2nd partial study guide art and culture complete

8/8/2019 2nd Partial Study Guide Art and Culture COMPLETE

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2nd Partial Study Guide. Art & Culture

ROMAN ART

Influenced by: Greek art, Etruscans (key stone) .

Architecture & Construction: concrete, high arches, domes,

mural paintings.

Etruscan Art

Apollo of Veii: Hollow, made piece by piece,

of terracotta.

Etruscan Order:Four rows of two columns

Not surrounded by columns, only oneentrance, empty pediment, no motope,

sculptures on the top.

Etruscan Death: Sarcophagi, visual

epigraph. It was not grief, it was a

celeb

ration

of life.

Roman Origin

-Having peace among their people was their main priority, not worshiping their gods.

-Their Buildings were focused on peoples development and enjoyment.

Ilustracin1. Apollo

of Veii.

Tabla1Entruscan Temple

Tabla2. Etruscan Sarcophagus


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Architecture: Government Buildings, Community & Entertainment, Roads, culture.

Greek influence in Art, religion, moral & ethics legal system and politics.

-The Roman government was first a Kingdom, then, it was governed by a senate.

-Early Rome: conquest of lands, civil wars.

Temples were in the center of the cities, because Gods lived AMONG the people.

Augustus (Octavian)

The AraPacis told his story, how great he was POLITICAL

PROPAGANDA IN ARCHITECTURE

Made to show how powerful the state was, invite people to trust them

because they were great.

Ilustracin3. AraPacisIlustracin4. Augustus (Octavian)

GEMMA AUGUSTEA

The contrapart of a death mask,

Mural PAintings

Intuitive

Perspective: Based

on size, if it was

further away, it was

blurrier, etc.

Atmospheric

Perspective: Based

on light and color,

Ilustracin2. Perspective


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*TrompeLoeil (To trick the eye) Effects made to make people believe there was

something there, like the drawing of a fish on the floor.

What did Roman architecture take from Etruscans and Greeks?

Etruscan: Number of Columns. (2 rows of 4)

Greek: Temple surrounded by columns. It wasnt always visible, for example:

The Pantheon

It was surrounded by columns but the columns were on the inside.

Ilustracin5. Arch of Titus. Made

to celebrate the victory over

Judea and Palestine. (Political

Propaganda)

Hadrians Wall.Division between the

Briotns and the Romans, 10m tall, to

Roman Mosaic


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Patronage in Art (Craft for Money)

The Rich paid for art to be done in their homes, as decoration.

Marcus Aurelius:

Was against political propaganda,

he was a philosopher. Believed

that to be humble was the source

of power. The governments duty

was to help people, not to

manipulate them.

His son was

Commodu

s.

He

contradict

ed his

dads

beliefs, he

had

himself

represent

ed as

Hercules.


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MIDDLE AGE ART

Jesus LifeIncarnation Cycle:-Annunciation (when Mary new she was going to be mother of God)-Visitation: When Mary went to talk to her sisterThe Nativity: Jesus birth-Adoration of the Sheppard-Adoration of the Magi (Three Wise Men)-Presentation on the Temple (Baby Jesus is taken to Simeon )-Massacre of the innocents and flight to Egypt (Herode has all babies killed because he

finds out about Jesus)-Jesus among the Doctors (When he is 12, he goes to the temple and teaches his fathers

wisdom to the doctors of the temple)

Arch of Constantine: He had it

made to tell his story, next tothe coliseum, largest triumphal

arch in rome.


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PUBLIC MINISTRY

-Marriage at Canaan (He turns the water into wine)-Cleansing of the temple (He kicks the merchants out of the temple)-The Baptism (John the Baptist baptizes him)-Miracles of Healing-Miraculous draft of fished-Walk on water-Raising of Lazarus (He brings him back to life)

Early Christian art

-Started as a secret sect. (It was forbidden, there were lots of mini-groups with their own symbols)

-Edict of Milan: All religions were allowed. Christianity became public. They had to reach an

agreement on their symbols. So:

Realistic perspective, proportions, light & color were ignored geometric simplification,

standardized conventions.

BYZANTINEPREICONOCLASM ART.

Ilustracin6. Defined elements to know it's

Jesus

Iconoclasm: Destructionof symbols. Almos all

symbols were"cancelled".

Abstract Aesthetics:Certain defined symbols

for everyone tounderstand.

NEW PURPOSE: Convey(unify) religious

meaning, technique waleft aside, what

mattered was themessage.


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Migration Period Art (Viking)

Not for decoration, to show braveness and achievements.

Monetary independence

Pagan symbols in coins. They werent concerned about realism

Insular (island) Art

British islands (southern Wales)

Shoulderpad

Hidden Cross

Represented

Manhood-> right

side (Christian

mithology)

Animal themed art: the snake

protected the god.

Gospel of Lindisfarne.

Religious iconography (cross) +

animal representation (snake)

Used latin alphabet

Colors, shapes, to enhance

representations

Chalice (Goblet)

Hidden cross

Only understandable by those w

cared.


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Charlemagne: Carolingian RenaissanceTried to apply roman knowledge, to civilize his kingdom.

Art too.

Roman Heritage + Christian Culture = ROMANESQUE ART.

Architecture: Thick walls, massive

structure. A building was a single organic

form like its alive.

Capitals of Columns inspired

in western Roman

Architecture.

Portals inspired in

Byzantine Buildings

*This was in the time of

the crusades so the

buildings needed to be

resistant.


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Tympanum (Like a Pediment) at

the entrance of the temples.The

face of the building.

Didactic Art: Emphasis on

suffering, it was made to frighten

people, to teach them what would

happen to them if they were bad.

GOTHIC ART

St. Denis. First Gothic Churc Ever.

Gothic means UGLY. It was a combination of lots of

different elements and styles, for them, it looked like a

mess.


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ST. Reims (France)


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Monumental Sculpture

Early Gothic. Long figures, not very

detailed. Still Abstract aesthetic

Late Gothic. Carolingian style. More detailed, more

realistic.

GOTHIC PAINTING

Fresco. Painted on canvas.

Reddish and Brownish colors

Dont pay much attention to

perspective

Still Abstract aesthetic


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Panel Painting. Painted on

wood,

Purer Colors, more vivid.

Much more detailed, still not

much perspective

No shaeds/shadows not

defined distance (intuitive

perspective)

Manuscript Illumination

Paper.

Golden: sacred colors, with

metallic components.


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Stained Glass. In the oculus (and

sometimes the windows) of the

church.

When the sun touched it, it was

projected on the altar.

Various Saints. Christianity,

based in more than one

individual, jesus needs the help

of saints to do what he does.

Remember to bring colors and ruler. Good luck! :D

Fer Nava

2nd partial study guide art and culture complete

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