2teaching principles

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Teaching Principles II

In the following, we are going to talk about seven principles of a good teaching.In every principles we are going to use its description, name and even a briefintroduction of its application in a real class or out of the class. If you are a teacheryou know or you will notice that principles are really important not just in the life,but rather in a classroom because this is way how you will have an effective class,principles are thought, ideas that guide you in order to have a good class. In thispaper we are going to talk about these teaching principles:

1. Good practice encourages interaction between students and faculty.2. Good practice encourages interaction and collaboration between

students .3. Good practice uses active learning techniques.4. Good practice emphasizes time on task.5. Good practice gives prompt feedback.6. Good practice communicates high expectations.7. Good practice respects diversity --- talents, experience, and ways of

learning (Ehrmann, 1996)

TeachingPrinciples.

Principle sDescriptions. How I will apply them.

Good practiceencouragesinteraction

betweenstudents and

faculty.

Frequent student-faculty contact in andout of class is a mostimportant factor instudent motivationand involvement.

Faculty concern helpsstudents get throughrough times and keep

on working.Knowing a few

faculty members wellenhances students

intellectual

commitment andencourages them to

think about theirown values and

plans. (Ehrmann,1996).

One of the important things in a class is theinteraction between students and teachersand not just in the class, if we can realizethe description of this principles says: inand out so, we need to develop other

ways of interaction among them and ateacher.

Every teacher knows that if you have agood relation with your students, yourteaching process is going to be successfulbecause this is way how they are not goingto be afraid and they will ask questions ordoubts about a homework, a task in theclass or maybe a topic.

There are many ways how I can apply thisprinciples. One of things that we have totake in account that every method that weuse in a class has its principles, so beforewe plan a class we need to know about themethods, for instance: Total physicalresponse, in this method exist a little


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Teaching Principles III

interaction between student and teacher.On the other hand, how we can apply thisprinciple out of the class is with the use oftechnology, because this can facilitate usthe contact with student, I can give them asan example: my e-mail or another site that Ican use, nowadays, remember that existthis important resource and it is close to us.In this form we can encourage our studentin their leaning process.

There are many ways how I can apply thisprinciple, as a teacher just some examplesin the school: I can get early to the class andstart a conversation with them, or in the

class starting a discussion with them aboutany topic.

Good practiceencouragesinteraction

andcollaboration

betweenstudents.

Learning is enhancedwhen it is more like a

team effort than asolo race. Good

learning, like goodwork, is collaborativeand social, not

competitive andisolated. Workingwith others often

increasesinvolvement in

learning. Sharingones ideas and

resp onding to othersimproves thinking

and deepensunderstanding.

(Ehrmann, 1996)

The most common way that we use as ateacher in the class is to work as a wholegroup in this way we do not get a successin the class first we are not applying thisprinciple, there is a big difference betweengroup and a team according: (Attribution-ShareAlike., 2012) A group is informal and

meets to solve short-term problems. A teamsolves long- term problems and includesmore coordination and structure.As the description says in this principle themain goal is the interaction andcollaboration between students, and this isthe responsibility that as a teacher we needto solve.

There is more learning when students workby them because they can apply what theyhave learned before.One of the strategy is to make groups smallgroups and then to teach them and worksas a team following the same goal asstudents where they can learn.

One of the method that I will apply is the


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Teaching Principles IV

community language learning because thisis one way where they can collaborate andinteract with each one. Communitylanguage learning is an approach in whichstudents work together to develop whataspects of a language they would like tolearn and the teacher works as a counsellor.(Rogers, 2000)

This is just one example of methods thatexist in order to teach languages. Otherform to work and they can work together isthat I can give them exercises in group,presentations or maybe in a real situationwhere they need the support each other.

There is one important thing mentioned inthis description and it is that learning ismuch better when is social and it is notcompetitive. In this case I would handlewith this talking with my students andreflecting that as student we need thesupporting of our classmates andremember that we are learning a secondlanguage and English is not spoken in this

country so the only place that we have isthe classroom with our classmates and theteacher.

Good practiceuses active

learningtechniques.

Learning is not aspectator sport.

Students do not learnmuch just sitting inclasses listening to

teachers, memorizingprepackaged

assignments, andspitting out answers.They must talk about

what they arelearning, write

reflectively about it,relate it to past

experiences, and

Active learning techniques mean that as ateacher we need to use techniques that areimportant and have a meaning leaning. Asa teaching in my teaching practice I woulduse things that are important for studentfor example one thing that is really relevantfor student is to work in group, as Imentioned before in this they can learnfrom each other and they are going toremember what they have lived. As ateacher we need to consider that studentsneed spaces in our environment where theycan play an active role.

For applying this principle I would use one


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Teaching Principles V

apply it to their dailylives. They must

make what they learnpart of themselves.

(Ehrmann, 1996)

of the method that I explained before andthis is Community Language Learning aswe know in this method they had thechances to participate in what they wantand what they have learned. Or anothertechnique for example Peer Instructionsthis consist in asking a question and theyhave to think about it. (California, 2005)

Good PracticeGives Prompt

Feedback.

Knowing what youknow and dont

know focuses yourlearning. In getting

started, studentsneed help in

assessing theirexisting knowledge

and competence.Then, in classes,students need

frequent

opportunities toperform and receivefeedback on theirperformance. At

various points duringcollege, and at its

end, students needchances to reflect on

what they havelearned, what theystill need to know,

and how they mightassess themselves.(Ehrmann, 1996)

When we are in a class as a teacher weneed to be aware that our work is not justto give a certificate that someone hasapproved the scholar year. So this is arelevant principle that we need to apply

and consider it in every process that welive with our students.

Exist many ways when we can apply thisprinciple, first of all, we can make adiagnostic evaluation in the first classes, inthis way I can realize what my studentknow, their competences and even theirweaknesses.

I would apply this technique at thebeginning of the course because as ateacher I need to know what my studentsknow and their levels in English. Otherform is to ask questions not just at thebeginning I would apply this as much aspossible. Feedback is important too becausein this way as a teacher I can support mystudents and they can make a reflectionabout what they have learn and in thisform I can teach them to love learning andshow how important is learning in our life.

I do not want to forget that other way thatI can use for feedback in this class istechnology remember that as a teacher we just can stand in front of the class around a


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Teaching Principles VI

hour or two. So, we can show them manywebsites in other to understand better whatwe have talked in class. For examplesvideos on YouTube or in other websiteblogs, social networks or the most commonway in technology with the e-mail.

Good PracticeEmphasizes

Time on Task.

Time plus energyequals learning.

Learning to use onestime well is critical

for students andprofessionals alike.Allocating realistic

amounts of timemeans effective

learning for studentsand effective

teaching for faculty.(Ehrmann, 1996)

If students do not spend time in their studythey are not going to have success in thisprocess because every course or subjectneeds time in order to learn better, it is notthe same a student that spends five hours aweek than a student that just spends onehour. Everyone knows that the best student

is someone that invests time in hishomework, task or anything because in thelearning process we need time.

As a teacher we know that one thing that isincluded in the lesson plan is time, so as weconsider our time in our plan we need toencourage students to consider time intheir learning process. Nowadays, there aremany advantages with the use of

technology as a teacher I would use theuses of many websites where they canlearn and investing time in studying.

Students are always distracted with a lot ofthing so as a teacher I would give themimportant homework or task where theyhave to search information and in the classthey can discuss about it. Do not rememberthat we can use the calendar to say themwhen is every evaluation in the class.

Good PracticeCommunicates

HighExpectations

Expect more and youwill get it. Highexpectations are

important foreveryone for the

poorly prepared, forthose unwilling to

As a student sometimes I felt that myteacher asked me much and always I thinkabout it, but if we think deeper our teacherare our motivators when we are attendingany course they know that we can.As a teacher if we do not say our high


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Teaching Principles VII

exert themselves, andfor the bright andwell-motivated.

Expecting students toperform well

becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy.

(Ehrmann, 1996)

expectation of our students they are notgoing to push themselves. Of course thereare students with good expectation in classbut what about other one.

There are seven principles in this paper butthis is one of the most important as ateacher you need to say to our student thatwe believe in them and they can give more.I would say not just at the beginning myexpectation from them because as a humanwe need to hear this as much as possible,and at the same time, push them to havetheir proper expectations because as somesays the word that you use for moving

yourself is not my word, but rather thatword was your because you decided to be .Nowadays, remember that not just theteacher expects from them because thesociety is asking for people that know morethan people that live before, so we need toremember then what the society wantsfrom them.

Good PracticeRespectsDiverse

Talents andWays of

Learning.

Many roads lead to

learning. Differentstudents bringdifferent talents and

styles to college.Brilliant students in aseminar might be allthumbs in a lab or

studio; students richin hands-on

experience may notdo so well withtheory. Students

need opportunities toshow their talentsand learn in ways

that work for them.Then they can be

pushed to learn in

Every human has different characteristics,mood, way of leaning and everyone hasdifferent talent or style. This principleshows us that we need to be aware that weare working with people shaping life, soevery generation has many changes and soon. In simple word we need to moveahead with different methods, techniquesetc.In my teaching practice I will use not justone method or technique as a teacher I willneed to consider what is the way that theylearn better. For example I can use videosin my class but not all people understandvideos or live to watch videos, so I will usethe result that I can use with them:Presentations.Grammar exercises.


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Teaching Principles VIII

new ways that do notcome so easily.

(Ehrmann, 1996)

Videos.Games.Songs and so on .

Teaching designing in My Practice as a Teacher.

Approach.

Well, I will perform my teaching practice in a High School in tenth grade and itwill be around forty hours taking in consideration the National English Curriculum,through this we can see how it is organized and what topic I can choose fordeveloping in the class. There are interesting question included in this curriculumand this is the guide how the curriculum is designed just for a little comprehensionof this here I write some questions that the curriculum has: (MINED, 2008).

What do teachers teach for? What must student learn? How to teach? How, when and what evaluate?

I am not going to be deep in these questions because this is not about, I just putthis as examples how the curriculum is designed. And this curriculum is based inthe Communicative Approach, where students and teachers have a meaningfulinteraction in a real situation. I will guide me through this approach because as a

teacher of language the major purpose is that my students can communicate eachother in the target language at least some common conversations. And this is waytoo how the Curriculum shows us how we can get it. Inside of it, I mean theapproach we got communicative competences for example: GrammaticalCompetence, Sociolinguistic Competence, and so on. (Movement, 2005).

At the same time, I will guide me in this approach English as a foreign language,

because as we live in El Salvador where English is not spoken we need to use thislanguage a foreign because we do not have any social group that speak English justSpanish. So, the only group is inside of the class and encourage them to speakEnglish maybe they can schedule many meeting or conversation clubs where theycan develop their competences in this language. Through this approach the course isgoing to be given to some students, I do not how many student because now I am inthe process of choose a High School where I will perform my teaching practice.


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Teaching Principles IX

Now I just want to put some topics that the National Curriculum suggests,remember that methodology depends of the topic and through this I can decide themethod what I need in the class and the method will define the technique alwaysfinding the general objective that you read before in the last paragraph: (MINED,2008)

Expressions to make appointments.

Commonly used questions for personal interviews.

Biographies of Salvadoran personalities.

Personal goals.

In my point of view I think that those topic are really difficult for starting thisyear, but maybe I am wrong. The first thing that I would apply is a diagnosticevaluation for meeting my students and know what are their advantages, what theyknow about English and in this way I can start my teaching practice as an EnglishTeacher.

Strategies.

Strategies are action that we use in order to achieve a goal with our students I just punt some strategies here because my teaching practice is short:

Lectures: In this I will use book, short paragraph, presentation where my studentcan develop the reading skill.

Discussions: where they can share what they think and at the same timedeveloping the speaking skill.

Writing: With this my students will develop their writing skill with the use orgrammar, exercises, and so on.

Group Projects: Working in group they are going to share knowledge each otherand at the same time they are going to improve their speaking skill.

Independent Student Projects: We say in other word individually.

Methods, Methodology and Techniques.

As I was study the last year about teaching Method I will apply the method that Ihave been learning there are many methods that I can apply and this depends ofstudents, purpose and what I want to achieve, remember that the techniques areinside of the methods, for example I can use the traditional method, and this dependin a brief explication about an issue in grammar and as a technique I use the


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Teaching Principles X

translation of this sentences into the native language. Other important factor is themethodology, this is a set of method that I can use in a class.

The direct method : this consists without translation maybe with the strategy ofreading and the technique of reading loud, questions and answers etc. (Larsen, 2004)

The audio Lingual Method: In this we can teach vocabulary through thetechnique of repletion drill. (Larsen, 2004)

Desuggestopedia: This is one of the most used here in this country because thereare many people that think that they are not capable to learn other language, thework of this method is to show that they can and take the limits away. (Larsen, 2004)

Community Language Learning. Humanistic technique where they say whatthey want to learn and other things. Other technique question and self-reflection.(Larsen, 2004)

Total Physical response: This is more physical where students learn vocabularythrough movement gestures and pictures. Techniques: The use of pictures, videosetc.

I am not going to write more about methods because there are many and this isnot just focused in methods. Now I will write just an example of methodology that Iwill use in my teaching practice:

I will use the audio lingual method because I can use the technique of repetitionand they can learn many word through it, and then, total physical response because

after they have learnt they can perform what the vocabulary says, and finallyDesuggestopedia and in this way I can encourage students to learn without fear.

E-learning and Blended Learning

Do no forget that nowadays exist technology and through this we can giveclasses online, the tools that I would use are: websites, blogs, social network wherewe can have forums with all student in any time out of classroom, just here anexample of a web where we can have a class with methods, methodology, strategiesand so on. http://zunal.com/webquest.php?w=219237 .

The increase of technology has been different in these year as we can notice there aretechnology almost all places, in home, in the classroom and so on. Traditional classes have changedbecause before the teacher was face to face with student and now technology has changed thething, as we have native speaker we also have digital native people that have grown withtechnology. As educator we need to consider those changes in our society because exist differentkind of learning here we mention E-learning and Blended Leaning. According to (Consulting, 2004) e-
http://zunal.com/webquest.php?w=219237http://zunal.com/webquest.php?w=219237http://zunal.com/webquest.php?w=219237http://zunal.com/webquest.php?w=219237


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Teaching Principles XI

Learning is the use of technology to enable people to learn anytime and anywhere. If youhave notice our students are in the class with their electronic thing for examples:Cellphones, computers, Laptop. We need to be aware that they are using technology inother to understand better a topic or you just give a homework and they are not findinginformation in book just in Internet.

On the other hand, we got Blended Learning and according to: (Weingarten, 2007)Blended learning: Is a mix of e-learning with traditional teaching and learning practices.Typically there is a combination of face-to-face interaction with online learning. This is alittle different that e-learning the only thing that they combine two they take a wholecourse online where they see the teacher just through technology, for example: Skype isone of most used for these courses. As teacher we need to know the whole thing aboutbecause there is technology but we will always be a teacher in or out of the class. Who isgoing to teach through technology? Of course a teacher is the responsible of the coursethose sources by themselves are nothing, the teacher give life to courses through

technology.

As conclusion, a teacher without principles is not a teacher, every principle that we sawin this paper are really relevant for everyone that is a teacher or wants to improve as aprofessional. I am using this word as a clich, in Spanish I use this word in order to resaysomething, but I want to repeat that we are working with people, shaping life not things.We need to be aware that we are a model for our students, and they are changing everytime. In conclusion our principles want to say that we need to motivate, inspire life.Students need to see motivation in our life, I think that this is the first principles as someonethat wants to teach. Maybe in this work we are not going to see result instantly but at the

end we are going to be happy because someone learnt something through us.


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Teaching Principles XII

References:

Attribution-ShareAlike., C. C. (14 de May de 2012). Boundless . Obtenido de Boundless:https://www.boundless.com/management/groups-teams-and-teamwork/defining-teams-and-

teamwork/differences-between-groups-and-teams/ California, U. o. (15 de February de 2005). Teaching Guide . Obtenido de Teaching Guide:

https://gsi.berkeley.edu/teachingguide/sections/active.html

Consulting, E. L. (15 de December de 2004). E-learning Consulting . Obtenido de E-learning Consulting:http://www.e-learningconsulting.com/consulting/what/e-learning.html

Ehrmann, b. A. (21 de October, de 1996). The TLT GROUP. Obtenido de The TLT GROUP.:http://www.tltgroup.org/programs/seven.html

Larsen, D. (2004). Techinique and Principles of Language Teaching. New York: OXFORD.

MINED. (01 de Jenuary de 2008). Ministerio de Educacion de El Salvador . Obtenido de Ministerio deEducacion: https://www.mined.gob.sv/

Movement, C. (23 de February de 2005). Approaches to teach English . Obtenido de Approaches to teachEnglish: http://www.auburn.edu/~nunnath/engl6240/clt.html

Rogers, C. (12 de December de 2000). ALTERNATIVE METHODS. Obtenido de ALTERNATIVE METHODS:http://www2.vobs.at/ludescher/Alternative%20methods/community%20language%20teaching.htm

Weingarten, J. (20 de March de 2007). Studyportals . Obtenido de Studyportals:http://www.distancelearningportal.com/articles/269/blended-learning-e-learning-and-online-learning-whats-important.html

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