3 perek.bialas-praga perek-bialas_30.05.2012 to give
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Combining paid work and family care-giving in Poland Jolanta Perek-Białas
Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics
Institute of Sociology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland
IFA, Prague, Czech Republic
30.05.2012
1 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
Four possible situations
CARE
YES NO
WORK YES Usually full time
working and caring as
primary carer
Not popular in PL
NO Not active – on
retirement – the
consequnces of early
exit from the labour
market
Not popular in PL
Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
2
Dominant in the past and still at present
Dominant in the future
Less or even no problems for the state!
More problems for families
Main issue
This is important to think about conflict between
increased employment rate of workers (female) and
increased need for giving a care to older family members
– solutions?
There is a need to think not only on macro organization
of health care system but as well on mezo and micro level
in these countries beyond the health care systems
(regional differences)
3 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
Polish society with its traditional family model considers
care of a dependant older persons to be an obligation of
a society and of primary importance to the wellbeing of
seniors.
Different surveys show that the majority of society (like
in the study of Kotowska 2008 as much as 90 %) think
that the care of older people should be the duty of their
children or other relatives (respectively 80%).
How it is organized and what are
preferences?
4
Adult population who feel that dependent elderly
people have to rely too much on their relatives
Source: Health and long-term care in the European Union, Special Eurobarometer 283/ Wave 67.3 – TNS Opinion & Social, 2007 (selected countries) 5 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
The importance of the family as the primary caregivers
and the location of care in the household of the care
recipients is undoubtful in opposition to the
institutionalized care.
The study of Eurofamcare showed that 87% of
respondents - carers declared that they would not place
the older person in a care home institution under any
circumstances. Only 11% would consider such an option if
the condition of the person they cared for would worsen
(Czekanowski 2006: 105).
Family vs. institutions
6
Attitudes regarding care for the
elderly Source: Health and long-term care in the European Union, Special Eurobarometer 283/ Wave 67.3 – TNS Opinion & Social, 2007 (selected countries)
7 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
Availability and access to nursing
homes Source: Health and long-term care in the European Union, Special Eurobarometer 283/ Wave 67.3 – TNS Opinion & Social, 2007 (selected countries)
8 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
WORK or/and CARE
Employers
(ASPA project)
Working care
giver (VW project)
Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
9
Not working persons who need to take care (Human Balance Capital)
Source: see Praca a obowiązki 2005, p. 39 and as well Szatur-Jaworska, Rysz-Kowalczyk 2007
Share of women and men who provide care for
persons aged 60 and more by age (% of persons in
age group)
10
Social policy context
Current situation: so far exisiting standard measures
including some financial allowonces and access to nursing
services and nursing homes
i.e. 14 days of paid leave per year if someone is employed
Proposal: nursing insurance – initiative of the MP (leading
party) and a group of experts – so called „Green book”
launched in September 2010
Working caregiver perspective
VW project
Typical conflicts at work
Lack of concentration and constant “thinking” of the
care
Tiredness and stress, worsened physical condition (e.g
spine aches)
Hindrance or limitation to their professional careers or
working opportunities (taking part in trainings, conferneces,
etc)
Changes to organization/hours of work („bringing work
home”, re-arranging work schedule, need to take a sick leave)
Lack of possibility for additional income
The self – employed : fewer conflicts, reconciliation easier
21 persons reported „no impact” on work
situation
Typical conflicts in private life
Lack of time „for everything”
Conflicts with family members (very often with siblings)
Everyday stress, hassle
Depression
Health deterioration
Abandonment of social life, limited possibility for relax
and leisure activities
Dimensions of help/support
Help with the care („sharing” care tasks)
Help to the carer (e.g exemption from other household duties)
Help on everyday basis
Occasional/emergency help
Active help (with caring tasks) Psychological help
Financial help
Support measures received by our
working carers
WORK – occasional & emergency
• No formal regulations, only informal agreements with line managers
• Co-workers as „potential substitution” at work
STATE - everyday basis
• Home carers (co-financed by the families of the elderly)
• Financial subsidy
FAMILY – everyday basis & emergency & occasional
• spouse and children
• extended family (including financial support)
FRIENDS, NEIGHBOURS
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
THIRD SECTOR
Successful strategies
Instrumental strategies
Psychological strategies
Family:
„networking”
„supplementing”
„linking method”
Logistics and good organization
Time out (leisure, sports)
Stress management/positive thinking
Work as balance
Thinking ahead
Some needs and expectations
Towards different state stakeholders:
System of information
Daily care centers, especially in rural area
Increase number of hours of formal carers
Possibility to have support in case of emergency
Towards employers:
Work from home
Flexible working hours
Towards civil society:
Creating social networks (neighbouring support at local leven
needed)
Not working caregiver perspective
Balance of Human Capital Survey, 2011
NOT able to WORK because of CARE
7% of respondents is saying that it makes difficult to find a
job because of a need to take care of older family
member
Mostly:
Women (~70%)
rural and cities between 100-199 th (13.6%)
45-54 (31.5%)
Married/partners
Education
Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
20
Source: Human Capital Balance Survey, 2011, 2nd Wave
Employers perspective
ASPA project
Disruption from care responsibilities
Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
22
Source: ASPA project, own calculation for selected countries, sample size of PL = 1044
How often do family elder care responsibilities (e.g. towards parents, parents-in-law etc.) disrupt the daily work of older employees (50-plus)?
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
Never Occasionally Often
Men Women
Work – care options
(occasionally/often)
1. Abseentism/Sick leave - 46.9%
2. Reduce working hours - 28.2%
3. Retire early - 24%
4. Give up working - 9.5%
5. Increase working hours - 9.5%
Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
23
Source: ASPA project, own calculation for selected countries, sample size of PL = 1044
Q: Employees cope differently with the combination of work and family elder care responsibilities. To balance work and care, how often do older employees (50-plus) choose to ...
Some recommendations
1. Various, tailored and adequate solutions of helping
employed who have to work and care
2. More public debate with various actors to implement
various measures
3. More education and information to explain what could be
done to help working caregivers
General recommendations
25
Introduction flexible forms of work (ie. different hours)
special leaves of absence and allowances (the risk that the
idea is great but who can finance it?)
support in care giving obligations (NGO’s)
special bonuses from employers (ie. financial and as well
additional help)
More concrete recommendations for
reconciliation work and care
26
remuneration for the persons caring for their old
relatives
enabling non-full time employment
assuring (by the State) public services for the care givers
organization of trainings and workshops dealing with the
practical problems of caring for an older person
social actions promoting family bonds and raising
awareness about the duties towards elderly parents
More detailed recommendations for
reconciliation work and care
27
References
Activating Senior Potentials in Ageing Europe
http://www.aspa-eu.com/
Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University
28
Carers@Work
Between Job and Care: Conflict or Opportunity?
A Strategy for Securing Sustainable Future Care
and Productivity Potentials in an Ageing Society -
A European Comparison
Project with J. Stypińska at the Jagiellonian
University, Cracow, Poland
http://www.carersatwork.tu-dortmund.de/en/index.php
References
29
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!
30 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of
Economics, Jagiellonian University