28revolutions and nationalism
TRANSCRIPT
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Revolutions and Nationalism
World History, March 2013
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1830 More Revolutions
France overthrow one kin (Charles X), replacewith Louis-Philippe supported by upper-MC
bourgeoisie
Belgium revolution independence from
Dutch Republic
Independence movement in Poland crushed by
Russia
Austria stop Italian independenceWhen France sneezes, Europe gets a cold
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1848 Year of Revolutions
France (again)Overthrow monarchy
The Second Republic (no
monarchy, all elected leaders)
Constitution, universal male
suffrage, 4-year President
Charles Louis Napoleon
Bonaparte (Louis-Napoleon)nephew of N.B. elected
(Later calls himself Emperor
Napoleon III)
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Revolution Surges Through Europe
1848 Revolution in Paris set off revolutions
around Europe
Grievances had been piling up
Middle-class liberals wanted greater politicalrights
Workers demanded relief from miseries of
Industrial RevolutionNationalists wanted independence from foreign
rule
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Austrian Empire
Nationalist movements want
independence
Demonstrations in major cities
Gave Hungary its own legislature
Czechs want independence
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Revolts in Italian States
Nine states, divided among European
powers
Revolts, rapidly crushed by Austria, etc.
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Revolts in Italian States
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Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872)
Journalist andPolitician
Revolutionary
democrat
Republican
The Beating Heart of
Italy
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Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882)
Republican
Revolutionary
Military leaderRed Shirt Army
Guerilla fighter
1861 unifies Italyunder King Victor
Emmanuel II
QuickTime and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Napoleon III, Emperor of France
Re-emerging French
Empire
Sounded democratic
Believed in personalrule and a centralized
state
Attempted to seize
portions of Italy
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Map_21.03.jpg
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Unification of Germany, 1864-1871
Otto von Bismarck (1815-
1898)Junker Prussian Nobility
Brilliant diplomat
Realpolitik politics of
reality, not ethics
Blood and iron
The Iron Chancellor (Prime
Minister)
1862-1866 fought wars to
unify German territory
under Prussian control
Fought Austria 1866
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Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71France worried about growing Prussian
power
Declare war 1870
Entire French army and Napoleon III captured
Paris surrenders 28 JAN 1871
18 JAN 1871: Second German Empire (Reich)
declared in the Palace of Versailles, Hall of
Mirrors
King Wilhelm I of Prussia crowned KAISERWilhelm I of the new SECOND REICH
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Britain No Revolutions! How?1832 Parliament extends
voting rights - more membersof the industrial middle class
Keeps British bourgeoisie
connected and with a sense of
shared powerSocial and political reforms
Industrializationprosperity
rising wages and standard of
living for all
Queen Victoria reigned
1837-1901 symbol of British
pride