28 lsa premalatha.pdf

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Life Science Archives (LSA)

ISSN: 2454-1354

Volume 1; Issue - 3; Year 2015; Page: 196 - 199

2015 Published by JPS Scientific Publications Ltd. All rights reserved

Research Article

ESTIMATION OF PHYSICO - CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON SILVER

BEACH MARINE WATER OF CUDDALORE DISTRICT

P. Premalatha1, C. Sivasubramanian

1, P Satheeshkumar1, M. Jeganathan2 and M. Balakumari2

1Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur - 613 010, Tamil Nadu,

India. 2Designed Environment Academy and Research Institute, Trichy - 621 213, Tamilnadu, India.

E.mail: [email protected]

Abstract

An ocean is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean

is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which occupies two-thirds of planet's surface.

These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic),

and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with "ocean" in American English but, strictly

speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the World Ocean) that land partly or fully

encloses. The sea water consist of an average of 35 g/1000 ml of dissolved compounds collectively called

salts or practical salinity units (psu) which include Cl- (55.04 %), Na

+ (30.61 %), SO4

2- (7.68 %), Mg

2+ (3.69

%), Ca2+

(1.16 %), K+ (1.10 %) as major constituents and HCO3 - (0.41 %), Br (0.19 %), H3BO3 (0.07 %)

and St2+

(0.04 %) apart from 0.01 % of dissolved substances of several inorganic salts needed for living of

the organisms in sea.

Article History Received : 13.04.2015

Revised : 18.05.2015

Accepted : 25.05.2015

Key words: Physico-chemical characteristics, Marine water, Silver beach and Cuddalore district.

1. Introduction Earth is the only planet that is known to

have an ocean (or any large amounts of open

liquid water). Saline water covers approximately

72% of the planet's surface (~3.6x108 km

2) and is

customarily divided into several principal oceans

and smaller seas, with the ocean covering

approximately 71% of the Earth's surface. The

ocean contains 97% of the Earth's water,

and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of

the World Ocean has been explored. The total

volume is approximately 1.3 billion cubic

* Corresponding author: P. Premalatha

E-mail: [email protected]

kilometers (310 million cu mi) with an average

depth of 3,682 meters (12,080 ft).

The ocean principally comprises Earth's

hydrosphere and therefore is integral to all known

life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences

climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of

230,000 known species, although much of the

ocean's depths remain unexplored, and over two

million marine species are estimated to

exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains

unknown; oceans are believed to have formed in

the Hadean period and may have been the impetus

for the emergence of life.

P. Premalatha/ Life Science Archives (LSA), Volume 1, Issue 3, Page 196 to 199, 2015 197


2. Materials and Methods

Marine Water Quality

Keeping in view of water-spread area,

were identified to ascertain the present status of

marine water quality. At the station, using

Technico Craft depth sampler, marine water samples were collected at the surface (at 0.30 M)

and at 10 M depth (where the depth was more than

10 M) in the year of 2013-2014 and analyzed for

physico chemical parameters as per standard procedures. Table 1: Methodology adopted for marine water

analysis

S.

No Parameter Unit Reference Method

1 Taste &

Odour

As

perceived IS:3025(5/7) As perceived

2 pH - IS:3025(11) Digital pH meter

3 Colour Hazan

Units IS:3025(4)

Comparison with

standards

4 Turbidity NTU IS:3025(10) Nephlometric

5

Total

Dissolved

Solids

mg/l IS:3025(16) Gravimetric

6 Total

Hardness mg/l IS:3025(21)

Titrimetric

(EDTA)

7 Iron mg/l 32 of

IS:3025

Colourimetric

(Phenonthrolein)

8 Chloride mg/l IS:3025(32) Titrimetric

(Argentometric)

9 Residual

chlorine mg/l IS:3025(26) Titrimetric

10 Calcium mg/l IS:3025(40) Titrimetric

(EDTA)

11 Magnesium mg/l IS:3025(46)

Titrimetric (by

difference Total

hardness and calcium hardness)

12 Alkalinity mg/l IS:3025(23) Colour indicator filtration

13 Dissolved

Solids mg/l IS:3025(38)

Winkler titrimetric azide modification

14 Sulphate mg/l IS:3025(24) Turbiditimetric/

Gravimetric

15 Flouride mg/l IS:2488(II)

Distillation

followed by

colourimetric

(SPANDS)

16 Nitrate mg/l IS:3025(34) Colorimetric

(PDA)

17 Cynaide mg/l IS:3025(27)

Colorimetric

(Pyridine bispyrazolone)

18 Pesticide mg/l IS:2488(III) Gas

chromatograph

19 Phenols mg/l IS:3025(43)

Distillation followed by

colourimetric(4-

Aminoantipyrine)

20 Manganese mg/l 35 of IS:

3025

Colourimetric

(Persulfate)

21 Chromium mg/l IS:2488(II)

Colourimetric

(diphenyl carbazide)

22 Copper mg/l IS:3025(42) AtomicAbsorption pectrophotometric

23 Selenium mg/l IS:2488(II) AtomicAbsorption pectrophotometric

24 Cadmium mg/l IS:3025(41) AtomicAbsorption pectrophotometric

25 Arsenic mg/l IS:3025(37) AtomicAbsorption pectrophotometric

26 Boron mg/l IS:2488(III) Colourimetric

(Curcumin)

27 Mercury mg/l IS:3025(48) Mercury Analyser

28 Lead mg/l IS:3025(47) AtomicAbsorption

pectrophotometric

29 Zinc mg/l IS:3025(49) Colourimetric

(Dithizone)

30 Percent

sodium % IS:2488(V)

From Na,K,Ca &

Mg values

31 BOD mg/l IS:3025(44)

32 COD mg/l IS:2488(V) Dichromate reflux

33 Oil &

Grease mg/l IS:3025(39) Gravimetric

3. Results and Discussion

Marine water

The sea water consist of an average of 35

g/1000 ml of dissolved compounds collectively

called salts or practical salinity units (psu) which

include Cl- (55.04 %), Na

+ (30.61 %), SO4

2- (7.68

%), Mg2+

(3.69 %), Ca2+

(1.16 %), K+ (1.10 %) as

major constituents and HCO3 - (0.41 %), Br (0.19

%), H3BO3 (0.07 %) and St2+

(0.04 %) apart from

0.01 % of dissolved substances of several

inorganic salts needed for living of the organisms

in sea.

The temperature of the surface water

during the sampled months reveals that there is a

mild variation in the temperature of the surface

water. When compared with bottom water, this

may be due to the less intense sunlight reaching

the bottom water. But the temperature recorded

was within the tolerable limit. So that it can

promote the activity of the birds and will not

affect the existence of birds. Similar result has

been reported by Kaur et al. (2000).



The BOD and DO values were inter related

there by an increasing DO reduces the BOD.

Similar results have been reported by Sedamkar

and Angadi (2003). Similar results has also been

observed by Asthana and Asthana et al. (2002).

The limit of DO concentration in Inland waters for

use as raw water for public water supply and for

water batching is 3 mg/L. It was observed that the

DO concentration was high, hence it can be used

not only for irrigational but suits the birds.

Table 2: Marine water quality data in Silver beach

S.

No Parameter

(Mean values)

Nov

2013

Dec 2

013

Jan

2014

Feb

2014

1 pH 8.49 8.48 8.40 8.48

2 Temperature 27.7 27 27.2 27.5

3 Turbidity 17 13 13 16

4 Salinity 34.76 34.95 35.04 35.23

5 Total Dissolved Solids 36213 36383 36483 36677

6 Total Suspended Solids 25 24 24 24

7 Dissolved Oxygen 7.14 7.16 7.36 7.31

8 BOD 3 3 3 3

9 COD 72 72 79 86

10 Oil & grease 1.95 1.21 1.16 0.71

11 Total Hardness 6890 6922 6941 6978

12 Calcium Hardness 1430 1436 1440 1448

13 Magnesium Hardness 5460 5485 5500 5530

14 Alkalinity 149 150 151 152

15 Chloride 19631 19723 19777 19883

16 Sulphate 2756 2769 2776 2791

17 Sodium 10596 10646 10675 10732

18 Potassium 431 433 434 436

19 Calcium 576 579 580 583

20 Magnesium 1311 1317 1321 1328

The amount of Chloride has not exceeded

25 mg/L during the months of water sampling

where as the limit of chloride for even drinking

water is found to the 25 mg/L. Hence the chloride

is of desirable value. Similar result has been

reported by Dhamiya and Jain (1995), from

Jabalpur. But Kaur et al. (2000) has reported

higher chloride values in certain lakes of

Coimbatore which may be due to domestic and

other effluents.

The values of Total hardness are well

below the total alkalinity which shows that the

hardness is imparted by the carbonates of calcium

and magnesium, which is called as temporary

hardness. The Sulphate values have also been a

minimum in both the surface and bottom waters.

Similarly Sedamkar and Angadi et al. (2003) has

reported lesser value of sulphate in Umshyrpi

River in the pre monsoon period and higher

values



Nanded, Maharashtra. Poll Res., 22(4): 595 -

599.

6) Sedakar, K.N and M. Angadi. 2003. Characterization, Treatment and cost analysis

studies of textile processing waste water of

vatva industrial complex. IJEP, 24(11): 833 -

837.

28 lsa premalatha.pdf

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