(3) ecology part b tech

8/3/2019 (3) Ecology Part B TECH

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Earth and Climate

Weather- the day-to-day

condition of Earths

atmosphere at a

particular time and place

Climate- average year-

after-year conditions of

temperature and

precipitation in a

particular region

Weather- any day

Climate- long-term

pattern


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What effects climate

Different latitudes- get different amounts of

direct sun.

More direct sun= warmer weather

Sunlight

Most direct sunlight

Sunlight

Sunlight

Sunlight

90N North Pole

66.5N

23.5N

0

23.5S

66.5S90S South Pole

Arcticcircle

Tropic ofCancer

Equator

Tropic ofCapricorn

Arcticcircle

Different Latitudes


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What effects climate

Heat transport in the biosphere

Ocean Currents

Winds


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Ecological Succession

Ecological Succession- The series of predictable

changes that occur in a community over time.

Primary Succession- Succession that occurs

where no soil exists (usually when new land is

created from a volcano ,etc)

PioneerSpecies- first species to populate an

area (ex lichen on rock)


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Secondary Succession- Succession that

occurs when there is soil (example

succession after a forest fire)


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Succession can occur in water as well

Terrestrial- land

Aquatic- water

Terrestrial succession- land succession

Aquatic succession- water succession


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Land Biomes

Tropical rain forest

Tropical dry forest

Tropical savanna Temperate woodland

and shrubland

Desert

Temperate grassland

Boreal forest

(Taiga)

Northwestern

coniferous forest

Temperate forest

Mountains and

ice caps

Tundra


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Tropical Rainforest

Abiotic factors: hot

and wet year round;

thin, nutrient-poor

soils

Dominant plants

and animals: broad-

leaved evergreen

trees; ferns; sloth;

jaguars; parrots; etc.


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Tropical Savanna

Abiotic factors: Warm

Temperatures; Seasonal

Rainfall, compact soil,

frequent fires set by

lightning

Dominant plantsand

animals: Tall perennial

grasses, drought-tolerant

and fire resistant trees,Lions, Leapords,

elephants, etc.


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Desert

Abiotic factors: Low

Precipitation, variable

temperatures, soil rich in

minerals but poor organic

material

Dominant plantsand

animals: Cacti and other

succulents (water storing

plants), snakes,scorpions, kangaroo rats,

mountain lions, etc.


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Temperate Grassland

Abiotic factors: Warm to

hot summers; cold

winters, moderate,

seasonal precipitation,

fertile soils, occasional

fires

Dominant plantsand

animals: Lush perrenial

grasses and herbs,coyotes, badgers, etc.


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Temperate Woodland and

Shrubland Abiotic factors: Hot,dry summers, cool,moist winters, thin

nutrient-poor soils,periodic fires

Dominant plantsand animals: woody

evergreen shrubs withsmall feathery leaves,coyotes, foxes,rabbits, etc.


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Temperate Forest

Abiotic factors: Coldto moderate winters,warm summers, year

round precipitation,fertile soils

Dominant plantsand animals:

broadleaf deciduoustrees, some conifers,flowering shrubs,deer, black bears, etc.


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Northwestern Coniferous Forest

Abiotic factors: Mildtemperatures,abundant precipitation

during fall, winter, andspring; relatively cool,dry summer; rocky,acidic soils

Dominant plantsand animals:Douglas Fir, Spruce,Bears, elk, and deer


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Boreal Forest- Taiga

Abiotic factors: Long,

cold winters; short, mild

summers; moderate

precipitation; high

humidity; acidic, nutrient-

poor soils

Dominant plantsand

animals: coniferous

trees, some deciduoustrees, lynx, timberwolves,

etc.


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Tunda

Abiotic factors: StrongWinds; low precipitation;short and soggysummers; long, cold, and

dark winters; poorlydeveloped soils;permafrost

Dominant plantsandanimals: Short plants

such as mosses andlichens; birds andmammals that canwithstand the harshenvironment.


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Ten MajorBiomes

Biome Precipitation Temperature Soil Diversity Trees Grasses

Tropical Rain

Forest

high hot poor high dense sparse

TropicalDry

Forest

variable mild rich moderate medium medium

Tropical

Savanna

variable mild clay moderate sparse dense

Desert low variable poor moderate sparse sparse

Temperate

Grassland

moderate summerhot rich moderate absent dense

Temperatewoodland and

Shrubland

summerlow,winter

moderate

summerhot poor low medium medium

Temperate

Forest

moderate summer

moderate,

wintercold

rich high dense sparse

Northwestern

Coniferous

Forest

high summer

mild, winter

cold

rocky,

acidic

low dense sparse

Boreal Forest moderate summer

mild, winter

cool

poor,

acidic

moderate dense sparse

Tundra low summer

mild, wintercold

poor low absent medium


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Aquatic Ecosystems

Freshwater Ecosystems

Flowing water ecosystems (ex Rivers)

Standing water ecosystems (ex Lakes andPonds)

Freshwater wetlands Wetland- an ecosystem in which water covers thesoil or is present near the surface part of the year


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Aquatic Ecosystems

Estuaries- where rivers meet sea (mix of

fresh and salt water)

Saltmarshes- temperate

zone estuaries with mostlysalt tolerant grasses

Mangroveswamps- costalwetlands with mostly salttolerant trees


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Aquatic Ecosystems MarineEcosystems- saltwater

Intertidal Zone- Near shore between high andlow tide. Covered by water part of the day.

Coastal Ocean- Low tide mark to the edge of

the continental shelf


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Aquatic Ecosystems MarineEcosystems- saltwater

Photic Zone- well-lit upperlayer oftheoceans

Aphotic Zone- permanently darklayer of

the oceansbelow the photic zone

(3) ecology part b tech

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