TARGET

Michael Downie

David Gray

Juan Manuel Jiménez

STUDENT’S BOOK

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2

B1+

Pairwork p82 Activity Bank p86 Over to you p104 Transcripts p122

Contents

Unit Page Unit title Grammar Vocabulary Reading

Travel the world

used to, be used to, get used toused to or wouldGerunds and infinitivesstop, remember, forget, regret

Easily confused wordsTravel collocationsDescribing food, people, places and the weather

They do things differently hereTarget Reading: Answering comprehension questions

Lucky escapesNarrative tensesPast Perfect Continuous

Verbs with similar meaningsPhrasal verbsAntonyms

Lucky to be aliveTarget Reading: Identifying synonyms in a text

Alternatives Verb forms reviewSubject and object questions

Adjective suffixesVerbs and prepositionsMood collocations

Teen craze has health benefitsTarget Reading: Choosing reading techniques

Check and Test 1

Detecting crimesModals: obligation, permission, present and past deductions

Crime and punishmentRobbing and stealingDescribing appearance and character

How reliable are eyewitnesses?Target Reading: Choosing the correct summary

Advertising Passives Homonyms and homophonesAdvertising collocations

The beautiful messageTarget Reading: Avoiding repetition

A place to liveRelative clausesComparison

Social issuesDescribing buildingsCity features

City of contrasts Target Reading: True and false questions

Check and Test 2

Stars in their eyesReported speechReporting verbs

Award ceremoniesFilm words

Short and sweet for OscarsTarget Reading: Rewriting sentences

Working it out

Conditionalsunless, providing that,as long aswish

IdiomsThe world of workJobs and studies

Amy Tan talks about her career Target Reading: Answering questions in your own words

Exam success ReviewReviewPhrasal verb review

Exam success: what the experts sayTarget Reading: Recognising question types

Check and Test 3

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Contents 3

B1+

Listening Speaking Writing Activity Bank

Living abroadTarget Listening: Answering listening questions

Interaction: Holding a quizTarget Speaking:Checking understanding Production: Describing places

An informal letterTarget Writing:Using adjectives in descriptions

UK and US EnglishVerbs followed by gerunds or infinitivesIntensifiersWriting checklist

A news interviewTarget Listening: Global listening

Interaction: That’s interesting!Target Speaking:Showing interest Production: Telling a story

A narrative Target Writing: Making narratives vivid

SuffixesTime expressionsShowing disinterestLinkers of reason and result

Life goalsTarget Listening:Completing gapped sentences

Interaction: Tackling stressProduction: A weekend breakTarget Speaking: Sequencing events

A for and against essayTarget Writing: Writing a for and against essay

Phrasal verbs: two particlesQuestion tagsSimilesVerbs with prepositions

A crime reportTarget Listening: Checking notes

Interaction: Explaining mysteriesTarget Speaking: Expressing feelingsProduction: Witness descriptions

An articleTarget Writing: Writing an article

Phrasal verbs: crimehave to and mustBeing vagueSpelling

Advertising slogansTarget Listening: Choosing between similar answers

Interaction: Talking about an issueTarget Speaking: Interrupting politelyProduction: Talking about an advertisement

A formal letter Target Writing: Formal English

Phrasal verbs: moneyhave/get something doneBinomialsFormal and informal letters

ArchitectureTarget Listening: Identifying opinions

Interaction: Finding accommodation Target Speaking:Showing surpriseProduction: Describing homes

A description of a placeTarget Writing: Giving facts and opinions

Phrasal verbs: telephoningRelative clauses with whom,as if and as thoughExpressions of manner, place and time

Cinema storiesTarget Listening: Identifying a speaker’s intention

Interaction: Role-playProduction: Favourite filmsTarget Speaking: Describing films

A film reviewTarget Writing: Writing a film review

Phrasal verbs: success and failureReporting verbsCompliments, commiserations and thanksLinkers of addition and contrast

Career plans Target Listening: Listening to informal English

Interaction: Comparing jobsTarget Speaking:Using discourse markersProduction: Describing work routines

A reportTarget Writing: Writing a report

Phrasal verbs: work I wish and If only Giving pros and consAbbreviations

Exam tipsTarget Listening: Taking a listening exam

Interaction: Preparing for oral examsProduction: Oral exam tasksTarget Speaking:Taking an oral exam

Essay plansTarget Writing: Writing essay plans

Vocabulary gamesGrammar clinicUseful phrasesRevision tips

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1

4

Reading

Travel the world

1 Work in pairs. Are the sentences true or false?1 Restaurants in the UK close early in the evenings.2 Chinese hosts are very generous.3 In Russia, you can rest your elbows on the dining table.4 Thirteen is a lucky number in the USA.5 The colour red has negative associations in all cultures.

2 Scan the text to check your answers.

They do things differently here

Travel broadens the mind, but as experienced

travellers know, you need to adjust your mindset

to enjoy your travels. Different destinations have

different cultures and it is easy to make cross-

cultural mistakes which lead to misunderstandings.

A quick look at eating customs around the

world highlights some typical problems. Anyone

expecting to sit down for a meal at 10 p.m. in the

UK will find many restaurants closing for the night.

Eating in someone’s house is no less problematic.

Chinese hosts can press guests to eat and drink

more than they wish, and it is difficult to say no

without causing offence. Refusing coffee in a

Muslim household is also considered impolite. To

avoid being rude, accept the coffee and a couple of

refills: drinking an odd number of cups is politer

than drinking an even number.

Be careful how you show your enjoyment of a

meal: even simple gestures can lead to problems.

Joining the thumb and forefinger in a circle might

mean OK in the USA, but in France it can actually

mean zero and in Japan, money. Belching or

burping after dinner is a sign of appreciation and

thanks in some Arabic cultures, although in the

UK this would not be taken as a compliment to the

chef. Likewise, resting your elbows on the dining

table is frowned upon in Dutch and Russian homes,

but is more acceptable in some Mediterranean

countries.

Even number and colour associations change

from culture to culture. You will find that

American hotels do not have a thirteenth floor,

whereas in Korea and Vietnam four is thought to

be the unlucky number. Red, the colour of good

luck and fortune in China, is often associated

with blood and anger in many Western societies.

For many Europeans, black is the colour of

bereavement. However, for the Masaai people in

Kenya and Tanzania, black represents rain clouds

and is a very lucky colour.

So what is the best advice for travellers facing

cultural confusion? Perhaps the most useful

thing to remember is the old proverb: when in

Rome do as the Romans do. Enjoy your trip.

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1

Unit 1 5

Answering comprehension questionsUse this technique to answer comprehension questions. • Underline the Wh-word and main content

words in each question and predict what information to look for: a name, a number, a place, a reason and so on.

• Scan the text for relevant information.• Use this information to answer the questions.• Read the questions again and check your

answers.

Easily confused words

1 Find the words in the text. Do they mean the same in your language?typical (line 7) refusing (line 13)

2 Choose the correct option in each sentence.

1 It was difficult to occupy / entertain our guests when we didn’t speak their language.

2 I ate too much last night because my host is a very good cooker / cook.

3 Gail couldn’t believe her eyes / in her eyes when she saw how much food was on the table.

4 My hosts asked me to give / say my opinion on the food they had cooked for dinner.

5 The way of life / living is totally different in Japan to England.

6 When I visited Greece I found the food very tasteful / tasty.

7 Unfortunately / For my bad luck, they’d cooked fish for dinner which I don’t eat.

8 David had to pass / spend the time he was in Italy living with an Italian family.

9 The local people will only swim where the water is really clear / clean.

10 They offered / promised me five cups of coffee!

3 Complete the sentences using some of the words that you did not use in exercise 2.1 The decorations for the Chinese New Year

celebrations were very _____ and simple.2 We needed some way to _____ everyone

until the meal was ready.3 Our time in Korea _____ very quickly.4 My work colleague from Bulgaria _____

to tell me all about their customs and traditions.

5 They _____ the room of furniture to have a party for all the students who had just arrived in the country.

4 Work in pairs. Write five gapped sentences using words from this section.

5 Exchange sentences with another pair. Complete the sentences they give you.

3 Read the questions carefully and underline the Wh-words and main content words.1 Why should travellers be aware of cultural

differences?2 How many cups of coffee should you drink

in a Muslim household?3 What does the gesture mentioned in the

text mean in different countries?4 Where is it acceptable to belch or burp

after a meal? 5 Who believes that black has positive

associations?6 How can travellers avoid cultural confusion?

4 Scan the text for relevant information and answer the questions in exercise 3.

5 Complete the sentences with words from the text.1 I am an _____ traveller. I travel to a

different destination every summer. (paragraph 1)

2 Different cultural customs can lead to _____ . (paragraph 1)

3 In some countries it is considered _____ to refuse food or drink. (paragraph 2)

4 It is important to use the correct body language and _____ in different countries. (paragraph 3)

5 Numbers and colours can have different _____ around the world. (paragraph 4)

6 A _____ is a sentence which gives good advice. (paragraph 5)

6 Work in pairs. Describe the habits and customs of your country. Use these ideas.• Saying hello and goodbye• Visiting family and friends• Gestures and body language• Lucky numbers and colours

How do you say football in US English? Turn to page 86.

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6

Answering listening questionsUse this technique to answer listening questions.• Read all the questions carefully.• Do you know the answers to any of the

questions already? • Listen and compare your answers.• Listen again to correct or add any other

information.

Listening: Living abroad

1 Work in pairs. List differences and similarities between the UK and the USA.

3 Read the questions. Do you know the answers already?1 Why is Harvey in the UK?2 What things are similar in the UK and USA?3 What sports did Harvey enjoy in the USA?4 Where do people go shopping in the UK

and USA?5 What is the weather like in New York?

4 Listen to Harvey again and compare your answers.

5 Listen again for extra information about the following.

college language football polite expressions

2 1.1 Listen to Harvey. Does he mention your ideas?

used to, be used to, get used to

1 Match the examples with the descriptions.1 I used to play basketball.2 I’m getting used to living in Britain.3 I’m not used to standing in the rain.

a to be or not be familiar with somethingb to become familiar with somethingc to describe a past habit

2 Which structures use the gerund? Which use the infinitive?

3 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of used to, be used to or get used to.1 I _____ live in Morocco: I loved it!2 I found it easy to adapt to the Moroccan

lifestyle and I soon _____ living there. 3 The hot weather was a problem at first.

I _____ sleeping in high temperatures.4 I _____ eating spicy food so I enjoyed

trying the exotic dishes. 5 At every meal, I _____ drink lots of

water.6 The waiters in all my favourite restaurants

soon _____ serving me!

4 Write sentences about you with used to, be used to and get used to.

used to or would

1 Which example can we rewrite with would? Why?1 We used to go to baseball games.2 I used to think the weather was really

bad!

2 Rewrite the sentences with would if possible.1 My family used to live in the USA.2 We used to go to the movies every week.3 I used to play a lot of tennis.4 My brothers didn’t use to like doing

exercise.5 I used to have a horse.6 I used to go riding every weekend.7 He used to enjoy galloping through

the fields.8 I used to be very happy in the States.

3 Write five more sentences with would. Ask a partner to check them.

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Unit 1 7

1Grammar: Gerunds and infi nitives

2 Match the sentences in exercise 1 with the meanings.1 to stop doing something permanently2 to stop doing one activity in order

to do another

3 Which actions happened first in the sentences in exercise 1?1 stop or rest?2 stop or play badminton?

4 Read the examples. Which actions happened first in each case? 1 I forgot to change money at the airport

when I arrived. forget or change?2 I’ll never forget arguing with the taxi

driver. forget or argue?3 I lost my wallet. I remembered leaving

it in the hotel. remember or leave?4 Luckily, I remembered to cancel my credit

cards. remember or cancel?5 The airport announcement said, ‘We regret

to inform passengers that flight 307 is delayed.’ regret or inform?

6 I was furious. Later I regretted getting angry with the airline staff. regret or get angry?

5 Rewrite the sentences using the prompts.1 Keith saw a man in a red coat at the

airport. He remembered this later. Keith remembered…2 As Sally was walking, she dropped

her camera case. She picked it up immediately.

Sally stopped…3 Pete had a spicy curry for dinner. He

regretted it afterwards. Pete regretted…4 Hannah didn’t lock the door to her hotel

room when she went out. Hannah forgot…5 Joe visited a lot of very dangerous places

before he got married. Joe stopped…6 Judith got a visa before she went

travelling. She didn’t forget. Judith remembered…

Gerunds and infinitives

1 Match the underlined examples with the rules. I really 1love travelling. I’m interested 2in seeing new places. It isn’t 3easy to travel alone, but I prefer it. 4Meeting new people isn’t usually a problem. My favourite travel pastime is 5taking photos. I take photos 6to remind me of the places I’ve visited. I 7go hiking when I can and take lots of pictures of mountains.

We use the gerunda after a preposition.b as a noun.c after a verb of like or dislike.d after go.

We use the infinitive with toe after an adjective.f to express the reason for doing something.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.1 My sister is really excited about _____ (fly)

to the USA.2 She adores _____ (visit) new places. 3 She stays in cheap hotels _____ (save)

money. 4 She sends postcards home, but it’s difficult

_____ (read) her writing.5 She likes being near a beach so that she

can go _____ (surf).6 Her favourite evening activity is _____ (go)

to discos.7 Unfortunately, _____ (buy) presents is not

her strong point.

3 Write true and false sentences about you using the prompts.

good at hate to learn not easy go skating watching TV

stop, remember, forget, regret

1 Join the phrases to complete the sentences.1 I stopped to rest 2 I stopped playing badminton

a after my knee operation.b because I was very tired.

Is enjoy followed by an infinitive or a gerund? Turn to page 86.

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8

Checking understandingUse simple questions to check you understand what people are saying. You can ask other speakers to speak more slowly, repeat words, rephrase sentences and give explanations.

Speaking: Interaction – Holding a quiz

8

1 Work in pairs. Look at the map and name the highlighted countries. What do they have in common?

2 Match the sentences with countries on the map.1 The native people of this country are called

Aborigines.2 The actor Sean Connery was born here.3 People in this country celebrate Thanksgiving

Day on the fourth Thursday in November.4 Nobel prize-winning writer J. M. Coetzee

comes from this country.5 This country has a rugby team called the All

Blacks.

3 1.2 Listen to check your answers.

5 Listen to the quiz again. Which questions in exercise 4 do the speakers use?

6 Work in groups. Discuss these quiz questions.1 Which country is the largest English-speaking

island in the Caribbean?2 Who won an Oscar for playing Queen

Elizabeth II in The Queen?3 Where are barbecues commonly called

barbies?4 What kind of music is Nashville, Tennessee

famous for?5 Which is the largest city in the English-

speaking world?6 Who said, ‘To be, or not to be: that is the

question’?

4 Order the words to make questions.1 more could that slowly, you say please?2 please you could that, sorry, repeat?3 could rephrase sorry, you but I’m that?4 you do mean what?5 explain can that you?6 an you me example could give?

Over to you!

Can you hold a quiz?

Work in groups. Write ten questions about English-speaking culture to ask other groups. Hold a class culture quiz.

For help with quiz questions, turn to page 104.

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Unit 1 9

1Speaking: Production – Describing places

1 Look at the photos. Which of the places would you prefer to visit? Why?

2 1.3 Listen. Where did the speaker go on holiday?

3 Number the topics in the order the girl mentions them.• people• food• the place• shopping• the weather

4 Match the words and expressions with the topics in exercise 3. Listen again to check.

cloudy fantastic views friendly helpful limited not too crowded

not very varied perfect pretty good quiet snow-covered sunny surrounded by fields

traditional typical warm

5 Work in pairs and describe the other places.Student A: Turn to Pairwork A, page 82.Student B: Turn to Pairwork B, page 84.

Over to you!

Can you describe a place?

Choose a place you have visited. Describe it to another student. Compare the places in groups. Which place would be best for a class trip?

For help with describing places, turn to page 104.

Travel collocations

1 Look at the examples and choose the correct adjectives. I’ve just come back from Marrakech.The weather was great / delicious.The main square is very energetic / lively.

2 Why are the other adjectives incorrect?

3 Write the adjectives in the correct categories. More than one correct answer is possible.

beautiful changeable cold delicious handsome historic hot

humid kind modern nice outgoing rich spicy stormy tasty

trendy wonderful welcoming

4 List negative adjectives for each category.Example: People: ugly

5 Work in teams and play the collocations game.• Team A says a noun. Team B says an

adjective that collocates with the noun.• Team A says a second noun that

collocates with the adjective.• Team B says a second adjective that

collocates with the second noun.• The game continues in this way. Teams

get a point for each correct collocation and lose a point for each incorrect one.

Food People

beautiful

Places The weather

a c

b

How can you make adjectives stronger? Turn to page 87.

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10

Writing: An informal letter

1 Look at the photos. List four adjectives to describe each place.

2 Read Anna’s letter. Which city is she in?

3 Answer the questions.1 Why is Anna writing to Nigel?2 What is she enjoying about her life at the

moment?

3 What does she not like?4 How do we know Anna is Nigel’s friend?

Dear Nigel,

Thanks for your letter. It was 1nice to hear from you and to know that you are having a 2nice time in China! It sounds really 3nice. Lucky you!

As you know, I’m studying English in the United States at the moment. I’m staying with a very 4nice family here in Miami. They take me to lots of 5nice places. They have a son my age. He’s really 6nice and he’s into computer games – just like me. In fact, we look very similar: he is quite tall with red, wavy hair and 7nice green eyes!

Life here is very interesting, although it’s very different to home. I’m getting used to things now. At first, I used to miss my friends in Berlin, but I know a lot of 8nice people at school now and we have a lot of fun together. I still miss German food: the food here is 9nice, but it’s incredibly boring – lots of hamburgers! Miami is a really 10nice city, though it’s very hot; I miss good old German rain sometimes! Still, the beaches are 11nice and I’m even learning to surf!

OK, I’ve got to go now. Write soon and tell me about life in China.

Love,

Anna

a b c d

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Unit 1 11

1.1

Unit 1 11

1.1

Using adjectives in descriptionsUse a variety of adjectives to make a description interesting to read. Brainstorm appropriate adjectives to describe places, people, food and the weather before you start writing.

5.1

4 Choose the most appropriate adjective to replace nice in Anna’s letter.

1 a great b happy2 a good b cosmopolitan3 a glad b interesting4 a athletic b hospitable5 a exciting b handsome6 a friendly b positive7 a gorgeous b ugly8 a delicious b wonderful9 a tasty b revolting10 a lively b good-looking11 a excellent b international

5 Put Nigel’s letter in the correct order.6 Look at the adjectives in the box. What can

they describe?

attractive brilliant busy chaotic fabulous famous fascinating

fun lovely motivating sociable well-prepared

Example: ‘attractive’ is normally used to describe people

7 Use the adjectives in exercise 6 to complete Nigel’s letter.

8 Work in pairs. Do the adjectives describe food, people, places or the weather?

bland boring changeable cold difficult to understand distant dynamic

expensive historic multi-cultural polite reserved varied wet windy

9 You are in London. Write an informal letter to a friend describing your experiences. Use the adjectives in exercise 8.

Do you check your written work? Turn to page 87.

Over to you!

Can you write an informal letter?

You are living abroad studying English. Write a letter to a friend describing your experiences. Include descriptions of people, places and things.

For help with writing an informal letter, turn to page 105.

Dear Anna,

It was 11_____ to hear from you. Miami sounds 12_____! Sorry to hear that you’re missing Germany, but don’t worry, you’ll soon feel at home!

Studying at the language school is 7_____. The teachers are 8_____ and the other students come from all over the world. I met a 9_____ girl from Australia who lives near me. She’s also really 10_____ - I like her a lot!

OK, that’s it for now. Keep in touch, Love, Nigel

a

c

d

e

Shanghai is a 1_____ place. It is extremely 2_____ and 3_____ – there is so much traffic! Everything here is very different to home, but I have got used to life here quickly. I’m learning Chinese slowly and now I can have short conversations with local people. The food is 4_____. I went to a 5_____ restaurant last night – it was 6_____.

b

1

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