A Power-Aware Cloud Architecture with Smart Metering

Che-Yuan Tu, Wen-Chieh Kuo,

Yao-Tsung Wang, Wei-Hua Teng, Steven Shiau

Software Technology Division

National Center for High-Performance Computing

Outline ClassCloud – Cloud in PC Classrooms Smart Metering System Experiment Design & Discussion Conclusion Q&A

The ClassCloud Project

What is ClassCloud ?ClassCloud helps to easily build economical Cloud infrastructure in

PC classrooms !

The Cloud Architecture in thePC Classro o ms

The software stack

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Config. FilesConfig. FilesEx. hostnameEx. hostnameConfig. FilesConfig. FilesEx. hostnameEx. hostname

Linux KernelLinux KernelLinux KernelLinux KernelKernel ModuleKernel ModuleKernel ModuleKernel Module

GNU LibcGNU LibcGNU LibcGNU Libc

Boot LoaderBoot LoaderBoot LoaderBoot Loader

DHCPDDHCPDDHCPDDHCPDTFTPDTFTPDTFTPDTFTPDNFSNFSNFSNFS YPYPYPYPNISNISNISNISSSHDSSHDSSHDSSHD

PXEPXEPXEPXE

The DRBL Architecture

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IP 1IP 1 IP 2IP 2 IP 3IP 3 IP 4IP 4

IP 1IP 1IP 1IP 1pxelinuxpxelinuxpxelinuxpxelinuxvmlinuzvmlinuzvmlinuzvmlinuzinitrdinitrdinitrdinitrd

IP 2IP 2IP 2IP 2pxelinuxpxelinuxpxelinuxpxelinuxvmlinuzvmlinuzvmlinuzvmlinuzinitrdinitrdinitrdinitrd

IP 3IP 3IP 3IP 3pxelinuxpxelinuxpxelinuxpxelinuxvmlinuzvmlinuzvmlinuzvmlinuzinitrdinitrdinitrdinitrd

IP 4IP 4IP 4IP 4pxelinuxpxelinuxpxelinuxpxelinuxvmlinuzvmlinuzvmlinuzvmlinuzinitrdinitrdinitrdinitrd

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Config. 1Config. 1 Config. 2Config. 2 Config. 3Config. 3 Config. 4Config. 4

Config. FilesConfig. FilesEx. hostnameEx. hostnameConfig. FilesConfig. FilesEx. hostnameEx. hostname

Smart Metering System

What is Arduino ?

It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board.

Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs.

Reference: http://arduino.cc/

Arduino is a platform

Multiple physical Input / Output board (I/Os) with a programmable Integrated Circuit (IC).

Reference: http://arduino.cc/

Why Arduino ?

Elasticity Multiple transmission protocol Lots of sensors and actuators support It can work with both Digital and Analogue

electronic signals.

Extensibility Lots of electrical components and modules support Multiple I/O support

Cost It’s cheap!

The Smart Metering System

Calculation Model

10ACIn

DCOutI

V =

DCOutVVAD5

1024=

VDCOut: DC voltage output from Current Transducer

IACIn: AC current input from power line

VAD:The Transformed value from Arduino ADC

The first step is to transform the measured AC current into DC voltage via the current transducer, so it converts measured AC current at the range from 0 to 50(A) into DC voltage ranged from 0 to 5(V) proportionally.

The second transformation step is to convert the value of VDCOut at the range from 0 to 5(V) from analog into digital within the ranges from 0 to 1023.

Calculation Model cont.

VADI ACIn 1024

50=

5

50

1024

5)( ××= ArduinoValueACurrent

ValueArduino:Output value from Arduino

IACIn: AC current input from power line

VAD:The Transformed value from Arduino ADC

The third step is to convert the value of VAD back into the IACIn.

Full equation.

Experiment Design &

Discussion

Experiment Architecture

1 Smart Metering System Arduino board Current Transducers

1 Cloud server 15 Diskless physical clients

Experiment Cases

2 computer animated films – Open source project Big Buck Bunny Elephant Dream

3 CPU Frequencies(1.6, 2.4 & Dynamic) + 8 throttling levels (T0 ~ T7)

Open source tools: cpufreqd, FFmpeg

Experiment Conclusion #1

Diskless + PMtools

Experiment Conclusion #2

Diskless + PMtools

Some pictures …

Conclusion

(DRBL + PMtools + RAM disk) help to save 4% to 11% energy consumption from CPU intensive-application (video transcoding).

The Arduino platform is a good choice for customizing your own smart metering device.

This Cloud architecture and smart metering system are suitable power saving solution for computing centers or PC Classrooms.

Questions ?