B i O iB i O iBasic Operation Basic Operation

Conventional “Wet” Conventional “Wet” Mechanical SealsMechanical Seals

© 2003 John Crane EAA 858585

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical Seal

868686

Loose ring set screwed to the shaftLoose ring set screwed to the shaft

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical Seal

Wear here will create leakageWear here will create leakage

878787

OO--ring prevents leakage through the borering prevents leakage through the bore

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical SealHeat generated hereHeat generated here Leak pathLeak path

Large componentLarge component

888888

Spring ensures automatic adjustmentSpring ensures automatic adjustment

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical Seal

Gasket or OGasket or O--ringring

API Plan 2API Plan 2Inserted stationary componentInserted stationary component

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical Seal

API Plan 2API Plan 2

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical Seal

API Plan 2API Plan 2

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical Seal

API Plan 2API Plan 2

Heat control / removalHeat control / removal

..

Heat control / removalHeat control / removal

Product recirculation line.Product recirculation line.API Plan 11API Plan 11

949494

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical SealRecirculationRecirculationfor coolingfor cooling

959595

API Plan 11API Plan 11

API Seal Flush PlanAPI Seal Flush Plan

Seal Failure AnalysisSeal Failure Analysis

..

Seal Failure AnalysisSeal Failure Analysis

..

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical Seal

999999

Secondary SealSecondary SealPrimary SealPrimary Seal

Tertiary SealTertiary Seal

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical Seal

Spring or Spring ForceSpring or Spring Force Mating Ring or SeatMating Ring or Seat

100100100

Primary Ring or FacePrimary Ring or Face

Spring DriveSpring Drive

Left hand or right hand spring?Left hand or right hand spring?

Mechanical SealMechanical SealMechanical Seal Mechanical Seal TheoryTheory

Primary SealPrimary Seal

© 2003 John Crane EAA 102102102

Primary SealPrimary Seal

Mating Mating RingRing

Primary Primary RingRing RingRingRingRing

SpringsSprings

Higher pressure on outside diameterHigher pressure on outside diameter

SpringsSprings

Higher pressure on outside diameterHigher pressure on outside diameterHigher pressure holds faces closedHigher pressure holds faces closed

Fluid is forced between faces to lubricateFluid is forced between faces to lubricateSprings keep faces closed when no pressureSprings keep faces closed when no pressure

Primary SealPrimary Seal

104104104Faces lapped flat to within 1 Faces lapped flat to within 1 -- 3 light bands3 light bands

Film thickness = leakageFilm thickness = leakage

Leakage Leakage -- Newtonian FluidsNewtonian FluidsDiameter (mm)

100

80

Speed (rpm)

80

60

4040

30

20

L e a k a g e (m l/h )Pressure (bar g)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Balanced Seal Unbalanced Seal

Primary SealPrimary Seal

Fluid film thickness is very importantFluid film thickness is very importanttoo thintoo thin wear causing early seal failurewear causing early seal failuretoo thin too thin -- wear, causing early seal failurewear, causing early seal failuretoo thick too thick -- visible leakagevisible leakage

bbMust be:Must be:

present present -- beware dry runningbeware dry runningstablestableclean clean -- beware abrasive wear symptomsbeware abrasive wear symptomsreasonable viscosityreasonable viscositytemperature controlledtemperature controlledacceptable pressure.acceptable pressure.

Abrasive WearAbrasive Wear

..

Is this abrasive wear?Is this abrasive wear?

..

Abrasives or no lubrication?Abrasives or no lubrication?

..

Seal Failure AnalysisSeal Failure Analysis

Primary Seal Primary Seal -- AbrasivesAbrasives

How do we prevent How do we prevent damage and failure damage and failure

d b b i ?d b b i ?caused by abrasives?caused by abrasives?

112112112

Primary Seal Primary Seal -- AbrasivesAbrasives

Primary Seal Primary Seal -- AbrasivesAbrasives

Cyclone SeparatorCyclone Separator

To mechanical sealTo mechanical seal

From pump dischargeFrom pump discharge

To pump suctionTo pump suction

Cyclone SeparatorCyclone Separator

..

116116116

Abrasive WearAbrasive Wear

Cyclone separatorCyclone separator API Plan 31API Plan 31

Filtered recirculationFiltered recirculation API Plan 12API Plan 12

Clean flushClean flush API Plan 32API Plan 32

Reverse circulationReverse circulation API Plan 13API Plan 13

Pressurised double sealPressurised double seal API Plan 53 or 54API Plan 53 or 54Pressurised double sealPressurised double seal API Plan 53 or 54API Plan 53 or 54

UpUp--Stream Pumping sealStream Pumping seal

Hard facesHard faces

Seals designed for very heavy abrasivesSeals designed for very heavy abrasivesg y yg y y

Seal for Heavy Abrasive ServiceSeal for Heavy Abrasive Service

Type 5860Type 5860

ViscosityViscosity

Seal Type

VISCOSITY (cSt)

Up to

500 to

750 to

1000 to

3000 to

3500 and

1500 to

2000 to

2500 toto

500 to

750 to

1000 to

1500 to

3500 and

Above

Pusher Seals with Positive Drive

Standard Seal & Mating Ring

Standard Seal & Pinned or Clamped

Mating Ring

Refer to John Crane

to2000

to2500

to3000

Elastomer Bellows Non-Pusher Seals

Standard Seal & Mating Ring

Standard Seal & Pinned or Clamped

Mating Ring

Standard Seal with Hard Faces Pinned or Clamped Mating Ring

Limited Velocity - See Below

Refer to John Crane

PTFE Bellows Non Pusher Standard Seal & Clamped Mating Ring Refer to John CraneNon-Pusher p g g

Metal Bellows Non-Pusher

Standard Seal & Mating Ring

Standard Seal & Pinned or Clamped

Mating Ring

Standard Seal with Hard Faces Pinned or Clamped Mating Ring

Limited Velocity - See Below

Refer to John Crane

R d dRecommended Minimum Radial Seal Clearance

Standard 5 mm 10 mm

Heating at Start-Up Optional Recommended

R f tMaximum Shaft Velocity (m/s) 10 3

Refer to John Crane

Seal Design Maximum 8 6 4

Seal Failure AnalysisSeal Failure Analysis

Seal Failure AnalysisSeal Failure Analysis

Stable Fluid FilmStable Fluid Film

Coning Out Coning Out –– Positive RotationPositive Rotation

Coning Out Coning Out –– Positive RotationPositive Rotation

Coning In Coning In –– Negative RotationNegative Rotation

CStedyCStedy

Type 48 Refinery SealType 48 Refinery SealCStedy simulation.CStedy simulation.

Click hereClick hereType48.aasto run…to run…

126126126

Type 48 Primary RingsType 48 Primary Rings

Type 48LPType 48LPType 48 MPType 48 MPType 48 HPType 48 HP

Hydropad Primary RingHydropad Primary Ring

Latest DevelopmentLatest Development

© 2003 John Crane EAA

LaserFace TechnologyLaserFace Technology

LaserFace TechnologyLaserFace Technology

Principle of OperationPrinciple of Operation

LaserFaceLaserFace

Available TAvailable TRequired TRequired T -- ReducedReduced

PP

RR

EE

VapourVapourPressurePressure

Required TRequired T ReducedReduced

EE

SS

SS

PressurePressureCurveCurve

AA BBCC

LaserFaceLaserFaceEffectEffect

SS

UU

RRGasGas

Seal OperatingSeal OperatingAreaArea

EE

T E M P E R A T U R E (Tp)T E M P E R A T U R E (Tp)

LaserFaceLaserFace

Friction reducedFriction reduced

Face temperatures are lowerFace temperatures are lower

Leakage remains negligible / acceptableLeakage remains negligible / acceptable

S l lif i t d dS l lif i t d dSeal life is extendedSeal life is extended

Operate closer to boiling pointOperate closer to boiling pointOperate closer to boiling pointOperate closer to boiling point

Reduce/eliminate expensive cooling.Reduce/eliminate expensive cooling.

Primary SealPrimary Seal

Excessive start / stop operationExcessive start / stop operation

will drastically reduce seal life (MTBF will drastically reduce seal life (MTBF -- Mean Mean

Time Between Failure)Time Between Failure)

wear occurs between faces at startwear occurs between faces at start--upup

no lubricating fluid film presentno lubricating fluid film presentno lubricating fluid film presentno lubricating fluid film present

wear on drive mechanismwear on drive mechanism

l kl k / b/ bcan cause lockcan cause lock--up / bayonetingup / bayoneting

Is start / stop operation necessary?Is start / stop operation necessary? .

134134134

Primary SealPrimary Seal

If faces are not flat contact generates heatIf faces are not flat contact generates heatIf faces are not flat, contact generates heatIf faces are not flat, contact generates heatExcessive wear = short lifeExcessive wear = short life

1 light band = 0.00001181 inch or 0.0003 mm1 light band = 0.00001181 inch or 0.0003 mm

LappingLapping

..

136136136

LappingLapping

..

137137137

LappingLapping

Flatness Checking Flatness Checking -- ToolsTools

Flatness CheckingFlatness Checking

..

140140140

Flatness CheckingFlatness Checking

Flatness CheckingFlatness Checking

Distance between dark bands only affected by angle

of Optical Flat

Flatness CheckingFlatness Checking

Flatness CheckingFlatness Checking

..

144144144

Flatness CheckingFlatness Checking

Flatness CheckingFlatness Checking

Flatness CheckingFlatness Checking

Flatness CheckingFlatness Checking

Reconditioning SealsReconditioning Seals

Best to return to supplierBest to return to supplier

Expert checking of ALL componentsExpert checking of ALL components

Components replaced or reconditionedComponents replaced or reconditionedComponents replaced or reconditionedComponents replaced or reconditioned

Latest design upLatest design up--datesdates

Full knowledge of materialsFull knowledge of materials

Check dimensions within correct tolerancesCheck dimensions within correct tolerancesCheck dimensions within correct tolerancesCheck dimensions within correct tolerances

Pressure testedPressure tested

As new.As new.

HandlingHandling

Do not unpack seal until ready to fitDo not unpack seal until ready to fit

Avoid touching or handling facesAvoid touching or handling faces

Place seal on bench with face uppermostPlace seal on bench with face uppermost

on tissue paperon tissue paperon tissue paperon tissue paper

do not place face down, nor on its sidedo not place face down, nor on its side

Keep hands clean when fitting sealKeep hands clean when fitting seal

150150150

HandlingHandling

Always carefully wipe lapped faces clean with Always carefully wipe lapped faces clean with y y p ppy y p pp

tissue and tissue and approvedapproved solvent just before solvent just before

placing togetherplacing togetherplacing togetherplacing together

John Crane recommend KemetJohn Crane recommend Kemet COCO 4242John Crane recommend Kemet John Crane recommend Kemet COCO--4242

Do not use lubricant on the facesDo not use lubricant on the facesDo not use lubricant on the faces.Do not use lubricant on the faces.

Primary SealPrimary Seal

Primary Ring (Narrow Primary Ring (Narrow -- Softer) MaterialsSofter) MaterialsCarbonCarbon graphitegraphiteCarbonCarbon--graphitegraphite

resin impregnatedresin impregnatedantimony impregnatedantimony impregnatedantimony impregnatedantimony impregnated

Carbon converted to Silicon CarbideCarbon converted to Silicon Carbideresin impregnatedresin impregnatedresin impregnatedresin impregnated

Primary SealPrimary Seal

C b t d tC b t d tCarbon converted toCarbon converted toSilicon CarbideSilicon Carbide

……

Primary SealPrimary Seal

Carbon converted to Silicon Carbide (121)Carbon converted to Silicon Carbide (121)

Oven at 1625 Oven at 1625 –– 2225 2225 °°CC

Silicon Monoxide vapourSilicon Monoxide vapour

Several hours to convertSeveral hours to convert

e.g. 2 hours @ 1925 e.g. 2 hours @ 1925 °°C C ≈≈ 0.5 mm SiC depth0.5 mm SiC depth

Primary SealPrimary Seal

Primary Ring (Narrow Primary Ring (Narrow -- Softer) MaterialsSofter) MaterialsCarbonCarbon graphitegraphiteCarbonCarbon--graphitegraphite

resin impregnatedresin impregnatedantimony impregnatedantimony impregnatedantimony impregnatedantimony impregnated

Carbon converted to Silicon CarbideCarbon converted to Silicon Carbideresin impregnatedresin impregnated

Solid Silicon CarbideSolid Silicon Carbidepure sinteredpure sintered

resin impregnatedresin impregnated

pure sinteredpure sinteredreaction bondedreaction bonded

Tungsten CarbideTungsten Carbidenickel or cobalt bondednickel or cobalt bonded

Primary SealPrimary Seal

Mating Ring (Wide Mating Ring (Wide -- Harder) MaterialsHarder) Materials

NiNi i t™i t™NiNi--resist™resist™

high nickel cast iron; austenitic cast ironhigh nickel cast iron; austenitic cast iron

CeramicCeramic

99.5% aluminium oxide99.5% aluminium oxide

Mating Rings: CeramicMating Rings: Ceramic

..

Mating Rings: CeramicMating Rings: Ceramic

..

Primary SealPrimary Seal

Mating Ring (Wide Mating Ring (Wide -- Harder) MaterialsHarder) Materials

NiNi i t™i t™NiNi--resist™resist™

high nickel cast iron; austenitic cast ironhigh nickel cast iron; austenitic cast iron

CeramicCeramic

99.5% aluminium oxide99.5% aluminium oxide

Silicon CarbideSilicon Carbide

pure sintered or reaction bondedpure sintered or reaction bondedpure sintered or reaction bondedpure sintered or reaction bonded

Tungsten CarbideTungsten Carbide

b l i k l b d db l i k l b d dcobalt or nickel bondedcobalt or nickel bonded

MaterialsMaterials

Material

JC Code

Vickers Hardness

Thermal Conductivity W/m°C@20°C

Expansion Coefficient

X 10-6/°C

Thermal Shock

000’s W/m

Density 000’s kg/m3

/ / /

Silicon Carbide Pure Alpha Sintered 277 2500 125 4.0 24 3.1

Silicon Carbide +10% Si. Reaction Bonded 088 2500

+ softer Silicon 150 4.6 35 3.1

Converted Silicon Carbide/Carbon 121 2500

+ softer carbon 50 4.0 30 2.0

Tungsten Carbide +6% Cobalt 025 1500-1600 100 5.2 48 14.7

Tungsten Carbide +6% Nickel 005 1300-1500 80 5.6 43 14.7

Aluminium Oxide 99.5% Alumina 059 1500+ 26 6.9 6 3.9

Austenitic Cast Iron 13% Ni, 6% Cu 007 200 40 19.3 - 7.3

Carbon-Graphite Resin Impregnated 171 90

(estimated) 12 3.7 10 1.8

Primary Seal Primary Seal -- SummarySummary

A mechanical seal is selfA mechanical seal is self--adjusting for wearadjusting for wear

Has three main parts :Has three main parts :--Has three main parts :Has three main parts :

Primary ring (narrower running face) + Secondary sealPrimary ring (narrower running face) + Secondary seal

Mating ring (wider running faceMating ring (wider running face -- harder) + Tertiary sealharder) + Tertiary sealMating ring (wider running face Mating ring (wider running face harder) Tertiary sealharder) Tertiary seal

Spring(s) / Spring ForceSpring(s) / Spring Force

The liquid film between the primary ring & mating ring is only 0.5 The liquid film between the primary ring & mating ring is only 0.5 --

3.0 microns thick.3.0 microns thick.

There are three main sealing areas :There are three main sealing areas :--

Primary Seal Primary Seal -- Primary ring & Mating ringPrimary ring & Mating ring

Secondary Seal Secondary Seal -- Primary ring & ShaftPrimary ring & Shaft

Tertiary SealTertiary Seal -- Mating ring & Housing.Mating ring & Housing.

S lf AS lf ASelf AssessmentSelf Assessment

Questions / AnswersQuestions / Answers

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Question 1Question 1

What are the main What are the main Primary Ring with its Primary Ring with its components that are components that are required in any required in any mechanical seal?mechanical seal?

Secondary SealSecondary Seal

Mating Ring with its Mating Ring with its Tertiary SealTertiary Sealmechanical seal?mechanical seal? Tertiary SealTertiary Seal

Spring(s) or Spring Spring(s) or Spring ForceForceForceForce

Question 2Question 2

What is the purpose of What is the purpose of To keep the faces To keep the faces the springs?the springs? closedclosed

When pump is offWhen pump is off

At low pressureAt low pressureAt low pressureAt low pressure

By assisting the By assisting the hydraulic pressurehydraulic pressurey py p

Question 3Question 3

What assists the What assists the The spring(s), or spring The spring(s), or spring hydraulic pressure on hydraulic pressure on the Primary Ring to the Primary Ring to keep the faces closed?keep the faces closed?

force (e.g., from metal force (e.g., from metal bellows)bellows)

keep the faces closed?keep the faces closed?

Question 4Question 4

In most seal designs, In most seal designs, h i th MAXIMUMh i th MAXIMUM

On the outside diameterOn the outside diameterwhere is the MAXIMUM where is the MAXIMUM pressure in relation to pressure in relation to the seal faces?the seal faces?

Where is the MINIMUM Where is the MINIMUM i l ii l i

On the inside diameterOn the inside diameterpressure in relation to pressure in relation to the seal faces?the seal faces?

Remember Remember -- RULE 1RULE 1

Question 5Question 5

Does the liquid being Does the liquid being Yes, in all conventional Yes, in all conventional sealed provide sealed provide lubrication at the lubrication at the contact area betweencontact area between

wet sealswet seals

contact area between contact area between the Primary Ring and the Primary Ring and the Mating Ring?the Mating Ring?

Question 6Question 6

What is the ideal What is the ideal 0.5 to 3.0 0.5 to 3.0 μμm (microns)m (microns)thickness of the fluid thickness of the fluid film between the film between the Primary Ring andPrimary Ring andPrimary Ring and Primary Ring and Mating Ring?Mating Ring?

Question 7Question 7

Name the seal formed Name the seal formed The Primary SealThe Primary Sealat the contact area at the contact area between the Primary between the Primary Ring and the MatingRing and the MatingRing and the Mating Ring and the Mating Ring?Ring?

Question 8Question 8

What term do we use to What term do we use to The Secondary SealThe Secondary Sealdescribe the component describe the component that seals the Primary that seals the Primary Ring to the shaft orRing to the shaft or

OO--ringring

PTFE Sealing RingPTFE Sealing Ring

B llB llRing to the shaft or Ring to the shaft or housing, but allows housing, but allows axial movement?axial movement?

BellowsBellows

Question 9Question 9

What is the purpose of What is the purpose of To seal the Mating Ring To seal the Mating Ring the Tertiary Seal?the Tertiary Seal? into its housinginto its housing

On some designs, it is On some designs, it is also required to preventalso required to preventalso required to prevent also required to prevent the Mating Ring from the Mating Ring from rotatingrotatinggg

Mechanical SealMechanical SealMechanical Seal Mechanical Seal TheoryTheory

Secondary SealSecondary Seal

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Secondary SealSecondary Seal

Secondary SealSecondary Seal

Three basic formsThree basic formsOO--ringsrings

Two groupsTwo groupsPusherPusherOO ringsrings

PTFE sealing ringsPTFE sealing ringsWedgesWedges

PusherPusherSliding oSliding o--ringsringsPTFE sealing ringsPTFE sealing rings

ChevronsChevrons‘C’ rings‘C’ ringsSleeved oSleeved o--ringsrings

g gg gNonNon--pusherpusher

BellowsBellowsgg

BellowsBellowsElastomerElastomerM t lM t lMetalMetal

formedformededge weldededge welded

PTFEPTFE

Secondary Seal: PusherSecondary Seal: Pusher

Primary ring moves forward to take up wearPrimary ring moves forward to take up wearOO--ring moves forward with the primary ringring moves forward with the primary ringOO ring moves forward with the primary ringring moves forward with the primary ring

Pushed by the hydraulic and spring pressuresPushed by the hydraulic and spring pressures

Secondary Seal: PusherSecondary Seal: Pusher

Positive drivePositive driveCompact multiple springsCompact multiple springs Optimised cooling flowOptimised cooling flow

Optimised primary ring designOptimised primary ring design

Typical pusher seal Typical pusher seal -- low emission dutieslow emission duties

Pusher Seal: HangPusher Seal: Hang--upup

An An externalexternalexternal external quench quench will will prevent prevent hanghang--upup

Product leakage solidifies / crystallises / polymerisesProduct leakage solidifies / crystallises / polymerisesProduct leakage solidifies / crystallises / polymerisesProduct leakage solidifies / crystallises / polymerisesPrevents oPrevents o--ring pushing forward ring pushing forward -- leakage increasesleakage increases

Pusher Seal: HangPusher Seal: Hang--upup

Or, ensure Or, ensure minimum minimum

clearance hereclearance here

Excessive pressure and / or heat:Excessive pressure and / or heat:Excessive pressure and / or heat:Excessive pressure and / or heat:permanent set or extrusionpermanent set or extrusion

Secondary Seal: OSecondary Seal: O--RingRing

Secondary Seal: OSecondary Seal: O--RingRing

Type 48LP Cartridge SealType 48LP Cartridge Seal

Type 8B1 OType 8B1 O--Ring Pusher SealRing Pusher Seal

Secondary Seal: OSecondary Seal: O--RingsRings

MaterialTypical Trade/

ISO/DIN/Minimum

temperatureMaximum

temperature CommentsMaterial ISO/DIN/Common names

temperature in seals

temperature in seals

Comments

Medium Nitrile NBRBuna N -40°C 100°C General purpose material.

Up to 120°C in hydrocarbons

CR Ideal for refrigeration dutiesChloroprene CRNeoprene -40°C 100°C Ideal for refrigeration duties.

Some specialist applications.

Ethylene Propylene EP; EPR; EPDMNordel™ -40°C 135°C Ideal for water up to 150°C.

Avoid oil/hydrocarbons.

FPM Maximum 135°C in waterFluorocarbon* FPMViton A™ -30°C 200°C Maximum 135 C in water.

Hardens in high temp steam.

Perfluoroelastomer* Isolast HT™ 20°C 315°C Wide range of chemical

Perfluoroelastomer* (Low temp. grades)

FFKM; Isolast™Kalrez™ -20°C 215°C Wide range of chemical

compatibility.

Perfluoroelastomer (High temp. grades)

Isolast HTKalrez™ -20°C 315°C Wide range of chemical

compatibility.

* Note Health and Safety warning* Note Health and Safety warning Note Health and Safety warning Note Health and Safety warning

Secondary Seal: OSecondary Seal: O--ringsrings

FluorocarbonFluorocarbon

** > 275> 275°°C C -- Hydrogen Fluoride gas is a possibilityHydrogen Fluoride gas is a possibility> 316> 316°°C C -- Hydrogen Fluoride gas is a certaintyHydrogen Fluoride gas is a certainty

Open system Open system -- Hydrogen Fluoride vapourHydrogen Fluoride vapourClosed system (e.g., oClosed system (e.g., o--ring groove) condenses to ring groove) condenses to form liquidform liquid Hydrofluoric AcidHydrofluoric Acidform liquid form liquid Hydrofluoric AcidHydrofluoric Acid

Wear Neoprene or PVC glovesWear Neoprene or PVC glovesProtect eyesProtect eyesWash parts in Calcium Hydroxide solutionWash parts in Calcium Hydroxide solution

Secondary Seal: OSecondary Seal: O--ringsrings

Perfluoroelastomer

* > 400°C - Hydrogen Fluoride gas is likely

Open system - Hydrogen Fluoride vapourp y y g pClosed system (e.g., o-ring groove) condenses to

form liquid Hydrofluoric Acid

Wear Neoprene or PVC glovesProtect eyesWash parts in Calcium Hydroxide solution

Stainless Steel Colour ChartStainless Steel Colour Chart

Straw yellowStraw yellow 370 370 –– 425425°°CC

BrownBrown 480 480 –– 540540°°CC

BlueBlue 600600°°CC

BlackBlack 650650°°CC

ALLALL of these are of these are above the danger levelabove the danger level forforFluorocarbon and Perfluoroelastomer materialsFluorocarbon and Perfluoroelastomer materials

Technical ComparisonsTechnical Comparisons

Compression Set after 70 hours at temperatureCompression Set after 70 hours at temperature

8080

9090

Compression Set after 70 hours at temperatureCompression Set after 70 hours at temperature

5050

6060

7070

8080

Kalrez 4079Kalrez 4079CompressionCompression

setset%%

2020

3030

4040 Chemraz 505Chemraz 505

Isolast 9503Isolast 9503

%%

00

1010

204204 218218 232232 246246 260260 °°CC..

400400 425425 450450 475475 500500 °°FF

TemperatureTemperature

400400 425425 450450 475475 500500 FF

Chemical ResistanceChemical Resistance

350350

250250

300300

350350

150150

200200

250250Kalrez 4079Kalrez 4079Kalrez 1050LFKalrez 1050LFKalrez 2035Kalrez 2035

5050

100100

150150Isolast 9503Isolast 9503

00GeneralGeneralChemicalChemical

StrongStrongAcidsAcids

Amines,Amines,AmmoniaAmmonia

Steam,Steam,Hot WaterHot Water

EthyleneEthyleneOxideOxide

PropylenePropyleneOxideOxide

Thermal ExpansionThermal Expansion

0.060.06

m/m

m)

m/m

m)

0.040.04

0.050.05

engt

h (m

men

gth

(mm

0.020.02

0.030.03IsolastIsolastKalrez*Kalrez*

ange

in L

ean

ge in

Le

00

0.010.01

Line

ar C

haLi

near

Cha

3838 9393 150150 204204 240240 260260

Temperature Temperature °°CC

*DuPont registered trademark*DuPont registered trademark

Secondary Seal: WedgeSecondary Seal: Wedge

Secondary Seal: WedgeSecondary Seal: Wedge

PTFE Wedge Seal PTFE Wedge Seal –– Type 109Type 109

Type 109B Wedge Pusher SealType 109B Wedge Pusher Seal

Secondary Seal: ChevronsSecondary Seal: Chevrons

Secondary Seal: Sleeved OSecondary Seal: Sleeved O--RingRing

Secondary Seal: CSecondary Seal: C--RingRing

Secondary Seal: PTFESecondary Seal: PTFE

Material

Minimum temperature

Maximum temperature

in seals in seals

Pure PTFE -40°C 230°C

Glass Filled PTFE 100°C 280°CGlass Filled PTFE -100°C 280°C

Exfoliated Graphite -40°C 500°C

PTFE Sleeved Fluorocarbon -20°C 200°CPTFE Sleeved Fluorocarbon 20 C 200 C

FEP Coated Fluorocarbon -20°C 150°C

Spring Energised Pure PTFE Envelope -20°C 200°CSpring Energised Pure PTFE Envelope 20 C 200 C

Spring Energised Glass Filled PTFE Envelope (Higher pressures) -20°C 200°C

Secondary Seal: PusherSecondary Seal: PusherAdvantagesAdvantages

sudden failure very unlikelysudden failure very unlikely

higher pressure capability higher pressure capability –– Primary Ring not subject to Primary Ring not subject to external stressesexternal stresses

wide choice of materials for all componentswide choice of materials for all components

field repairablefield repairable

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

hanghang--up (not likely where oup (not likely where o--ring is well isolated)ring is well isolated)hanghang up (not likely where oup (not likely where o ring is well isolated)ring is well isolated)

permanent set / pressure problems (cause hangpermanent set / pressure problems (cause hang--up)up)

excellent shaft surface finish requiredexcellent shaft surface finish requiredexcellent shaft surface finish requiredexcellent shaft surface finish required

maximum temperature ~260maximum temperature ~260°°CC

Secondary Seal: NonSecondary Seal: Non--PusherPusherNo contact hereNo contact here

Elastomer Bellows grips shaft tightlyElastomer Bellows grips shaft tightly

Secondary Seal: NonSecondary Seal: Non--PusherPusher

Bellows flexes to take up wear, misalignment and axial playBellows flexes to take up wear, misalignment and axial playFine machined shaft surface requiredFine machined shaft surface requiredFine machined shaft surface requiredFine machined shaft surface required

Do not use “good” lubricant Do not use “good” lubricant -- never use silicon greasenever use silicon grease

Elastomer Bellows SealElastomer Bellows Seal

Elastomer Bellows SealsElastomer Bellows Seals

HandsHands--on Exerciseon Exercise

Assemble a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows SealAssemble a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows SealAssemble a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows SealAssemble a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

..

Elastomer Bellows SealElastomer Bellows Seal

TwoTwo--Ply Rolled Metal BellowsPly Rolled Metal Bellows

Rolled Twin Ply BellowsRolled Twin Ply Bellows

Twin ply tube formed into bellowsTwin ply tube formed into bellowsp yp y

Additional benefits of SaflexAdditional benefits of Saflex

Higher pressuresHigher pressures

up to 30 bar gup to 30 bar g

Open convolutionsOpen convolutionspp

better on solids, food & pharmaceuticalsbetter on solids, food & pharmaceuticals

Higher torsional strengthHigher torsional strength

Ideal for specialsIdeal for specialsd a o sp a sd a o sp a s

minimal toolingminimal tooling

Any size up to 18” (or possibly more)Any size up to 18” (or possibly more)

Technical details Technical details -- GL1BGL1B

DIN 24960 LDIN 24960 L1K1K

ANSIANSI

metric / inchmetric / inchmetric / inchmetric / inch

230 psi (16 bar)230 psi (16 bar)

up to 480up to 480°°F (250F (250°°C)C)

5/8” to 4”5/8” to 4”

up to 4500 rpmup to 4500 rpmup to 4500 rpmup to 4500 rpm

Edge Welded Metal BellowsEdge Welded Metal Bellows

Bellows DesignBellows DesignThe inside 45The inside 45°° Tilt Angle Tilt Angle developed for the NASA developed for the NASA space program.space program.

Drastically reduces the Drastically reduces the t t th ld dt t th ld dstresses at the weld and stresses at the weld and

heat affected zoneheat affected zone

This has been proven onThis has been proven onThis has been proven on This has been proven on test with fatigue failures test with fatigue failures

occurring away from occurring away from ldldweldweld

Bellows DesignBellows Design

Why is the 45Why is the 45°° angle at the inside edge only?angle at the inside edge only?

The seals a e designed fo e te nal p ess eThe seals a e designed fo e te nal p ess eThe seals are designed for external pressure.The seals are designed for external pressure.

The outside weld is not so critical The outside weld is not so critical -- the pressure the pressure forces the plates together on the outside andforces the plates together on the outside andforces the plates together on the outside and forces the plates together on the outside and

apart on the insideapart on the inside

Edge Welded Metal BellowsEdge Welded Metal Bellows

Low Temperature SealsLow Temperature Seals

Type 680 Type 680 -- Alloy 20 BellowsAlloy 20 Bellows

Type 670 Type 670 -- Hastelloy CHastelloy C--276 Bellows276 Bellows

Type 675 Type 675 -- Titanium BellowsTitanium Bellows

Type 676Type 676 -- AM 350 BellowsAM 350 BellowsType 676 Type 676 AM 350 BellowsAM 350 Bellows

Edge Welded Metal BellowsEdge Welded Metal Bellows

Type 680: Alloy 20 Type 680: Alloy 20 -- 8 convolutions8 convolutions

Temperature:Temperature: --75ºC to 200ºC75ºC to 200ºCPressure:Pressure: vacuum to 20 bar gvacuum to 20 bar gSpeed:Speed: to 25 m/sto 25 m/s

Size RangeSize Range3/4” to 3.5/8”3/4” to 3.5/8”

18 mm to 100 mm18 mm to 100 mm Speed:Speed: to 25 m/sto 25 m/s18 mm to 100 mm18 mm to 100 mm

Edge Welded Metal BellowsEdge Welded Metal Bellows

Type 670: Alloy CType 670: Alloy C--276 276 -- 12 convolutions12 convolutions

Size RangeSize Range3/4” to 7”3/4” to 7”

18 mm to 150 mm18 mm to 150 mm

Temperature:Temperature: --75ºC to 200ºC75ºC to 200ºCPressure:Pressure: vacuum to 20 bar gvacuum to 20 bar gSpeed:Speed: to 25 m/sto 25 m/s18 mm to 150 mm18 mm to 150 mm Speed:Speed: to 25 m/sto 25 m/s

Type 670 Welded Bellows SealType 670 Welded Bellows Seal

Edge Welded Metal BellowsEdge Welded Metal Bellows

High Temperature SealsHigh Temperature Seals

Type 609 Type 609 -- Rotating Narrow Cross SectionRotating Narrow Cross Section

Type 606Type 606 -- Rotating Seal with Drive LugsRotating Seal with Drive LugsType 606 Type 606 Rotating Seal with Drive LugsRotating Seal with Drive Lugs

Type 604 Type 604 –– Stationary SealStationary Seal

Edge Welded Metal BellowsEdge Welded Metal Bellows

Type 609Type 609

Size RangeSize Range1” to 4”1” to 4”

25 mm to 100 mm25 mm to 100 mm

Temperature:Temperature: --75ºC to 425ºC75ºC to 425ºCPressure:Pressure: vacuum to 20 bar gvacuum to 20 bar g

(up to 65 bar g with double(up to 65 bar g with double--ply)ply)25 mm to 100 mm25 mm to 100 mm ( p g( p g p y)p y)

Speed:Speed: to 25 m/sto 25 m/s

Type 609 Edge Welded BellowsType 609 Edge Welded Bellows

DoubleDouble--Ply Welded BellowsPly Welded Bellows

Edge Welded Metal BellowsEdge Welded Metal Bellows

Type 606Type 606

Size RangeSize Range3/4” to 3.3/4”3/4” to 3.3/4”

19 mm to 95 mm19 mm to 95 mm

Temperature:Temperature: --75ºC to 425ºC75ºC to 425ºCPressure:Pressure: vacuum to 20 bar gvacuum to 20 bar g

(up to 65 bar g with double(up to 65 bar g with double--ply)ply)19 mm to 95 mm19 mm to 95 mm ( p g( p g p y)p y)

Speed:Speed: to 25 m/sto 25 m/s

Type 606 Edge Welded BellowsType 606 Edge Welded Bellows

Rotating High Temperature SealRotating High Temperature Seal

Edge Welded Metal BellowsEdge Welded Metal Bellows

Type 604Type 604

Size RangeSize Range3/4” to 4.5/8”3/4” to 4.5/8”

and 5 3/8”and 5 3/8”

Temperature:Temperature: --75ºC to 425ºC75ºC to 425ºCPressure:Pressure: vacuum to 20 bar gvacuum to 20 bar g

(up to 65 bar g with double(up to 65 bar g with double--ply)ply)and 5.3/8and 5.3/8 ( p g( p g p y)p y)

Speed:Speed: to 50 m/sto 50 m/s

Type 604 Seal HeadType 604 Seal Head

Edge Welded Metal BellowsEdge Welded Metal Bellows

Steam quench Steam quench first cleans bellows,first cleans bellows, then running faces,then running faces, then back to drainthen back to drain

Type 604 CartridgeType 604 Cartridge

Secondary Seal: NonSecondary Seal: Non--PusherPusher

SummarySummary

No movement hereNo movement hereNo contact hereNo contact here

Bellows expands to take up wearBellows expands to take up wearNo contact hereNo contact here

Secondary Seal: Metal BellowsSecondary Seal: Metal Bellows

Bellows MaterialsBellows MaterialsI l XI l X 750 d 718750 d 718Inconel XInconel X--750 and 718750 and 718Alloy CAlloy C--276 (e.g., Hastelloy C)276 (e.g., Hastelloy C)AM350 Stainless SteelAM350 Stainless SteelAM350 Stainless SteelAM350 Stainless SteelAlloy 20Alloy 20TitaniumTitaniumTitaniumTitanium

Shaft Seal MaterialsShaft Seal Materials

OO--rings rings -- full range, details as beforefull range, details as beforeExfoliated GraphiteExfoliated Graphite

~500~500°°CC

Secondary Seal: Metal BellowsSecondary Seal: Metal Bellows

AdvantagesAdvantagestemperatures to 425temperatures to 425°°C (or more)C (or more)temperatures to 425temperatures to 425 C (or more)C (or more)no hangno hang--upupnonnon--cloggingclogginghygienichygienicfine machined shaft surface acceptablefine machined shaft surface acceptableelastomer bellows are rugged yet low costelastomer bellows are rugged yet low costelastomer bellows are rugged yet low costelastomer bellows are rugged yet low cost

DisadvantagesDisadvantagessudden failure possible, though unlikelysudden failure possible, though unlikely

(“flashing” or mis(“flashing” or mis--alignment)alignment)

not field repairablenot field repairablenot field repairablenot field repairablemaximum pressure 35 bar g maximum pressure 35 bar g (2(2--ply to 65 bar g)ply to 65 bar g)

Secondary Seal: PTFE BellowsSecondary Seal: PTFE Bellows

Secondary Seal: PTFE BellowsSecondary Seal: PTFE Bellows

Secondary Seal: PTFE BellowsSecondary Seal: PTFE Bellows

Type 10TType 10TType 10TType 10T

Type 10RType 10R

Secondary Seal: LeadSecondary Seal: Lead--in in

Seal Type (Example Only) Seal Size Y mm

Unbalanced Pusher Seals Up to 65 mm 2.5 mm

Unbalanced Pusher Seals Above 65 mm 4.0 mm

Elastomer Bellows Up to 26 mm 5.0 mm

Elastomer Bellows 26 mm — 60 mm 6.5 mm

Elastomer Bellows Above 60 mm 8.0 mm

For “Y” dimension see individual seal fitting instructionsFor “Y” dimension see individual seal fitting instructions

S lf AS lf ASelf AssessmentSelf Assessment

Questions / AnswersQuestions / Answers

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Question 1Question 1

Name the devices used Name the devices used OO--ringsringsfor Secondary Sealingfor Secondary Sealing PTFE Sealing RingsPTFE Sealing Rings

WedgesWedges

ChevronsChevrons

OthersOthers

BellowsBellowsBellowsBellowsElastomerElastomer

MetalMetalMetalMetal

PTFEPTFE

Packing RingsPacking Ringsg gg gExfoliated graphiteExfoliated graphite

Question 2Question 2

OO--rings are often used rings are often used Marginal flexibilityMarginal flexibilityas Secondary Seals. as Secondary Seals. What, if any, are their What, if any, are their drawbacks?drawbacks?

ExtrusionExtrusion

HangHang--upupdrawbacks?drawbacks?

Permanent setPermanent set

Temperature limitsTemperature limitsHF acid possibleHF acid possible

Question 3Question 3

Using a Bellows type Using a Bellows type The bellows expands or The bellows expands or Secondary Seal, Secondary Seal, describe how the describe how the component adjusts andcomponent adjusts and

flexesflexes

There is no relative There is no relative movement on themovement on thecomponent adjusts and component adjusts and

compensates for compensates for primary ring wear or primary ring wear or

movement on the movement on the shaft/sleeve.shaft/sleeve.

movement.movement.

Question 4Question 4

With a Wedge Ring With a Wedge Ring d i f l thd i f l th

TrueTruedesign of seal, the design of seal, the Primary Ring rocks on Primary Ring rocks on the nose of the wedge the nose of the wedge ggto take up any to take up any misalignment.misalignment.

True / FalseTrue / False

Mechanical SealMechanical SealMechanical Seal Mechanical Seal TheoryTheory

Tertiary Seal / Mating Tertiary Seal / Mating RingsRings

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Basic Mechanical SealBasic Mechanical Seal

238238238

Secondary SealSecondary SealPrimary SealPrimary Seal

Tertiary SealTertiary Seal

Tertiary SealTertiary SealFour basic typesFour basic types

OO--ringsringsOO ringsringselastomerselastomers

Sealing Rings (square / rectangular section)Sealing Rings (square / rectangular section)g g ( q / g )g g ( q / g )PTFEPTFEgraphitegraphite

Cup RingsCup Ringselastomerselastomers

Gaskets or Flat JointsGaskets or Flat JointsPTFEPTFE

d fibd fibcompressed fibre.compressed fibre.

Tertiary SealTertiary Seal

P t l k d ti iP t l k d ti iPrevents leakage round mating ringPrevents leakage round mating ring

Sometimes also prevents rotationSometimes also prevents rotation

Tertiary Seal: OTertiary Seal: O--ringring

Tertiary Seal: OTertiary Seal: O--ringring

Tertiary Seal: OTertiary Seal: O--ringring

Tertiary Seal: OTertiary Seal: O--ringring

Tertiary Seal: OTertiary Seal: O--ringring

Tertiary Seal: Rectangular RingTertiary Seal: Rectangular Ring

Tertiary Seal: Rectangular RingTertiary Seal: Rectangular Ring

Tertiary Seal: Rectangular RingTertiary Seal: Rectangular Ring

PTFE or GraphitePTFE or Graphite

Tertiary Seal: Cup RubberTertiary Seal: Cup Rubber

Tertiary Seal: GasketTertiary Seal: Gasket

Mating RingsMating Rings

A / AGA / AG

P / PG / PPP / PG / PP

Mating RingsMating Rings

BOBOBOBO

BP / 248XBP / 248X

Mating RingsMating Rings

N / NGN / NG

W / WGW / WG

WMWM

Mating RingsMating Rings

V / VMV / VM

U / UMU / UM

Special Mating RingsSpecial Mating RingsCECE

SCSC

BCBC

BDBD

S lf AS lf ASelf AssessmentSelf Assessment

Questions / AnswersQuestions / Answers

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Question 1Question 1

Describe the basic Describe the basic To prevent leakage To prevent leakage purpose of the ‘Tertiary’ purpose of the ‘Tertiary’ sealseal

round the mating ringround the mating ring

Also in some Also in some applicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplications

Prevent rotation of Prevent rotation of stationary mating ringstationary mating ringy g gy g g

Cushion mating ring Cushion mating ring from distortionfrom distortion

Question 2Question 2

Name the forms of Name the forms of ‘T ti ’ li‘T ti ’ li

OO--ringsrings‘Tertiary’ sealing ‘Tertiary’ sealing components?components?

elastomerselastomersSeat Rings Seat Rings (square or (square or rectangular section)rectangular section)g )g )

PTFEPTFEgraphitegraphite

C RiC RiCup RingsCup Ringselastomerselastomers

Gaskets or Flat JointsGaskets or Flat JointsGaskets or Flat JointsGaskets or Flat JointsPTFEPTFEcompressed fibre.compressed fibre.

Question 3Question 3

Explain why the oExplain why the o--ring ring If mating ring is made If mating ring is made groove is sometimes groove is sometimes machined into the machined into the mating ring housingmating ring housing

from hard materials from hard materials such as tungsten such as tungsten carbide or siliconcarbide or siliconmating ring housing mating ring housing

rather than the mating rather than the mating ring itself.ring itself.

carbide or silicon carbide or silicon carbide. Easier to carbide. Easier to machine accurate machine accurate groove into stainless groove into stainless steel. steel.

Question 4Question 4

What item is essential What item is essential i th ti ii th ti i

AntiAnti--rotation pinrotation pinin the mating ring in the mating ring housing when using housing when using PTFE or exfoliated PTFE or exfoliated graphite tertiary seals?graphite tertiary seals?

Question 5Question 5

To install a PTFE To install a PTFE t ti l h ldt ti l h ld

First install it onto the First install it onto the ti i th l itti i th l ittertiary seal, should you tertiary seal, should you

heat it up to soften it, heat it up to soften it, or cool it down to shrink or cool it down to shrink

mating ring, then cool it mating ring, then cool it down (cold running down (cold running water tap or place water tap or place

it?it?p pp p

refrigerator) to ease refrigerator) to ease installation into the installation into the mating ring housingmating ring housingmating ring housing.mating ring housing.

HandsHands--on Exerciseon Exercise

Fit a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows SealFit a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows SealFit a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows SealFit a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

Fitting a John CraneFitting a John CraneType 2Type 2Type 2Type 2

Elastomer Bellows SealElastomer Bellows Seal

Type 2 Elastomer Bellows SealType 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal'X''X'L3L3

GasketGasket

22 1133

L3L3

= Scribed datum lines= Scribed datum lines

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)

1 Scribe first datum line (1) on shaft.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)

2 Remove shaft from seal chamber.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘X’‘X’

Gasket

3 Measure dimension ‘X’

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘X’

(1)(2)

4 Scribe line (2) ‘X’ mm inboard of line (1)

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘X’

(1)(2)(3)

L3

5 Scribe line (3) L3 mm inboard of line (2),L3 is the working length of the seal unit (See Fitting Instructions).

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)(2)(3)

6 E t ithd ffi i tl t l h ft d6 Ensure setscrews are withdrawn sufficiently to clear shaft and slide abutment ring into position abutting line (3).

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)(2)(3)

7 Ti ht t d i ft l b i t lid7 Tighten setscrews and, using soft soap as a lubricant, slide seal unit along shaft until it touches abutment ring.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)(2)(3)

8 Replace shaft / seal in seal chamber. Ensure Primary Ring and Mating Ring are perfectly clean and dry.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)(2)(3)

9 Insert gland plate into seal chamber.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)(2)(3)

L3

10 Insert and evenly tighten 4 bolts, gently compressing seal to its working length (L3).

Fitting a Type 2Fitting a Type 2Elastomer Bellows SealElastomer Bellows Seal

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)

1 Lightly scribe first datum line (1) on shaft.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)

2 Dismantle pump – remove seal chamber.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘X’

GasketGasket

3 Fit Mating Ring into Gland Plate.Measure dimension ‘X’.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘X’

(2)(1) (2)

4 Scribe line (2) ‘X’ mm outboard of line (1).

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘Z’‘Z’

Note this dimension from line (3) to Note this dimension from line (3) to end of shaft or a shaft step.end of shaft or a shaft step.

‘Z’‘Z’

‘X’

(2)(1)(3) (2)

L3

5 Scribe line (3) L3 mm inboard of line (2),L3 is the working length of the seal unit (See Fitting Instructions).

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

Lubricate shaft with suitable lubricantOn single-ended pumps, first slide gland plate onto shaft, taking care not to damage the mating ring

(2)

Suitable pushing sleeve

(1)(3) (2)

6 Pushing on the tail of the bellows, slide seal head into position, passed line (3). NB: Spring and Locating Ring removed.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(2)(1)(3) (2)

7 Replace spring and spring locating ring.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘Z’‘Z’

Check this dimension from line (3) Check this dimension from line (3) to end of shaft or a shaft step.to end of shaft or a shaft step.

‘Z’‘Z’

(2)(1)(3) (2)

8 Ensure setscrews are withdrawn sufficiently to clear shaft and slide abutment ring into position abutting line (3).

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(2)(1)(3) (2)

9 Check ring is square. Tighten setscrews. Refit seal chamber. Ensure lapped faces are perfectly clean & dry.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(2)(1)(3) (2)

10 Insert gland plate into seal chamber.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(2)(1) (2)(3)

L3

11 Insert and evenly tighten 4 bolts, gently compressing seal to its working length (L3).

Pump AssemblyPump AssemblyPump Assembly Pump Assembly ChecksChecks

Tolerances to give Tolerances to give extended seal lifeextended seal life

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Shaft/Sleeve Maximum Shaft/Sleeve Secondary Seal Diametral

Tolerance Ovality Surface Finish Description

PTFE Pusher Seals ±0.05 mm 0.025 mm 0.1-0.25 µm Ra Ground and polished free from any machining marks

Elastomer O-Ring Pusher Seals ±0.05 mm 0.05 mm 0.3-0.6 µm Ra Polished free from any

machining marks

Elastomer Bellows ±0.05 mm 0.10 mm 0.8-1.2 µm Ra Fine machined. High quality finish is undesirable

PTFE Bellows ±0.05 mm 0.05 mm 0.8-1.2 µm Ra Fine machined. High quality finish is undesirable

Metal Bellows ±0.05 mm 0.05 mm 1.2 µm Ra or better Fine machined or better

Cartridge Seals ±0.05 mm 0.05 mm 1.2 µm Ra or better Fine machined or better

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Rotating assembly correctly balancedRotating assembly correctly balancedRotating assembly correctly balancedRotating assembly correctly balancedVDI 2060 and ISO 1940VDI 2060 and ISO 1940

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Shaft should be straightShaft should be straightMaximum TIR 0 05 mmMaximum TIR 0 05 mmMaximum TIR 0.05 mmMaximum TIR 0.05 mm

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Shaft run outShaft run out1450 0 08 TIR 2900 0 05 TIR1450 0 08 TIR 2900 0 05 TIR1450 rpm 0.08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0.05 mm TIR1450 rpm 0.08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0.05 mm TIR

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Axial and radial bearing clearancesAxial and radial bearing clearances1450 0 08 TIR 2900 0 05 TIR1450 0 08 TIR 2900 0 05 TIR1450 rpm 0.08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0.05 mm TIR1450 rpm 0.08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0.05 mm TIR

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

As square as possibleAs square as possible1450 rpm 0 08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0 05 mm TIR1450 rpm 0 08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0 05 mm TIR1450 rpm 0.08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0.05 mm TIR1450 rpm 0.08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0.05 mm TIR

> 8,000,000 times a day> 8,000,000 times a day

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Clearance in bore of stationary face = 0.4 to 0.5 mmClearance in bore of stationary face = 0.4 to 0.5 mmSt ffi B t i ithi 0 15 TIRSt ffi B t i ithi 0 15 TIRStuffing Box concentric within 0.15 mm TIRStuffing Box concentric within 0.15 mm TIR

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Check seal area Check seal area andand coupling shaft endcoupling shaft end1450 pm 0 08 mm TIR 2900 pm 0 05 mm TIR1450 pm 0 08 mm TIR 2900 pm 0 05 mm TIR1450 rpm 0.08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0.05 mm TIR1450 rpm 0.08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0.05 mm TIR

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Check coupling alignmentCheck coupling alignment accuratelyaccuratelyCheck coupling alignment Check coupling alignment accuratelyaccuratelyWhich method do Which method do youyou use?use?

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Accurately align Accurately align pipe workpipe workpipe workpipe work

Pipe strain will Pipe strain will cause premature cause premature seal and bearing seal and bearing failurefailurefailurefailure

1 hour spent 1 hour spent ppaligning pipe work aligning pipe work = 1 year extra seal = 1 year extra seal lifliflife.life.

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Attach piping to the correct connectionsAttach piping to the correct connections

Pump Assembly ChecksPump Assembly Checks

Shaft surface must be in good condition:Shaft surface must be in good condition:gg

no pits, scratches or no pits, scratches or grubscrew marksgrubscrew marks

fine machined or better for nonfine machined or better for non--pusher sealspusher seals

d d li h d ith hi id d li h d ith hi iground and polished with no machiningground and polished with no machining

marks for pusher sealsmarks for pusher seals

No pipe strain.No pipe strain.

HandsHands--on Exerciseon Exercise

A bl d Fit T 109 PTFE W d S lA bl d Fit T 109 PTFE W d S lAssemble and Fit a Type 109 PTFE Wedge SealAssemble and Fit a Type 109 PTFE Wedge Seal

Fitting a Type 109Fitting a Type 109PTFE Wedge SealPTFE Wedge SealPTFE Wedge SealPTFE Wedge Seal

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

(1)

1 Scribe first datum line (1) on shaft.

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

(1)

2 Remove shaft from seal chamber.

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

‘X’‘X’

Gasket

3 Measure dimension ‘X’.

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

‘X’

(1)(2)

4 Scribe line (2) ‘X’ mm inboard of line (1).

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

‘X’

(1)(2)(3)

L3

5 Scribe line (3) L3 mm inboard of line (2),L3 is the working length of the seal unit (see Fitting Instructions).

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

(1)(2)(3)

6 Ensure setscrews are withdrawn sufficiently to clear shaft and slide seal into position abutting line (3).

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

(1)(2)(3)

7 Tighten setscrews and replace shaft / seal in seal chamber. Ensure running faces are perfectly clean and dry.

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

‘A’

(1)(2)(3)

8 Insert gland plate into seal chamber. Check gap ‘A’.

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

(1)(2)(3)

L3

9 Insert and evenly tighten 4 bolts, gently compressing seal to its working length (L3).

Holding Clips Holding Clips -- Wedge SealsWedge Seals

Holding Clips Holding Clips -- Wedge SealsWedge Seals