3 joints rp
TRANSCRIPT
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CAPT RISHI POKHREL
JOINTSJOINTS
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INTRODUCTION
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Fibrous Cartilaginous SynovialFixed Slightly movable Freely
movable(Synarthroses) (Amphiarthroses)
(Diarthroses)Types Types
TypesSutures Pri.cart. joints Plane• Plane (Synchondroses) Hinge• Squamous Pivot • Limbous Sec.cart. Joints
Bicondylar• Serrate (Syndesmoses)
Ellipsoid• Dentate Saddle Schindylesis Ball and
socketGomphosis Syndesmosis
CLASSIFICATIONS
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CLASSIFICATIONS
JOINTS
SYNARTHROSES
SYNOVIALFIBROUS
SUTURES SYNDESMOSIS GOMPHOSES
CARTILAGENOIS SYNCHONDROSES SYMPHYSES
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SUTURES
FIBROUS JOINTS
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Sutures
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Syndesmosis
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GOMPHOSES
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SYNCHONDROSES
CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS
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SYMPHYSES
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SYNOVIAL JOINT
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ARTICULAR SURFACE OF BONES
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ARTICULAR CARTILAGE MIC. STR.
LAMINA SPLENDENS Bright line at free surface
of articular cartilage seen on oblique sections on negative phase microscopy
Not an anatomically distinct surface layer.
Artifect at border between regions of different ref index
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Joint capsule
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SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
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SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
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SYNOVIAL FLUID
Volume – 0.5 ml in knee jt
Color – clear or pale yellow
pH - slightly alkaline Proteins – 0.9 mg/dl Cells – 60/ml Amorphous
metachromatic particles
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INTRAARTICULAR MENISCUS & DISC
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LABRUM
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BLOOD SUPPLY
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NERVE SUPPLY
Hilton's law
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NERVE RECEPTORS
Ruffini endingsLamellated articular corpusclesGolgi tendon organsSimple nerve endings
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CLASSIFICATION OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Based on shape of articular surface
∞ Plane jt∞ Ellipsoid jt
∞ Hinge jt ∞ Saddle jt
∞ Pivot jt ∞ Ball and socket jt
∞ Bicondylar jt
Articular shapes are never truly flat, spherical, cylinder, cone or ellipsoids but part of a spheroid.
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PLANE JOINT
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HINGE JOINT
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PIVOT JOINT
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BICONDYLAR JOINT
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ELLIPSOIDAL JOINT
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SADDLE JOINT
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BALL & SOCKET JOINT
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FACTORS INFLUENCING MOVEMENTS OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Complexity of form
Degrees of freedom
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ARTICULAR MOVEMENTS AND MECHANISMS
Combination of translation and angulation Movement
slight – similar sized reciprocal surfaces wide – habitually more mobile bone has
larger articular surface
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ARTICULAR MOVEMENTS AND MECHANISMS contd...
Translation Angulation
• Flexion and extension• Abduction and adduction• Axial rotation• Circumduction
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DevelopmentMesodermal origin with some
neural crest contribution. Regions of developing
cartilage consist of widely spaced cells surrounded by matrix.
Condensation of somatopleuric mesenchymal cells develop between developing skeletal elements to form plates of interzonal mesenchyme
Their subsequent development varies acc. to type of joint
Fibrous joint Cartilagenous joint Synovial joint
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Development
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APPLIED ANATOMY
1.Craniosynostosis
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2. JOINT REPLACEMENTS
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3. Premature fusion of synchondroses4. Arthritis
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