Thomas Drake Gloria Estrada English 1302 1:00 MWF 23 April 2009

Point of View in An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge Ambrose Bierce, in his short story entitled An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge uses a powerful transition of point of view. This brings about a good dramatic effect in the flow of the story. The reader is given an insiders look into the characters mind. Bierce has a surprise in the last paragraph that makes the story powerful, even though its short. The overall success of a story depends on its plot. The plot depends on elements like setting, tone, and characters. It even depends on the authors use of point of view. The point of view refers to the authors voice in the story. The three major points of view are first person, second person, and third person. Each one can be used more than once in a story. Daniel E. Samide, a contributing author for the Literature Resource Center Database, wrote an article entitled Anatomy of A Classic: Ambrose Bierce Cleverly Used Some Key Literary Tools in Crafting His Civil War Tale: An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge. In this article, he explains that, Bierce chooses the only point of view possible for concealing Farquhars death. (Daniel E. Samide 4). This is true because the story suggests that Farquhar has escaped the hanging. For example, Bierce writes, He unclosed his eyes and saw again the water below him. If I could free my hands, he thought, I might throw off the noose and spring into the stream(Roberts 71). But, at the end, the reader is surprised to learn that Farquhar has already died. Samide goes on to clarify that, This perspective, often called limited omniscience, features a third-person narrator who tells the story as an observer offstage(Anatomy 4) This is almost like a newspaper reporter writing an article. Edgar V. Roberts, in Literature:An

Introduction To Reading and Writing, discusses the ways that points of view can be interchanged. He observes that, Bierce keeps our attention focused on the reactions of the major character, Peyton Farquhar, until the last paragraph of the story(Roberts 114). The last paragraph is where the surprising shift of point of view occurs. Bierce shows the reader that Faraquhar has been hanged instead of seeming to escape. Roberts explains this unique literary effect when he writes that, This shift in point of view is an almost brutal pronouncement that none of Farquhars hopes can ever come true(Roberts 114). It is as if Bierce is playing mind games with his readers. He makes us believe that his character has escaped the execution. But then he pulls the curtains to reveal that Peyton Farquhar has been hanged. The last sentence reads, Peyton Farquhar was dead; his body, with a broken neck, swung gently from side to side beneath the timbers of the Owl Creek Bridge(Roberts 75). I do not think the audience quite expected that ending. Concerning Farquhars illusory escape, Samide observes that, His point of view legitimately forces us to experience Farquhars hallucinated escape and thus believe in it(Anatomy 6). This literary device makes for an unexpectedly sombre ending. One moment we are happy that he escaped. The next moment, we are shocked to learn that it was all a hallucination. Even short stories can have surprises that the reader does not expect. As shown above, Bierce uses limited omniscience to enhance the readers experience of An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge. The reader can see into Peyton Farquhars mind and feel his pain. For example, in the story, Ambrose Bierce writes, His neck was in pain and lifting his hand to it found it horribly swollen(Roberts 75). Bierces dramatic point of view heightens this effect. Samide points out in his article that, Bierce chooses the only point of view possible for concealing Farquars death-a first necessity if he wishes to mystify us(Anatomy 4). And mystify us he does! The use of flashback complements the point of view. Samide elaborates on this by

Thomas Drake Gloria Estrada English 1302 1:00 MWF 23 April 2009

saying that, The narrator enters Farquars mind and stays there through Farquhars entire hallucination of escape(Anatomy 5). In the story, for example, Bierce writes, He closed his eyes in order to fix his last thoughts upon his wife and children(Roberts 71). Bierce created an amazing short story through his creative usage of limited omniscience. He allowed his readers to enter his characters mind and experience his hanging. His hallucinated escape packed an emotional punch. Just when we though things were well, we get a sombre surprise. That is the magic of stories. When you least expect it, good or bad things can happen to the character in the story.

Works CitedDaniel E. Samide. "Anatomy of a Classic: Ambrose Bierce Cleverly Used Some Key Elements...." May 2005. EPCC Library Databases. 21 April 2009 . Roberts, Edgar V. Literature: An Introduction To Reading and Writing. 4th. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2008.