3 15 ipm start pests virus & fungs
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Horticulture
Plant: OsteospermumTerm: Integrated Pest
Management
![Page 2: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Osteospermum “asti”African Daisy
• Annual in Va, flowering herbaceous• Height: 12-18 in. Spacing: 24-36 in.• Hardiness: USDA Zone 10a to 11• Sun Exposure: Full Sun• Bloom Color: White, lavender, apricot• Bloom Time: Late Spring to Early Fall• New plant not a lot of growing information
out on it yet.
![Page 3: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
IPM – Integrated Pest ManagementIPM – Integrated Pest Management
• Pest management Pest management is integrated into all is integrated into all growing practicesgrowing practices
• Use the safest Use the safest chemicals possible chemicals possible and only when and only when requiredrequired
• Focuses on preemptive Focuses on preemptive strategies and cultural strategies and cultural & biological controls& biological controls
![Page 4: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
IPM
• Use current information on the life cycles of pests and their interaction with the environment.
• Manage pest damage by the most economical means
• Least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.
• Avoid injury to the host & to other desirable plants & animals
![Page 5: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Seven steps to IPM
1. Prevention: – an oz of prevention = a lb of cure2. If you have damage, find what is causing it.3. Identify the pest and research their lifecycle4. Determine when to intervene: $$$5. Research management options6. Implement management strategy7. Keep records on effectiveness of different
methods.
![Page 6: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Prevention
• Use resistant plant varieties• Buy from a reputable dealer/grower• Inspect plants before bringing them into
the greenhouse• Do not allow weeds to grow in the
greenhouse or around the outside
![Page 7: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Prevention
• Be careful of “pet” plants• Clean thoroughly between crops• Use only sterile medium & containers• Use insect screening• Hose ends must be kept off of the floor at
all times
![Page 8: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Scouting
• Inspect plants with a hand lens – especially buds & the undersides of leaves
• Pick 10 plants per bench• Use sticky cards
– change them weekly– Use different color cards to attract different pests
• Look for signs of insects– Honeydew - spittle– Black sooty powder– Webs or Cotton-like balls– Bore holes or off-color spots
![Page 9: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cultural practices
• Keep plants healthy – more capable of defending against damage
• Avoid watering late in the day• Don’t over fertilize• Keep crops spaced appropriately for good
air circulation• Ventilate or heat at night to decrease
humidity
![Page 10: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What if you still get pests?
• Determine the damage threshold• Remove heavily infested plants rather
than trying to “save” them.• Use biological controls
– Predator insects– Nematodes/parasites– Work better on “longer term” crops
![Page 11: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
If that doesn’t work?
• Use chemical controls– Read the label carefully– Be aware of legal implications
• Biorational Pesticides– Use the least toxic chemical – Know the mode of action of the chemical and
the life-stage that it is effective against– Rotate chemicals to prevent resistance
![Page 12: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What is a Pest?
• Diseases• Insects• Nematodes/slugs• Weeds• Rodents/Deer
![Page 13: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Disease
• Viral – mosaic – plant resistant varieties• Fungal - Spores
– Botrytis– Damping Off– Cytospora– Powdery Mildew– Phytophthora – Fairy Ring
![Page 14: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Botrytis
• Affects fruit plants• Causes serious economic damage to
grapes, apples & strawberries• Sanitation:
– Remove all diseased parts – Sterilize tools
![Page 15: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Damping Off
• Caused by Pythium fungus• Problem for new seedlings• Causes seedlings to rot at the soil line and
fail. • Can be prevented by using sterile media
and clean pots
![Page 16: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cytospora
• Poplars, spruce, silver maple, apple, peach and cherry trees are highly susceptible
• Sanitation: – Remove all diseased parts – Sterilize tools
• Stressed plants are damaged the most
![Page 17: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Powdery Mildew
• Common on grapes, squashes• Zinnias outside have it bad• Does best in dry climates• Late summer problem• Increase air circulation• Treatments to prevent but not cure• Dispose of diseased foliage
![Page 18: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fairy Ring
• Mushroom type fungus• Treatment
– Aerate– Water & fertilize to encourage grass
competition
• Fungicides are not effective
![Page 19: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Phytophthora
• Bark fungus - dogwoods, oaks & hardwood trees & shrubs
• Sanitation: – Remove all diseased parts – Sterilize tools
![Page 20: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Types of Soils
• Particle Size– Sand– Silt– Clay
• Soil Classification– Sandy Soil– Clayey Soil– Loamy Soil
![Page 21: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Today
• Each table conduct tests:• Soil fertility: N-P-K & pH• Soil texture
– Hand method– Suspension method
• Largest particles (sand) sinks 1st• Silt layer sinks next• Smallest particles (clay) stays in suspension
• Just need 2 of 3 particles to figure texture
![Page 22: 3 15 Ipm Start Pests Virus & Fungs](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020218/5596e8bb1a28ab2b0f8b45de/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)