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CONFIDENTIAL

S:!:\i-rSIOX O:!: EL~";:::'E, J:.1ARINE AND AT!10SPEE2rc SCIZNCE AND TSCHNOLOGY, CSl:R

':iF SO);;,EHO:"E!:; ·t·~

G;\.:;:EFS;,'ALDT 37:·1.3

,::;u=.:-::i tted to: C::' 'iT:::" :C:-.ginp.€::-::'nc; Dep3.:-:7..ln·:::::.t .:.\!J.~rlo A:ecrican cor:.Jo:cation of Si'. Johannesburg

[2sA ,ZFuz9/ .

?~et.od_a E?-',':.;-\-C 89154 l;ove:mber 1989

, ,~",':C-:-_,

, ;'

·"

1. INTRODUCTION

Four 208 mm diameter production boreholes were drilled

during Oc·tobel~ 1989 on the farm G:r.eefswaldt 37I>!S. Th::-ee of these

boreholes ~.:€'.:rc d:=illed on the :::oU'~l:e::-n bank of the :L.impopo River

and C!1e ir. -=he pr0sent :::i ver CQurse. Each of these boreho:'es

were equi:"p-;d v7ith,' three metre length of Hous:tor. tYi"'Je sc.;:;-een in

the most prom~:_~i>1g section of -c~;e z..:;,ui::er. F~t eacIl prod'-1ct.icn

borcllole two or t.h=ec 5e IrL'L. dia.:ncter cbservation bcrel:oles I also

equipped W:·. "Cll Cl. ·three metj:"e scn:enec: se.:::"cion , were drilled at

distances 0: lJCtWE!I2r. 5 Zl.::1d 15 ~, irom -the product:'..cn boreho]..€.

Dcti~l:!.s of 'C:1C d.::illi:1'; anc. bor~;1clo cons::::::-uction a:r-2 described

i;1 a ::::e;;ort ;:y Gr01..:.nc. ... ·,Tt.e:- Con.sul·::.ing SE.r~rices to be sul:::r.:!.i·t:te,j to

Ang::'o R.l!lGric.?::J. Corpc:.:-c:.::io:l. of SOl..:';:.i"~ J-~frica.

'rile test pl.J:n:.:~ir.g i"";!'Q(;ramI,le ";i"~::, c;:n~C:l.~cted in two ph.:tsc:.:;. Pl1a::;e I

tVas complet.t'.;;d :':ur":'ng t.he po::ic.d ~r.8-2~ Cctober 19-89. T!"lis ';rJa.r.

followed. by ?~1.<..'!sc I! d.uring ·;:;:c . .Deriod 30 Oc·tot.c~-lO Nova!tber

1~1[;9 dt.::-i!'lg ~.~)ic:! ~-..:~nr.:':"r'Q" (::quip::::.. .. :~·:. capa!::>le of yi0J.di:;,g !".igher

pum'pi:"!.~ rate::: '~a.s utilized.

2 .

, . ..:. .. '.

SCOP:! Oi' COWlrRZ~C~

Phase I

It was o. .... ticipat!}c.. "':0 ~".;;tQ:'n :::'0:...5 .. :f"er characteris';:'~c::; at. a.ll

fcur product.i.oa borcholes "::Jy po!:; .::cr.:.;,ing the follm .... :.ng sa:::-ies CJ:: 'ces~s at eac~1 bore~olE:::

i) c:alibriJ"tion step test. (10 tL:.n ~;-C.BP'::;') ;

iij Ste9 tes-: (2 hr steps);

a.-:d

: .... ) reco··;'2::::~ ":es~ ( =:or a !:\<:t.:: .; r.~<':'" 0= 24

d5..sc~large: and. r-.!c:;'lery "':.:2:3-::'S,

hrs) . ~ari.r:.g 1:. he

the c:-atldown and

reCQ7e:::'y in t:J:e observation bo~eholes would ~lso be

moni tored.

.. 2

2.:: Phase II

':'hG :-i'ler borchole and borehole B97?E were selected fer PU."nP

tcs":.':'ng c'..!:ring thiz pha5e. The follc· ... ·:.r.g tes·t3 were .i..!lit:.inlly

tJ.'1:1't. :z~c!= tests ,,~_ ... ~, "C~~G :;~cps of I..r.,::' ~':.ct:.r mc.:.;:il:'.ll:rI, -,wou:'.;! <.:lso

b..:: c.Ci.':e or: ~r.OdUCt.~l:· J.;·":'\=E:~oliZ's ::OZBO"'" Zl':"'.C ~C30:2.

..... ," ~ -' ......

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Or.bit , '00 3;. • _ !:1.11 ~

100 " -, <. <

!.OO :mm di _,€ ""

300

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The :::tep 'test t.iIle-drawdown data showed that :.;tab::"li;:ation of

wLlter levels occu.=red • .. ,ithin t:he r':'rst. few Idnutes after pu~!,i!1g

ra~es were i~c~e3sed. ~he tot.al c~~~dcwn Llt. the end of ste~ 6 at

a di::charge ::-atc 0,,,;: _19 n 3/: ..... {the :;:;]xir:-.um pumpir..g rt!te of tr..e

I1.

4.1. 2 n· lk .'_':::.cn borehole BO:;SOF

21 Oct,:;::;-

,

eli cha::ge " .. qu:Lckly. ;, C;:.li

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Fig.

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10 .... r:tJ /!1 at t..'-e (>:-;.:. ef

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6

C2.2 Production borehole IIRiverll

The fo:'.lo~>ii:ng tests were complet.ed on this bc::eholc:

3 0 Gctobe:...~;

31 Octoce:::-:

:!. X:J-·,-enbE.r~ Cor.sta:1'c d:"~ch;;;.::gE. r,::.t.e test (':.3 1":.r:,;)

3 :rcvc~-:.bc:::-: :ct.zccvery tcs":. (6 ~r).

..... .; . ;~ .. -..... _.c'-

was Cischar~ed o~to the

thG borQ:-.o~.e.

obscrv3.tior:. l:..C=r:!~·lO:es dl..:.r lng ?:.u::pi";sr )::.'~cause Oi~ t.he presence of

liOK',""':;:::': f ::.t t:"J.c t:.i.:r:le

:Zlot:i::1g :..n Co. s-:'rl'?:JIn or:

;:;1ic}: s~_::..·~ _ :._,:<;:::;:- of 1ml.T p~r:r.;'2al::il~ty. 4: ~ i~""·_~:\..''''A:

(':i' r;t:.:) 'r.<'r.-;-~-:;'-""lg, t:'F~ :::"i~.;0pO Ri. "ler -... 1';:::;

t.he Zi','lba;:'~ie side of 'i:~(,'! r;:.v~r SOJr.e 150 c,

.. .... ne o:OSE..-::,'·;atio:il.

borC:.{~u: ,~, ?-5, :;'")10 ZInC. PI5 ti-:: .b.z~-:t:1,ces of 5,:: !l, ~fB ID an':::' 14,6 ID

CO:Llsta:"'!t ::ote

boreho::"e~ a'!: t:he Gad o~ e.::.ch step tr-;as also re-::c:·c.cd d'J.ri::-'g the

step tG,:::;t • Tb£; piGzometer tl;,be on tbo o'..lt~id:~ of "::r.f: produc:.7_o:1

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7

4.2.3 F~od~ct~on borchole E972E

4 ~;0' 7"'::e:::-: Cali=:':::-:o:.-C'::'Cil ste:,J te:,::. (,3x:;.O r:\~_,-: .steps)

5 ik, ....... c:ctDe::-: St(~;? c,,;:S"t (7xS-O min :3:'ep.:;)

F. i:iov(",7..=.e::-· Ca:1s'~~~:: rat!';! discharr;8 ;:c::c C 30 ;~.):s)

rs

: .. :~ t:e

d'u'il~':' thos ,;::alibra-::icT; .:;,-;:ep , c

'.·.'.,7 .."..; (.,. .•• <.~." ~·,·~~-~c~ c""r-"-·~,,,,.:; ••• '/" '_ •• _. _,..'-_ .... ~., ~J'J .... _ •• _'"."

of the

'!'he pie:ro~,8'_02:" t ·..:..Q€; s::'ra;;:cr:

':Jorcr.c.;.c c;:;,::.,:lr;! T,-las agrrir:.

-::0

: .. 2 ~'a, 3,8 :':1,10 ,2 ::::.1 :::1·:: _.:33)1 ::rctn ::111: ;t!'od"J.ct.icr; borei1cle :::,~~';;:;

=.::!s:~ec:t:;"Vf~J.::r •

a pm: i ·cle:· .' '..:!~::.. '.; This 'w"" .1:'

•

~ , " · -" 0 .' t-, " , -~ !!

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8 \/ ~.2.4 Procuct ion borehole B0320E

The following tests were cc~pleted on this borehole :

~ Kovember: S~ep test (7x30 min s~cps)

Re;cover::t in pumped bcrehole. Z'.!1d three

\Y'E:::e 0::111" 3:) Tol':'!-::utes. level~, w .. ..:~~ hC;';<2ver ai.Go ::..ani tored c.

in the tr..ree o!..se=vc:tion boreho:'cs PSI Fl5 and J...;;f!3S0E at

dis·tr:.nces of 5,65 lR, 1,j.,'}5 ID and ~'~!G.5 IT! f.=om ":.hc productio:r..

"':'iRchargec .:..ao

~. 2.5 Product:.-:::::: b~ro:hole E65CZ

S Novembe::: 9 Novembr~r; st-:C;J 'i.;.;.;.:::;t repeat:e-:' (6:;{30 min ;..:teps ~

?.~!;o·~~·:::-y IJ.fter stcr,:: ~ H

~Lom the

This Sl1C:;:.-t st:;? tc.~-':: ',,::::,~ also dcne b') cbt.:;~:'~:-. <::.: c:~i.'j"dov:n vs

dLs.::h:::!::ge rate c\'~ri.'·~ 2c:~~ >.::he boreho:.E:' to c'.€'termine t:;V? ::::'3t.E at

ev~ntual:y drair,:~ ir;t;o

\/ rJ .'

•

5

:: ,;~ .. .'~'.

?t.,

... ..... ~

~i 1",.

• • ·:::::.t t"

.- - , ,0

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.:U

D:SClJSSIotT OF TEE RE5 fJ:L..T.'.;i

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~::.c:::m

The pe.rfo:r-n:.nce of ::l l:'o-=.::;~c::'c· is usually evaluated ac-::::c::::-di::1g to

an equatior.. d.::rived :l:y Jaccb (J.946) th::lt equates the efficiCE::lcy

of a borehcle to t~e =~"tio 0': "tht;: head loss attribt:.tal:<i.e to

laminar flmJ (ac;.uife!" !OS:;0:::; J~c ,~l1c to'tal t.e<lG 10:::;::;; (aquifer

plu~ bore~ole losse~)

los::: e:: I t::e !:lore C?! f ;'c:'e::t: •..• '~ bC=£:~101e. The dr~;,;d-:>w;. .!.:1 'c..'1c

boreho:';'e anc. cf=':'c".€.-:.!_y o~ 'i:._,-, i.:.C:';"-E;·:-:'O.2.U wore define,;' b:/ ':;ac01- i:1

Br

Howcve::,

the:. tot.!:

\J:~ccb)

( 0 - , , - -'pi

(' = d . \.oIJ.cw:-.

":urt::"H:~r su«.· ...

speclf .':;

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followi.'7i

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ei.l.uc~·:on.

tJ:"l,E., ~rcc:-.. ::ng':! 0=

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-'-.- .'. -.... "'-:;.0 _.~

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constant disct\arge test on borehole 2972E, ~"'ater level response

112.5 also ~'!',easl;.red in a:1 observation borehole 133 Il'. away frotl the

pumped. !:Jorei'lole. .;t a discharge r:::::'e 3 o[ -137 iI'. /11, a drailldc:;,.;;,. of

aft.er pumping st':i.':."t2d.. Rech.:lrg~ "to th,.:; aqL:ifer fror.! the ~iT/I:~~:' or

oti1er :!ools of ;,..;'o."ce:c in the r-ive::- c;::::, ~:hcrGfoye r:ot be on~irely

rl1.::"'~d CL,.,:.

th.:=. CL.rve

boren':Jle

fo~: t:r~(! Pli.:."1).!?~,: l:'Q=e~'!ql:2" All tl".r,;::·e the ':.; ~., i;" 0 .. "'· ... ", .;: .. i

cU~',fes (::ig. p J ,""'2.:=8 110 .... '(~·~Ter. in".:.c::-;:r. t:::tec.

H: t~ "L.b:; Cooper-.Joco!:) :7!€.tho(~ and '.'Il',1. th the Neu~:Jar: t:ypc cur-""::';s fc::

f::o:-a ar.alysis

'::'4500 and c.:z,~ ?c.C

PI5 bc:::-er.o}.e r'''' .... " '"'- .... ~~-

calculatio:1 c!:

l1ycrau::'ic cor_·~"uct.:i. -,";'-:':y o3.r. uvc::'agc aqu~.fs:!: th~_ci'mess of

5 . 2.::

90:;:ehole and these; c2.ta can therefc:::-£"~ l1e":. be t:.sed fo::- ,e0U.;;;r::.:-

p~:c.:;:ne':e:: c.:l::'cul.:.r'::i=m::>

obser~ation bor0hol: ·;:.:ens:m.':"ss:" vi ty va::' !!,::...:;

'':'Ibe Ccope::---,;"acob type analysi3 C. '':::10

,~?igs 7-9) wit.h an ~veJ:-age: of 134GC -,

-'~·/i""". " ~,-- .. cf 23 rn, t.t.it;

'I'~~~ va:u.e is i

5.3 ~::..rod'..1ct.ion borehole B072E

st.;!,;:.6.-y

grac.1:f.l f ,.: '.~. ,I' _. ' •• I .\n

, ., .. ~.~,.-. -- -.1:' ....

I··,,~ , ,.,.,. .; ""' -'-.... I. ~.". ,;.l

s !-... 0W

tr..9

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be ""~~30 ~:'·/d';)' ..... of. d:.-i:::·:::::'-::"'::1. (r~f;. 11ji

o

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5 . 4 Production borchole sc~eoz

stev-.

-::'h~ 00rf~!"1clc ~; ~~.Oi..!:c. be c""'~;::bb,

c~r: -:: i :::~-.}~s ly ;

, -..I. ~>

'J'? yielding 670:)

~·f:,OS; and the ::;pecif:'c

:It. G, tli~-:::harg:~ :::::.CE of 6700 m'~ If...: t:12. c.~:,:,at·lc.Ov.'J:: att::,~_b:.!'c;~l)le

-':0 .::c::-oz.::1Glc 1:.1::'5 (C02 ) uill be,:· " ..... ':.roxi;;;2.:·.:G:ly 20% ef oche

(-1500

is "Cnf-.-::.-:!fc;.:e ::-ecC';!n'.C:Lt:~d a.s a produc-::~;_Q:; . ~.:.:t-~~-:.olc for co:r:.':ir:'J.0I.7.3

pC.:rr:.~:.:L1(,: •

.:5 • :;; .;. .r:ul test

::Ql.lowing:

l6

the dra:.vdown vers'';~: ,lield. g:::-aph (Fi g . 1) of ~h~s bo~e~ol e

bo!"cholo 2:)72E. h··+ c .: ..... ~:.. ::r..<.:n ',:00:;;·::' fo~ ":-',c ::.·~vc~: bo:..-eho:.~

,~

"" CO:' •.

(Ta!:>le V).

.... 3/_) c"~t' '\"c"~'~ • :.", .... _..............,. ~,

tc

T' I

'. l .!.t:···._· t

cvP~·-_t~ ity r~:?l:.::.:':'C-."o!1~S. If ..

cc': .~" tility ,;:-:~e:: at c~~' ... l

" ., .....

...... -.... .1.::. ...

~':'clc. . , (4aCO

-!.!.ow specif ic ( -0 ~j/~' '--I "".f: 'l~-. .. ,.~ .... --. (F'" v" •. lo. , _. ~" L!~._ ', .. ",,,,, .... J . " ) . -- ,

w ... :

. .. ::n

~~7.:z::: ~.;h~re long

">. • t.' .• !~ ,.;e::e taken

CO;-, le .... i

- -'- 1 ~ .. _ .. h: " --/ ::;:.:-~c! P".;:'!9 cd

• \.',.11 c~V~:'j?e'2

~' :I CO:1::.an-:,

:: a -:- _ .,. .... bor.c!':cle e9i::'E t J,c:'c-.:;.olog:"::: ~i.

a"!:e;- ~echr:.o}oc;:,.y I

',,",

TAi3LE VI

Cne:J;,c~~,l t'onelysis of ~rollnd water s.amplc3 ::rOD tr.e f.j~popo River) Grcefm.'aldt J7~·[.)

Borer.olc Ko. S'.lll'.ple = . .0. K jJ~/L :-.ia Jl~/:'

'::.!l. :l:;;/L ~; =-::./1-Fe mg/L ~1iiI~-N :16/L ,S04 r.l:;/T., Cl TllG/L ,\ 1 k {(;,.: • .':',:'3) ::1;;:/::' NO:{--i:i Jr.;':.''::' " :'l<;/:~ DOG :.;:/L F"C rl2/il ,a (lab) r:io:; (2(; ::-:eg C) T D S (C31c) ~g!L 'L' !) S (8;lCl)~gjL

!!p..rc.':'e:::';J :;:3 C.!l.C0.~) ;:,c·;/:.

CA'lIO~:.s

. t~::;:O~3 '""'~ '"T "'-01 ....

;:;)'1?~/l.

cl L • r .l, J

19 ')., ? -~, '~

1.3: 0,0~ ,;(;,05 "

~ '"l ,', • .:.0

(0,05 C},C'5 , , :, - I.

30 7 S .]1:'.

192 200 11.2

0.54 3,O~

'"I,OC

:li Vr:!l'

R2 1 , ~, ... 1S Z2:5 ." " J, ~ , .;

r,036 (0,05 2 :6 122 <C,05 <0,('5 2,12 '" "0 7,(\ :1 , J.

1f;l) 1.'10 lG!

1,94 ::,00 2,S5

803&0£ BC2BOE

::3,6 . , . , . 0:03 (0)05 "

" J.8 L:C <t~, CS ,;.:,OG ,~ .­, , ' :j,?

'> '. 1\ E~ ~'

, rr ..... ':)

:) ; .::::. ::,IG

E:G5CE jiG:)()r~

l,S

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<:),05 '0, Dc

, r 0,0

25 ':" 0 , , ... (.' -: .. , .... 1 ,"~ ~,JU

H~~)

S~

;';9-2£: ;;;';721::/1 C n

«(',03

.. .:..

~.'JS

(C',C5 <0,(;5 :,3 27

0,['5 ~;iE

B372E BS72/: 0, :] ~, 9 lG)1 -, , .I. .. ,.:;

"ll J09 <O,O,j <C,OS 1,8 0" " , " " . ,~, 8,1 ~_ ::0 :72 sa

<') r:::: .... ,;)", . ., t:,., _'v .. ;~ ,53

1 7

CSIR, P:.e'toria labor.3:t.ory wi t hin six hou::::s a~ter sanpling . '!'he

rc,sL:.l ts a:ce r;i. ver. in :;"uble VII .

TABLE VI:

--------,--- --,----------

! Sanple SJ..3S 241 - 198-'1 ! Type. 0:: emu"': r--- --r-:----- --------------1

1'1<1 x i:murr. 3372E allowu~l(>

________________ L ____ -'-______ --'--_____ _

":::o-::al COUj)"t of ccll:i.=c-:-~

:t·.:.c:-.cr::''' ?:~r 100 nl

~.ndicc.t.c t':'l; .. ~.

20:::6

1J.5

o 5

------, o

leG Hot sp-.::c:-

h22v.ily COl'::'''::!'ltir..a"!:2:: ~.,.. .• " . ,.-,

aowevcr, a ::"m-l Coze 0':: chlori._~i·,;Lc:;i

':'he:c::' <:!:.::~? Co nu:;ane:= of pc.:'- __ ~')le sourCES .~::t;:;.'.t. -::::.y ),-.e.ve c2.us.sd 'l;.i-<s

CGr.-:R.l-::.'.:':.>i-::'::'C:':1, nz-::nt-":!.y se~.;~n \gc 3.!1C!~·cha]- efflU€-:1t or':"g":'nati::1-£ at:

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19

The follo TlJing recoml~.endat.ion3 are :-lade l:IaseC or:. the r8st:.l ts

descr:~bed :'n tr~is report .

.L. 'C>.G:.~t?.1'cles B0330E ar:d B650E are J::0cc:.L:;:J.cnded to ba equ,ipPGd

'.': t.i"i ;:-c.mps ·~o sl.![.ply ·the Ve::.cUIJ. p:rr.:>jE:ct du:::ing t.b.El inltial

r.i '" :.or.y .

sr-21€.cu:i.es

,~ .

5.

tct::.1~

2S') :n3 /h

2CO m3 j'::l.

in

cf ( ::':5('C

ir. observation

':'t.i::::. mode. 1 have

ar:.d water

'.:~.c'O."ct. 0:(

~.·~;.C::-. cc:- jj.tioD£. c::.n ba GCvD}.cpec:1.

f.lm;

6. Lim:.ted i:L;.forT:"(c::.ti'.)~, en tj,e specific yield p:r:operti2,s ,=-1 the

r:.q'..lifer ~3:S :O~en obtai.!led :':rom th-z: current punp ·:es-::.in;

2Q

prog=amrne . Additio~al proeuc~ic~ borehcles have to be

cev2:oped and t ested.

7 "

r; •

"':OWi1rf 's

fo:

con t;.c~~

w>rn no wat-s-:c i~

cl .c" ~ ng pe;::s!) r.

.!ss!"i..l co: )~_'.:.:ici' of -thi~ pro:.

", -

" , •

.. \ajar

.' ,.,,, ,/ ......

OL

"JC '1tay .1.-':

52C 'se of ~he

_ '.~ _ -,:':"0;: bore:-:o::.. ... $,

W.:,....-.-,-- ..... _-

•

FIGURES

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