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2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 Lecture #26

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Page 1: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

2D Animation

Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age

Donald P. GreenbergNovember 22, 2016

Lecture #26

Page 2: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”
Page 3: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Motion

© National Geographic

Page 4: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Animation is not producing

“Drawings which move”

but rather

“Motions which are drawn”

– Disney Studios

Page 5: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Richard Williams. “The Animator’s Survival Kit,” 2001 Richard Williams & Imogen Sutton

Page 6: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Newton’s Apple, 1970

From Stopping Time, The Photographs of Harold Edgerton” by Harry N. Abrams, 1987.

Page 7: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Richard Williams. “The Animator’s Survival Kit,” 2001 Richard Williams & Imogen Sutton

Page 8: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Richard Williams. “The Animator’s Survival Kit,” 2001 Richard Williams & Imogen Sutton

Page 9: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Zoetrope

Page 10: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Animation – Windsor McKay’s Gertie

Page 11: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”
Page 12: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”
Page 13: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Animation – Snow White

Page 14: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”
Page 15: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

2D Cel Animation

Page 16: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

• What is cartoon animation?

– A sequence of drawings which, when viewed in rapid succession, create

an illusion of continuous life-like movement.

• Cel animation

– Process in which background and action are drawn separately

– Background and action are placed together when ready to film

Cartoon Animation

Page 17: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Cel-animation

Standard Animation Cel Standard Animation

Cel

With Background

Page 18: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Cel-animation

Page 19: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”
Page 20: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Cel-animation

Page 21: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”
Page 22: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”
Page 23: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Cel animation camera stand

Page 24: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”
Page 25: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Background is drawn and colored

Key animator draws the most important, or key, frames of character

In-betweener fills in the key frames with all the action required of the character

Cels are inked and painted

Checker places each cel on the background and checks the quality of art and movement

Each cel is filmed

Steps for creating cel-animated films

Page 26: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

The Nereus Animation System

Page 27: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

The Nereus Animation System

Page 28: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

The Nereus Animation System

Page 29: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

The Nereus Animation System

Page 30: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

The Nereus Animation System

Page 31: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

The Nereus Animation System

Page 32: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

The Nereus Animation System

Page 33: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Partial automation

– Backgrounds can be drawn and colored on a computer

– Key frames are still drawn by key animator

– All in-between frames are still drawn by animators

– Cels can be inked and painted on a computer

– Cel and background can be put together and checked with a computer

and then filmed

Page 34: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

– All artistic control stays with the animators

– The cost of the most expensive part of the production

process (inking and painting) is vastly reduced

(1/10th)

– Can still take advantage of special features

> Zooming

> Color changes

> Multi-Plane camera simulation

> Reduction in scale

Advantages of Partial Animation

Page 35: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”
Page 36: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

Hanna-Barbera Animation System

Page 37: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”
Page 38: 2D Animation - Cornell Program of Computer Graphics · 2D Animation Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Donald P. Greenberg November 22, 2016 ... “The Animator’s Survival Kit,”

END