27816397 bio molecular computing

8/21/2019 27816397 Bio Molecular Computing

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SEMINAR

ONBIOMOLECULAR COMPUTING


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Presentation Outline

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qBasic concepts of Bio-molecules

qOriin of Biomolecular Computin

qSolution for NP-Complete Pro!lems

qA"#antaes of $NA Computin

qPro!lems %it& A"leman's E(periment

q$NA Computers

qCurrent researc&qConclusion

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3/23

)&at is $NA*

$NA stan"s for $eo(+ri!onucleic Aci"

$NA represents t&e enetic !lueprint ofli#in creatures

$NA contains ,instructions for assem!lincells

E#er+ cell in &uman !o"+ &as a complete

set of $NA $NA is uni.ue for eac& in"i#i"ual


4/23

Double Helix shape of DNA

T&e t%o stran"s of a $NAmolecule are anti parallel%&ere eac& stran" runs in an

opposite "irection/ Complementar+ !ase pairs

A"enine 0 T&+mine Guanine 0 C+tosine

T%o stran"s are &el" toet&er!+ %ea1 &+"roen !on"s!et%een t&e complementar+!ase pairs


5/23

Instructions in $NA

Instructions are codedin a sequence of the DNA

bases A segment of DNA is exposed, transcribed and

translated to carry out instructions

Se.uence to in"icate t&estart of an instruction

Instruction t&at triers2ormone in3ection

Instruction for &air cells

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6/23

$NA $uplication


7/23

Basics an"Oriin of $NA Computin

l$NA computin is utili5in t&e propert+ of $NA formassi#el+ parallel computation/

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l)it& an appropriate setup an" enou& $NA6 one can

potentiall+ sol#e &ue pro!lems !+ parallel searc&/l

lUtili5in $NA for t&is t+pe of computation can !e muc&faster t&an utili5in a con#entional computer

lLeonar" A"leman propose" t&at t&e ma1eup of $NA an"its multitu"e of possi!le com!inin nucleoti"es coul"&a#e application in computational researc& tec&ni.ues


8/23

$ense Information Storae T&is imae s&o%s 7

ram of $NA on a C$/T&e C$ can &ol" 899MB of "ata/

T&e 7 ram of $NA can

&ol" a!out 7(797: MBof "ata/

)it& !ases space" at9/;< nm alon $NA6

"ata "ensit+ is o#er amillion G!its=inc&compare" to >G!its=inc& in t+pical&i& performance2$$/


9/23

2o% $ense is t&e Information Storae*

C&ec1 t&is out444//

7 ram ? :(79 @7


10/23

2o% enormous is t&e parallelism*

A test tu!e of $NA can contain trillions ofstran"s/ Eac& operation on a test tu!e of $NAis carrie" out on all stran"s in t&e tu!e in

parallel

C&ec1 t&is out44/ )e T+picall+ use

; (797:


11/23

Steps for A"leman's E(periment

Stran"s of $NA represent t&e se#en cities/ In enes6enetic co"in is represente" !+ t&e letters A6 T6 Can" G/ Some se.uence of t&ese four lettersrepresente" eac& cit+ an" possi!le fli&t pat&/

T&ese molecules are t&en mi(e" in a test tu!e6 %it&some of t&ese $NA stran"s stic1in toet&er/ A c&ainof t&ese stran"s represents a possi!le ans%er/

)it&in a fe% secon"s6 all of t&e possi!le com!inations of

$NA stran"s6 %&ic& represent ans%ers6 are create" int&e test tu!e/


12/23

A"leman's E(periment

Hamilton Path Problem(also knon as the tra!elling salesperson problem"

TM

$EL2I

BOMBA

C2ENNAI

BGLRE

DOLLAM

Is t&ere an+ 2amiltonian pat& from DOLLAM to $EL2I*


13/23

Su!se.uentl+ logic gates can be employedusin$NA/

Loic ates ma"e up of $NA6 instea" of usinelectrical sinals to perform loical functions6 rel+ on$NA co"e/

T&e+ "etect framents of genetic materialas input6splice toet&er t&ese framents an" form a sinleoutput/

T&e researc&ers !elie#e t&at t&ese loic ates mi&t!e com!ine" %it& $NA microc&ips to create a!rea1t&rou& in $NA computin/


14/23

Operations

lMeltin!rea1in t&e %ea1 &+"roen !on"s in a"ou!le &eli( to form t%o $NA stran"s %&ic&

are complement to eac& ot&erlAnnealin

reconnectin t&e &+"roen !on"s !et%eencomplementar+ $NA stran"s


15/23

Operations Cont'"F

Merinmi(in t%o test tu!es %it& man+ $NAmolecules

Amplification$NA replication to ma1e man+ copies of t&eoriinal $NA molecules

Selectionelimination of errors e// mutationsF an"selection of correct $NA molecules


16/23

A"#antaes of a $NA Computer

lParallel Computing

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lIncredibly light

weightl

lLow power

lSoles ComplexProblems !uic"ly

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l#illions ofoperationssimultaneously

l$enerate potentialsolutions

l%fficiently handlemassie amounts

of wor"ingmemory

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17/23

Current Researc&


18/23

E$NA

lE$NA is o!3ect oriente" an" e(tensi!le6 so t&at it caneasil+ e#ol#e as t&e fiel" proresses/

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lE$NA is t&erefore a researc& tool t&at ma1es it possi!le

to use t&e a"#antaes of con#entional computin toma1e $NA computin relia!le/

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lE$NA inclu"es rap&ical interfaces an" clic1-an"-"rafacilities to ena!le eas+ use/


19/23

$NA Aut&entication

lTai%an intro"uce" t&e %orl"s first $NAaut&entication c&ip/

lUse of $NA c&ips on national i"entificationcar"s in or"er to crac1 "o%n on frau"s usinfa1e I$ car"s/

lT&e s+nt&esi5e" $NA insi"e t&e c&ip enerates$NA sinals %&ic& onl+ t&e compan+s

rea"ers can "etect an" aut&enticate in t%osecon"s/

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20/23

$NA C&ip


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)&at "e#elopments can %e

e(pect* Increase" use of molecules ot&er t&an $NA

Some impact on molecular !iolo+ !+ $NA

computation Increase" error a#oi"ance an" "etection

Cross-fertili5ation amon $NA computin6molecular !iolo+6 an" computation !iolo+

Nic&e uses of $NA computers for pro!lemst&at are "ifficult for electronic computers


22/23

T2AND OU

It %ill ta1e +ears to "e#elop a practical6%or1a!le $NA computer/

But4Let's all &ope t&at t&is $REAM comestrue

$one B+4&ttpH==enineerin-seminar-topics/!lospot/com=
http://engineering-seminar-topics.blogspot.com/http://engineering-seminar-topics.blogspot.com/


23/23

T2ANDS To4

lMr/ Peter Pra"eep 2O$F

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lMrs/ Sari1a G Sem/Gui"eF

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l

l Dasturi E/SSem/ Co/or"/F

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l

27816397 bio molecular computing

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