29 hydrocarbons.doc

8/12/2019 29 Hydrocarbons.doc

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HSC Chemistry6.0 29 - 2

Paivi Riikonen August 10, 2006 06120-RC-!

!a(#e 1.1.

Chemical 2ame Common 2ame Suffi# $ormula Structural formula

","&+imethylethyl& tert&-utyl& T-& &C*CH44

"&ethylethyl& Isopropyl& I0& &CH*CH4!

!&Chlorobutane sec&-utyl chloride S-C C%Hylene 8>? C=H") C*CH4C*CH4CHCHCHCH

",4&+imethylben(ene m&>ylene >? C=H") C*CH4CHC*CH4CHCHCH

",%&+imethylben(ene p&>ylene 0>? C=H") H4C*C;H%CH4

"H&Indene Indene I2 C


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HSC Chemistry6.0 29 - +



"H&Indole Indole I2+ C=HA2

"H&0yrrole (ole 0?3 C%H@2 CHCH2CHCH

%&ethylben(enamine p&Toluidine 0T8 CAH


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HSC Chemistry6.0 29 -


29.3.# Amides, RC$% !H2

mides are marked with A. In an amide the hydrogen atoms of nitrogen can be substituted by different appendagegroups. If there is more than one substituent the place of the substituent is informed by the 2 character. The name

of the compound is determined by the most complicated substituent in the amide.

!a(#e +..


He#anamide He#anamide H C;H"428 CH4*CH!%C82H!

ethanamide ethanamide CH428 HC82H!

29.3.& !itriles, R!

2itriles are marked with 3. Sometimes nitriles are called cyano&compounds, but in the HSC database cyano& is notused. 0yridine, which is a cyclic nitrile compound, is marked with P.

!a(#e +.4.


!,!&+imethylpropanenitrile tert&-utyl cyanide !!+02 C@H


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29.#.2 Aldehydes, RC$% H

The end of the aldehyde name is the suffi#&nal, A5stands for an aldehyde.

!a(#e .2.


cetaldehyde 'thanal C' C!H%8 CH4CH8

$ormaldehyde ethanal CH!8 HCH8, H!C8

He#anal Caproaldehyde H9 C;H"!8 CH4*CH!%CH8

0ropanal 0ropionaldehyde 09 C4H;8 CH4CH!CH8

29.#.3 *etones, R1C$( R2

The suffi# oneis used at the end of ketone names. 3stands for a ketone in the formula suffi#. Eetones are namedas straight chain alkanes, not like ethers or by the o#o&prefi#.

!a(#e .+.Chemical 2ame Common 2ame Suffi# $ormula Structural formula

4&0entanone +iethyl ketone 402 C@H")8 CH4CH!C8CH!CH4

-utanone 'thyl methyl ketone -2 C%H=8 CH4CH!C8CH4

0ropanone cetone 02 C4H;8 CH4C8CH4

29.#.# )sters

'sters are marked by taking one letter from the alcohol&derived name and two letters from the acid&derived name.In the HSC database methanoates and ethanoates are formates and acetates as they are commonly named.

!a(#e ..


-utyl acetate -utyl acetate -C C;H"!8! CH4C88CH!CH!CH!CH4

ethyl !&methyl&!&propenoate ethyl methacrylate !!03 C@H=8! CH!C*CH4C88CH4

8ctyl formate 8ctyl formate 8$8 C


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29.#.' +henols

any phenol&derived compounds have specific common names.

!a(#e .6.


",!&-en(enediol Catechol CT C;H;8! H8*C;H%8H

",4&-en(enediol 3esorcinol 3'S C;H;8! H8*C;H%8H

",%&-en(enediol Hydroquinone HB/ C;H;8! H8*C;H%8H

!&etho#yphenol Duiacol D/ CAH=8! CH48*C;H%8H

!&ethylphenol o&Cresol 8C3 CAH=8 C*8HC*CH4CHCHCHCH

4&ethylphenol m&Cresol C3 CAH=8 C*8HCHC*CH4CHCHCH

%&ethylphenol p&Cresol 0C3 CAH=8 H4C*C;H%8H

0henol 0henol 0H' C;H;8 C;H@8H

29.#. Acids

cids are marked with Acharacter and diacids with A.!a(#e ..


-utanedioic acid Succinic acid S/C C%H=8! CH4CH!CH!C88H

'thanoic acid cetic acid C' C!H%8! CH4C88H

ethanoic acid $ormic acid $83 CH!8! CH88H

0ropanoic acid 0ropionic acid 0 C4H;8! CH4CH!C88H


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HSC Chemistry6.0 29 -


29.& Hydrocarbons containing sul-ide

29.&.1 hiols, R/H

Thiols are marked with !.

!a(#e 4.1.


",%&-utanedithiol Tetramethylenedithiol "%-+T C%H")S! CH!SHCH!CH!CH!SH

'thanethiol 'thyl mercaptan 'T C!H;S CH4CH!SH

29.&.2 /ul-ides, thiacompounds, R1/R2

Thia&compounds are named like ethers. Thiophene, which is a cyclic sulfide compound, is marked with !H.

!a(#e 4.2.


+imethyl sulfide !&Thiapropane +S C!H;S CH4SCH4

'thyl methyl sulfide !&Thiabutane 'S C4H=S CH4SCH!CH4

29.&.3 0isul-ides, dithiacompounds, R1//R2

+isulfides are named like ethers and marked with S.

!a(#e 4.+.


'thyl methyl disulfide !,4&+ithiapentane '+S C4H=S! CH4SSCH!CH4

29.&.# /ul-oxides

Sulfo#ides are named like ethers and marked with S7.

!a(#e 4..


+iethyl sulfo#ide ","G&Sulfinyl&bis*ethane +'S> C%H")S8 *CH4CH!!S8

29.&.& /ul-ones

Sulfones are named like ethers and marked with S3.

!a(#e 4.4.


+imethyl sulfone Sulfonylbismethane +S2 C!H;S8! *CH4!S8!

29.' Re-erence

Streitweiser, ., Heatcock, C. H., Introduction to 8rganic Chemistry, acmillan 0ublishing Company, 2ew ?ork, "

29 hydrocarbons.doc

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