3 mainstreaming disability in drrm - hi
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DisabilityTRANSCRIPT
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Mainstreaming Disability into Disaster Risk Reduction
Scale Up, Build Up Strengthening Local Alliances, Advocacy and
Empowering Champions on Disaster Risk Reduction
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Independent international aid organization working in situation of poverty and exclusion, conflict and disaster.
Working alongside persons with disabilities, our actions are focused on responding to their essential needs, improving their living conditions and promoting respect for their dignity and their fundamental rights.
Founded in 1982
Co-recipient of the Nobel Peace prize in 1997
Works in 60 countries
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Handicap International has been working in the Philippines since 1985.
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Projects in the Philippines
Prevention of Disabilities Linked with Cardiovascular Risks Davao City
REBUILD Inclusive Livelihood
Typhoon Pablo Emergency Response
Scale Up, Build Up Project
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Scale Up, Build Up Strengthening Local Alliances, Advocacy and
Empowering Champions on Disaster Risk Reduction
Objective: support the implementation of the Disaster Risk Reduction Management Act (RA10121) by improving access to
information and increasing the institutional capacity of DRR stakeholders to increase resilience of high risk communities in the
Philippines.
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What is Handicap Internationals Role?
Technical Support to Consortium Partners:
Train staff on how to mainstream disability into DRR
Provide recommendations on how to address disability issues and concerns
Review documents and tools for inclusion
Link DPOs with DRR agencies and LGUs, and partners
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What is the experience of persons with disabilities during
disasters?
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Typhoon Reming
Mae Servito
Left alone during Typhoon Reming Rescued by neighbour Only a room was left of their house. Evacuated on a dump truck She felt hopeless.
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What is Handicap Internationals experience during disasters?
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Typhoon Ondoy
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Evacuation Center Management
Registration in
evacuation centers:
No disaggregated
registration systems.
No detail on the
demographic
breakdown of
evacuees was
available.
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Evacuation Center Management
When camp managers or relief workers come across these vulnerable groups during their inspections.
Despite identification, information regarding PWD is not currently being recorded.
Identification of Vulnerable Persons Through familiarity
between community members
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Evacuation Center Management
Accessibility in evacuation
centers:
None were accessible
Persons with reduced
mobility were located on the
second floor, having difficult
access to the limited WASH
facilities and relief
distributions.
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DISTRIBUTION (i.e. food, non-food items)
Accessibility:
-No noticeable efforts to ensure that the most
vulnerable populations accessed the distributed goods.
Evacuation Center Management
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Water: Available to most affected populations in the areas visited (running water or open distributions)
But:
Not accessible to vulnerable groups such as persons with disabilities or older persons.
No measures were taken to facilitate access to water for these groups.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
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Health
Accessibility and availability:
Health services were available (but not consistent) through health centers, hospitals, periodic medical missions and barangay health workers.
Specific medicines and medical care for PWD and persons with chronic medical conditions are unavailable.
No distribution of specific items and equipment for vulnerable groups, including assistive devices.
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Psychosocial
60% of vulnerable persons with disabilities/chronic medical conditions and elderly persons interviewed showed behavioral and emotional changes.
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Protection including child protection, education
There was no active identification of vulnerable persons.
There were no visible protection measures in place in areas visited.
In ECs for instance, hazardous areas were not well-marked and facilities were not easily accessible to PWD, older persons and persons with specific needs.
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Typhoon Sendong
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Perceptions of NGOs and DRR agencies regarding PWD during
disasters Inclusion is automatic through a blanket approach and
through PWD caregivers
Disability inclusion requires special and technical skills
Disability inclusion will divert resources from the affected population
PWD cannot participate in camp and community activities
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Facts about Disability and Disasters
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Disability in Disasters Some estimates
Post-Tsunami in Asia
20% increase in PWD in the affected areas
Post-disaster in the World
5 - 7% are PWD in camps or temporary shelters and
one third of all people affected suffer from mental
distress. Source: Oosters, B, CBM International Looking with a disability lens at the disaster
caused by the Tsunami in South-East Asia, (2005)
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Because:
They tend to be invisible, and are often excluded more than others from the relief actions.
They face additional barriers in accessing emergency support.
They are at greater risk to see their level of vulnerability increase.
Why should special attention and consideration be given to persons with specific needs in an emergency
situation?
They are amongst the most negatively
affected in all the aspects of their lives.
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Legal Frameworks on Disability and Disasters
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What do disaster laws and frameworks say about disability?
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Hyogo Framework for Action
III. B Priorities for action (4) Reduce the underlying risk factors (g) Strengthen the implementation of social safety-net mechanisms to assist the poor, the elderly and the disabled, and other populations affected by disasters. Enhance recovery schemes including psycho-social training programmes in order to mitigate the psychological impact
UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction 2005-2015: Building the resilience of nations and
communities to disasters
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Hyogo Framework for Action 2.1 Establish an initiative for countrywide risk assessments 7. Conduct local community vulnerability and capacity assessments. Consider social, economic, physical and environmental vulnerability factors such as gender, disability, access to infrastructure, economic diversity and environmental sensitivities. Document and map capacities and vulnerabilities.
4.2 Social needs: Establish mechanisms for increasing resilience of the poor and most vulnerable. 1. Improve data quality through disaggregated statistics correlated to high-risk environments (e.g. age, disabilities, social disparities and gender).
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4.6 Financial/economic instruments: Create opportunities for private-sector involvement in disaster risk reduction
9. Promote the financing of specific post-disaster recovery needs for poor people, or those with physical or age disabilities, through microcredit and insurance products and services.
Hyogo Framework for Action
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Sphere Standards 2008
PWDs are included as one of the cross-cutting issues
Reference is made to 'paying attention to vulnerable groups' and provide workers with appropriate training and orientation, especially increasing awareness
No practical recommendations on how to include PWD
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Sphere Standards 2011
[They] are a diverse population including children and older people, whose needs cannot be addressed in a one size fits all approach. (p. 22 The Sphere Project, 2011)
Disability issues are now included in the Humanitarian Charter, the Protection Principles, the Core Standards, and the technical chapters on minimum standards
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Section 2: Declaration of Policy
(n) Develop and strengthen the capacities of vulnerable and marginalized groups to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the effects of disasters
Section 3: Definition of Terms
(oo) Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups those that face higher exposure to disaster risk and poverty including but not limited to women, children, elderly, differently-abled people and ethnic minorities
National DRRM Act of 2010
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What are the disability laws and frameworks that support inclusion
of PWDs in DRR?
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Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
Philippines signed the CRPD on 27 September 2007 and ratified it on 14 April 2008.
States Parties shall takeall necessary measures to ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities in situations of risk, including situations of armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and the occurrence of natural disasters. (Article 11)
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Incheon Strategy Asian and Pacific Decade of Persons with Disabilities, 20132022, the achievement of the regional vision of an inclusive society that ensures, promotes and upholds the rights of all
persons with disabilities in Asia and the Pacific
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Magna Carta for Disabled Persons (Republic Act 7277) as amended by
R.A. 9442
National mandate for the elimination of discrimination against PWD
(a) Disabled persons are part of Philippine society, thus the State shall give full support to the improvement of the total well-being of disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream of society. (Sec. 2)
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Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Blg. 344)
Passed in 1982
Requires certain buildings, institutions, establishments and public utilities to install accessible facilities and other devices, including transportation and communication devices
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Mainstreaming
It is the process of including disability in policies, legislation and programs, in all
areas, at all levels, thus becoming an integral dimension of their design, implementation, monitoring and
evaluation. It is said to be both a process and a goal.
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TWIN TRACK APPROACH FOR MAINSTREAMING DISABILITY IN DRM
Mainstream DRR services
(non-specialized services for society
in general). Examples:
Task forces, VCAs, contingency planning;
Information (EW; livelihood opportunities);
Shelters and their facilities;
Food and crop distribution;
DRR programs of governments, NGOs etc.;
Specialized services
(rehabilitation services for people with
temporary or permanent impairment).
Examples:
Functional Rehabilitation (Physical + Occupational
Therapy, P+O services);
Corrective surgery, assistive devices;
Info in sign language + Braille;
Care taker;
FOR Reducing
vulnerability + increasing capacity
Principle : as much mainstream services as possible, specialized services when necessary
Approach to promote access for persons with disabilities to
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Principles of Inclusive DRR
Participation
Accessibility
Non-discrimination
P A N
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Participation Active involvement of
people with disabilities in all DRR activities
Ensures relevance and sustainability of any development action
Requires positive action and reasonable accommodation
Are the opinions of PWD part of decision making?
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Accessibility
Reach
Enter
Circulate
Use
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Entrance View Inside View
That wide cubicle inside is utterly useless I cant
even get through from here!!!
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Now, how do they expect me to close this door?
What about my privacy?
Grab bars beyond reach!
So near & yet
so far!
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Hazardous & non-functional ramps
Steep
Slippery
Narrow
Obstructed
No railings
Whats that tree doing in the
middle of the ramp ?
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Revised IRR of PD 1096 / Amended IRR of BP 344
Accessible toilet cubicles/stalls shall have a minimum area of 1.70 x 1.80 m. One movable grab bar and one fixed to the adjacent wall shall be installed for lateral mounting; fixed grab bars for frontal mounting.
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Door Pull-back Handle (in Comfort Rooms)
Note: The door knob is beyond reach of a person on wheelchair because of the big wheel getting in the way.
A door handle near the hinge for pulling the door back to close is very helpful.
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What Accessibility Means to People with Disabilities
Mobility
Convenience
Safety
Time-saving
Independence
Productivity
Equality
Empowerment
Progress
It refers to features that enable PWDs to make use of the primary functions for which a structure is built.
It is indicated by this universal graphic sign:
It means:
It is a matter of HUMAN RIGHTS.
It means a barrier-free environment necessary for independent living and equalization of opportunities.
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Non-discrimination
Direct or indirect
Equal opportunities: consider that not all have the same starting point
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General principles for an inclusive PCVA:
Be participatory: include PWD and their families in all assessment exercises
Know about the disability situation (number, location, specific impairment and capacities)
Speak directly to PWD. They are the best resource.
Adapt data collection techniques to the impairment
Keep in Mind: PWDs have capacities too!
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Rogelio Tanon from Barangay Kilikilihan, San Miguel, Catanduanes. His right foot was amputated when he was 12 years old due to a vehicular accident.
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No disability in PVCA, No
disability in all actions
Considering PWD needs in the early stages of
assessment, project design and implementation
will ensure that their needs are appropriately
addressed where relevant before a disaster occurs.
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EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS (EWS)
Does the
early
warning
system
reach all
persons in
the
community?
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Include persons with disabilities during its development
EWS should be in both auditory and visual forms.
Include persons with disabilities in mock drills related to EWS.
Inform persons with disabilities on a priority basis.
Provide theoretical and practical training on disability-inclusive EWS for your organizations staff.
Practical Recommendations for an Inclusive EWS
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Examples of inclusive EWS: -Visual impairments- audio (bells, siren) -Hearing impairments- visual---signs, large print, drawing, symbols, sign language, subtitles, flags, color codes -Intellectual and mental impairments/ Psychological impairments- short and clear announcements and instructions, conditioning -Physical impairments- Audio and visual announcements
INCLUSIVE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS (EWS)
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INCLUSIVE SEARCH, RESCUE
AND EVACUATION (SRE)
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In an emergency response, actors typically focus on people newly injured through the disaster.
Persons with disabilities need to be included in search activities just as anyone else
They are at a higher risk of getting neglected, injured and trapped, lost or left behind
People with disabilities and SRE
It is therefore important that emergency search and rescue personnel should have knowledge on how to adapt search and rescue techniques to find and move persons having different types of disabilities.
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Principle of Inclusive SRE
Persons with disabilities can be evacuated:
Through their own efforts
Through some assistance; and
Through complete assistance
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Map persons with disabilities!!!
Include persons with disabilities/Disabled Peoples Organisations/health rehabilitation specialists in SRE trainings and mock drills;
Train SRE teams on adapting SRE techniques to impairments
Stock stretchers, wheelchairs, crutches etc.: in disaster, they are helpful not only for persons with disabilities
Practical Recommendations to make SRE Inclusive
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Despite my disability I can still help others. Alma Bulima Member, Evacuation Committee, Barangay Pagsangahan DRRMC (San Miguel, Catanduanes)
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INCLUSIVE CAMP MANAGEMENT
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INCLUSIVE SHELTER/EVACUATION CENTER
Inclusive shelter will provide benefit for other vulnerable groups including persons with disabilities.
Persons with disabilities, persons with disabilities organizations and caretakers have ideas on how the shelters will become inclusive hence it is essential to involve them in the planning and implementation phase.
Inclusive shelters need to be safe, accessible in terms of mobility and communication, and equitable to supplies and services.
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Inclusive Communication
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Alternative Formats an Strategies
Braille System of simple
arrangement of 6 embossed dots
First introduced in 1825 by Louis Braille
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Captioning
Translates the audio portion of a video presentation by way of subtitles, or captions, which usually appear on the bottom of the screen
May be closed or open
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Large print Large font size (16 to 18 point) for characters
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Typeface Avoid complicated, decorative or cursive typeface for
texts and headlines Use of simple serif typeface for text
Ex: Times News Roman
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Typeface Use of san serif typeface like Arial or Verdana Serif means tail
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Increase letter spacing
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Leading Leading, or spacing between lines of text, should be at
least 25 to 30 percent of the point size
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Improve contrast Text should be printed with the highest possible contrast
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Type Color Very high contrasts are difficult to achieve with color
combinations other than black and white.
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Margins Extra-wide Spiral binding Visual devices
such as stand- and video-magnifiers
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Align text left
Easier to read
Line of text should be no longer than 6 inches (approximately 50-60 characters per line)
Photos
Use papers that are not glossy
Color light on dark, dark on light
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Benefits of Inclusive Communication Tools
The communication of information to the public is central to risk management.
Communication Tools
Audiences
Knowledge
Reaction Disregard
Translate knowledge into action
No information
No knowledge
Vulnerable people cannot mobilise to protect themselves
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Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction Commit to being disability-inclusive by ensuring that all DRR
actions consider disability issues.
Gather baseline information on disability in the community.
Engage and involve local Disabled Peoples Organizations (DPOs) in DRR activities.
Train staff on inclusion and disability rights.
Reduce barriers to inclusion in DRR activities.
Communicate with persons with disabilities in ways appropriate to their impairments
Promote positive attitudes about disability for an inclusive, barrier-free society.
Mainstream Inclusive DRR in local development planning
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Contact us
12-D Valero Tower
122 Valero St., Salcedo Village, Makati City
Tel. No.: +63 2 8126990
Fax: +63 2 8170147
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.handicapinternational.ph