TI~ t~OyflL Ofux~

I4OTL~JLJElfl

XMNTN

WITH A FOREWORD BY

MARVIN E. FOWLER

Provincial Grand Master. United Statesof America

PRESS OF HENRY EMMERSON, NEW YORK

19 6o

BY

FOREWORD

Copyright 1960

Harold V. B. Voorhis

Printedin the United Statesof America

The mostprofound mystery in Masonry is its origin. Back ofthe period of authentic recoided history stretch misty avenues ofspeculation.So it is also with the Royal Order of Scotland. Interestingand beautiful theoriesof origin prevail. But this is not history—therecord of authentic, indisputable events. The pearls of truth cansometimesbe brought to view only through intensive investigation,and unfortunatetymany records that would be invaluable to us areno longer available—if indeed they ever existed.

There is always a tendencyto review the pastand to prophesythe future. Pride in accomplishmentis one of the impelling forcesthat leadsto progress. To review the past, to study the early days ofour institution, and record notableeventsfor posterity is the purposeof this history of our Royal Order.

This work is as completea history of the Provincial GrandLodgefor the United Statesof America as is feasible to preparefrom ob-tainabledata, containing as it does all available facts of generalim-portance,andcoveringthe formativeyears in the establishmentof ourProvincial GrandLodgeto ‘959.

The accountof the early eventsthat resulted in the formationof the presentGrandLodge in Scotland,the introductionof the Orderinto the United States,and the progressthat hasbeenmadethroughthe years should make enjoyable as well as instructive readingfor allmembersof the Order.

The authoris to be highly commendedfor his extensiveresearchand for his meticulousattention to pertinentdetail. He hasexercisedgood judgment in the selection of material and acceptanceonly ofsuch data as is of unquestionedauthenticityand reliability. He haswoveui togetheran intriguing history of the Royal Orderof Scolland.

The historian has well and faithfully performedhis task. Thisvolume will stand as testimony to his zeal, ability, and indefatigableindustry.

MARviN E. FOWLER,

PROv. GRAND MASTER

3

PR EFACE

Over a period of years many questions havebeen askedof me(in person and by [etter) concerningthe Royal Order of Scotland.Many of thesecould not be answeredas there seemsto be no placewhere the answersare set down. I resolved,therefore,to do a bit ofreseaichconcerningthe history of the Order so thatpertinentquestionsregarding the organization,especially in the United States,might befound easily.

The first problemwas making a completelisting by name,dateofaffiliation, place of Masonic membership,and date of deathor otherreasonsfor unaffiliation From 1878 to September25, 1958, I found3767 members.A set of cardswas made(with the helpof Mrs. Voorhis)and after correctionsanderrors were ironed out, many with the helpof the Provincial Grand Secretary,Charles Samson, the final figurecheckedwith the records of living membersin the office of theOrder.1 then compiled the rest of the information which I thought wou[dbe of valueand inteiest. The Pioceedings,however,did not recordthemodusoperandiused to introducethe Order into the United States.Iam indebtedto GeorgeS Draffen, M.B.E., Junior GrandWardenofthe RoyalOrderin Scotland,for thesearchof therecordswhich broughtforth this information.

Not only did Sir George,who is a renowned Masonic historian,“help, aid and assist” me as above mentioned,but he has graciouslyallowed me to reproduce“Some Notes on the Early Recordsof theOrder,” which appearedin Volume XXXII (i957) of the Proceedingsof the GrandLodge of the Order. This covers all that is known ofhistorical interest from 1754 to 1775. It is an excellentwork and showsthe existencefrom, at least, 1754 as an entity. This is a date earlyenoughto antedatethat provenby mostother Masonicgroups outsideof Cmft Masonry.

And, finally, my thanks are again extended to my printei, andMasonic colleague,Rt. V/or Henry Emmerson,for his many sugges-tions of details in putting the work in print. It is a continuationof helphehasso admirablygiven in all my previousbookswhich he hasprinted.

It is my hope that the contentsof this brochurewill help ourmembers to know somethingabout the Royal Order to which theybelong.

Harold V B. Vooihis, X.M.N.T.N.

C 0 N T E N T S

Foreword 3

Preface . .

SomeNotes on theEarly Recordsof the Order 9

The Royal Order in the United States Befoie 18—7 17

The Formative Years of the Provinceof the United States . . . 20

Certificate of Aihert Pike as Provincial Grand Master . facing 24

JosiahH Drummond, SecondProvincial Grand Master 29

Certificateof Provincial GrandLodge of U SA facing 32

ames D. Richardson, Third Provincial Grand Master

The Provincial GrandLodge of the United StatesSince i9i4 . . . .42

Provincial Grand Masters . . . 46

Provincial Grand Secretaries . 46

Affiliates . . 46

I’vlemhership Statistics . . .. . 47

Memhersof theGrand Lodge . 49

Distrihution of Memhership hy States . .

Provincial Grand Lodges . . .

The Royal Order of Scotlandandthe ScottishRite 53

7

SOME NOTES ON THE EARLY RECORDS OF THE ORDER

BY GEORGES. DRAFFEN, M.B.E., JUNIOR Ga~i’m WARDEN

[N JULY, 1750, the Provincial Grand Master of South Bntain re-ceived a petition from a certain William Mitchell and~one JonasMuck to erect a Chapterof The Royal Order at The Hague in theSevenUnited Provinces,as the Netherlandswas at that time called.The onginal petition is still in the archivesof the Order in Edinburghandcarnesan endorsementto theeffect that it was granted.We knowthat this endorsementis a statementof fact, for the original Charteris also in thearchivesin Edinburgh.The Charterauthorizesthe intend-ed Chapterat The Hague to conferalso the Degreeof R.S.Y.C.S.

WhetherWilliam Mitchell ever returnedto The Hague is notknown. What is certain is that he was residentin Edinburgh in 1753

andvisited St. David’s Lodge(now No. 36) as “The N’lost WorshipfulGrand Master of the SevenUnited Provincesand Provincial GrandMaster from London Kilwinning over all EuropeBritain excepted.”The quotationis from the MinuteBook of LodgeSt. David underthedate 12th Septembei,1753. Thereis a similar entry in its Minute Bookunder the date ioth October 1753. This record is of some importanceas it is proof that rn 1753, at least,Mitchell still regardedhimself asthe Provincial GrandMasterfor theNetherlands.

The earliestRecordBook of The Royal Order (Edinburghbody)contains the names,etc., of one Candidateadmitted in 1754, two in1755, one in 1760 and ten in 1763. We may fairly assumefrom thisrecordthat when William Mitchell returnedto Scotlandeitherhe (asseemsthe morelikely of the two alternatives)startedthe first Chapterof The Royal Order in Scotland,or that somepre-existingChapterofthe Order (of which no knowledgehassurvived) was greatly strength-enedon his return.

No information concerningMitchell himself is containedin therecordsof The Order at Edinburgh,eiccept that when he was at TheHaguehis professiontherewas Writing Master (i.e. teacherof Calli-graphy);the Characteristicof Relief which hereceivedwhenappointedas the Piovincial GrandMaster at The Hague (andwhich he retainedthroughout his subsequentconnection with the Order in Scotland);his few attendancesat Meetings of the Order in Scotland;that he was,on his own account,admitted to theOrder in Francein 1749 andagain

9

in London in i~~o; and that his last attendanceat a Meeting of theOrderin Edinburghwas in 1770.

The HagueCharterin the archivesof GrandLodge is the originaldocument,but it doesnot seemthat theEdinburghbody ever regardedthat documentas authority underwhich it might or should work. Itspreservation in Edinburgh seems to be a concomitantof Mitchell’sretum to Scotland.Having no further use for his HagueCharterandCommission,it would be naturalfor him to handthem overfor pieser-vation by the Chapterof the Oider which he hadset up or which hejoined on his returnto Scotland.

If the recordsare correct,and thereseemsno reasonto doubttheiraccuracy, Mitchell appearsto have gone slowly about Royal Ordermattersin Scotlanduntil 1763, whenwe have a largeinflux of mem-bers.It is possiblethat therewere more admissionsthanare iecorded,for the RecordBook containsa list of some ten memberswho wereexpelledfrom the Order before i 767 and whosedatesof admissionarenot given.

The Royal Order body set up or joined by William Mitchell inEdinburghmet in the LodgeRoom of Lodge St. Andrew and appearsto havemovedto St.David’s LodgeRoomsabout1764.Later it met inthe Roomsof LodgeSt. Giles which laterbecamethoseof The Lodgeof Holyrood House (St. Luke’s).

Calculations made from the recordedattendancesafter 3ist Oc-tober, 1766, the date of the first Minute of the Edinburgh Chapterwhich is now the GrandLodgeof the Royal Order,show that at leastforty-six admissions tcok place between 1763 and the 3ist October,1766.The Chaptermet every monthfor someyearsafter i 767 andwemay assumethat this was probablythe practicebeforethat time. Witha monthlymeeting,thefigure of forty-six admissionsgives an averageofslightly over onecandidateper meeting.

The first recordedMeeting of the Edinburgh body held in Sf.David’s Lodge Room, took place on the 3ist of October, 1766. TheMinute is here reprintedin extenso. —

“St. David’s Lodge, 3ist Oct. i766.A Chapterwas held, at which werepresent,Sir JamesWisdom,HomeSir Vvrilliam Worship, MasonSir William Moderation,Gibb

Sir PeterDiligence, Smith (Shoemaker,LodgeNo. 92 (I.C.) in 25thRegt.)l

Sir Vvrilham Zeal, WalkerSir John Sobriety,MurdochSir Maitland Modesty, BallantinelSir Robert Assistance,Home (Merchant, R.WM. Lodge- St. David

i771. Died i771)i

Sir JohnAttention, HamiltonSir JohnSociety, StewartSir JohnCare,BrymerBro. Archd. Beauty,Meggat (Writer. R.WM. LodgeSt. Andrew 1764-

~. GrandClerk 1766-9)’Bro. Thos. Harmony, StewartBro. GeorgeFreedom,CairncrossBro. Thos.Apprchension,SandersonBro. John Submission,DuncanBrother Archd. Examination (Inglis) formerly balloted in was this

night receivedand raisedto the H R.M.Sir William Worship (Mason) proposed Br. Daniel Chapmanof

CanongateKilwinning.”

This record is written on the first page of the oldest survivingMinute Book and is clearly therecord of an establishedbody, not someneworganizationrecentlyset up. It is of interestto note that all thosepiesentwere not membersof the second(Rosy Cross) Degree.Indeed,Archibald Meggat, who had beenadmittedto the Order in 1763,hadnotyet beenpromotedto theDegreeof Rosy Crossand, in fact, thereis no recordin subsequentMinutesthat he ever was so promoted.Suc-ceedingMinutes showthat the Degreeof Rosy Crosswas workedaboutfour timesa year and only conferredupon selectedBrethrenof Here-dom. There is no indication as to how the selectionwas carried out,but it seemsto havebeena matterof the social position of theaspirant.It was not i.mtil after i8r5 that all those who were admitted to theDegreeof Heredomwere also, andat the sametime promotedto theRosy Cross Degree. There are no records of William Mitchell everhaving presidedat any Meeting of the Edinburgh Chapterand it isconsequentlyimpossibleto say whether or not he ever held the posi-

1 Information from other sourcesthan Minutes.2 The namie is spelt “Bannatine” in some,hut not all, of the succeedingMinutes.

10ii

tion of Deputy GrandMasterof the Order. It is unlikely—for, whenhe did attend,his presenceis recordedas an ordinary memberof theOrder.

At the Meeting held on 5th January,1767, the Laws andConsti-tutions were read over and approved.Thesewere later reportedashaving been engrossed“in a small elegantfolio book,” which is stillin the archivesof the Royal Orderin Edinburgh andwhich representsthe oldestcopy of the Constitutionsof the Order. It is clearly set out,in a footnoteto the first law, that the King of Scotsis GrandMasterof the Order.

Between the 31stof October 1766 and 28th July 1769 the Edin-burgh Chaptermet on thirty-oneoccasions.TheMeetings are recordedin the Minutesas “A Council of Knights” (tenMeetings),“A Meetingof the Chapter” (elevenMeetings), “Monthly Meeting” (ten Meet-ings). As far as the “Monthly Meetings” are concerned,the businessconductedindicates that a ChapterMeeting was held. On the tenoccasionson which the body met as a Council of Knights, the RosyCrossDegreewas conferredfirst, and thereaftera Chapterwas openedand a candidateadmitted to theDegreeof Heredom.

The first recordedElection Meeting was held on the 4th of July1767, theMinute being headed“being the anniversaryof the Battleof Bannockburn.”The following officers were elected:—JamesSecrecy(Ker)

2 Defenderof the Tower and Grand

Governor.William Worship 3 Deputy Governor and T. (?Tirsha-

ta)

Senior GrandWarden and DeputyT.

Junior Grand Wardenand SeniorGrandGuardian

Junior Grand GuardianGrandSecretary

SeeNoteprevious.Lihrarian to the Faculty of Advocates.Extractor. Grand Secretaryof the Grand Lodge of Scotland,1774-1795.

Memherof LodgeThistle.SeeNote 1 previous.Advocate(later Lord Polkmett).R.W.M.LodgeSt. David, 1768-70.Of Balhirnie, LodgeSt. David.

RobertAssistance(Home)4

William Honour (Baillie)5

Andrew Honesty (Balfour)’John Society (Stewart)

1

2

3

A4

56

XVilliam Zeal (Walker) GrandTreasurerJohn Care (Brymer) GrandMarishalDavid Equity (Stewart)’ Deputy Grand MarischalAlexander Defence (Orme)2 Grand Sword BearerJohn Humility (Lothian) GrandBannerBearerWilliam Obedience(Moffat) Grand ClerkWilliam Moderation (Gibb) Grand Examinerand IntroductorThomasHarmony (Stewart) GrandGuarderPeterDiligence( Smith)Maitland Modesty (Bannatine)~lGeorgeSalutation(Wnght) ~. Grand Stewards

The surnames,indicated within brackets,are not recordedin theactual record of the Meeting. There is no mention in any Meetingsof JamesKer everhaving beenelectedas GrandMaster, nor is he everreferredto by that title. As has beenalready stated,the Laws of 1767lay down that the King of Scotswas hereditaryGrand Mastei, andpreviouswriters havebeenin error in referring to JamesKer and hissuccessorsas “Grand Master.” The electionof threeofficers to fill thepositions of SeniorGrandWarden,JuniorGrand Wardenwith SeniorGrandGuardian,andJunior GrandGuardianis interesting.Thosewhohavefilled thesepositions,either in GrandLodge or Provincial GrandLodges,will appreciatethat the division of duties, evidently practisedby our predecessorsuntil as late as 186+ has somethingto recommendit, It is evidentfrom the titles and numbersof off cers electedin 1767,that therehasbeenlittle changeduring thelast two hundredyears.

That the membershipof the Edinburgh Chapterwas a limitedone is revealedin a portion of the Minute of

5th October, 1767. Therelativeportion runs:—

“It was moved by the Most Worshipful Deputy Govemorthat in respect,it had beenagreedwhen this oider was re-erectedin this country, that the Membersshould not exceedthe numberof one hundredand twelve and that that number was nearfilledup. And if the Brethrenwerenotto alterthat resolvesoonit mightbe a gieat loss to the order and many worthy Brethrenmight bedisappointedof being receivedmembers.Thereforeit was recoin-

1 David Steuart,Banker. Lord Provostof Edmhurgh,1780-82. Later A4er-chant in Barcelona.LodgeCanongate Kilwinning.2 Oj A4ugdrum,W S. LodgeCanongate Kzlwinning Died 1789.

SeeNote 2, page 70.

12 13

mendedto the BrethrenKnights that they might take this matterunder considerationandbe ready to give their opinion against themeetingof the next Council.”

There is no mention of any direct action having been taken onthis motion of the DeputyGovernor, but sincea Committeewas ap-pointed on the 4th of January 1768 to compile a list of additionalCharacteristics,it may be assumedthat the limit to membershipwasabolishedsoonafter that date. If the date of “re-erection” be takenas1754, it is possibleto trace some sixty-nine entrantsinto the Orderbetween1754 andOctober1767. If the DeputyGovernorfelt, in 1767,

that the numberof memberswas getting to a hundredand twelve thentheremust be at least thirty or thirty-five entrantsuntraced(and un-traceable)from theMinutesandothersurviving records.Some(or all)of themmight havebeenmembersof a Royal Orderbody in Edinburghexisting in 1754, if therewas sucha body.

TheMinutesof the MeetingsbetweenOctober1767 andFebruary1769 are of little historical interest. They show a lively Organization,which rejectedtwo candidatesin the ballot and admitted twenty-twomembers into the Order. A balance of £45 was reportedas in theTreasurer’shandsat thecloseof 1768 The first useof the title “GrandLodge” occurs in 1769. A Meeting was held on the 28th of July 1769and is herereproducedin part:—

“St. David’s Lodge. 28th July 1769.

TheDeputyGovernorwas pleasedto hold a GrandLodgeofKnights, in order to promoteBrother Alexandei Integrity to thedegreeof Knighthood, after which, etc. etc.”

The Deputy Govenorwas William Mason, although the recordof the Meeting gives not a single nameof a memberwho was present.After the ceremonyof promotion the Deputy Governor informedthememberspresentthat he had been able to make arrangementswiththe Edinburgh Town Council to have future meetings held in therooms of LodgeSt Giles’. This Lodgewas a tenantof the EdinburghTown Council until it united with Lodge CanongateKilwmning ini779. William Mason had also madean arrangementwith Lodge St.Giles fQr the use of the latter’s “Tables, Forms, Lustresand Steward’sRoom.” It seemsfrom the Minutes that the Royal Order met in therooms of Lodge St. Giles by “grace and favour” rather than as sub-

1 PreviouslyLodgeVernonKilwinnrng.

tenants.The Town Council askedno fee from the Royal Order, nordid Lodge St. Giles, though the Royal Order madea money gift oftwenty guineasto LodgeSt. Giles. The approvalof the Town Councilappearsto havebeennecessary,for the following entry is to be foundin the recordsof the EdinburghTown Council.

“At Edinburgh the twenty sixth day of July one thousand,sevenhundredand sixty nine years—onwhich Day, the Lord Pro-vost,MagistratesandCouncil, with the Deaconsof Crafts,ordinaryand extraordinary, of the City of Edinburgh, being in Councilassembled,therewas presentedand read in Council, a Petition, ofthe Governor and other officers of the Royal Order of AncientScots Masonry, setting forth, that the Petitioners~+io are com-posedof Members,from almost the whole regularLodges in andabout Edinburgh,had now thesatisfactionto inform the honour-able Council, that after much trouble anda greatdealof expense,they had beenable, to revive and establish’the ancientOrder ofScotsMasonry, in the metropolis of their nativecountry, whichwould beattested,by several membersof the HonourableCouncil,and memberstheieof, that the Petitionershaveneverhadany fixedplace for holding their Monthly and Quarterly Meetings.At firstthey met in the Lodge of Edinburgh St. Andiew and afterwardsby the indulgenceof the Lodge of St. David’s they were allowedto meetunder their roof, etc. etc.”

The Lodge of Edinburgh St. Andrew was charteredon the 2ndof Apnl 1745 and thereforemusthavebeenquitea young Lodgewhenfirst the Royal Order beganto meet in its rooms. Lodge St. David,chartered7th February 1739, had been called LodgeCanongatefromLeith until 764 50 that it was probablyafter that datethat the RoyalOrder began to meet in their Lodge Room The expressionin thePetition “from almost the whole regular Lodges in and about Edin-burgh” means,in my view, that the membersof the Royal Order GrandLodge were drawnfrom the Craft Lodges in and aroundEdinburgh,not from otherRoyal Order Lodges.

Lodge St. Giles were somewhatoffended that the Royal Ordershouldhavepetitionedthe Town Council over their headsandwithoutconsultingthem as to a possiblesub-let, but the matter was amicablysettledand the Royal Order held their first Meeting in St. Giles’ Lodge

This phraseologywould he applicahieto eventsafter 1754 evenif therewas a RoyalOrder hody then existingin Edinhurgh.

14 15

Room on the 27th of November 1769. The lastMeeting held in St.

David’s LodgeRoom, on 4th of October 1769, had but little businessbeforeit and the recordcloseswith the words,“Therebeing no furtherbusinessa number of the Biethren adjournedto a tavem and suppedtogether, took a social glass and then retired to their respectivelodg-ings.”

The ~%4inuteof 27th November1769 gives, in a letter to LodgeSt. Giles re datesof Meetings,the details of the RegularMeetings ofthe Royal Orderat this time. TheseMeetingswere:—

(1) The FourthDay of January,April, JulyandOctober,and(2) The last Friday of every month, except Novemberand De-

cember,and(~) The iath of December

a total of fifteen L\4eetings a year. As a generalrule, but not invariablyfollowed, the “Rosy Cross” or “Knighthood” was conferred only onthe Quarterly Meetings in January,April, July and October.

The iecordof the Meetingof 2 ~rdFebruary1770 containsthe lastrecordedattendanceof William Relief ~%4itchell.

The Annual L\4eetingof 4th July 1771 is of interestbecauseof themotion, laid before a meeting on 6th May 1771, that for the futurethe Characteristicof Wisdom,StrengthandBeauty,should be attachedto the holdersof the offices of Deputy Governorand the two GrandGuardianswhile in office. This was agreedto and as BrothersJohnPhilip andArchibaldMeggat thenheld the Characteristicsof Strengthand Beauty, they were authorizedto take the new CharacteristicsofDurationandAddress.

The Meetings held between4th July i771 and 4th January1775

record nothing of historical interest.At the January1775 Meeting amotion was brought forward to purchase“a valuableand handsomesetof Jewels,which belongedto the deceasedbrother GeorgeFraserofthe Excise, and which originally had belongedto a Chapterof thisOrder held abroad.” The proposalwas unanimouslyagreedto and theJewels are still in the possessionof the Grand Lodge in Edinburgh.There is no mentionof thewheieaboutsof this “Chapterof this Orderheld abroad”andwe are left with sometantalisingspeculations.

On the 1th of July 1776, JamesKerr intimatedthat he did not de-sire re-electionto the office of DeputyGrandMasterand in his steadWilliam Baillie was unanimouslyelected.

THE ROYAL ORDER IN THE UNITED STATES

BEFORE 1877

In order to cover all mattersconcerningthe Royal Order of Scot-land in the United Statesthereis a facet, little known, which, if notset down, might plaguehistoriansor readeisin the future. -

Robert B. Folger publisheda pretentiousvolume in New Yorkiri 1862 which cameoutin a secondedition in i88i titled “The AncientandAcceptedScottish Rite, in Thirty-Three Degrees.Known Hithertoundei the Namesof the ‘Rite of Perfection’— the ‘Rite of Heredom’— the ‘Ancient Scottish Rite’ — the ‘Rite of Kilwinning’ — and last,as the ‘Scottish Rite, Ancient and Accepted,’ Etc.” Pages381 tO 395are devotedto the Royal Order of Scotland.The materialas here usedwas to bolster the claims of the “Ceineau Scottish Rite.” There area numbeiof errors in fact andsurmiseto be foundin the article, whichI shallignore. Insteadof an analysisof it I will give an accountof whatreally happened,from information suppliedto me by Sir George S.Draffen, who madethe researchinto the matter.

On May i, 1786, a charterfor a Chapterwas issuedto JeanMathie-us at Rouen,France.During thenext threeyears whencontactbetweenEngland and France was difficult becauseof the French Revolution.Mathieuscharterednine bodiesin Franceand its possessions.Noneotthese were legal as Mathieus had no authority to issue any charters.Thesechartersaie listed at the end of this chaptei.

Becausethe charterswere issued illegally, the membeis thereot’andanygroupsemanatingfiom themwerelikewise illegal. Thereis onewhich concernsus in the United States—Number8 on the list, whichis labeled “Grand and SovereignProvincial Chapterof the St. Esprit”and/or “The Provincial Lodge of St. Domingo,” situated in LittleGoave,San Domingo. The so-calledPiovincial GiandMastei was oneAchille H uetde Lachelle.Thisindividual, assumingan authoritysimilarto thatassumedby his superior,Mathieus,proceededto establishlodgesand chaptersin San Domingoandon the continentof North America,thoseon the continentbeing:

i—Chapterof Truth, Baltimore,Md.2—Amis Choisis (1798),New Yorl~, N. Y.3—Triple Union (‘795), New York, N. Y.1—Tmth and Union, Philadelphia,Pa.5—Armty andCandor,Philadelphia,Pa.

17

The Triple Union Chapterin New York was charteredin 1795 to

French refugees,who had previously constituteda Master’s Lodge(1793) “La TendreArnitie Franco-Americaine,”without any authoritywhatever. Soon after,andaboutthe time the Chapterwas formed theLodgechangedits nameto “L’Unite Americaine.” The Amis ChoisisChapterwas charteredto membersin the same Lodge. This causedsome kind of friction which resultedin a split and the namewas againchanged,this time to “L’Union Francais” in 1797. Achille Huet deLachellewas in New York just afterthe split and it was he who char-tered“L’Union Francais”Lodgeand “Amis Choisis” Chapter.As soonas they startedworking the GrandLodge of NewYork, F & A.M., in-hibitedany of their membersvisiting any of their Lodges in the State.This action stiried the members,which resultedin the GrandLodgeconstituting a Lodge of the samenamewith the samemembersonJune 26, i798—it thusbecominga legal Lodge underthe GrandLodgeand it existsto this day.

The charteringof the Lodge by the GrandLodge terminatedanyconnectionwith the RoyalOrderof Scotlandand “L’ Union Francaise”which was illegal in the first place. A copy of the chartergrantedto“Amis Choisis Chapter” shows the Issuing siguatureswith characteris-tics Wisdom, Strength, Beauty, Gratitude, Royalty, Candor, Frank-ness,Constancy,andHumanity.That of RendeJeanVanderbroeckwasoriginally Sinceritybut waschangedto Wisdom.The nameof thebodywas “Royal Orderof Heredomof I<ilwinning.”

Noneof the Americanbodiesof this periodsurvived.From varioussourcesthe following list of the bodiesof the Royal

Orderof Scotlandexisted:1— [743,London( The ‘White Swan) T.I.2— i750, London (Thistle andCrown) T.I.3— [750, London( Coachand Horses) T.I.4— [750, London (Blue Boar’s Head) T.I.

s—Dec. [1, [743,Southwark (TheGolden HorseShoe)6—Dec.20, 1741~ Deptford (TheGriffin)7—July22, 1750, The Hague,Holland8—Oct. 12, [752, Norfolk, Virginia, N. A.9—May i, 1786, Rouen, France

The body in Rouen,Francecharteredthe following illegally.i—Oct. 4’ 1786, Paris (Au Choix)2—Jan.{ 1787, Strasbourg (Beaux Arts)

i8

3—Jan.4, 1787, Laval (L’Union)4—Oct.4, 1787, Aix-en-Provence(La Douce)5—Oct. 4, i787, ChateauThierry (ChateauThierry)6—Apr. 4, 1788,Chambery7—July ~, 1788, St. Pierre, Martinique (Sinceritedes Coeurs)8—July 4, i788, Petit Goave,St. Domingo (SaintEsprit)-9—July ~, 1788, Biest (L’HeureuseRecontre)

Thebody in Scotlandthenchartered.io—May i8, 1803, Paris (Vrai Zele)u—May u8, 1803, Brest (Elus de Sully)12—May i8, 1803, Paris (ElevesdeMinerve) nevererected.13—May i8, 1803, Douai (La ParfaiteUnion)i4—Jan. 10, 1809, Dunkerque(Arnitie et Fraternite)15—Jan. 1o, 18o9, Valenciennes(ParfaiteUnion)16—fan. 10, 1809, Tournay, Belgium (FreresReunis)17—Jan. 10, 1809, Morlaix (Fidele Union)8—fan. lo, 1809, La i-Iavre (L’Amenite)

i9—fan. 10, 18o9, Paris (St. Napoleon)20—fan. io, 1809, Puy-Laurens(ParfaiteAmitie)21—fan. 10, 1809, Toulouse(La Sagesse)22—NOv. 3, 1809, Courtrai (Amitie)23—NOv. 3, a8o~, Lyons (Isis)z4—Nov. 3, i8o~, Calais( St. Louis des Amis Reunis)

25—Apr. ~, ~8ao,Levourne (Napoleon)

Noneof the nine pre-i8~oProvincial or local bodies still exist, northe nine illegal bodies chartedby the Rouengroup; nor the five illegalbodies charteredfrom San Domingo;nor the sixteenbodies 1803-1810.All thirty-ninebodies died beforethe re-activatingof thebody in Scot-land took place.

In passing,it may be noted that the Provincial GrandBody inFrancereportedto Scotlandin u8iothat it had issued twelve chartersandrequestedthe GrandLodge to homologatetheaction. It was neverdone.

19

THE FORMATIVE YEARS OF THE

PROVINCE OF THE UNITED STATES

The Proceedingsof the Province of the United Statesstart asfollows:

“In compliance with invitations issued by Sir Albert Pike, thefollowing Brethrenand Knights of the Royal Order of H.R.M. andthe R.S.Y.C.S., and members of the Grand Lodge at Edinburgh,assembledin the rooms of the SupremeCouncil A. and A. Rite for.the SouthernJurisdiction of the United States,No. 602 D Street,inthe City of Washington, on Saturday,May 4, 1878, at two of theclock, P.M.”:

CHARTER MEMBERS—piesent

i—Albert Pike, District of Columbia2—JohnRobin McDaniel, Virginia3—HenryLunde Palmer, Wisconsin

4—JamesCunninghamBatchelor,Louisiana

s—VincentLombardHurlbut, Illinois6—RobertMcCosl<ey Graham,New York7—Albert Gallatin Mackey,South Carolina8—EnochTerry Carson,Ohio9—CharlesRoome,New York

ic—CharlesEugeneMeyer, Pennsylvaniau—SamuelCrockei Lawrence,Massachusetts

CHARTER MEMBERS—not present

12—JosiahHayden Drummond,Maine13—William Morton Ireland,District of Columbia

Two documentswere presentedfor inspection by the members:i.—Charterforming a ProvincialChapterof the Order of l-I.R.M., anda ProvincialGrandLodgeof theR.S.Y.C.S.in the United States,siguedby John Whyte Melville, D.G.M. and Governor; William Mann,J.G.W, Alexander Hay, S.G.W, George Murray, G.T; and JohnBiown Douglas, G.S2.—DocumentappointingAlbert Pike the Provincial GrandMasterinthe United Statesol America.

Sir Albert Pike, Provincial GrandMaster,appointedthe CharterMembers as officers—with Josiah Hayden Drummond as Provincial

DeputyGrandMasterandWilliam Morton Ireland asProvincial GrandSecretary.Oddly, neitherof these two were present.

Therewere two membersof the Royal Order of Scotlandin theUnited StateswhenAlbert Pike enteredinto a correspondencewith theGrandLodge of the Order concerningthe formation of a ProvincialGrandLodge in the United States. One memberwas Albert GallatinGoodall of New York who was admittedin the London and the Metro-politan CountiesProvincial GrandLodgeon August8, 1873,with thecharacteristic“Adoption.” Goodall did not havea hand in the forma-tion of the United Statesbody for what appears to be two reasons.He was not a memberof the GrandLodge in Scotlandand, althougha prominentFreemasonwell known to Albert Pike, thelatter probablydid not know that he had attainedmembershipin the Royal Order.He becamethe 6rst affiliate of the newly formedbody in 1878 anddiedin membershipon February19, 1887.

The other memberwas GeorgeStodartBlackie of Nashville,Ten-nessee.He was presentin Edinburgh on April 6, 1857 and that daywas admitted to membershipin the GrandLodge, with the character-istic “Impression.”His connectionwith the formation of the ProvincialGrand Lodge of the United Statescan best be told by reproducingportionsof the July 4, i 876 minutesof theGrandLodge in Edinbuighcoveringthe circumstances

“There was taken into considerationthe correspondencewith aview to establishingthe Orderin the United Statesof America betweenBrother the Hon. Albert Pike and the Deputy Grand Master andGovernor.Also the Minutes of previousmeetingsand the correspond-encebetween the Deputy Giand Master and Governor and GrandSecretary,when, on the motion of the Deputy Grand Master andGovernor it was unanimouslyagreed:That is was desirabletheRoyalOrder of Scotlandshould be establishedin the United Statesof Amer-ica. Thatwitha view to the Orderbeingefficiently promotedandat thesametime managedso as to preserveits tone and characterthere, asit has done here, it could not be placedin safer handsthan those ofBrother the HonourableAlbert Pike and to enablethis to be carriedoutandas the only practicablemethodwhich appearsat presentopenfor admittinghim a Memberof the Order, that specialpowerbe con-ferred on Sir G.S. M.P.R.S.N (Blackie) presently at Nashville,Ten-nessee,U.S.A. by himself alone,or with the aid of oneor moreKnightsof the Order whoseattendancehe may be able to obtain, to advance

20 21

andpromoteBrothei the HonourableAlbert Pike by the Characteristicof Vigour (V.G.R.) as a Memberof the GrandLodge of the RoyalOrder of Scotland.

‘That after beingso advancedandpromotedthe said Albert Pikeshall obtain powerto advanceandpiomoteasCompanionof this Order,not less than Nine and not morethanTwelveBrethren,being MasterMasonsand Royal Arch Masons;that the said Albert Pike and thoseso advancedand promotedunder special powers shall pay their duesdirect to the Grand Lodge; shall have their Characteristicsfrom theGrandLodgeandshall be in all time to comeMembersof the GrandLodge.

“That Eiccerptsfrom this Minute certified by the GrandSecretaryshall be sufficient authority to Companion Sir G.S. M.P.R.S.N.(Blackie).

“That Characteristicsfor those to be admitted by Brother theHonourableAlbert Pikeshall, upon application,be transmitted.

“That the GrandLodge is ready to considerfavourably an appli-cation to issue a Charter and Patent for the United States,and theProvinceover which it should extend, upon a sufficient numberofCompanionsbeing recordedto form a Provincial GrandLodge.

“The letter from Sir GeorgeS. M.P.R S.N. (Blackie) datedNash-vile, Tennessee5th December,1876, and the relativeReturn certifyingthat in termsof the powerscommittedby the Minute of 4 July, 1876,hehadadvancedand promotedBrother the HonoumbleAlbert Pikeasa member of the Royal Order of Scotland and of the Grand Lodgeby the Characteristicof Vigour uponthe 4 day of December,1876.

~‘TheGrand Lodge authorizeda Diploma to be issuedto Com-panionAlbert V.G.R. (Pike) and the Secretarywas directedto enterinthis day’s minutesa vote of thanksby the GrandLodge to Sir GeorgeS. M.P.R.S.N. (Blackie) for the Return he hadmade andthe satis-factory mannerhe had fulfilled the commissionentrustedto him.

“A Chatter for a Provincial GrandLodgeand Charter in favourof the Hon.Albert Pikefor the United Statesof America,after readingcorrespondence,was authorised.to be issued,a copy of the Ritual tobe madeout andsentwith it, with such information as seemedneces-sary for the properworking of the Order, a RecordandPetition Bookduly preparedto be sent,so soonas thesewere readyand the requisite

arrangementsmade, the whole to be forwarded.”

GeorgeStodartBlackie, who brought the Royal Order of Scotlandto the United States,was involved in a numberof Masonicaffiliationsin both Scotlandand the United States.He introducedThe MasonicOrder of St. Lawrencein the United Stateswhile living in New Yorkin 1874, the story of which may be found in Miscellanea,Volume5, 1950 (Official organ of the Allied Masonic Degreesof the U.S.A.).A longsearchhasrevealedthe following information concerninghim:

GEORGE STODART Br~c1crEBorn—April 10, i8~4, County Banif, North Scotland.Died—Jone19, i88i, Nashville, Tennessee.Brother Blackie came to the United Statesin i8~6; entering at

New York City on April i9th. Hewas a graduateof the UniversitiesofEdinburgh andBobb. He traveledthroughthe middleWest andSouthand arrived in Nashville, Tennessee,June 17, 1856. On September8,i8~6, he returned to Scotland, sailing from Boston and landing atLiverpool. Hestudiedfor a few months in Paris, Edinburghand otherplacesand then returnedto the United States,going to Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,and finally to Nashville, Tennessee,reachingthe latterplace in the summerof 1857. He was married on June29, 1858, to aTennesseegirl, whosenameis not mentioned in any of the sourcesIhaveexamined.

During the warbetweenthe States,he enrolledas a Private in theRock City Guardsand was promotedto the rank of Surgeon,first inthe Provincial Army of Tennesseeand then in theArmy of the Con-federateStates.After the war he continued residencein Nashville,exceptfora shortresidencein New York, 1874-5.During the summerof1873 he madehis last trip to Scotland,on a visit. His scholastic titleswereDoctorof Medicineand Doctor of Philosophy.

MA5ONIC RECORDE.A.—i856 in CanongateKilwinning Lodge, No. 2, Edinburgh, Scot-

land,F.C. andM.M.—March 20, 1857.M.M.M.—March 27, 1857, in CanongateKilwinning R.A. Chapter

No. ~6 P.M. and R.A.M.—March 27, 1857.A.A.S.R.—April 6, i8~7—Partof degrees,including Knight of the Dove

andArk.April 8, 1857—Up to and including the 3cth degree.Conferredby the

Dukeof Atholl, 330, S.G.C., in person.K.T., K. of M. and K. of St. Johnof Jerusalem—Aprili6, 1857, Priory

of the Lothians,No. 1, Scotland.

22 23

When Claiborne Lodge No. 293, Nashville, Tennessee,openedU.D. in November i86o, he was the first Senior Waiden. He wasadmittedinto Nashville Commandery,No. i, without a demit. In 1862,during the War betweenthe States,he was at Atlanta, Georgia,andaftervisiting Coeurde Lion CommanderyNo. 2, of that place,becamethe Prelate. Upon the formation of LawsheLodge, U.D., in Atlanta,he was electedfirst Senior Warden but the fall of Atlanta preventedthe formationof the Lodge. He spentnine months in Atlanta, actingas Prelatein the CommanderyandPnncipal Sojournerin the Chapter.Hereceivedthe degreesof Royal andSelectMasterin Adonirarn Coun-oil in Atlanta in 1863 at the bandsof PastGrandMaster Hillyer (ofMississippi). On his return to Nashville,he resumed his membershipin ClaiborneLodge, No. 293, andNashville Commandery,No. 1.

In i 871, he was GrandCommanderof Knights Templarin Ten-nessee.In 1872, he was commissioneda Deputy of the Scottish Ritein EastandMiddle Tennesseealthoughhe was not a 33rd degreemem-ber. On May 8, 1872, hewas electedto receiveK.C.C.H. He musthavereceivedthe degreebut thereseemsto be no recordof it. On October19, i88o, be was electedto receivethe honorary 33rd degreebut diedbefore it was conferred.Thereare referencesto him on the followingpages of the Transactionsof the Scottish Rite, S.J.; 1870-page 234;

1872—pagesi8 and ~8, 1874—page13 and i88o—page14.

On November12, 1873, he was given a Charterto form a Collegeof Masonic Rosicruciansin New York. There is no record that it wasever used.

[n 1876he was GrandPresidentof the Holy Orderof High Priest-hcod in Tennesseeandagainin i88o.

In 1879 he wasPrincipal Conductorof Works in the GrandCoun-

oil of Tennessee,R. & S.M., and in i88o was Deputy Grand Master.He must havetransferredhis Lodge membershipto PhoenixNo.

131 of Nashville, Tennessee,as he was Secretaryof that Lodge, 1877to the time of his passing.He was also Assistant Grand Secretaryofthe GrandLodgeof Tennessee,1869 to 1872, inclusive, and for quitea long periodwas Chairmanof the Committeeon Correspondence.Hewas GrandRepresentativeof the Grand Lodge of Manitoba,Canada,in 1877.

Returning to the account of the formation in the U.S.A., Pikeconferred the Degrees on the ten others presenton May 4, 1878,

24

but the recordsin Scotlandshow the samedate for DrurarnondandIreland, neitherof whom were present at the meeting.

The CharterMemberssurvived as follows:McDaniel, May ii, 1878, 10 days

Mackey, June 20, 1881, 3 yearsRoome, June 28, 1890, 12 yearsGraham, Dec. 13, 1890, 12 years

Pike, Apr. 2, 1891, 13 yearsIreland (*), Dec. 24, 1892, 14 yearsBatchelor, July 28, 1893, 15 yearsHurlbut, July 24, 1896, iS yearsCarson (~), Feb. 23, 1899, 21 yearsDrummond, Oct. 25, 902, 24 yearsMeyer (**~), Jan. 15, 1908, 30 years

Palmer, May 7, 1909, 31 yearsLawrence,Sept. 2± 1911, ~3years(*) S.N.P.D.—i888(**) Resiguedi884—Restored1892(**j Dropped 1894

A limit of i~c members,with a margin of 25, to be equally dividedbetween the Northern andSouthernJunsdictionsof the Scottish Ritewas established, with the prerequisite of Royal Arch Mason being made.It was also voted that thememberwear the “Star andGarter.”

At the following meeting (1879) a requestfor a photographofeach member was made.By i886 only twenty-one members had com-plied with the request.The fee wasset at $ i6.co and annual dues at$~.oo. At the iSSo meeting it was ruled that nine monthsafter theannual meeting all who had not paid should be automatically dropped,S.N.P.D.

In i888, Sir Albert Pike, on behalf of Miss Eloise Wood Telfair

of New York City, daughter of Jacob RabineauTelfair, presentedabeautiful silk banner of the Order to the Provincial GrandLodge. Th~

banner had been elaborately embroidered by Miss Telfair. A letter ofthanks, sent to her after the meeting, is recordedin the Proceedingsof that year.

4 In ~886,William Oscar Roome, son-in-law of Albert Pike, wasappointed Provincial GrandSecretary.He immediatelyput the recordsof the Order in excellent condition and for thirty-three years issued

correctandexcellentannual,andother, reportsto the Provincial GrandLodge.

In 1887, Albert Pike delivered one of his several addressesgiven tothe members of the Royal Order. This one pertains (among otherthings) to a reference to his interpretationsof “The Symbolismof theBlue Lodge,” in the first section,andobservationson the Royal Orderin section two. I reproduce them verbatim as I think they should beread by every member of the Royal Order:

I have kept the promise made to you at our last session, that Iwould write out my interpretations of the Symbolism of the BlueLodge; and as soon asI canhavea fair copymade, I will place it in thekeepingof the Provincial GrandSecretary,so that it may be accessibleto thosewho may desireto read it.

It will be received upon the condition that it is not to be at anytime, in whole or in part, published, or any copy of it made. Thosethings, the knowledgewhereof was ancientlyconfined to the Adepts,are to be confined to the Adepts still, and not loosely divulged to allthe world; and no man or numberof men will ever havea right tomake common what 1 leave in special trust for a few, it being whollymine to preserve or destroyasmay seemto megood.

Masonry has been so liberal already in the divulgation of its sym-bols, as not to know that it has any left to be divulged.

A man is no longer satisfied with the acquisitionof knowledge01

the discovery of any key of mystery, for himself as a private possession,or to be shared with a few; but must forthwith rush into print andproclaim his discovery to all the world. I do not see why Masonryshould desire to expound her symbolism urbi et orhi, since its secrets arethe only ones which every one who reads has not had ampleopportun.ity to learn.

The very essence of her being consists in her symbolism. Thismakes her what she is. I have expressed this truth elsewhere in theaphorism, “Her symbolism is the soul of Free-Masonry.” Wearing themask and garb of a common and laborious trade andoccupation,sheis the oldest and most venerable of all human institutions, and refusesto discloseherselfeven to the greatmass of herown novices.

We have not caied to establish Chapters of Heredom, and so totake upon ourselvesthe caresof governmentand administration.Wefixed the utmost number of our membership at 175, for reasons satis-

factory to ourselves,having noneof that inordinatecravingfor new andconstantand numerousaccessionsto our membership,wherebygreatdetrimenthascometo Free-Masonry,by the attenuationof the ties ofbrotherhood, the slight estimate set upon solemn vows when they bindmen to the performance of onerous duties to great multitudes of others,the divulgationof too much that takesplace in the Lodges, the wildafter every new thing that commendsitself to men fond of noveltyhunt after popularity, and the itching for notoriety,and the runningand gew-gaws,as a superfluousaddition to the steadyedifice of theinstitution.

Ours is a Masonic Order of unlinown origin and antiquity. Whilewe reject as fabulous the account of its creation by Robert Bruce, assensible men reject the 6ctions once gravely repeated as truths of his-tory in regardto theEnglish Craft-Masonry,yet we know that the firstDegree of the Royal Order is of pre-historic antiquity It is, as it de-daresitself to be, a glossor commentaryupon ancientCraft-Masonry,as this then existed in Scotland, showing its religious character andChristian meaning,—Christian,with the Christianity of John Knoxand the Kirk of Scotland.

The symbols,borrowedfrom Hermeticism,and incorporatedintothe Degreesin England, are not mentioned in it. It containednomysticismand no philosphy; and it makes no mentionof the Hiramiclegend. It is a commentaryon the old ScottishMasonry, as it existedbefore innovationcommencedits work in England.

It is entitled, therefore, in an eminent degree, to call itself Ma-sonic. It is valuablelike all else that is ancientand venerable.And Ithink, moreover, that there are things in it that are worth studying,becausethey haveprofoundermeaningsthan the words seemto im-port.

Men in no small number, of whoseintelligenceone would withreasonexpect betterthings, seemcrazednow in the questfor noveltiesand the makingof newDegrees,for associationsthat entitle themselvesMasonic,and for othersto which Degreesseemas inappropriateas anoperahat would be to surmountthe headof a mule. Even in Englandthey haveinstituteda body of the Degreeof SecretMonitor, of whichtheremay in time be a GrandBody, of equal dignity and pretensionswith the Marl~ Grand Lodge.

All the Free-Masonryof the day is of modernorigin, or so modern-ized, in Lectures,Ceremonialand Symbolism, that a Mason of the

27

26

time of Elias Ashmolewould neitherbe ableto provehimself a Masonnor find anything in the Lodge that he had ever seenor heard before.The newMasonry of the Blue Lodgeno more resemblesthe old thana productof modemarchitecturalgeniusin Washingtonresemblesanold gable-roofed house still standing in Marbleheador Annapolis.Nothing that is practised to-day in Free-Masonrycan at all comparein point of ~ntiqu~tywith our Royal Order. Nothinghas beenchangedin it, no innovation hasbeenpermitted.Its quaint old diction hasbeenreligiously preserved,and no sacriligious hand has undertakento im-prove it. Here is the only place in Masonrywherethe law is, “Ask forthe old paths,whereis the good way, andwalk therein.”

“So may it continueto be hereafter,And Time’s deformedhand

Write not one strangedefeaturein its face.”

JOSIAH H. DRUMMO~4D

SECOND PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTER

I1

The fourteenthAnnual Meeting was held in Boston,Massachsetts,on September14, 1891. Sir Albert Pike hadpassedaway on April 2nd,so Josiah H. Drummond presided. The Provincial Grand Secretaryread cop~esof letters as follows:

i—Pike’s appointmentof Jacob R. Telfait of New York as ProvincialGrandTreasurerin placeof Robert McGraham (deceased)—dateDe-cember15, 1890.

2—Brummond’sletter as Acting Provincial GrandMaster, announcingtEe passingof Pike (April ic, 1891).

3—Drummond’s letter to Roome, instiucting him to obtain possessionof thewarrantbook andotherpropertyof the Royal Orderof Scotland.

4—Drummond’sletter of appointmentof Charles Heatonof Vermont,as Piovincial Giand Marischal, in place of Franklin H. Bascom (de-ceased).

The Allocution of Drummond containedsome interestingpoints,which I reproduceherewith:

It seemsthatunderthepracticeof our GrandLodgeat Edinburgh,Provincial GrandLodges are createdwhoseexistenceterminateswiththe deathor resignationof the Provincial GrandMaster. But in thecaseof our Provincial Grand Lodge an exceptionwas made to thisextent:By a supplementalcharter,its existencewas continuedfor threemonthsafter the deathof the Provincial GrandMasterthenappointed.Under this provision unless a new appointmentshould be made, thee~cistenceof this Giand Lodge would haveterminatedon the secondday of July, 1891.

I received a letter from D. MURRAY LYON, the Grand Secretary,underdateof May ui~, 1891,which is herewithsubmitted.In it BrotherLYON announcesthat theGrandLodgecontemplatedthe establishmentof otherProvincial GrandLodges in the United Stateson the groundthat the territory is too largefor only oneProvincial GrandLodge, and,as you perceive from the letter, desired my opinion in relation tothe matter.

29

GRAND LODGE OF THE Roy~xi. ORDER OF ScomA~m,~FI~E~t~soNs’ HALL,

EDINBURGH, May i3, 1891.J

Josi~ii H. DRUMMONn, ESQ.,

DeputyProv. Gr. Master.

ILLusTxous AiND DEAR BROTHER:

As next in rank to our deceasedand greatly lamentedbrother,ALBERT PUCE, the superintendenceof the Provincial GrandLodge de-volves upon you.

Grand Lodge contemplatesthe establishmentof otherProvincialGrandLodgesin the United States.The Statesis too largea territoryfor one P. G. Lodge. GrandLodgedesiresto consultyou on the point,and will be glad to receiveany suggestionsyou maybe pleasedto offer.From your past experienceand Masonic knowledgeyour hints as tothe subdivisionof America into provincesfor the working of the RoyalOrderwill beinvaluable. May I askthatyou give the subjectyour earlyattention.

With fraternal salutations,

D. MURRAY LYON,

Cr. Secretary.

I at once replied,giving my decidedopinion that the coursecon-templatedwould not be satisfactory to the membersof the Order inthis country, and, moreover,would be detrimental to the interestsof the Ordet,giving someof my reasons.

I suggested,however,that the existenceof our Provincial GrandLodge should be extendeduntil after this meeting,wheti the mattercouldbepresentedto you andwe havethebenefitof your action.

In responseto this letter I receivedfrom BrotherLYON a commun-ication datedJune i6, 1891, which is herewithsubmitted,announcingthat the ProvincialGrandLodgeof the United Statesshould, undermydirection, remain in force until the

31st day of Octobex next, a timesufficient to communicateyour action to the Giand Lodge and haveits decision what course should be taken while our Provincial GrandLodge is in life:

30

I

GRAND LODGE OF TilE ROYAl. ORDER OF ScoTL~D,1F’REEMAsoNs HALL,

EDn~BURGH, June 16, 1891

JoSIAH H. DRUMMOND, ESQ.,Acting PzovincialGrand Master,Portland.

ILLusmiousA.ND D~i~ BRom~x:GrandCommittee,havingconsideredyour letter of the ist instant,

unanimouslyresolvedthat the Provincial GrandLodge of the UnitedStatesshall, under your direction, remain in full force until the 3istday of Octobernext.

It will be gratifying to Grand Lodge to havethe benefit of youradvice with regard to thepoint raisedin my letter to you of 13th May.An impressionexists that the membershipof the R. 0. in the Statesis too limited. W’ith fraternal salutations,

Yours ever fratemally,D. MURRAY LYON,

Gr. SeczetaryYou will note the concludingsentencethat “an impressionexists

that the membershipof the Royal Order in the Statesis too limited.”I had supposedthat when the original limitation was adoptedat theorganizationof this Provincial GrandLodge, the actionwas in accord-ancewith the views and wishesof the GrandLodge. I confessthatmyown opinion accordswith that of the brethrenin Scotland, that, con-sideringthe very large numberof Masonsin this country, the numberis too limited, and the questionpresentsitself at oncewhether in anyeventthe good of the Order doesnot call for the iepealof that limita-tion, and the matterof increaseof membersbeleft to the judgmentofthe Provincial GrandLodgeas from time to time it shall deemfor itsinterests.

I believe it is the fact, however,that until within two years thelimit hasnot interfeiedwith us, but that we havehad i~om for all thecandidateswho had presentedthemselves,andprobablysuchhas beenthe fact until the presenttime, althoughI know thatat the last meet-ing petitions werebeforethe GrandLodge which werenot actedupon;still, I believethat all were acted upon from candidateswho were inattendanceanddesiredto have the ordersat that time. From inquirieswhich havebeenmadeof me andpetitionswhich havebeen presentedfor the orders, I am satisfied that if we insist upon the limit we shallhave~odecline to receivequite a numberof applications.

31

With this statement,and the oral explanationwhich I havemade,I submit the matterto you, hoping that you will give suchexpressionto your views as will enableme to makean authorativestatementofthem tQ the GrandLodge.

The membersunanimouslynominatedSir JosiahH. Drummond tobe Provincial GrandMaster. The membershiplimit of May 4, 1878was repealedand it was resolvedthat the Order continue as a singleProvincein the UnitedStatesof America.

In 1892 letters to and from Scotland incident to the mattersdis-cussedin 1891 were exhibited in the Proceedings.Also the Patent ofDrummond as Provincial GrandMaster. Thosepertinentto our recita-tion follow:

As soon as practicableafter the sessionof our Provincial GrandLodgelast year, I communicatedto the GrandLodgeour action, witha pretty full statementof what I understoodto be the views of ourmembers,andsomeof the reasonsfor thoseviews. In due courseI re-ceived a reply from the GrandSecretary,BrotherD. MURRAY LYON:

GRAND LODGE OF THE ROYAL ORDER OF SGOrLAND,]

Fiixx=vaasONs’HALL,

EDINBURGH, October 12, 1891 JJOSIAH H. DRUMMOND, EsQ.,

Acting Provincial Grand A’Iaster, Portland,Me.MY D F.AR BROTHER DRUMMOND:

Your favor of 3oth Septemberreachedme this morning. I shall layit beforeGrandLodgeat the earliestmoment.PersonallyI acquiesceinthe views set forth in your letter, and I haveno doubtGrand Lodgewill give them favorableconsideration.

The issuing of a commission in your favor as Provincial GrandMastex will give me very greatpleasureindeed.

Sometimeduring the next fortnight you may expect to havetheresolution of GrandLodgeupon points embracedin your communica-tion.

With the old regard—andI have long held you in the highestesteem—

Ever faithfully,D. MURRAY LYON,

GrandSecretary.

32

Certificate Forming Provincial Grand Lodge of U.S.A., dated October4, 1877

GRAND LODGE OF THE ROYAL ORDER OF SGOTLAND,’~

FREEMASONS’ HALL,

EDINBURGH, October 27, 1891.J~VlY DEAR BROTHER DRUMMOND:

It is a pleasureto me to say that Grand Committee haveadoptedyour views regardingthe continuanceof your ProvincialLodge,

Besides,they have unanimouslyresolved to recommendto GrandLodgeto appoint you to theProvincial GrandMastershipGrand Lodgewill endorsethis very shortly, andyour commissionwill be issued.

In you, dear Drummond, the Royal Orderwill havemore than a~gure-head;its interestsin your greatcountry aresafe in your keeping.

With warmestcongratulations,D. MURRAY LYON,

Giand Secretary.JOSIAH H. DRUMMOND

Provincial GiandMastez~nominate,U. S.

GRAND LODGE OF THE ROYAL ORDER OF ScomANn,~FREEMAsONs’ HALL,

EDINBURGH. Januaryi8, 1892.J

MY Dr.P~R BROTBIBE DRIJMMoND:

Your commissionas ProvincialGrand Master will be mailed next

week, on its being signed by Lord HADDINOTON. It bears date “Oct. 4,

9’.I am really oppressedwith hard work.

With a New Year greeting,D. MURRAY LYON,

GrandSecretary.JOSIAH H. DRrnVIMOND, Esq., P. G.M., Portland,Maine.

GRANT) LODGE OF THE ROYAL ORDER OF ScoTr.AND]

FREEMAsONS’ HALL,

EDINBURGH, February 8, 1892.J

JOSIAH H. DRUMMOND, Eso.,Provincial GrandMaster,Portland,Maine.

\4Y DxAa. Six:It is indeeda pleasureto me to forward by samemail, registered,

your commissionas successorto our late lamentedbrother, GeneralALBERT Pxxx. Your appointment to that high and responsibleofficewas receivedwith acclamationby all present,and Lord FIADDrNGTON is

33

much gratified to ~ndthat his first official duty was to sign your com-mission.

You will havethe goodnessto reportto GrandLodgeyour installa-tion.

That you maybe long sparedto bearchief rule in your ProvincialGrandLodge, and therebyhonor and adorn this Ancient Order, is m~sincerehope.You enterupon your position with the knowledgethatyou possessthe full confidenceof the GrandMaster andGrandLodge,andall on this side are delightedto know that sodistinguisheda broth-erhasbeenfound to fill the postsolong heldby the Prmceof Masons,ALBERT PIxE.

A Feeof £3-3-o is payableon commission.

Ever with the old regard,

D. MURRAY LYON,

GrandSecretary.

On February 20, 1892, 1 received my commission as ProvincialGrandMaster of the Provincial GrandLodge of the United States,which I havejust readto you.

It will be observed that this documentcontinues in force theoriginal charterof constitutionof this Provincial GrandLodge, grantedto BrotherPnceunder dateof the fourth day of October,A. D. 1877,as publishedin the Recordsand Minutes for 1878, (pagesfour to six,inclusive). For the information of our members, I recommendthatthat charterbe reprinted in the Recordsand Minutes of this session.

The commissionlenewsthe special powersand privileges grantedto my predecessoiby the commissionprinted in the Records andMinutesof 1878, (pageseven).So the Provincial GrandLodgehas,toall intents and purposes,been continued in existencewithout anychange in its prerogatives or duties.

It will be noted,also, that it seemsto be requiredthat I shall beformally installedas Provincial GrandMaster.I confessthat this sug-gestion of GrandSecietaryLYON somewhat surpn.sedme, for I hadsupposedthat it had not been the usageamong Masons to installProvincial Grand Masters, especially when appointed for Provincesremotelysituatedfrom the seatof the parentGrandLodge. I amsurethat my predecessorwas neverinstalled,and I find no suchrequirementin the Constitutionsand Laws of the Order. I, therefore, infer thatinstallation is not absolutelynecessaryto enableme to enterupon the

duties of the office. I havebeenanxious,however,to comply with therequestof the GrandSecretary,but havebeenunable to do so for thereasonthat thereis no one in this Jurisdiction,and, so far as I know,no oneon this Continent,qualified to install me.However, upon sug-

gesting this difficulty to the Grand Secretary,he has more recentlyinformed me that Brother Jom~ W. MURTON, of Hamilton, Canada,hadbeenappointedProvincial GrandMaster for the Dominion, and itwas believedthat there is a brother in that Jurisdiction qualified toinstall him, and then Sir JohN could install me. I hopedto meethimat the recentsessionof the SupremeCouncilfor the NorthemJurisdic-tion in Providence,buthe was not present.Unless he shallbe here thisweekin attendanceon theSupremeCouncil, it would seemthat I mustgo to Canadain searchof one qualified to install me, or forego theprivilege.

While I haveno questionof my right, underthis commission,todischargethe dutiesof the office, I havedeemedit advisableto makeno permanentappointmentsof Provincial GrandOfficers until I shallhavebeeninstalled,or found that it is practically impossible to find abrotherqualified to install me. I have,therefore,requestedthebrethrenwho were office bearersin the Provincial GrandLodge on the fourthday of October,A.D. 1891, to continueto exercisethe dutiesof theirrespectiveoffices, by specialappointment,until the close of this ses-siOn.

Thereis onematterwhich requiresconsiderationby you, glowingout of our action last year.The repealof the limit of membershiphasbeengreatly misunderstoodin some instances.It has beenassumedthat the repeal of the limitation opens the door to all Royal ArchMasonsin good standingto apply for admissionas a matterof course,preciselythe sameas a profaneof good charactermay apply for admis-sion into Masonry.An examinationof our iecordsshowsthatadmissionswere first madeonly upon nominations,and petitions were first usedonly after the nominationshad beenmade.The use of petitionsmayhaveaidedin creating a falseimpression.I haveno particularmeasure,as a rule of limitation, to recommend,but I call uponyou to remember,in makingnominations,and to impressupon the mindsof those seek-ing admission,that the Royal Order shouldnot be given as a matterof course,but only to thosewho haveserved Masonryzealously, faith-fully and ably, and who are recognizedby their brethrenas deservingMasonic honorsby meritious services.And I suggestthat the brother

34 35

recommendinga candidatehereafterbe required to statethe Masonicservicesof the nomineeupon which his recommendationis based.

In justice to the Provincial Grand Secretary,I desireto state thatI am aloneresponsiblefor delayingthe publication of the RecordsandMinutes of our last session, for reasonsthat seemedto me sufficient.Therehasbeenone result which I overlooked.The passageof the reso-lution requiring the namesof candidatesto be given in the notice ofthis meeting escapedmy memory. As the Minutes were not printedthe brethren were not notified of it, and those who were presentatour last sessionhad no better memoriesthan I did. When the matterwas calledto my attention I directedthe issuingof a circular,but at solate a date that its object was only in a slight degreeaccomplished.Underthesecircumstances,I suggestthat the rule should be suspendedfoi this session,in order thatpetitions which would havebeenpresentedin seasonmay now be received.

Appointment of Officers to January i, 1894 was made (Seepage34 of 1892 Proceedingsfor details).ThomasHubbardCaswell of Cali-forma becomingDeputy Provincial GrandMaster.

At the Annual Meeting in 1893, Sii JohnWalter Murton, Provin-cial GrandMasterof the OntarioProvincial GrandLodge was present,but Drummondcould not betheredue to the deathof JohnE. DeWitt,Presidentof the insurancecompany of which Drummond was Vice-President.

A letter was read from D. ~VIurrayLyon, Grand Secretaryof theGrand Lodge of the Royal Order of Scotland in Edinburgh,whichstated that they had “returned to its ancient practice in admittingMastei Masonsto the Oider.”

At the meetingin 189±Sir JohnWalter Murton, Provincial GrandMaster of Ontario and Quebecwas again present,but thereseemstobe no referencethat Drummond was installedby him. A resolutionwas passedwhich increasedthe fee of admissionto $25.00 and anymemberowing dues for two years and threemonths was to be auto-matically suspended.The Rev.Frank Erwin Brandtwas madean Emei-itus Member for life and in 1901 the Rev. Hartley Carmichaelwasexemptedfrom further paymentof dues.

I

JAMES D. RICHARDSONTHIRD PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTER

In 1903, the Acting Piovincial Grand Master; JamesD. Richard-son, issued a Proclamationconcerningthe passingof Josiah H. Drum-mond, Provincial GrandMaster. On November, t2, i902, Richardsonnotified the GrandLodge in Scotland of Drummond’spassingand theGrand Lodgeauthorizedthe Provincial Grand Lodge to continueinfull force until November30, 1903. Sir JamesD. Richardsonwas thenunanimouslynominatedto the office of Provincial GrandMaster, andon December14, 1903, Scotlandnotified the Provincial GrandSecre-tary that they had appointedJames Daniel Richardson, ProvincialGrand Master of the Province of the United Statesof America. OnDecember28th, RichardsonappointedSir Henry L. Palmerof Mil-waukee,Wisconsin,as D~puty Provincial GrandMaster.

At the 904 meetingin Boston,Massachusetts,the Right Honor-ablethe Earl of Euston, 330, G.C.T, SupremeGrandMasterof theGreat Pnoryof England,K.T.; CharlesFitzgeraldMatier, 330, G.C.T.,Great Vice-Chancellor, K.T., and five other distinguished EnglishTemplarsand membersof the Royal Orderof Scotland,were greetedas visitors. At this meeting the following publicationswere designated“official journals” of the Royal Orderof Scotland:

The New Age—Washington,D C. (monthly)The Keystone—Philadephia,Pa. (weekly)The American Tylei—Ann Arbor, Mich. (semi-monthly)The Masonic VoiceReview—Chicago,Ill. (monthly)

The “Official Joumal” list is listed and changedoff and on forsomeyears.Deletions and additionswere madeat various times. Thefollowing two aie mentioned: ‘The Masonic Standaid”of New Yorkand “The New EnglandCiaftsman” of Boston.

The matter of membershipin the GrandLodge in Scotland formembersof the Provincial GrandLodge in the U.S. cameup in 1903

and is best reviewedby printing heretie situationas given in the 1905

Proceedings:Gi~M~n LODGE OF ThE ROYAL ORDER OF ScoTlAND

Tiff KING OF ScomA=rnHEREDITARY Gi~n M A.s’rm~10 RANDOLPH PLACE,

EDINBURGH, ScOTlAND, i6th December,1903

MY DEAR Six ~n BROTHER: I was duly favored with your letterstatingthat GrandLodge is requestedto enroll as membersof Grand

3637

Lodge the namesof Sir JamesDaniel RichardsonandSir GeorgeMay.hew Moulton and Sir Alhson Nailor. These recommendationswerelaid beforea meetingof ExecutiveCommitteeheld on Friday and I amrequestedto say that Grand Lodge does not enroll Membersof Pro-vincial GrandLodges exceptby affiliation or presentationof an appli-cation in the forms which I enclose,signed by two membersof GrandLodge. The signatureof the Provincial GrandMaster will be sufficientas one of the signatures,and I shall arrangeto geta memberof GrandLodge to act asthe other.

The applicationwill be consideredby GrandLodge in the usualmanner,and aftei election the affiliated Brethrenwill completetheirmembershipby taking the oath of fidelity when they happento be inthis country The position of Provincial GrandMaster is different,andthe ExecutiveCommitteeare of opinion that he should ex officio be.come a memberof GrandLodge during the term of his ProvincialGrandMastership.It is accordinglyproposedto makethis recommenda-tion at nextmeetingof GrandLodge. Believeme,

Yours very fratemally,W. Osc~ROOME, EsQ Jorm H. FOREST,

GrandSecretary.

The Provincial GrandSecretarysubmits that whenthis ProvincialGrandLodge was organized,membershipin the Grand Lodge wasgrantedfor thirteen of our members,and every year since that timethe namesof those who survived were so published in our printedRecordsandMinutes.

In 1889, five vacanciesexisted in this roll of honor, and the Pro-vincial GrandMaster, Sir Albert Pike, requestedthe GrandLodge toelectfour of our members,whosenameshe then submitted,to fill thatnumber of vacancies,leaving one place yet to be filled. His requestwas at oncecourteouslygrantedas will appearin his Allocution readat the meetingin 1890, and may be found’ on page369, Vol. 1, Rec.ords andMinutes, from which the following paragraphis an extract:

“To fill the placesin the membershipof the GrandLodge of theRoyal Order at Edinburgh, made vacant by the deaths of Sir JohnRobin McDaniel and Sn Albert Gallatin Mackey, and by the with-drawal from this Provincial GrandLodgeof Sii Enoch Terry Caison,and the election not to continuebeing a memberof Sir William Mor-ton Ireland. Sir John Longwortli Stettinius,Sii Henry Moore Teller,Sir William ReynoldsSingleton and Sir Frederick Webbei havebeen

38

I

electedand enrolled membersof Grand Lodge. Onevacancystill re-mainsto be filled, causedby the deathof Sir CharlesRoome.”

From that time the list of our membersof GrandLodgewas an-nually publishedshowing the survivors of each class, i.e., the Charterlist and the list elected in i 889.

In 1895, the Charterlist was reducedfrom 8 to 4 and the list of1889 remainedintact making our total membershipin GrandLodge8.Sir Josiah Drummond, then Provincial Grand Master, taldng theground that the statusof this Provincial GrandLodge, with its increaseof membershipand theposition it occupiedin the Masonic Fraternityin the United States,entitled us to a larger representationupon theroll of the GrandLodge, hesubmitteda list of ten namesto the GrandLodge and requestedthey be elected and enrolled members of theGrandLodge, and the requestwas granted,since which time the listof 1895 hasappearedin our RecordsandMinutes.

In 1902 our list of membersof GrandLodge was so reducedbydeaththat thereremainedbutCharterMembers 3

of the List of 1889, 3of the List of 1895, ~

making a totalof ii

At the meetingthatyear Sir Josiah HaydenDmmmondstatedthathe particularly desiredto honor Sir GeorgeMayhew Moulton and SirAllison Nailor, Jr., and directed the Provincial Grand Secretarytowrite for him to Grand Lodge making known his requestfor theelectionand enrollmentof thesetwo Illustrious Brethrento member-ship in GrandLodge. The deathof BrotherDmmmondfollowed verysoon after the meeting and when the Provincial GrandLodge nextmet a resolution was passedby unanimousvote requestingthe GrandLodge to electand enroll Sir JamesDaniel Richardsonto be a mem-ber of CrandLodge. In duecoursean official communicationwas sentto Grand Lodge requestingthe desired action on the three namesmentioned,and this letter from the Grand Secretaryis the reply re-ceived. The letter statesthat in the casesof Sirs Moulton and Nailor,applicationsmust be signed by them, in the forms enclosed,but nosuch enclosurewas found, and as to our Provincial GrandMaster, hispositionmakeshis casedifferent,and theyagreewith us that he shouldbea memberof the GrandLodge, but theyrestrict it to bean ex officiomemberdunngthetern of his Provincial GrandMastership.The letter

39

Ii

-i

concludesthat this recommendationwould be proposedat the nextmeeting of Grand Lodge. The letter is dated r6th December,1903,

but no word has since been received from Grand Lodge upon thissubject,and we haveno knowledgeas to what action if anyhas beentaken.

The Provincial GrandSecretarywas then directed to requesttheGrandSecretaryto kindly inform us as to whatactionby GrandLodgehas been taken, and to send us the necessaryblanks referredto foruse in the casesof Sirs Moulton and Nailor, that the presentrequire-mentsof Grand Lodge may be compliedwith.

On motion the following was adopted:Resolved,The American Tyler-Keystone, of Ann Arbor, Michigan,and the MasonicVoice Review, of Chicago,Illinois, be consideredtheofficial journals of the Royal Order of Scotland.

On motion it was declaredthat the thanksof this Provincial GrandLodge are due to the SupremeCouncil for their courtesy in placingthe hall in the Houseof the Temple of the Scottish Rite at the dis-posal of the Royal Order of Scotland.

The Provincial GrandStewaid, Sir Allison Nailor, jr., announcedthe Annual Dinner would be at the New Willard, on tomorroweve-ning at 8 o’clock, and requestedthe Knights to assemble,with theirladies,in the parlorsof that hotel at 7.30 p.m.

No further businessappearing,the Provincial Grand Lodge wasclosed to assembleagain in Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting in theCity of Boston, Commonwealthof Massachusetts,on Monday thei7th day of September,1906, An. Or. Reg. 593, unless otherwisedi-rectedby order of the Provincial Grand Master.

WM. OscxaROOME,R. C. L. T. N.

Provincial Grand Secretary.

The election of Sirs Richardson,Moulton and Nailor was madeon November7, 1906, making all Honorary Members.

In 1906, the Patent of Richardsonas Provincial Grand Masterfor the United Statesof America was finally signed (~VIay 7, 1906),the latenessbeing due to the illness of the Earl of Haddington,Coy-emor.

Sir JohnValentine Ellis, Provincial GrandMastei of the Mari-time Provinces of Canadaand Sir BenjaminAllen, Deputy Provincial

40

GrandMasterof the Provinceof Ontario and Quebec,Canada,werevisitois at the 1906 meeting.

In 1909, the first visit of a deputation from the GrandLodgeofthe Royal Order of Scotlandto our Provincial Grand Lodge was ar-ranged. It was an ExtraordinarySessionheld in Washington,D.C. onSeptember27th, at the Houseof the Temple,A. & A.S.R. The follow-ing visitors were received:

ChristopherC. Nisbett, Deputy GovernorLewis A. Hope, GrandMarischalAllan M. Henderson,GrandTreasurerJohnA. Forrest, GrandSecretaryW A. A. Balfour, Junior GrandGuardian

A photographof the Lodge Roomat Edinburgh,occupiedby theGrand Lodge was presentedto our Provincial GrandLodge in thenameof the Grand Lodge in Scotland, which was ordered suitablyframed.

At the 1909 meeting (Annual) Sir William HenryBallard, Pro-vincial GrandMaster of the Provincial GrandLodge of Ontario andQuebec,and Sir JohnMorison Gibson, SovereignGrandCommanderof the SupremeCouncil, A.&A.S.R. of Canada,were received.SamuelCrocker Lawrenceof Massachusettswas appointedDeputy ProvincialGrandMasterto fill the office madevacantby the passingof Sir HenryPalmer.At the passingof Lawrencein 1911, Sir Leon Martin Abbottof Massachusettswas appointedDeputy Provincial GrandMaster. In1913 the fee for admissionwas raised to $30.00.

4i

I

THE PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGE OFTHE UN[TED STATES

SINCE 1914

Sir JamesDaniel Richardson,Provincial GrandMaster, died onMarch 17, 1914 and the GrandLodge in Scotlandwas notified. Theyadvised that the Deputy Provincial Grand Master, Sir Leon MartinAbbott should carryon as Acting Provincial GrandMasteruntil a newProvincial Grand Master be nominated and appointed.Abbott wasrecommendedandhis Patent,datedNovember4, i914, may be found

on page7 of the Proceedingsof 1915. No Deputy Provincial GrandMastei was appointed in 1915 or 1916.

At the 1917 meetingGeneralJamesD. N4cLachlan,Deputy GrandMarischal was a visitor. A letter was received from the GrandLodgeannouncing the Right Honorable,TheEarl of Kintore as DeputyGrandMaster and Governor to succeedRight Honorable,The Earl of Had-dington, deceased.A letterwas also receivedfrom the Provincial GrandMastei,Leon Martin Abbott, of Boston,Massachusetts,resigningfromthe office of Provincial Grand Master. The Provincial Grand LodgethereuponselectedGeorgeMayhewMoulton of Chicago to be recom-mendedto the GrandLodge for appointmentas Provincial GrandMas-ter. It was movedthat all membersof the Royal Order of Scotland,in the Province of the United Statesof America, in the mi]itary ornaval serviceof the United Statesbe exempt from the annualtax.

On Novemberr6, 19i7, the GrandLodgeacknowledgedthe receiptof the recommendationthat Sir GeorgeMayhewMoulton be appointedProvincial GrandMaster of the United Statesof America. He wasappointedand a copy of his Patent, datedMarch 27, 19i8 is to befound m the 1918 Proceedings. At the 1918 meeting, notice of five

waivers grantedto naval menin Scotlandis made,but only four namesare listed. It was voted that all funds of the Provincial GrandLodgeofthe Umted Statesof America be put into the Fourth Liberty Loanbonds.I find no record that this was done,howevei.

At the meetingin October1919,Roome resigned after thirty-three

yearsas ProvincialGrandSecretary.It wasvoted to give him $400 eachyear, in quarterly installments, during his lifetime. Moulton also re-signedas Provincial GrandMaster and GeorgeEdgarCorson of theDistrict of Columbia was recommendedfor Provincial GrandMaster.His Patent,datedFebruary4, 1920, [5 reproducedin the Proceedings.

42

Stirling Kerr of the District of Columbia was appointed Provincial

GrandSecretary.At the i922 meeting it was announcedthat Roomehad passed

away on Febmary 3, 1922, nearlyeighty-threeyeais of age. It is notedin the Proceedingsthat John S. Forest,Grand Secretaryof the GrandLodgein Edinburgh;David Reed,GrandSecretaryof the GrandLodgeof Scotland;and John Inglis, GrandMaster of Knights TemplarsinScotland,were in this country to testify in the fraud caseagainstMat-thew McBlain Thompsonin Salt Lake City, Utah.They were enter-tainedby officers of the Royal Order in Washington,D.C. on the wayhome. Thereis also reproduceda telegramsent to PresidentWarrenHarding rn which he is congratulatedon being electedto receivethethirty-third degreeof the ScottishRite. His reply is also printed.

In the 1923 Proceedingsthereis a record of the passingof Presi-dentHardingand a notification, datedApril 6, 1923, from the GrandTreasurerof the GrandLodgein Edinburghthat JohnA. Forrest,GrandSecretarypassedaway on September24, 1922. Allan M. Henderson,theGrandTreasurerwas appointedto succeedhim on July i8, 1923.

In 1927 GeorgeEdgarCorson,Provincial GrandMasterdied (July10, 1927). Samuel Poyntz Cochranof Texaswas nominated.There isno Patentreproducedin the Proceedingsbut at thebanquetit is notedthathe waselected.

Stirling Kerr, the ProvincialGrandSecretarydied on May 27, 1929

and Lem Towersof the District of Columbia becamethe ProvincialGrandSecretary.

In May, 1932, Cochran appointedJamesHenryBrice of New Yoikas DeputyProvincial GrandMaster, after which he resignedandBricefinishedhis term.Brice wasrecommendedto Scotlandfor appointmentand in 1933 the GrandLodgeadvisedthathe hadbeenconflimedand’his Patentmade andsent.There is no copy of it in the Proceedings.Lem Powers died on March 3, 1933 and Arthur Badley Hayesof theDistrict of Columbia was appointedProvincial GrandSecretary.

Becausemany memberswere in arrearsin thepaymentof duesthenewProvincial GrandSecretaryoffereda iesolution,which was passed,thatall duesof membersfour yearsor lessin arrears,includingthe fiscalyear 1933, be remitted if and when the memberspaid their i934 and1945 dues ($ io.oo). It seemsthat this action did not havethe desiredefiect as the receiptsin 1933 were only $3,170 and the following yearonly $2,104. However, in 1935 they jumped to $3,400.

43

I

In 1940 a new set of By-laws was adopted.They provided,amongotherthings,that petitionersshouldbe five years a Master Masonanda Knight Templaror Scottish Rite Mason,

32nd degree.Also, that hebe sponsoredby two membersliving in the samestatewhere the pe-titioner resides. It was provided, however,that the Provincial GrandMasterwas empoweredto waive any requirement.The fees were set at$25.00 and dues $~.oo.Also a membertwo years in arrearswas auto-maticallyS.N.P.D.

Arthur Badley Hayes,Provincial GrandSecretary,died on Septem-ber 26, 1942. On Decemberiith of the sameyearAlfred CharlesLewis,of Allentown, Pennsylvania,was appointedProvincial GrandSecretary.

On July 4, 1943, Brice was appointedby the GiandLodge in Edin-burgh for anothei five year term.

In 1946, Charles Edwaid Chalmers of New York was appointedProvincial Grand Secretaryand in 1947, Frederick Filmore BrachofBethlehem, Pennsylvania was appointed Provincial Grand Secretary.On June 13, i953, CharlesSamson,of Morristown, New Jeisey,wasappointedProvincial GrandSecretaryandon October 21, 1953, MarvinEdward Fowler,of theDistrict of Columbiawas appointedby the Pro-vincial Grand Master to handlethe businessof the Provincial GrandLodge. On recommendationhe was confirmed by the GrandLodge inScotlandandon Saturday,August28, 1954, at a specialmeetingheldin the Hotel Astor in New York City, the Right Honorable,The Earlof Elgin and Kincardine,Deputy GrandMaster andGovernorof theRoyal Order of Scotland, installedMarvin Edward Fowler as Provin-cial Grand Master. So far as I canascertain,this is the only time thatany Piovincial Grand Master of the United SlatesProvince was everinstalledat all. Fowler’s Patentis datedFebruary 3, 1954. It was readat the installationbut notprinted in the Proceedings.

It might be noted that thereare no printed TransactionsfoI theyears 1949, 1950, L95i and 1952.

On September27, 1954, FrederickH. Stevens,SovereignGrandCommanderof the SupremeCouncil of thePhilippines,A.A.S.R., whowas madean HonoraryMemberon October i8, 1951, waspresentand

his certificatewas presentedto him.

On July 21, 1955,a Receptionand Dinner was given to the follow-ing distingnishedmembersof theGrandLodge in Edinburgh:Rt. Hon. Lord Macdonald,Deputy Governor of the Grand Lodge.

Rt. Hon. The Earl of Eglinton andWinton, Memberof G. L.Dr. AlexanderF. Buchan,GrandSecretaryof the G. L.

The Receptionwas held in the Hotel Astor, New York City, andwas attendedby the ladiesandmembeiship.

At the October 22, 1955 meeting the announcementwas madethat PastProvincial GrandMasterJamesHenryBrice passedawayonJanuary22, 1955.

On September27, i956, Luther A. SmithandMelvin M. Johnson,Sovereign GrandCommandersof the two SupremeCouncils in theUnitedStates,were madeHonorary Life Members.

On October 26, 1957, the fund raised for the few years previousfor a charitableproject not namedwas dispersedto the Scottish RiteEducational Foundation (SJ.), SchizophreniaFund (N.J.) and K. T.EyeFoundation—$5,854.29to each.At thesamemeetingthe dueswereraisedfrom $5.oo to $7.00. GeorgeEdwardBushnell, SovereignGrandCommanderof the Supreme Council, Scottish Rite, Northern Juris-diction, was madean HonoraryLife Member.

A brief history of the Royal Orderof Scotlandby theheadof theOrderof Scotlandwas printed in our Proceedingsin 1926. It was ie-peatedat leastseventimes more through 1940.The laws of the GrandLodge on January6, 1862 were printed at the endof the 889 Proceed-ings. The writer has a copy—anoriginal, printedby the GrandLodge.

—I

1445

PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTERS MEMBERSHIP STATISTICS

1—1878-1891 Albert Pike, D. of C.2—1891-1902 Josiah [-laydenDrummond,Maine3—1903-1914 James Daniel Richardson,Tennessee4—1914-1917 Leon Martin Abbott, Massachusetts5—1917-1919 George Mayhew Moulton, Illinois6—1919-1927 GeorgeEdgarCorson,D. of C.7—1927-1932 Samuel PoyntzCochran,Texas8—1932-1953 JamesHenry Brice, New York9—195~- Marvin Edward Fowler, D. of C.

PROVINCIAL GRAND SECRETARIES

1—1878-1886 William Morton Ireland, D. of C.2—1886-1919 V/illiam Oscar Roome,D. of C.3—1919-1929 Stirling Kerr, LY. of C.

1—1929-1933 Lem Towers, D. of C5—1933-1942 Arthur Badley Hayes,D. of C.6—1942-1945 Alfred Charles Lewis, Pennsylvania7—1946 Charles Edward Chalmers,New York8—1947-1953 Frederick Filmore Bruch, Pennsylvania9—1953 CharlesSamson,New Jersey

AFFILIATES

1878 Albert G. Goodall (No. 8~), London, D—Feb ii~, 18871880 Richard J. Nunn(No. 140), London, D—June29, 1910

1881 Arcbibald H. McCalman (No. 141) Scotland,Res.—18841907 JamesU. Spence(No. 720), London, D—May 19, 19111911 William S. Sayres (No. 952) Shanghai,Res.—1913

1914 Albert Fensch(No. 1044) Shanghai,SN.P.D.—1927

1936 Edward J. Hudson (No. z053) Shanghai,Res.—i94o1956 Andrew G. Fleming (No. 3410) London, D—Sept. 24, 19561956 Harold C. Facton (No. 3409) London.

ROYAL ORDER of SCOTLAND (U. S. A.)

No. Year Members Aff. Re-inst. Died

C 1878 13 130 1878 40 531 1878 31 84 — — — — 12 1879 11 95 1 1 — — —

3 1880 15 110 1 2 — — —

4 1881 18 128 1 3 1 1. 35 1882 [0 138 — 3 — 1. 36 1883 13 151 — 3 2 3 27 1884 [5 166 — 3 — 3 38 1885 4 170 — 3 — 3 49 1886 11 181 — 3 1 4 410 1887 [6 197 — 3 — 4 4S 1888 7 204 — 3 — 4 —

11 1888 [2 216 — 3 2 6 —

S 1889 2 218 — 3 — 6 212 1889 18 236 — 3 1 7 613 1890 35 271 — 3 — 7 514 1891 56 327 — 3 — 7 515 1892 38 365 — 3 1 8 —

16 1893 38 403 — 3 2 10 1217 1894 40 443 — 3 — 10 918 1895 [9 462 — 3 3 13 719 1896 17 479 — 3 1 14 420 1897 18 497 — 3 4 18 921 1898 15 512 — 3 — 18 222 1899 16 528 — 3 2 20 823 1900 10 538 — 3 1 21 4S 1901 5 543 — 3 — 21 —

24 1901 31 574 — 3 2 23 625 1902 10 584 — 3 2 25 726 1903 28 612 — 3 2 27 1127 1904 39 651 — 3 — 27 728 1905 44 695 — 3 2 29 629 1906 20 715 — 3 1 30 1030 1907 50 765 1 4 2 32 1231 1908 31 796 — 4 — 32 1032 1909 45 841 — 4 2 34 933 1910 37 878 — 4 1 35 1334 1911 68 946 1 5 4 39 1435 1912 50 996 — 5 2 41 736 1913 41 1037 — 5 — 41 837 1914 24 1061 1 6 — 41 1538 1915 69 1130 — 6 4 45 14

47

I

OthersOza Total

— — - 13- 53

I — — 831 — — 951 9 9 1024 5 14 1147 7 21 1149 6 27 121

12 8 35 12516 4 39 12120 1 40 12824 3 43 13724 1 44 14324 22 66 13526 — 66 13532 — 66 14837 6 72 17342 4 76 21942 4 80 25454 17 97 26563 14 111 28270 6 117 29174 21 138 28483 18 156 27985 17 173 27593 12 185 27397 18 203 26297 — 203 267

103 11 214 283110 7 221 281121 9 230 291128 14 244 309134 6 250 343144 10 260 344156 9 269 376166 14 283 383175 8 291 413188 19 310 419202 17 327 461209 16 343 490217 21 364 502232 17 381 495246 37 418 517

46

MEMBERSHIP STATISTICS (Continued)

No. Year Members39 1916 34 116440 1917 30 119441 1918 39 [23342 1919 60 129343 1920 86 [37944 1921 58 [43745 1922 108 [54546 1923 52 159747 1924 64 [66148 1925 45 170549 1926 87 [79350 1927 18 181151 1928 59 187052 1929 21 189153 1930 35 192654 1931 23 194955 1932 28 [97756 1933 16 199357 1934 13 200658 1935 39 204559 1936 72 211760 1937 69 218661 1938 49 223562 1939 22 225763 1940 25 228264 1941 31 232365 1942 35 234866 1943 51 239967 1944 76 247568 1945 71 254669 1946 127 267370 1947 93 276671 1948 74 284072 1949 75 291573 1950 80 299574 1951 71 306675 1952 79 314576 1953 72 321777 1954 77 329478 1955 106 340079 1956 78 347880 1957 136 3614S 1958 29 364381 1959 112 3755

(*) Honorary

Aff.

1

1*

2

2*

6 — 456 — 456 — 456 1 466 1 476 — 476 2 496 1 506 1 516 — 516 1 526 1 536 — 536 2 556 — 556 — 556 — 556 — 556 1 566 — 567 5 617 5 667 1 677 — 677 1 687 2 707 — 707 1 717 — 717 — 717 — 717 — 717 — 717 1 727 — 727 — 727 10 827 3 858 — 858 — 85

10 2 87[0 — 8710 — 8712 1 88

Re-inst. Died Others Oza Total19 265 20 438 51217 282 11 449 51413 295 7 456 53321 316 13 469 56014 330 4 473 62917 347 6 479 66419 366 4 483 75121 387 15 498 76818 405 36 534 77924 429 25 559 77526 455 31 590 80625 480 26 616 77425 505 34 650 77419 524 12 662 76631 555 16 678 754

35 590 19 697 72325 615 23 720 70321 636 25 745 67328 664 28 773 63121 685 174 947 47523 708 6 953 52423 731 6 959 56915 746 5 964 59926 772 17 981 57826 798 10 991 56827 825 29 1020 54520 845 61 1081 49923 868 14 1095 514

— 868 — 1095 5908 876 2 1097 651— 876 — 1097 778— 876 — 1097 8712 878 — 1097 943— 878 1 1098 10181 879 — 1098 10973 882 — 1098 1165— 882 275 1373 979

50 932 [2 1385 99234 966 9 1394 102729 995 5 1399 109950 1045 52 1451 [07933 1078 8 1459 [174

— 1078 — 1459 120333 1111 [8 1477 [267

48

MEMBERS of the GRAND LODGE, R. 0. of S.i—Charter Albert Pike2—Charter John R. IVIcDaniel

3—Charter Henry L. Palmer4—Charter JamesC. Batchelor

5—Charter Vincent L. Hurlbut6—Charter Robert McC. Graham7—Charter Albert G. Mackey8—Charter Enoch T. Carson9—Charter CharlesRoome

ic—Charter Chailes E. Meyeru-—Charter Samuel E. Lawrence12—Charter Josiah H Drummondi 3—Charter William M. Ireland14—1889 JohnL. Stettinius

5—1889 Henry M. Teller16—1889 William R. Singleton17—1889 FrederickWebber18—1895 EdwardP. Bumbam19—1895 ThomasH. Caswell20—1895 Charles K. Francis21—1895 JohnHodge22—1895 Hugh McCurdyz3—1895 TheodoreS. Parvin24—1895 William 0. Roome25—1895 Thomas J. Shryock26—1895 John C. Smith27—1895 Thomas Somerville

28—1906 James D Richaidson29—1906 GeorgeIVI. Moulton30—1906 Allison Nailor, Jr.31—1911 JamesI. Buchanan32—1911 George E. Corson33—1911 William Homan

34—1911 Alphonso C. Stewart35—1911 Edward S. Wyckoff36—1916 Leon M. Abbott37—1928 Samuel P. Cochran38—1933 JamesH. Buce39—1954 Marvin E. Fowler40—1955 R. Bruce Brannon

49

I

Aj~

I‘I

PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGES

ROYAL ORDERof SCOTLAND

DISTRIBUTION OPMEMBERSHIP

AS OF SEPTEMBER25, 1958

AlabamaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireN~w JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth Carolina

2196

25123752

356174

261

1331213838211448

13814519345

473

312

12192

9355

34

North DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingPhilippine IslandsPuerto RicoCanal ZoneCanadaMexicoEquadorHawaiiGuatemalaEnglandChilePeruJapanScotlandUnknownTotal

11292

5311

6162477

24121

230

1678

2861

65812713

1

28

376

Note~ This distribution is for all membersfrom 1878-1958.

50

i—Glasgowand West of Scotland—i859

2—New Brunswick—18631863 to 1925—New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince EdwardIsland From 1925 the presentname.

3—Hong Kong and China—i86~a86~ to 1953—TheOpen Portsof China and theColony of Hong

Kong. From 1953 thepresentname.

4—WesteinIndsa—a87o—(dormant)

i—London and the Metropolitan Counties—18726—The CountiesPalatineof Lancasterand Chester—i87~

7—Ontatio—i8751875 to 1909—Ontario and Quebec.From 1909 the presentname.

8—United States of Amerrca—i877

9—Aberdeenand Kincardsne—1883

io—Natal—s885 (dormant)

ii—Yoiksh ire—i886

12—Northumberland,Durham and Cumberland—1893

i3—Cape Colony—iS93 (donnant)

i4—Canton at Geneva—iS93 (dormant)

a~—Transvaal—i9o6

16—Malaya—i9071907 to 1953—HongKong andStraitsSettlements.From ‘953 thepresentname.

a7—Quebec—19o9(split from Ontario andQuebec)

aS—TheSouthemCountiesof England—1915

i9—The Philippines—191S (dormant)

20—New Zealand North—i9i9i9]9 to i954—NewZealand.From 1954 the presentname

2i—The South-WesternCountiesof England—192o

22—Gibraltar,Spain and Morocco—i92i

51

n

ill

23—Warwickshare—a922

~—East Anglia—a924

25—Briti5h Columbsa—a9241924 to a957—BritishColumbiaandAlberta. From 1957 the pres-ent name.

26—NovaScotia and Prince Edward Island—a925(split from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Is-land)

27—NewSouth Wales—i939

25—Victoria—a945

29—The South-EastemCountiesof England—1948

3o—The WesternProvinceof the Cape of Good Hope—a929

3a—Invernessand the Highlands—i951

32—WestemAustralia—1952

33—NewZealandSouth—a954(split from New Zealand)

31—Queensland—a954

~5—Saskatchewanand Manitoba—i9~

~6—Rhodesia and Nyasaland—i957

~7—Alberta—i957(split from British Columbiaand Alberta)

Active 32

Dormant S

Total 37

THE ROYAL ORDERof SCOTLAND and Ihe SCOTTISH RITE

In the Constitutionsof the Royal Order of Scotland datedJanu.ary6, 1862,Article 5~, thereappearsthis statement:

“On the 4th Apiil, ~ a resolutaonhaving beenpassedby theSupremeCouncil for Scotlandof the ‘Ancaent and AcceptedScothshRite’ (Thirty-third Degree), which is recorded in the Minutes of aMeeting of the GrandLodge of that date, with the resolution of theGrand Lodge thereupon,it was upon the iath of May following ar-ranged,in terms of the instiuctions containedin the Minute of theRoyal Order of Scotland,and of the Minute of the SupremeCouncil,bothdated4th April, aS~:

“a. That no one shall be admitted into the iSth or Rose Crou~Degreein ScotlandunderWarrantof the SupremeCouncil of Scotland,until he shall have been duly admitted a Knight of the Royal Ordeiof Scotland.”

There follows threeadditional regulations covering those alreadyin oneor the otherandhow to obtain membershipin bothand the feesthereunto.

This perplexing situation, which existed over a hundredyearsago, was questionedby the author to determinethe situation today.Brothers GeorgeS. Draffen andRobertS. Lindsayhad this to say aboutthe matter:

When the SupremeCouncil was startedby Dr. CharlesMomsonin 1845 it was more or less a competitive association. The Royal Orderwas then more or less “lord of all it surveyed” so far as the so-calledhigh degreesin Scotlandwere concerned.Consequently,when the Su-premeCouncil wasformed therewasquite a bit of competition.It wasto avoid thatcompetitionthat the resolutionwas duly passedby bothbodies.It appearsthat theresolutionwas easyto carryout asthe Secre-tary of bothbodies was the sameman. However,when Lindsey Macke-sey passedawayin i9o4, the two bodieshad different secretariesand itseemsthat nothing further was doneabout the resolution. It has notbeen in force for more than thirty years and when the matter wasbrought up the GrandLodge formally declaredit to be at an end, a

couple of years ago.

The latestedition of the Constitutionsof the Royal Order of Scot-land piovide that any candidateshall be a Master Mason for five years,

52 S3

which is obligatory m all Provincial GrandLodges. It is permissible,however, for the Provincial bodies to add otherqualifications.An in-stanceis the London Provincial GrandLodge which requiresthat can-didiatesalso be a 3oth degreememberof the SupremeCouncil of theScottish Rite. Incidently, this gioup meetsbut onceeach year—on St.Andrew’s Day.