28 jan 2016 | niosh bandar baru bangi · 4 issue 24, volume 8, 2015 a confined space is an enclosed...

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Issue 24, Volume 8, 2015

During the last decades companies have invested a lot of time and effort reducing risks for injuries by developing technical solutions and implementing safety management systems. As a result, the

number of incidents has been reduced significantly. However, often the incident rate remains on a stubborn plateau and companies look for additional measures to further improve their safety

performance based on internal or external requirements. Factors for occupational accidents can be technical, organizational or behavioral. The latter one is paving the way for many pre-existing

factors to come together and by this is the final common pathway for almost all accidents. Although many incidents are attributed to people’s carelessness or poor safety attitude, most of

these are triggered by underlying barriers for safe behavior or supported by the culture of an organization.

A Behavioral Safety approach addresses at-risk behaviors and identifies underlying barriers.

Although Behavioral Safety usually focuses on workshop employee level, an active role and contribution of all employees is required. Essential in Behavioral Safety is to show leadership and

activate employees to identify and remove barriers for safe behavior and how to motivate people to strive towards and sustain an injury-free culture.

The 1-Day seminar is designed to provide the participants with deeper background information about Safety Culture Improvement based on Behavioral Safety. It will introduce effective tools to

improve safe behavior for all levels of employees. The seminar is based on the trainer’s practical experience of successfully implementing safety culture improvement programs in many different

countries and includes theoretical.

28 JAN 2016 | NIOSH BANDAR BARU BANGI

PUBLIC AWARENESS SEMINAR SERIES 2016

SAFETY CULTURE IMPROVEMENT WITH BEHAVIORAL SAFETY

Objectives:

At the end of this seminar, participants should be

able to:

• define an injury-free culture

• understand motivation for behavior and how to

change behavior

• know details of the 4 elements of a Behavior-

Based Safety (BBS) program

• be aware of potential pitfalls and success

factors of Behavioral Safety

Target Audience:

•OHS professionals

• Plant manager, heads of organizations

• Line manager in production, construction,

maintenance, warehousing, laboratory etc.

in all industries

• Project manager

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ONLINE Registration at http://www.niosh.com.my

For more information, please contact the secretariat : Phone: 03-8911 3877/ 3889 (Ms. Halimatulsaadiah/Mr. Amir ) F : 03-8926 9841

Email : [email protected]

COMMUNICATION, BUSINESS AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION DIVISION (CBID)

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH (NIOSH)

Lot1, Jalan 15/1, Section 15, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor T : 03-8769 2201 F : 03-8926 5655

www.facebook.com/nioshmalaysia www.twitter.com/nioshmalaysia


NO.

TENTATIVE PROGRAM TIME DURATION

1 Registration 08:30 – 09:00 30 M

2 Safety Culture and Behavioral Safety Human Behavior and Actions

09:00-10:30 1 H 30 M

3 TEA BREAK 10:30 – 11:00 30 M

4 Intervention and Communication 11:00-12:00 1 H

6 Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) 12:00 – 13:00 1 J

7 LUNCH 13:00 – 14:00 1 H

8 Pitfalls and Success Factors 14:00 – 15:00 1 H

9 Preparation and Implementation Applied Behavioral Safety

15:00 -16:30 1 H 30 M

10 TEA BREAK / CERTIFICATE

Date : 28 JAN 2016 Fee : RM 80.00/person (Inclusive of the 6% GST) Certificate : Yes Registration : Online System / www.niosh.com.my Payment : Cash

28 JAN 2016 | NIOSH BANDAR BARU BANGI

PUBLIC AWARENESS SEMINAR SERIES 2016

SAFETY CULTURE IMPROVEMENT WITH BEHAVIORAL SAFETY

http://www.niosh.com.my/

4


A confined space is an enclosed area with limited space and accessibility. An example is the

interior of a storage tank, which may be occasionally entered by workers for maintenance but is

otherwise not a habitable space. Hazards in a confined space often include harmful dust or

gases, asphyxiation, submersion in liquids or free-flowing granular solids (for example, grain

bins), electrocution, or entrapment.

Confined space accidents are of particular concern in occupational safety and health due to the

hazards that they pose to the victim and subsequently to a rescue team. Confined space training

outlines the skills and protocols for safe entry to confined spaces, and includes precautions such

as locking and tagging out connecting piping, testing of breathable air quality, forced ventilation,

observation of workers in the space, and a predetermined rescue plan with appropriate safety

harnesses and other rescue equipment standing by.

Description

Although the definition of a confined space varies between jurisdictions, it is generally recognized

as a space that:

• has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;

• is large enough for a person to enter to perform tasks;

• is not designed or configured for continuous occupancy; and

• has the potential for a significant hazard to be present.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocution

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrapment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Confined_space_warning_01.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockout-tagout


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A utility tunnel, the inside of a boiler (only accessible when the boiler is off), the inside of a fluid storage tank, a septic

tank that has contained sewage, and a small underground electrical vault are all examples of confined spaces. Ships

and other vessels commonly have confined spaces due to the need for compartmentalized watertight construction.

The exact definition of a confined space varies depending on the type of industry. That is, confined spaces on a

construction site are defined differently than confined spaces in a paper mill. Confined spaces that present

special hazards to workers, including risks of toxic or asphyxiant gas accumulation, fires, falls, flooding, and

entrapment may be classified as permit-required confined spaces depending on the nature and severity of the

hazard.

Even normally habitable parts of a building such as corridors or offices may take on the characteristics of a confined

space, during operations that alter normal ventilation and access. For example, a room may be wrapped in plastic

sheeting for painting and any vapour emitted in the room may not be dispersed by blocked ventilation ducts.

In the U.S., entry into permit-required confined spaces must comply with regulations promulgated by

the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). These regulations include developing a written program,

issuing entry permits, assigning attendant(s), designating entrants, and ensuring a means of rescue.

According to the OSHA, a permit-required confined space (permit space) has the three characteristics listed above

(which define a confined space) and one or more of the following:

1. Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere

2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing the entrant

3. Has an internal configuration that might cause an entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging

walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross section

4. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards.

In addition to the hazards posed by the design of the space, work activities can also pose serious safety hazards

(heat, noise, vapors, etc.) that must be taken into account when identifying safety measures that must be taken.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_vault

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worker

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxiant_gas



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxia

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Entry certification

In many situations, certification of non-hazardous atmosphere

by a trained or competent person is required before personnel

may enter a confined space without the use of a respirator. In

the United States Navy, that person is the designated

shipboard gas-free engineer. Certification in civilian settings

can be performed by an Entry Supervisor who, under OSHA

regulations, is designated by the employer and ensures that

the space is safe to enter and all hazards are controlled.

In the United States, agricultural and construction operations

are exempted from regulations governing permit-required

confined spaces (which is specific to general industry), but

they are still required to identify and control confined space

hazards.

Injuries and fatalities

Injuries and fatalities involving confined spaces are frequent

and often involve successive fatalities when would-be rescuers

succumb to the same problem as the initial victim.

Approximately 60% of fatalities involve would-be rescuers and

more than 30% of fatalities occur in a space that has been

tested and found to be safe to enter. One example was in 2006

at the decommissioned Sullivan Mine in British Columbia,

Canada when one initial victim and then three rescuers all died.

Accidents in confined spaces present unique challenges and

are often catastrophic, such as the Xcel Energy Cabin Creek

Fire in 2007.

.

Atmospheric hazards

The most common hazard seen in confined spaces is that of

atmospheric hazards. These affect air quality and present

immediate hazards to health or life. Acceptable atmospheric

conditions must be verified before entry, and must be monitored

continuously while the space is occupied.

The oxygen concentration, the presence of toxic gases, and

flammable material are the three conditions that must be

monitored.

Oxygen concentration is considered safe if it is between 19.5%

and 23.5% of the total atmosphere. To protect against toxic

gases, contaminants have permissible exposure limits (PELs),

which are set by OSHA. Work also cannot continue if the

concentration of a material reaches or exceeds 10% of its lower

explosive limit.

Even if a tank or similar vessel initially is tested and found to

contain breathable air, a hazard can develop during operations

inside the tank if residues inside the tank can release toxic gas

or vapor when disturbed or if accidentally ignited. Steel water

tanks may have dangerously low oxygen concentration when

the interior rusts.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas-free_engineer



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullivan_Mine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia,_Canada

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia,_Canada

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xcel_Energy_Cabin_Creek_Fire,_Georgetown_Colorado

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xcel_Energy_Cabin_Creek_Fire,_Georgetown_Colorado

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

7 Sources info from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confined_space


. In 1999, North West OHS released a study of confined space fatalities based on reports from the Occupational Safety and

Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute of Occupational Safety Health (NIOSH) and the Mines Safety and Health

Administration (MHSA) with a breakdown of their causes. Researchers believe that the following numbers are only a fraction

of the fatal confined space accidents that actually occurred as many locations are not initially identified as confined spaces,

OSHA reports did not include non-hazardous confined space fatalities in their studies prior to 1982, NIOSH still do not

include non-hazardous confined space fatalities in their studies and many American states do not note the presence of

confined spaces in fatality reports submitted to OSHA.

• Fire and Explosion (OSHA 1982a): 50 confined space incidents from 1974 to 1979 with 76 fatalities.

The majority of incidents were caused by worker error or faulty equipment.

• Lockout-tagout (OSHA 1982b): 83 confined space incidents from 1974 to 1980 with 83 fatalities.

This category covers conveyor belts and machinery on the factory floor etc. that are not generally considered confined

spaces, but which satisfy the criteria for a confined space.

• Grain Handling (OSHA 1983): 105 confined space incidents from 1977 to 1981 with 126 fatalities.

• Toxic and Asphyxiating Atmospheres (OSHA 1985): 122 confined space incidents from 1974 to 1982 with 173 fatalities.

• Welding and Cutting (OSHA 1988): 217 incidents from 1974 to 1985 with 262 fatalities.

OSHA reports of welding and cutting deaths do not record whether or not an incident has occurred in a confined space, it

is estimated that 22% of the incidents were in a confined space.

• Shipbuilding & Repair (OSHA 1990): 151 incidents from 1974 to 1984 with 176 fatalities.

OSHA reports of shipbuilding deaths do not record whether or not an incident has occurred in a confined space, it is

estimated that 36% of the incidents were in a confined space.

• Mining (MSHA Report 1988): 38 confined space incidents from 1980 to 1986 with 44 fatalities.

According to data collected by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational

Injuries program, fatal injuries in confined spaces fluctuated from a low of 81 in 1998 to a high of 100 in 2000 during the f ive-

year period, averaging 92 fatalities per year.

Rescue

Where a system of entry permits is in place, a rescue plan is required. It will list the personnel and equipment required to be

at the worksite before entry is allowed. Special equipment such as tripod hoists, harnesses, and others may be required to

extricate a worker from a toxic environment, without unduly endangering rescue personnel.




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics




Continue… 8

Written by experts with real-world experience in applying ergonomics methodology in a range of contexts, Evaluation of Human Work, Fourth Edition explores ergonomics and human factors from a "doing it" perspective. More than a cookbook of ergonomics methods, the book encourages students to think about which methods they should apply, when, and why. Now in its fourth edition, the editors have again brought together a team of world-renowned experts and created a forum for them to discuss and debate their most valued approaches.

See What’s New in the Fourth Edition:

• Significant change of authorship and content in each chapter • Five new chapters covering inclusive design, situation awareness,

neuroergonomics, ergonomics and quality, and standards in ergonomics design and evaluation

• Discussion of the idea of reflective practice and Ergonomics/Human Factors • Examination of the systems perspective now prevalent in the field • Coverage of new tools and the relationship between these physiologically

measured parameters and theoretical concepts such as workload, fatigue, stress, or effort

In addition to being a foundational text, the book is an authoritative reference for practising ergonomists. Completely revised and updated, this fourth edition retains the features that have made the book a perennial favourite. After reading each chapter you will feel as though you understand the context of how to practise ergonomics and what aspects of method selection and implementation you should consider. The book provides a guide to the benefits ergonomics and human factors can offer industry, business, or human service professionals.

by John R. Wilson(Editor), Sarah Sharples


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Continue… 9

Editorial Reviews Review "From the first edition, this text was a ‘must have’; it still is. Ergonomics/human factors (E, HF) addresses real problems in the real world and its broad arsenal of methods and tools is one of the strengths of the field. …This fourth edition continues the same overall concept as the first, but has added a number of new chapters and updated all existing ones. As always, the chapter authors are experts in their area. The emphasis on being up-to-date and authoritative makes the book an essential source for anyone interested in the human –system design and interaction." ―Professor Ann Williamson, University of New South Wales, Australia "… great book. If you liked the previous editions of the book, then you will like this new fourth edition even better. The late john Wilson and his colleague Sarah Sharples have done an amazing job in pulling a group of international experts that cover the range of human factors and ergonomics domains." ―Pascale Carayon, University of Wisconsin-Madison

About the Author John R Wilson was Professor of Human Factors at the University of Nottingham and also worked for many years part time as a human factors specialist within Network Rail, the UK rail infrastructure provider. He was both a Chartered Psychologist and a Chartered Engineer, as well as being a Fellow of the Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors (president in 2010-2011), member of the HFES and Registered European Ergonomist. He was editor-in-chief of Applied Ergonomics, in 1995 was awarded the Sir Frederic Bartlett Medal of the Ergonomics Society for services to international ergonomics teaching and research, and was awarded the Distinguished Overseas Colleague Award of the US Human Factors and Ergonomics Society in 2008. He served for many years on the Council and the Executive of the International Ergonomics Association. Sarah Sharples is a Professor of Human Factors at the University of Nottingham. She leads a number of projects investigating novel technologies in workplace contexts including transport, manufacturing and healthcare, collaborating with a wide range of industry and academic partners. She is a Fellow of the Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors and will be president of the institute in 2014-2015. She led the Human Factors Research Group at the University of Nottingham to the award of the President’s Medal from the Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors in 2013.






Continue… 10 **Book for reference only : More details of this book, please refer NIOSH

Library and to browse list of collection please visit; http://www.niosh.com.my

Product Details Hardcover: 1031 pages Publisher: CRC Press; 4 edition (April 16, 2015) Language: English ISBN-10: 1466559616 ISBN-13: 978-1466559615 Product Dimensions: 3 x 7 x 9 inches Shipping Weight: 4.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies) Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #2,110,360 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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28 jan 2016 | niosh bandar baru bangi · 4 issue 24, volume 8, 2015 a confined space is an enclosed...

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