2nd-intro social teachings
TRANSCRIPT
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The Social Teachings
of the Church
Mr. Jasper T. Suquila, M.A.Theology Instructor, Institute of Religion
University of Santo Tomas
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ABBREVIATIONS & REFERENCES:
CA - Centesimus Annus (One Hundred Year After Rerum Novarum) by Pope John Paul II,
1991.
CBCP - Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Phil.
CL - Canon Law, 1983.
EA - Ecclesia in Asia (Jesus Christ the Savior and
His Mission of Love and Service in Asia)
by Pope John Paul II, 1999.
EN - Evangeli Nuntiandi (Evangelization Today) byPope Paul VI, 1974.
EV - Evangelium Vitae (The Gospel of Life) by Pope
John Paul II, 1995.
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ABBREVIATIONS & REFERENCES:
FC - Familiaris Consortio (The Role of the ChristianFamily in the Modern World) by Pope John
Paul II, 1981.
GS - Gaudium et Spes (Church in the Modern World)
by Vatican Council II, 1965.JW - Justice in the World by Synod of Bishops, 1971.
LE - Laborem Exercens (On Human Work) by
Pope John Paul II, 1981.
MM - Mater et Magistra (Christianity and Social
Progress) by Pope John XXIII, 1961.OA - Octagesima Adveniens (A Call to Action) by
Pope Paul VI, 1971.
PCP II - Secondary Plenary Council of the Phil., 1991.
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ABBREVIATIONS & REFERENCES:
PEPE - CBCP’s Pastoral Exhortation on PhilippineEconomy, 1998.
PEPP - CBCP’s Pastoral Exhortation on PhilippinePolitics, 1998.
PP - Populorum Progressio (On Development of Peoples) by Pope Paul VI, 1967.
PT - Pacem in Terris (Peace on Earth) by JohnXXIII, 1963.
QA - Quadragesimo Anno (On Social Concerns) byPope Pius XI, 1931.
RH - Redemptor Hominis (Redeemer of Mankind)by Pope John Paul II, 1979.
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ABBREVIATIONS & REFERENCES:
RN - Rerum Novarum (The Condition of Labor)
by Pope Leo XIII, 1891.
SRS - Solicitudo Rei Socialis (Social Concerns of
the Church) by Pope John Paul II, 1987.
TMA - Tertio Millenio Adveniente (The Coming of
the Third Millenium) by Pope John Paul II,
1994.
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JUDAEO-JUDAEO-
CHRISTIANCHRISTIAN
DOCTRINEDOCTRINE
TWO POLES
HUMANHUMANEXPERIENCEEXPERIENCE
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This refers to the teachings of theThis refers to the teachings of the
Church.Church.
PCP II – preferential option for thePCP II – preferential option for the
poorpoor(Lk. 4:18)(Lk. 4:18)
JUDAEO - CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE
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the human cross of an unhappy distinction of the human cross of an unhappy distinction of
being the most unsafe country in Asia.being the most unsafe country in Asia.
unsavory international distinction of havingunsavory international distinction of havingthe most corrupt civil service and the mostthe most corrupt civil service and the most
inefficient bureaucracy.inefficient bureaucracy.
economic deprivationeconomic deprivation
power is concentrated to a fewpower is concentrated to a few
the cross of cultural underdevelopmentthe cross of cultural underdevelopment
wrong sense of gratitudewrong sense of gratitude
HUMAN EXPERIENCE
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a COMMITMENT to the common gooda COMMITMENT to the common good
a COMMITMENT to honesty and integrity ina COMMITMENT to honesty and integrity in
public servicepublic service
a COMMITMENT to the right to propertya COMMITMENT to the right to property
CONVERSION from consumerist mentalityCONVERSION from consumerist mentality
Have a PROFOUND UNDERSTANDING of theHave a PROFOUND UNDERSTANDING of the
value of human work value of human work
PROPOSAL OF CBCP
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Hallmarks of UST:Hallmarks of UST:
COMMITTEDCOMMITTED to the cause of TRUTHto the cause of TRUTH
COMPASSIONATECOMPASSIONATE to the people of Godto the people of God
COMPETENTCOMPETENT to proclaim the truth andto proclaim the truth and
love of God to His people.love of God to His people.
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF UST?WHAT IS THE ROLE OF UST?
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CHRISTO-CENTRIC APPROACH:CHRISTO-CENTRIC APPROACH:
FAITHFAITH
must be translated intomust be translated into
ACTION ACTION
APPROACH:APPROACH: Contextual ApproachContextual Approach
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poverty, injustices, war, calamities,
soaring prices of basic commodities,
transportation and fuel, maltreatmentand abuses, etc.
FACES OF CRISIS
IS THIS A REAL CHRISTIAN
COMMUNITY?
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THE CHURCH DREAMS OF INDIVIDUAL
MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY WHO ARE:
ALIVE AND LIFE-GIVING
FREE AND FREEING
RESPONSIVE AND RESPONSIBLE
LOVING AND LOVABLE
CARING AND COMMUNITY MINDED
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OVER AND ABOVE ALL THIS:
The Church dreams of people becoming
persons reflecting God’s image in themselves, their actions, their beings.
The Church also dreams of a community that:
1. speaks and listens,
2. a community that discerns and decides together
in implementing their decisions,
3. prays and celebrate their joys and sorrows
together,
4. honestly looks at what they had done and failed.
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SUMMARY OF PCP II:
MAKATAO
MAKA-KALIKASAN
MAKABAYAN
MAKADIYOS
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GOAL OF THE CHURCH:
“To make all people, Christiansor non-Christians, live in the
spirit of charity, peace, justice
and equality and with respect of the whole creation.”
NAME DATE
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NAME: ______________________ DATE: __________
COURSE/YR./SEC.: ____________
1. Think about the present situation of the community where you
live in and the situation of our country, then, answer, thefollowing questions. (Give at least 2 characteristics for each.)
a. When will your community be a real community of faith?
b. When will the Philippines be a happy home for us Filipinos?
2. After answering the questions above, draw a symbol that
depicts your dream community.
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THE CHRISTIAN CONCEPT
OF SALVATION
Salvation of : the soul
From : sin
Through : God’s grace
For : Eternal life
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1.1. Meaning of Salvation to theMeaning of Salvation to the
IsraelitesIsraelites
• Dt. 6:21-23Dt. 6:21-23
• Dt. 26:2-13Dt. 26:2-13
• Jos. 24:2-13Jos. 24:2-13• Lev. 26:4-13Lev. 26:4-13
• Dt. 28:2-14Dt. 28:2-14
• Ps. 136, 105,Ps. 136, 105,106, 135,106, 135,
7878
• Is. 2:2-5, 11:5-9Is. 2:2-5, 11:5-9
• Amos 9:11-15 Amos 9:11-15
• Ezekiel 36:22-32Ezekiel 36:22-32
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THE CHRISTIAN CONCEPT
OF SALVATION
Salvation of : the total personthe total person
From : slavery, hunger, drought, lackslavery, hunger, drought, lackof land, discrimination,of land, discrimination,
oppressions, death, etc.oppressions, death, etc.Through : their collective struggletheir collective struggle
For : [economic][economic] abundance, grapes,abundance, grapes,
rain, promised land;rain, promised land; [political][political] freedom, liberty;freedom, liberty;
[socio-cultural][socio-cultural] children, peace,children, peace,
security, good relationssecurity, good relations
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1.1. Meaning of Salvaton Meaning of Salvaton
IsraeliIsraeli
Salvation is concrete and may beSalvation is concrete and may beexperienced “here and now.” experienced “here and now.”
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EVANGELII NUNTIANDI
Salvation is “liberation from everything thatSalvation is “liberation from everything that
oppresses human beings; but speciallyoppresses human beings; but specially
liberation from sin and the evil one; in the joy of liberation from sin and the evil one; in the joy of
knowing God and being known by Him. …Thisknowing God and being known by Him. …Thisliberation in the framework of the Church’sliberation in the framework of the Church’s
specific mission, cannot be contained in thespecific mission, cannot be contained in the
simple and restricted dimension of economics,simple and restricted dimension of economics,
politics, social or cultural life; it must envisagepolitics, social or cultural life; it must envisagethe whole man, in all his aspects, right up tothe whole man, in all his aspects, right up to
and including the openness to the absolute,and including the openness to the absolute,
even the divine absolute.”even the divine absolute.”
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Sins in the form of sinfulSins in the form of sinful
structures or institutions of thestructures or institutions of the
society or situation that promotesociety or situation that promote
sinful attitudes or behavior andsinful attitudes or behavior andthe complicity of persons in thethe complicity of persons in the
evils of society by activity or evils of society by activity or
passively participating in thesepassively participating in theseevils.evils.
SOCIAL SINSOCIAL SIN
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TYPOLOGIES OF SOCIAL SIN
SinfulSinful
StructuresStructures
SinfulSinful
SituationsSituationsSinfulSinful
AttitudesAttitudes
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““There are sinful social structuresThere are sinful social structures
when there is habitual pattern of when there is habitual pattern of
human interactions, infected by sin,human interactions, infected by sin,selfishness, injustice, pride, greed.selfishness, injustice, pride, greed.
They perpetuate disvalues. They areThey perpetuate disvalues. They are
inducements to sin and are formidableinducements to sin and are formidable
obstacle to Christian living.”obstacle to Christian living.”-PCP II #82--PCP II #82-
Sinful StructuresSinful Structures
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They lead people to becomeThey lead people to become
greedy and selfish.greedy and selfish.
Sinful SituationsSinful Situations
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Attitudes of people who allow or Attitudes of people who allow or
directly participate in the evil that isdirectly participate in the evil that is
being done against othersbeing done against others..
It also involves the sin of omission, i.e.,It also involves the sin of omission, i.e.,
the inaction of some people to preventthe inaction of some people to prevent
evil from taking place.evil from taking place.
Sinful AttitudesSinful Attitudes
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“What is the cause of poverty?”
The root problem is the “gross
unequal distribution of wealth.” Some people have more than they
need while the rest do not even
the basic necessities of life.
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You are not making a gift of your
possessions to the poor person. You are handing over to him what
is his. For what has been given in
common for the use of all, youhave arrogated to yourself. The
world is given to all, and not only
to the rich.PP #23
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One of the greatest injustice of the
contemporary world consistsprecisely in this: that the ones who
possess much are relatively few and
those who possess almost nothingare many. It is the injustice of the
poor distribution of the goods and
services originally intended for all.
SRS #23
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at is the mission of the Church today?
The Church considers her
mission as a continuation of theliberating mission of Christ.
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t is the mission of the Church today?
Mission of Jesus Christ
Mission of the Church
(Kingly) (Priestly) (Prophetic)
Service for :
Development
Integral humandevelopment
Prayer/worship for :
Deeper
Relationshipwith God
Proclamation of :
Peace
- founded on truth- built according to justice- practiced in freedom
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at is the mission of the Church today?
Indeed, the social
mission of the Church is
founded on the ministry
and mission of Christ.
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at is the mission of the Church today?
This mission gives the Church the
duty and authority to teach and
interpret the message of the Gospelto the present context and thereby
guide and assist all people in the
pursuit of their total salvation.
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AS CHRISTIANS, WE SHOULD ALWAYS
FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE OF CHRIST AND
STAND FOR WHAT IS TRUE AND JUST.WE CANNOT MAKE A CHOICE. WE CAN
NOT BE NEUTRAL. THE EXPRESSION OF
OUR FAITH SHOULD ALWAYS BE
PREFERENTIAL, NEVER NEUTRAL.
And this faith can only be expressed and
must be expressed through our social,economic, political and cultural
involvement here and now.
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3. Theological
reflection
PRAYER
1. Experience
2. Social analysis4. Planning /
action
Four-step cycle of Christian praxis
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PCP II #275
This conversion and social
transformation is not just one
moment of definitive change. Itis a lifelong task, striving from
the less perfect to the ever
more perfect, from death to life,from life to ever fuller life.
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Name: ______________________ Date: __________
Course/Year/Section: __________
What are your responsibilities to the society and/or to the
Church? List down 5 of your primary responsibilities and give the
reasons why you consider them as the most important ones.
Responsibilities Reasons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What other tasks, aside from preaching, catechesis and
administration of sacraments are being done in your community inorder to spread the Gospel?
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???
The Philippines is branded as a
“disaster prone area”:
it belongs to the “ring of fire”
…Tskkk Ahhh!!!
11
STEP I: The Filipino Experience
(Signs of the Times)
STEP I: The Filipino Experience
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STEP I: The Filipino Experience
(Signs of the Times)
The Ring of Fire is a zone of frequent earthquakesand volcanic eruptions that encircles the basin of the Pacific
Ocean. It is shaped like a horseshoe and it is 40,000 km
long. It is associated with a nearly continuous series of
oceanic trenches, island arcs, and volcanic mountain ranges
and/or plate movements. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt or the circum-Pacific seismic belt.
90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the
world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire. The
next most seismic region (5-6% of earthquakes and 17% of
the world's largest earthquakes) is the Alpide belt which
extends from Java to Sumatra through the Himalayas, the
Mediterranean, and out into the Atlantic. The Mid-Atlantic
Ridge is the third most prominent earthquake belt.
Ahhh!!!
STEP I: The Filipino Experience
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STEP I: The Filipino Experience
(Signs of the Times)
STEP I: The Filipino Experience
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STEP I: The Filipino Experience
(Signs of the Times)
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???
The Philippines is branded as a
“disaster prone area”:
part of the Philippines, particularly the
eastern part in the Pacific Ocean is
called “the cradle of typhoons”
…Tskkk Ahhh!!!
STEP I: The Filipino Experience
(Signs of the Times)
22
STEP I: The Filipino Experience
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p p
(Signs of the Times)
STEP I: The Filipino Experience
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STEP I: The Filipino Experience
(Signs of the Times)
Manila - The fourth devastating super typhoon in as
many months battered the Philippines, setting off avolcanic mudslide and widespread flooding that killed at
least 109 people and left dozens more missing, officials
said on Friday.
Glen Rabonza, head of the national office of civildefence, said 200 body bags were being shipped to the
disaster zone at the request of provincial officials. With
power and phone lines downed by powerful winds,
helicopters were carrying out aerial surveillance of cut-off
areas.
"Our rescue teams are overstretched rescuing
people on rooftops," Rabonza said after President Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo was briefed on the storm's aftermath.
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Economy Environment
Education
Signs of the TimesSigns of the Times
Socio-Cultural Political
Sources of Hope
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Sources of HopeSources of Hope
the unwavering faith of thethe unwavering faith of theFilipino peopleFilipino people
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Sources of HopeSources of Hope
the increasing social awarenessthe increasing social awarenessand concern for social changeand concern for social change
and developmentand development
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Sources of HopeSources of Hope
the commonalities that existthe commonalities that existamong different culturesamong different cultures
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Sources of HopeSources of Hope
the growing number of the growing number of NGO’s and PO’sNGO’s and PO’s
Name: Date:
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A writer wrote that the Filipino culture is adamaged culture characterized by a failure in
nationalism, total devotion to those within the
circle, total war to those outside, a contempt for
the public good, submission to doctrine andauthority and national ambition to change
nationality. How do you react to this? Do you
agree with him? Why?
______________________ __________
Course/Year/Section: __________
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Social analysis is the effort toSocial analysis is the effort to
fully understand a particular fully understand a particular social situation. It serves as a toolsocial situation. It serves as a tool
that permits us to grasp thethat permits us to grasp the
reality with which we are dealing.reality with which we are dealing.
STEP II: Social Analysis
( A Tool for Social Transformation)
Octagesima Ad eniens
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It is up to Christian communities to
analyze with objectivity the situation
which is proper to their own country, to
shed in it the light of the Gospel’s
unalterable words and to draw principles
or reflection, norms of judgment, and
directives of action from the socialteaching of the Church. (O.A. #4)
Octagesima Adveniens
(Call to Action)
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A thorough social analysis, structural
and cultural, is to be promoted more
intensely in the process of building up
discerning communities of faith,
precisely to the end that their efforts at
social transformation take into account
hard social realities and carried throughfrom a genuine perspective of faith.
PCP II (Art. 22 #1)
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Social Analysis
Subjective DimensionObjective Dimension
various organizations
and
institutions
consciousness,
values, ideologies,
attitudes of the
members of society
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Limitations of Social AnalysisLimitations of Social Analysis
11
22
It is not designed to provide an immediateIt is not designed to provide an immediate
answer to the question, “What do we do?”answer to the question, “What do we do?”
It is not a guideline that gives us a step byIt is not a guideline that gives us a step by
step solution to the problem.step solution to the problem.
It is simply like a diagnosis to a sicknessIt is simply like a diagnosis to a sickness
than the treatment. It does not provide athan the treatment. It does not provide acure.cure.
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Name: ______________________ Date: __________
Course/Year/Section: __________
Give the first five most important social issues that the
Church must address today. Rank them from 1-5. Give the reasonfor your ranking and the possible cause/s of these issues.
What do you suggest that the Church leaders should do in
order to respond to these issues?
Issues Reason/s Cause/s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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What does my faith tell me to doWhat does my faith tell me to do
As a member of the Church, what am IAs a member of the Church, what am Isupposed to dosupposed to do
What is my missionWhat is my mission
What does the Church magisteriumWhat does the Church magisterium
say about the issuesay about the issue
STEP III: Fruits of Theological Reflection
1 The Nature and Development of the
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STC is the entire teaching of theSTC is the entire teaching of theecclesiastical magisterium thatecclesiastical magisterium that
applies revealed truth and Christianapplies revealed truth and Christian
moral principles to the social order. Itmoral principles to the social order. Itapplies the Gospel message to socialapplies the Gospel message to social
reality.reality.
The purpose of the Church’s socialThe purpose of the Church’s socialteaching isteaching is to present to all humanto present to all human
beings God’s plan for secular reality beings God’s plan for secular reality ..
1. The Nature and Development of the
Church’s Social Teaching
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BEST KEPT SECRET
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STC is at the heart ofwho we are and what webelieve in and therefore,
should be proclaimed andshared effectively. Itshould not remain a
“secret.”
GOD (Yahweh)
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SOCIAL TEACHING OF THE CHURCHSOCIAL TEACHING OF THE CHURCH
JESUS CHRIST JESUS CHRIST
GOD (Yahweh)DIVINE LAW
Natural Law
Adam & Eve Abraham
ISRAELITES
CHURCHSACRED TRADITION SACRED SCRIPTURES
Human Experienceand
Reason
MAGISTERIUM
P l P
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OCIAL TEACHING OF THE CHURCH
LOCI OF MAGISTERIAL TEACHING
Papal Pro-
nouncements
matters of faith
ApostolicLetters
Canon Law
CCL
Encyclicals
Meeting of all
bishops under
the leadership
of the Pope
Ecumenical
Council
Synod of
Bishops
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CONTENT OF THE SOCIAL
TEACHING OF THE CHURCH
PRINCIPLESTRUTH VALUES
STC contains truth,
both moral and
religious truth that
Christians have to
know and believe.
Principles are what
one has to do or put
into practice.
These are what
Christians have to
respect, defend
and cherish.
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HISTORY OF THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE
SOCIAL TEACHINGS OFTHE CHURCH
Rerum Novarum Pope Leo
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e m ova m opeLeo
XIII
Condition of Labor May 1891ISSUES RESPONSES
Production is controlled by a few
Concentrated wealth promotes
greed
Masses are destitute
Inhuman conditions exist
Fix limits of private possession
by the industry of men and the
peoples
Recall that just ownership of
money is distinct from just use:
- challenge the rich to give to
poor; bind state to serve
common good.
Promote trade associations and just wages
Call the Church to unite the rich
and the poor.
Rerum Novarum Pope Leo
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p
XIII
Condition of Labor May 1891ISSUES RESPONSES
Decline of morals causes conflict
Socialism rejects private property
Socialism favors class warfare
theory
Recognize that private property
is a right and stabilizer of society
Encourage equitable relations
between capital and labor.
Quadragesimo Anno
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Q g
Pope Pius XI
Reconstructing Social Order May 1931ISSUES RESPONSES
Free competition has destroyed
itself
Wealth is concentrated
Economic dictatorship controls
investment and credit
Economic instability leads to loss
of morals
Public authority is slave to men’s
greed
Bring competition under public
authority
Share superfluous wealth
Seek just distribution of created
goods
Apply laws of Christian
moderation and charity
Promote international
cooperation in economic life
Quadragesimo Anno
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Q g
Pope Pius XI
Reconstructing Social Order May 1931ISSUES RESPONSES
Communism seeks class warfare
and extermination of private
property
Workers are non-owning and
receive unjust wages
Encourage partnership in
ownership or management,
reserve certain kinds of property
to the state
Give workers just wages
Mater Et Magistra Pope
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g p
John XXIII
Christianity & Social Progress May 1961ISSUES RESPONSES
Private enterprise and the state
are for the common good
Agriculture is a depressed sector
of the economy
Remuneration of work must be
just
Private property holders have
social responsibility
Support the state in promoting
the economy for the benefit of all
citizens
Make an effort to develop
industry and agriculture as
regards technological progress
Foster the expression and value
of the individual
Aid less-developed countries
Mater Et Magistra Pope
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g p
John XXIII
Christianity & Social Progress May 1961ISSUES RESPONSES
Prosperous and poor nations
grow more divergent
Christian social doctrine is an
integral part of Christian life
Communicate a strong, Christian
social doctrine
Affirm employee profit-sharing
policies
Encourage effective safeguards
against monopolization
Pacem in Terris Pope
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p
John XXIII
Peace of Earth April 1963ISSUES RESPONSES
Nuclear war is constant fear
Armaments are continually
increasing
Present governments are
inadequate to promote universal
common good
Establish peace on mutual trust
Agree on disarmament with
effective controls
Set up world-wide authority
bases on subsidiary
Gadium Et Spes
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p
Vatican II
Church in the Modern World December 1965ISSUES RESPONSES
Economic inequalities are
immense
Hunger, poverty, illiteracy
torment huge proportion of
world’s citizens and foster
discputes
Abundance of wealth and
resources enjoyed by few
Nuclear war remains a threat
Change modern world commerce
radically
Work for political and economic
decisions which conform to
human dignity
Urge state to distribute goods
fairly, especially insufficiently
cultivated estates
End arms race with disarmaments
backed by adequate and workable
safeguards
Gadium Et Spes
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Vatican II
Church in the Modern World December 1965ISSUES RESPONSES
Human interdependent in the
world is growing
Lack of true Christianity
contributes to atheism
Establish international
community with subsidiarity
Challenge Christians to take
seriously their temporal duties
activated by justice and love
Populorum Progressio
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Pope Paul VI
Development of Peoples May 1967ISSUES RESPONSES
Pernicious opinions held about
economics:
profit as chief incentive in
economic development
profit as chief incentive in
economic development
private ownership of means
of production as an absoluteright with neither limits nor
social duty
Remind more affluent of their
duties:
give assistance to develop-
ment of poorer nations
improve trade relations
according to social justice
do not allow own progress
to hinder others’development
Expropriate if necessary for
common good
Octogessima Adveniens
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Pope Paul VI
Call to Action May 1971ISSUES RESPONSES
Flagrant inequalities exist in the
economic, cultural and political
development of the nations
Every social ideology contains
possible ambiguities
Modern economy creates new
problems:
fairness in exchange of goods
and division of wealth;
sharing of responsibility
Revise the relationships between
nations:
international division of
production; structure of
exchanges; control of
profits
Allow each country to promote
its own development
Share responsibility and
decision-making
Synod Statement Synod
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of Bishops
Justice in the World November 1971ISSUES RESPONSES
Injustices building a network of
domination, oppression, and
abuses around the world
Wealth, power, decision-making
in the hands of few
Arms race is threatening man’s
highest good - life
Ratify and adhere to U.N.
Declaration of Human Rights
Recognize right to development
composed both of economic
growth and participation
Support international
organizations capable if
restraining armaments race,discouraging trade in weapons,
and settling conflicts by peaceful
methods
Synod Statement Synod
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of Bishops
Justice in the World November 1971ISSUES RESPONSES
Richer nations’ increasing high
rates of consumption
Marginal people increasing
because of rapid growth in
population and labor force, lack
of agrarian reform, and massive
migratory flow to cities
Proclaim, educate, and witness to
justice at all levels
Recognize individual and social
sin
Foster aims of second
development decade
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Laborem Exercens Pope John
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Paul II
On Human Work May 1981ISSUES RESPONSES
Rising conflict between labor and
capital
The question of finding work for
all who are capable of it.
Priority of labor over capital as
opposed to the economistic and
materialistic thought
Respect and promotion of the
rights of workers – just wages,
trade unions, ownership
The agents defined here as
indirect employer must make
provision for overall planning
International collaboration in
planning and organizing labor
Provide work for disabled person
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T hank
Y ou
!