WBTTO

ATOCLI

EEarth's Cores: S. G:Brut Cretf: S. E. He6dge andD. A. Greenberg; C. E.Cha-ce- Hmong Deaths: R. G. Munger andM. G. Hurlich; J. Wer;Agen Scientist Flees: K. Suzuki.....

AL In Defense of Elitism: N. L. Gonzalez ........................................

ma Cimate Impat of Incteasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: J. Hansen et al.Is a New Evolutionary Synthesis Necessary?: G. L. Stebbins and F. J. Ayala ....

Microbial Competition: A. G. Fredrickson and G. Stephanopoulos...............Universities and the New Natinal Effor: D. C. Bok...........................

NNWS ANDC@UUT

NREARCHNEWS

BOOK VEWS

Quick March on Nuclear Licensing .........................

Hayes Intends Modest Reforms at FDA.......................................Aspartame Approved Despite Risks ..........................................Briefing: Report Doubts Value of Broadened Export Controls; Governors

Urge National Radwaste Policy; New NIE Director an Unknown Quantity;WaWWSCiona l Trat ..........................

AT&T Tries to Put Antitrust Suit on Hold.....................................The Summer of the Gypsy Moth .............................................

A New Light on Photosynthesis ........................................More Pogress on Gene Transfer ............................... .

Starship Capricorn .............. ..

Never at Rest, reviewed by R. Hahn; P of the Fifteenth Rencontre deMoriond, H.. A. Weldon; The Developnuiet bf the Vertebrate Limb, S. V.Bryant; Les Rongeurs et.l'Evolution, J. M. Rensberger; Books Received....

28)*f 23 N4

Volume2l3, No. 4511

950

:55

957

967

972

980

998

.bo-IV%-.m

REPORTS Uranium Series Dating of Human Skeletal Remains from the Del Mar andSunnyvale Sites, California: J. L. Bischoff and R. J. Rosenbauer ..... ...... 1003

Trace Water Content of Salt in Louisiana Salt Domes: L. P. Knauth andM. B. Kumar ........................................................... 1005

Clear Air Turbulence: An Airborne Alert System: L. P. Stearns et al. ..... ..... 1007

Photochemical Oxidants Potentiate Yield Losses in Snap Beans Attributableto Sulfur Dioxide: H. E. Heggestad and J. H. Bennett ..................... 1008

Morphine in Cow and Human Milk: Could Dietary Morphine Constitute a Ligandfor Specific Morphine (,u) Receptors?: E. Hazum et al . .................... 1010

Group Living, Competition, and the Evolution of Cooperation in a SessileInvertebrate: L. W. Buss ................................................ 1012

Milk of Dairy Cows Frequently Contains a Leukemogenic Virus: J. F. Ferrer,S. J. Kenyon, P. Gupta ................................................. 1014

Emergence of Posttetanic Potentiation as a Distinct Phase in theDifferentiation of an Identified Synapse in Aplysia: H. Ohmori,S. G. Rayport, E. R. Kandel ........... ................................. 1016

Demineralization of Porous Solids: E. L. Cussler and J. D. B. Featherstone ...... 1018

Quantitation of Sprouting of Dorsal Root Axons: C. E. Hulsebosch andR. E. Coggeshall ....................................................... 1020

In vitro Cultivation of the Exoerythrocytic Stage of Plasmodium berghei fromSporozoites: M. R. Hollingdale et al. ........ ........................... 1021

Skin Tumor-Promoting Activity of Benzoyl Peroxide, a Widely Used FreeRadical-Generating Compound: T. J. Slaga et al. ...... .................. 1023

Calcium-Dependent Prolonged Effects on Melanophores of [4-Norleucine,7-D-Phenylalanine]-a-Melanotropin: M. E. Hadley et al . ................... 1025

Myeloma Neuropathy: Passive Transfer from Man to Mouse:U. A. Besinger et al. .................................................. 1027

Periodicity of Sleep States Is Altered in Infants at Risk for the SuddenDeath Syndrome: R. M. Harper et al. ......... .......................... 1030

Neural Control of Swimming in a Vertebrate: A. Roberts et al. ..... ............ 1032

Hyperthermia-Induced Seizures in the Rat Pup: A Model for Febrile Convulsionsin Children: D. Holtzman, K. Obana, J. Olson ....... ..................... 1034

Abdominal Vagotomy Blocks the Satiety Effect of Cholecystokinin in the Rat:G. P. Smith et al. ..................................................... 1036

PRODUCTS AND Micro Centrifuge; Filter Unit for Sterilization of Culture Media; pH Meters;MATERIALS Management of Laboratory Data; Purified Lipopolysaccharides; Autoclave;

Video Densitometer; Literature...................... 1038

COVER

Skull from the Del Mar site, California,discovered in 1929 by M. J. Rogers. Apreviously published amino acid dateof 48,000 years for this anatomicallymodern individual has suggested thatHomo sapiens sapiens appeared in meNew World much earlier than in Eu-rope or the Near East. New data indi-cate the Del Mar individual is muchmore recent. See page 1003. [MarvinPopkin, San Diego Museum of Man,San Diego, California]

28 August 1981, Volume 213, Number 4511

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SCIENCE:

)efense of Elitismtism has been out of fashion in America, but laudable though that maypolitical and economic matters, in education we should remember thes espoused by leaders such as James Bryant Conant, who said, "Each;t calling, each walk of life, has its own aristocracy based on excellenceformance."race Mann, a founder of the public school system in the United States,i be proud that so many Americans today qualify for higher education,ould be appalled by the seemingly inconsistent public loss of faith inmia and schooling generally. Along with the lowering of Scholasticide Test scores across the nation, grade inflation is rampant ines. Both problems are evidence of our reluctance to evaluate perform-an attitude which discourages competition, study, and achievement.are other indications that our school system is not producing a trulytted public and does not encourage budding elites. It is possible toate from some high schools today without ever taking a course in:e, studying a foreign language, or writing a research paper.the same time that our scientists have been increasingly honored in theI Prize competition, there has been a ground swell of belief inloscience and reaction against science. One senator periodically tauntsLists for "golden fleecings," and spokesmen for the new Presidentsuggested that we should no longer strive to be world leaders in all theces. The United States reached preeminence in science and industryg World War II, in part because many top European scientists andeers emigrated to this country at that time. The brain drain could takein the other direction if conditions become sufficiently bleak here.2hina, between 1966 and 1976, intellectuals were denounced, belittled,Dmetimes banished. The result has been tragic, especially for a culturei for thousands of years placed great emphasis on the life of the mind(hich has contributed so much to the-fund of knowledge of the civilizedl. The Chinese have not only lost face as a nation, they have beenred in making the technological and sociological advances needed toheir population and improve their standard of living.n it happen here? There is more than one way to undermine a people'sin learning, and we are already partway down that road. We haveed to reward excellence in intellectual endeavor, and the averageican today speaks only one language and has relatively little under-ing of science or human behavior. We do not live in China, and the:n Fleece award is hardly the same as banishment to the mountains ofLan. Yet we must find ways to keep alive the respect for education andzctual achievement which has helped us attain our present standard of,. We must also remember that a republic cannot long remain bothant and free.avoid stagnation, we need two kinds of educated bodies-a public thatciates and urges continued support for research and education, and anrctual elite to provide both scientific and humanistic understanding toas cope with the harsh realities of the physical world.lous Huxley said that the great end of life is not knowledge, but action.enough, but we would do well to heed the words of another intellectualwarned of taking action without the benefit of knowledge. During thecentury A.D. the Chinese poet Han Shan wrote*:

Body clothed in a no-cloth robe,Feet clad in turtle's fur boots,I seize my bow of rabbit hornAnd prepare to shoot the devil Ignorance.

LNCIE L. GONZALEZ, Department of Anthropology, University ofiland, College Park 20742 p LI,"om ColdMountain, translated by B. Watson (Columbia University Press, New York, 1970).