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Genuinenessoftheholyquran

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Ansariyan

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Contents

Contents5

Genuinenessoftheholyquran8

ALuminary8

GenuinenessoftheHolyQuraninItsTextandItsArrangement10

explaination10

EverlastingChallenge10

Matchless

in

Authenticity

and

Genuineness12

AttachementtotheHolyQuranbyItsBelievers13

TheHolyProphetCommandedtoFollowtheDivineOrderinItsRecitationandArrangement13

ArrangedandWritteninCompleteBookFormintheHolyProphetsLife14

NoAdditions , NoOmissions , NoAlterations16

VarietiesOfRecitationDoNotMeanAdditionOrAlteration16

TheSameVersionReceivedtheOfficialAssentofthe 3rdCaliph17

part 117

part 219

StagesofRevelationoftheQuran21

QuranMadeEasy23

CausesofDoubts26

explaination26

part 126

part 230

part 333

part 437

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part 541

Evidences45

part 145

part 249

Traditions53

explaination53

CausesofDoubtsabouttheVersionRecognisedBythe 3rdCaliph55

part 155

part 258

part 362

part 466

part 569

part 673

Conclusion76

Shia , AntiShia&UltraShiaViews77

ShiaViews77

AntiShiasViews79

UltraShiaViews81

part 181

part 284

part 387

part 490

SayingsfromAhlulBaitandLeadingShiaScholars94

ShaikhKulaini96

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ShaikhSadooq97

ShaikhMufeed97

OtherShiaScholars98

TheVariousRecitationsoftheHolyQuran100

ConfusedArguments103

explaination103

Verse 2 : 142 andChangeofQibla104

Verse 2 : 234 andtheRequisitePeriodofIddah105

Verse 5 : 3 andtheCompletionoftheMessage106

Verse 33 : 33 andtheWivesoftheProphet107

Verses 42 : 23 andtheNearRealatives109

StupidInterpretationofVerse 42 : 23110

TheOnlyPossibleInterpretationofVerse 42 : 23111

TheFirmnessoftheChallenger112

LastSermonofCaliphOmar114

AStudyoftheBook: FaslulKhitab117

ENDNOTE119

About

Ghaemiyeh

center

of

computerized

researches122

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Genuinenessoftheholyquran

ALuminary

TheIntroductiontotheQuranistheoutcomeofdeepresearchbythegreatscholar

Late Haji Mirza Mehdi Pooya (no honorific can elevate a name now so eminent) . The

intellectualzealand intuitive insightofthismostprofoundandconstructivethinkerhave

elucidated logically Genuineness of the Quran , the meaning of Revelation ,

ExistenceofGod ,InevitabilityofFaith inDivineOccultation = thebirth , presence

disappearanceandreappearanceofthe 12thImam - the lastImam fromtheAhlulBait ,

ProgenyoftheHolyProphet - allthesearticlesoffaithbeing , basedontheQuran . He

completed this work in spite of continuous illhealth . The work had been reviewed

thoroughly by the eminent Judge , Late Justice Shahabuddin , former Chief Justice of

Supreme Court of Pakistan . Justice Shahabuddin was among the close friends ofAqa

Pooyawho imbibedthescholarlyexpositionoftheQuranbyAqa . Thisgreatscholar left

thisworld on 17th July 1973 = 16 JamaadAthThaani 1393H , (may theAlmighty further

elevatehisstation) . Hewasborn in 1317H . Inavery learned familyofYazd , Iran . His

father Hojjatol IslamAqai Mirza Mohammed Hassan and Grandfather HojjatolIslam

AqaMirzaMohammedJafarofYazdwerecelebratedscholarsoftheirtime , theformer

beingabrilliantstudentoftheShiaDivineSyedKazimTabatabaiYazdy , whointurnwas

thestudentofthelatter .AqaPooyareceivedhiseducationinYazd (Iran) andNajaf(Iraq)

. By the age of seven , he was learned inEuclid and other intricate mathematical

problemsofPythagoras . HewasthemostintelligentstudentofMujtahidAqaiNaini . The

sublimityofcalibreofthisyoungScholarwasrecognisedbyhisMujtahidwhowasdeeply

interested inhiscareer . However , AqaPooyadidnotstay inIraqandIran . Beingverysensitive , hewassoeffectedbytheunhappyconditionsprevailing inIraqandIranthat

hemigratedtoMadrasinundividedIndia . HisMujtahidAqaiNainiwasveryunhappyover

the migration of such a brilliant scholar and were it possible he would have ordained

religiousdecreetostophismigration . Hesethimselftothetaskof learningtheEnglish

languagethereandkeptsteadilytoittillheattainedasoundknowledgeofthelanguage .

ScholarsandpeopleinPakistanfoundcommonindebtednesstoAqaPooyaforhishaving

chosentosettledowninKarachiandenlighteningthosearoundhimbyhisConversations

and fortnightly religious discourses where one could discuss ones doubts and be

satisfied by Pooyas learned self . Association with him has given birth to learned

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scholars and famous orators . Many have been blessed by his piety , tolerance and

benevolence . He was one of those scholars who never raised an eyebrow at the

unbelieverpesteringhimwithhisproblemswhichwereattimeschildish , attimesserious

. Hewasallearsandalwayssuccessful inputtingthequestionerateaseandatshowing

himwheretheflawlayinhisreasoning . Problemsofeverydaylifetothemostscholasticones , were solved by him through recitation of relevant verses from the Quran with

explanations . In the eyes of the living Divines of Najaf and Iran , he is an accepted

authority on the interpretation and exposition of Quranic verses from esoteric and

exotericpointsofview .AqaPooyaneverneglectedhisdutiestowardsIslamicinstitutions

alloverPakistan , manyofwhichowe theirexistence tohim . Hisexplanatorynotes in

TranslationoftheQuranbyMirAhmedAliandhisbookFundamentalsofIslam

areamongthemonumentalworksofthisepoch . Hisoutstandingworkswillalwaysserve

asguidelinesnotonlytothescholarsbutallthoseinterestedinknowingandgraspingthe

meaningof Islam , universal truth , regardlessof theircreed , nationalityandsect . His

personality attracted Hindus , Christians , Parsees , and ChristianMissionaries from

abroad , who were left spellbound and overwhelmed with admiration at his sound

reasoningandclearexpositionofIslamthroughQuran , aspresentedbytheHolyProphet

andhisAhlulBait . Though thegreat luminaryhasphysicallydisappeared from the localscene , heretainsaposition inthehorizonandgenerations tocomewillbeenlightened

withtheraysofhis learning . Iamdutybound , according tothewishof theLateAqa

Pooya to offer thanks to Messrs . Habeeb Esmail Benevolent Trust , whose constant

servicesintheachievementofreligiousidealneednointroductionandMr . MushtaqAliK.

Laddhaniwhocarriedouthisworkdevotedly . Ifeelitismysupremefortunetohavehad

closeassociationwiththisbenefactor , thelateAqawhotaughtmeIslamanddispelledall

doubts relating to religionwhichwere theproductof theparticularwesternphilosophic

thoughtandenvioustendenciesofthetime . Notonlymyhumbleselfbutmy late loving

daughterNajiba (Mrs . SyedFidaiShabir) M . A . , LecturerofEnglishLiteratureS . M .

B . FatimaJinnahGirlsCollegewhopassedveryrecently fromthisworld inheryoung

age , hadalso learnedandgrasped the instructionsof the lateAqawhichunfolded the

outerandinneraspectsoftheQuranandteachingsoftheHolyProphetandhisAhlulBait .

She had been cooperating with her humble and assiduous labour during Aqas

academic productions . She endeavoured to disseminate Aqas views through his

writingsonvariousoccasions , (mayAllahblesshersoul) . At theend , I requestall the

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readerstoobservetheirreligiousobligationandprayforLateAqaPooyaselevationof

station in thepermanentabode , forhisgreatservices to thecauseof Islam . Karachi .

1974 Syed Mohammed Murtaza Note The present treatise , Genuineness of the

Quran is a part ofIntroduction to the Quran . This is being published as an

independent treatiseasasubstitute to thearticleOriginalityandgenuinenessof theQuran in its text and arrangement which is a part of introductionof the Quran

. translatedbyMr . MirAhmedAli . Itwasreviewedandrewrittenforvariousreasons

Genuineness oftheHolyQuraninItsTextandItsArrangement

explaination

Verily , thosewhodisbelieveintheReminderwhenitcomethuntothem ,Andverily 41 : 41it (Quran) isaBookUnassailable . 41 : 42 Shallcomenotnighitfalsehoodfrombeforeitnor

frombehindit : arevelationfromtheAllWise , theMostPraisedOne .Anoverwhelming

majorityofscholarsofallschoolsofthought inIslamagreethattheHolyQuran , as it is

now , in our hands , was rendered in writing under the command and the personal

supervisionof theHolyProphethimself , and thatnoaddition , omissionoralteration ,

whatsoever , evertookplaceinit . ButafewtraditionalistsofSunniaswellasShiaschools

who were invariably influenced more by the letter of all sorts of traditions (whether

authenticorinauthentic) thanbyreasonandhistoricalfacts , haveheldadifferentviewto

theeffectthatsomeomissionsandalterationshadtakenplaceaftertheHolyProphet ,

andbefore theofficialassentwasgiven to thepresentversionbyCaliphUthman . The

advocates of this view never succeeded in establishing this theory by any reliable

evidenceandargument . Ourattempthereisto : 1. pointoutthecausesofthistheory; 2.

evaluatethetraditionsputforwardinsupportofthetheory; 3. assesstheinternalandthe

external evidence of historical value on this subject; 4. establish what the Muslims are

requiredtobelieveabouttheHolyQuranfromthereligiouspointofview . Beforedealing

withthesubjectindetailundertheaboveheadings , thefollowingpointshavenecessarily

. tobekeptinview

EverlastingChallenge

By Quran , we mean the rhythmic and recitative verses , phrases , sentences and the

chaptersutteredbytheHolyProphetofIslam , notashisownwording , butasverbatim



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Book of God , revealed to him , and which he proclaimed as his Everlasting Miracle

bearing testimony of his Prophethood and with which he challenged not only theArab

individuals of his time , who doubted the Divine origin of the Quran , but also the

individuals , ArabornonArab , whomaydoubt infuture itsorigin . Heevenchallenged

InsandJinsasawholeeversince itsutteranceuptotheResurrectionDaytojoinhandsandbringalikeofit , ortenchaptersofit , evenasinglechapterifpossible . 2 : 23 Ifye

be indoubtaboutwhatWehavesentdownuntoOurServant (Mohammed) Produceye

thenasurah (Chapter) likeunto it , andcallyeyourwitnessesotherthanGod , ifyebe

truthful . 2 : 24 But ifyedo (it) not , andnevershallyedo (it) thenguardye (yourselves)

against the (Hell) fire whose fuel shall be the people and stones , Prepared for the

disbelievers . 10 : 37 AndthisQuranisnotsuchastobeforgedby (anyone) besidesGod ,

but it is a confirmation of (the scriptures) that went before it and (the clearest)

explanationoftheBook, thereisnodoubtinit , (itis) fromtheLordoftheworlds 10 : 38 Or

do theysay : He (ApostleMohammed) hath forged it? "Say thou! Bringye thena

chapter likeunto itandcallon (toyouraid) whomsoeveryecan , besidesGod , ifyebe

truthful . " 10 : 39 Nay , theybeliedthatwhichtheycomprehendednotwiththeknowledge

ofitandtheexplanationof itcamenotuntothemeventhusdidbeliethosebeforethem

seethenwhatwastheendoftheunjustones . 11 : 13 Ordotheysay . "He (Ourapostle)hath forged it . "Say thou! Bringye then tensuras likeunto it forged , andcallye (to

youraid) whomsoeveryecanbesidesGod , ifyebetruthful . " 11 : 14 Theniftheyanswer

yenot , thenknowyethatthis (Quran) isrevealed (only) byGodsknowledge , andthat

thereisnogodbutHe! Willyethensubmit (andbeMuslimsnow? ) 17 : 88 Saythou"Even)

ifmenandthejinngetunited (withtheobject) thattheybringthelikeofthisQuran , they

wouldbringnotthelikeofit , eventhoughsomeofthemtotheothersbehelpers . "And

Variousotherverses . Thischallengehethrewtothepeoplenotonlyofaparticularage

butofalltimes . TheotherutterancesandsayingoftheHolyProphetarealsorevelations

from God but they are not included in the above definition as they are not part of the

Quraninrespectofwhichhechallengedtheworld . TheseareknownasSacredtraditions

= AhaadeetheQudsiyya which are so numerous and

abundantthatifcollectedtogethertheywouldnotbelessthanthesizeoftheHolyQuran

ifnotmore (videDivisionofRevelation - The introduction to theQuran . Their

popularityandauthenticity , innorespectoraspect , aremorethanthatofothergenuine

but solitary reports containing the sayings of the Holy Prophet . This definition also



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excludesthewords , phrasesorsentencesrevealedtotheHolyProphetasexplanatory

notes , inbetweencertainverses , butnot for recitation . of the revealednotesof this

type , somearesopeculiar that if theybe takenaspartof the textof theQuran , the

rhythmicandrecitativetoneoftheversewouldbedisturbed . Thusgrantingthetruthof

certain reports pointing out some words or phrases not found in the Quran asrevealed , inbetweensomeverses , theydonotnecessarilymeanthatthewordsor

phrasesinquestionwerepartofthetextforrecitation . Inotherwords , itistruethatthe

Quranasawholeorpartisrevealed , butitisnottruethatwhateverwasrevealedisthe

Quranorpartof it . Forexample , therearecertainreportsnarratedbysomeSunniand

Shianarratorsthatin 4 : 24 whereintemporarymarriageisdealtwith , itwassaidthat (x)

was found there in the collections ofAbdullah bnMasood . 4 : 24 Then as to those

whomyouprofitby , givethemtheirdowriesasappointed 44 : 24 Thenastothosewhom

youprofitbyFORFIXEDPERIOD , givethemtheirdowriesasappointed 8Thesaidphrase

wasundoubtedlyrevealed , notasapartofrecitativeQuranbutasanexplanatorynote;

this isthereasonwhy itwasnotfound inanyothercollectionexcept inthatofAbdullah

bnMasood . All the Muslim commentators agree that the passage deals with the

legislation relating to temporary marriage . According toAbdullah bnMasood , the

reason for recordingandreciting thisexplanatoryphrasewas thatthe rulerof thetimehad issued an ordinance prohibiting the temporary marriage and as a protest , bn

Masood used to mention this phrase , so that nobody could deny the legislation

regarding temporary marriage . Any report that suggests addition or omission or

alterationofsomewordsorphraseswhichisinconsistentwiththerhythmicandrecitative

toneofthetextshouldbeeitherrejectedorinterpretedasmeaningsomethingoutofthe

text . For example , Bukhari reports that one of the companions of the Prophet ,

AboDarda , usedtoconsiderthephraseWaMaKhalaqaasanadditionnotfound in

92 : 3 but the rhythmicalconsistencyof thepresentversionwith thisphrase is thebest

proofagainst the reportofAboDarda , whichmaybeanoutcomeofhis imaginationor

thatofsomesubsequentreporters . 92 : 3Andthecreatingofthemaleandthefemale 492

: 3 And themaleand the female 8Moreover it is theconsensusofopinionof theMuslim

scholarsthatnothinghasbeenaddedtothetext . Thisdefinitiongivenabove , needsto

. bekeptinviewthroughoutthediscussionabouttheHolyQuran

MatchlessinAuthenticityandGenuineness



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Of the religious recordsofhistoricalvaluewhetherpreIslamic[1] orpostIslamic , in

our hands , no document can ever compete with the Holy Quran in authenticity and

genuineness . Noneof thehistorical recordsand reportswhich theMuslimsclaim tobe

themostauthenticandgenuine , beitofanyschoolofthoughtviz . theSehaaheSitta

of Sunnis or the Kutb Arbaa of Shiascanclaimcontinuouspopularity in thesenseofbein

withinthereachofeveryMuslimfromhisearliestagetohisdeath inanydegreeaswas

theHolyQuran;andnotraditionwasconsideredso importantastomakeeveryMuslim

child learn , recite and memorise it word by word with the utmost grammatical

. correctnessandphoneticperfectionasinthecaseoftheHolyQuran

AttachementtotheHolyQuranbyItsBelievers

Theabovementioned importanceandcareattachedtotheHolyQuranbyeveryMuslim

was not a matter of any subsequent period The Muslims were attracted to the Holy

Quran , as the wordof God from the time of its revelation to theholyProphet andhis

recitationtothepeople . TheHolyQuranitselffromthetimeofitsrevelationencouraged

thepeople invariousways to learn , read , reciteandmemorise itand toponderover

everywordandmindfullylistenwhenbeingrecited . Whenonerecitesit , oneshouldfirst

get ready to do it by withdrawing ones self from everything which would cause the

leastdiversionofthoughtordistractionofattention . 7 : 204AndwhentheQuranisrecited

then ye listen to it and be attentive , that mercy be done unto you . 16 : 98 And when

. recitestthoutheQuran , seekthourefugewithGodfromSatantheaccursed

TheHolyProphetCommandedtoFollowtheDivineOrderinItsRecitationandArrangement

The importance of the Quran attached by its DivineAuthor and believers : the Holy

ProphetwascommandedbyGodnottobe inhaste intherecitationorthearrangement

oftheHolyQuranbuttofollowtheDivineorder inbothrespects . This indicatesthatthe

arrangementneednotbeaccordingtothedateoftherevelationwithwhichwewilldeal

later . Inshort , thestudentsoftheHolyQurancanrealisetheamountofimportanceand

care which has been attached to the Holy Text by its DivineAuthor , and as a natural

consequenceof itbytheMuslims , whorightlybelievethatGod istheAuthorofthe

HolyQuran . 76 : 16 (0 OurApostleMohammed!) Movenotthytonguewithit (theQuran)

inhaste! 76 : 17 VerilyonUs isthecollectionof itandtherecitalof it! 76 : 18 SowhenWe



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haverecitedit , thenfollowthoutherecital! 76 : 19 AgainitisonUstheexplainingofit! 20 :

114 Highaboveall isGod , theKing , the (SelfExistent) Truth ;Andhastennot (OOur

ApostleMohammed!) withtheQuranere itscompleteduntothee itsrevelation , Andsay

thou;"OmyLord! increaseme inknowledge"Thustheypaytheutmostdevotiontothe

HolyBookandcarryout theordersas requiredof them . Theyhavebeen learningandmakingtheirchildrenlearnitandtheywerekeentoputitintowriting . TheMuslimsinthe

lifetime of the Holy Prophet were taught and educated to learn the Holy Quran as

Ibaadat = Devotion , toreciteitasIbaadat , towriteitdownasIbaadat , to

teachothersandmakethemreadandlearnitbyheartandunderstanditasIbadat .

TheybecamesofamiliarwithitthattheyusedtheversesoftheHolyQuranintheirdaily

conversationtotheextentthatsomeofthemashistoryrecords , neverusuallyusedany

. word , phraseorsentenceintheirlifeotherthanthatoftheHolyQuran

ArrangedandWritteninCompleteBookFormintheHolyProphetsLife

TheHolyQurandeclaresthattheteachingoftheBookandtheactofwritingareamong

themainobjectsoftheadventoftheHolyProphetanditconsidersthepenasthemeans

ofeducatingmanevenwhenGod istheteacher . 68 : 1 (N) bythePenandbywhatthey

write , 96 : 4 (He) whotaught (towrite) withthePen , 96 : 5 (He) taughtmanwhatheknew

not! The Holy Quran commands people to write down in their business and other

transactionstheiragreementsandkeepwitnessestoavoiddoubtsanddisputeslateron .

Withallthesefactsestablishedabove , isitpossiblethattheAuthoroftheQuran (Allah) ,

who attaches so much importance to others writing down even the affairs of their

business , didnotcare forhavingHisownworkwrittendown towhichHEattachedso

much importance and which HE revealed as the Book containing the fundamental

principlesof truthandjustice , the finaland theuniversalDivineMessage , not forany

sectionofhumanityorforany limitedtimebutforthehumanraceasawholeandforall

time inallpartsoftheearth?Inverse 6 : 91 , theQuranblamestheJewsforhavingput

the book revealed to Moses in fragmentary form exhibiting some parts of it and

suppressingtheothers . 6 : 91 TheyesteemnotGodwiththeestimationduetoHimwhen

theysay : "NothingdidGodsenddownuntoman!"Say (0 OurApostleMohammed!) "Who

(then) diditsenddowntheBookwhichMosesbrought?alightandaguidancetomankind

,Yemake (transcribe) itintopapers (whereonyepublish (apart) andconcealyemuch (of

it)! andyeweretaughtwhatyeknewnot , neitheryounoryourfathers;Saythou! "God!"



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thenleavethemsportingintheirvaindiscourses . ItisunthinkablethatGodleftHisBook,

in the fragmentary and unarranged form when He blames the Jews for doing so in

respectofthebookofMoses .Ali (A . S . ) tellsus :Nay , Duringthegradualrevelationof

theQurannochapter , verse , sentence , phrase , word , letterwas revealedwhich the

HolyProphetdidnotrecitetomeandmademereciteandthendictatetome . Iwroteitinitsproperplaceasordered . Hedictatedtomenotonlythe textbutalso thenecessary

explanatorynotesaboutthedate , circumstancesandtheimplicationsofeveryverseand

chapter . Besides this , he (theHolyProphet) taughtmethousandkeynotestothe inner

meaningoftheQuran;eachkeynote leadingtoanotherthousandkeynotesandfurther

inner meanings and so on . Is it possible that when the Quran with its revealed

commentarywasdictatedtoAli (A . S . ) bytheHolyProphetandwaswrittenbyAli (A . S . )

inhisownhandwriting , thetextoftheQuran in itsrecitativemiraculousformwhichhad

tobeplacedwithinthereachofeverybodywas leftunwrittenorwritten infragmentary

form?Anyimpartialreasonableperson , beheaMuslimornonMuslimwouldcertainly

giveashisverdict , beyondanydoubt , thattheQuran , asdefinedabove , wasput into

writingandcollectedandarrangedunder thesupervisionof theHolyProphet (S . A . ) .

Theclaimofanyschoolofthoughtthatthetext inquestionwascollectedandarranged

by anyone after the demise of the Prophet is absolutely unfounded . The termMushaf= collectionusedthendidnotmeanthetextonly . Itmeanttext

with commentary or explanatory notes . That collection also had been made by the

recognizedteachers , monthsbeforethedemiseoftheHolyProphet (S .A . ) .Andasitwill

beseen later the recognized teachers refused tohandover theircollection to the then

ruling parties , and so the ruling parties decided to dispense with the then existing

collectionsandprepare theirown . It is recorded inbooksof traditionsandhistory that

the young Zaid bnThaabit was selected for the task . No record of historical value

showsthatAli (A . S . ) orotherrecognizedteachersoftheQurantookpart inthisofficial

collection; on the contrary each of them engaged himself independently in producing

copiesof theircollectionsofexplanatorynatureaccording to their tasteandability . [2]

NeitherthesocalledcollectionofAli , preparedafterthedemiseoftheHolyProphet , not

his formercollectionmadeduring the lifeof theHolyProphetwas seenbyanyperson

otherthanthechosenmembersoftheFamilyoftheHolyProphet =AhlulBait . Theofficial

collectionpreparedbyZaidbnThaabitundertheorderofthefirstCaliphalsoremained

unpublished during the reigns of the first and second Caliphs and the first of the third



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Caliphs rule . But during this period the text of the Quran left by the Holy Prophet

amongthepeoplealongwithAhlulBaitgotthepublicityandpopularitytosuchanextent

thatnobodycoulddaretotamperwiththetextbyomission , additionoralterationofthe

arrangement . All thatcouldbedonewasonly to tamperwith the interpretationof the

. existingtext

NoAdditions ,NoOmissions ,NoAlterations

TheauthenticityandthegenuinenessoftheversionoftheHolyQurannowinourhands ,

in thesense that it is in theverywordswhichwereutteredby theHolyProphet , isso

evidentthatnoMuslimscholarofanystandardhaseverdoubted itsgenuinenessorthe

factthateachandevery letter , wordorsentence , verseorchapterwasutteredbythe

HolyProphet , asthepartoftheQuran . Inotherwordstheversionwehaveinourhands ,

isundoubtedlytheQuranasrecitedbytheHolyProphet . TothequestionofTalha ,Is

allthisinourhandsQuran (revealedfromGod) ?Alisanswerwas :Allthatisinour

hands (withinthereachofthepeople) isQuran (revealedfromGod) and inthis (which is

available to all) is the proofof our right over the peopleand their duty to obey us .

Howeverthedisputeremainsaboutomissionsandalterationsinthearrangementandin

. someletteringandnotaboutanyadditionsatall

VarietiesOfRecitationDoNotMeanAdditionOrAlteration

Thisdisputedissueshouldnotbeconfusedwiththequestionofdifferentrecitationsi . e .

varieties of recitation do not mean addition or alteration . The alterations or the

alternativesgivenbysomecommentators regardingsome lettering , pronunciationand

some words of the Holy Book whichdo not effect any substantial change either in the

meaningorinthesignificanceofthephrasesorthesentenceswillbedealtwithunderthe

variety of the recitations of the same words; such as , Malike and Maalike

Inshort , inspiteofsomesolitarytraditions , theMuslimworldthroughoutthe

ageshasbeenunanimousthatnothinghasbeenaddedtotheHolyQuranwhichisnowin

ourhands . AllreligiousrecordsotherthantheHolyQuran , IslamicornonIslamicare

suspected of containing passages , paragraphs and even chapters which have been

added to the original work . Having in view this irrefutable authenticity and the

genuinenessoftheHolyQuran , theHolyProphetofIslamandhiscompanionsand the

scholarsofthesubsequentgenerationsareunanimousthattheHolyQuranistobetaken

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asthestandardandthecriterionfortheverificationofalltheotherreligiousrecords , be

these Islamic or nonIslamic . Any narration , attributing an utterance , action or

endorsementtotheHolyProphetortheHolyImamsofhisHouse , ifinconsistentwiththe

HolyQuranistobeconsideredasspuriousandunacceptable . Thiscriterionforaccepting

or rejectinganarrationor traditionhasbeendeclaredby theHolyProphet , Ali , HasanandHusainandthesucceedingnineImamsoftheHolyHouse[3] . ItmeansthattheQuran

as the standard and the criterion for the verification of falsehood or truth of other

religious statements , reports and narrations , existed within the reach of the public

. throughouttheperiod

TheSameVersionReceivedtheOfficialAssentofthe 3rdCaliph

part 1

There is no dispute or doubt that the Quran in our hands is the same version which

receivedtheofficialassentoftheThirdCaliph .Allthathasbeenormaybesaidaboutthe

omission , additionorsubstantialalterationallegedtohavetakenplace intheQuran , (in

the arrangement of the words and phrases in the verses and chapters or the

arrangementofthechapterstogether) relatestotheperiodbetweenthedemiseofthe

HolyProphetandtheofficialassentgiventothepresentversionbytheThirdCaliph . As

alreadypointedout , theHolyQuranwascurrentand inuseduringthe lifetimeofthe

HolyProphetamongtheMuslimsthroughoutthethenMuslimworld . Thebelievers , men

and women , and even the children were ardently desirous of learning and being in

possession of the Word and the Book of God by all means possible , by writing and

preparingacollectionof itor learning itbyheart . Besides the fact that theQuranwas

popular among the people in general , there were Ali bnAbiTaalib , Jafar

bnAbiTaalibandtheiradherents , afewchosenscholars , amongtheearlyMuslims

towhomtheHolyProphethadentrustedthedutyofrecordingthenandtheretheQuran

asitwasrevealed , andrecitedbyhim . TheywereAbdullahbnMasoodandMasab

bnOmairof theearliestMuslims inMeccaandObaibnKabamongst theAnsars =

earliestadherents inMadina , MaazbnJabal , SalimMawlaHuzaifaandothers like

KhabbabbnArth , whowasteachingUmarssisterandherhusbandontheoccasion

whenUmarcame tokill thembutgotoverpoweredby the fascinationof recitedverses

and was thus converted to Islam . Jafar bnAbiTaalib was the head of the early



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Muslimswhohad migrated toAbyssinia , and he wasa student of the Quran revealed

uptodate;andMasabbnOmairwassenttoMadinatoteachtheQurantothepeople

beforethemigrationoftheHolyProphettothatcity . TheyusedtorecordtheQuran in

writingunder thedirectcommandand thepersonalsupervisionof theHolyProphet , in

his very presence , immediately it was revealed , putting each part of it in its relevantplace as directed by the Holy Prophet . They recited their manuscripts to him (Holy

Prophet) onthespotandalsomanytimesafterwardsandobtainedhisapproval . These

scribes were considered to be in charge of teaching the Quran to others . They were

consideredasthescribesoftheHolyBookfromwhomtheMuslimsdirectlyor indirectly

learnedtheQuranduringthe lifetimeoftheHolyProphetandthereafter . Thesepeople

andthousandsofprominentcompanionswereinterestedinlearningtheHolyQuranand

itscommentary .AmongtheprominentscholarsoftheQuran ,AbdullahbnAbbaaswas

oneoftheeminentthoughhewasayoungcompanionoftheProphet . Hewasalsooneof

thedisciplesofAli . Eventheparty inpowerandtheirdignitarieshadto learntheQuran

fromAbdullah bnAbbaas (vide Bukhari : Chapter Stoning The PregnantAdulteress =

Rajme Hubla) The dignitaries of Quraish , during the later period of the second Caliph

werelearningtheQuranfromAbdullahbnAbbaas . OneofthemwasAbdurRahmaan

bnAuf whose political importance was evident from the fact that the second Caliphgavehim thecastingvote in thedeliberationsof thecommitteeappointed tonominate

the Third caliph . Most of these recognised scholars of the Quran lived throughout the

period interveningbetweenthedemiseoftheHolyProphetandtheofficialassentgiven

byCaliphOthmaan to thepresentversion . Thesepeople taught theQuran throughout

the lengthandbreadthofthefastexpandingMuslimEmpire . Peopleofvariousraces ,

creedsanddifferentshadesofopinionwhohadembracedIslamlearnedtheQuranfrom

those early Muslims by heart and had put it down in writing for their own use . The

popularityoftheQuranamongtheMuslimsisevidentfromthereportthatinthebattleof

Yamama , which took place only about six months after the demise of the Holy

Prophet , sevenhundredHuffaaz - thosewho learnedQuranbyheart - werekilled ina

single days fight . So in view of the widespread popularity of the Quran among the

Muslimseversinceitsrevelationandtheallouteffortsofthefaithfulmen , womenand

childrentoacquaintthemselveswith itsprecisewordings , noreportaboutanywording

of the Quran being different in quantity (i . e . , being more or less) or in quality (i . e .

pronunciation and arrangement) from the wording of the Quran in hand could have



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escapedthenoticeofallitsadmirersexceptasolitarypersonorafewmoreothersoutof

thousands . Iftherewereany letter , word , phrase , sentence , verseorchapterand its

ordinalpositiondifferentfromthoseoftheversioninhandtheywouldhavebeenknown

toavery largenumberofpeople ineverygeneration . Anyreportabout thewordingof

theQuran lackingthestrengthoftheevidenceofthereporters in largenumberscannotbetruejustas theeclipseofthesunatmidday in theclearskyofaparticular region

cannottakeplaceandbeknownonlytoaveryfewoutofthousandsofinhabitants . This

argument aiming at the negation of certain event on the basis of the absence of its

necessarypropertyorthenecessaryassociateoftheeventwillfrequentlybereferredto

inthecourseofourdiscussionabouttheQuran inhandasthestrongestevidenceof its

genuineness . TherearesolitaryreportsaboutcertainwordsofFaatehatualKitaabbeing

different from thewords in theversion inhande . g . insteadofWalazZaaleensome

reports say it was Ghair azZaaleen . Reports stating that this small chapter , the

recitation of which twice in each of the daily five times prayer is compulsory , was

differentinwordingfromthepresentversioncannotberelieduponatall . 1 : 7 Thepathof

thoseuponwhomThouhastbestowed favors . Not (thepath) ofthoseuponwhomThy

wrath isbroughtdown , norofthosewhogoastray 41 : 7 Siratamananamtaalaihim ,

ghairl Maghzoobe alaihim wa gahiriz Zaaleen 8Undoubtedly the Quran was existingduringthelifetimeoftheHolyProphetintheformofanarrangedBookasapprovedby

the Holy Prophet himself . From the saying of the Holy Prophet : Jibreel had placed

beforemetheQuranforreviewonceayearand inthe lastyearofministryhe (Jibreel)

. didsotwicewhichindicatedthatthetimeofmydeparturewascloseathand

part 2

It is quite evident that (a) both the DivineAuthor and the Holy Prophet were so very

carefulabouttheQuranthatnoalterationofanykindwhatsoevercouldhavebeenmade

in itbyanyoneand (b) thattheQuranreceived itscompletearrangementandordernot

laterthanabouttwomonthsbeforethedemiseoftheHolyProphet . It iswithreference

tothisrevealedBookwhichexisted inthecompleteformwithinthereachofthepeople

thattheHolyProphetaddressinghisfollowersdeclared :OPeople! Iamleavingamong

youTwopreciousthingstowhichifyeadhere , nevershallyegoastrayi . e . , theBookof

God and my AhlulBait

:



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ItwaswithreferencetothecompleteBookofGodinthe

handsofMuslimsCaliphUmardaredtosayHasbonaKitaaballah = Sufficientisforusthe

BookofGodatthedemiseoftheHolyProphetwhenhe

askedforpenandinktowritehiswillinwhichhewantedtoreiterateAlibeingHojjat - the

SupremeAuthorityafterhim - butwasrefused (videHadeethQirtaas) . Thisprovesbeyond all doubts that while the Holy Prophet was alive , a version of the Quran in its

complete and duly arranged form was in existence among the people and within the

reachofthecommonman , andsoalsoweretheAhlulBaitwhowerereferredtobythe

HolyProphetasoneofthetwogreatthingshewas leaving , theothergreatthingbeing

the Quran . Otherwise references to the Book of God in these declarations become

meaningless . DoubtingtheexistenceoftheQuraninacompleteandwellarrangedbook

form , within the reachof these , addressingwhom theHolyProphethadsaid , Iam

leavingamongyou . . . , islikedoubtingtheexistenceoftheDivinedeclarationinaclear

and unequivocal form about the person who should succeed the Holy Prophet as the

supreme authority in Islam , whose words should be final in any dispute and doubt

concerning theouteror inneraspectof Islam . Doubts relating to thegenuinenessand

supremeauthoritativestatusoftheQuranandthedeclaredsupremeauthoritativestatus

ofAhlulBaitunderminetheveryfoundationofthefaith . Suchdoubts implythattheHolyProphetwhoclaimedtobethe last intheorderofthemessengersofGodhas leftthese

two vital issues to be finalised and decided by the wishes of the new converts whose

susceptibilitytoreversiontotheoldpagancultandpracticeshasbeenreferredtobythe

QuranasawarningtotheProphet . 25 : 30 Andshallsay (out) theApostle (thatday) "My

Lord , verilymypeoplehaveheldthisQuranasavainforsakenthing! Inotherwords , to

doubtthegenuinenessoftheQuran isto insinuatethattheHolyProphetwhohadcome

tocompleteandfinalisetheDivinemissionthathadstartedwiththeadventofAdamso

thatafterhimtherewouldbenopleaandargumentforexcuseformenagainstGod , in

theircontroversies - 4 : 165 (Wesent) apostlesasgiversofgladtidingsandwarnersthat

theremaynotremainanyargumentforpeopleagainstGod , after (thecomingof) these

apostles , - neglectedthecompleteandfinalsettlementofthemostimportantissuesand

thuslaidthefoundationofallthelatercontroversiesinIslam . Suchneglectonthepartof

the Holy Prophet was not only improbable but also unthinkable , as his message is

universalandallcomprehensive . Asamatterof factsuchneglect isnot likelyeven in

thecaseofanaveragemanofwisdomwhostarts , anordinarymovementofpoliticalor



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socialvalue . Forthemeresakeofargument , somemaysay , thattheHolyProphetinhis

saying : I am leaving among you the two precious things , the Book of God and my

AhlulBaitreferredtowhatpeoplehadlearntbyheartandthefragmentsoftheleaves ,

woods , bones and papers , on which the Quran used to be written at the time of its

revelation . Such an interpretation of the words of the Holy Prophet which he utteredwhen declaring the final and supreme authority after him , is as stupid as the

interpretationthatthewordMawlausedbytheHolyProphet , atthedeclarationof

GhadeereKhum , meantfriend . Therewasnoneedofsuchadeclaration ifthe

intentionoftheHolyProphetwastorepeatAliasamerefriendatGhadeer . Similarlyitis

notpossiblethathereferredtoapileofunarrangedorscatteredfragmentsastheBook

of God without saying anything definite about the quality , quantity and the would be

arrangementofthebookandthemethodofgivingafinalshapetothosefragmentsasa

completebookandthosewhoweretoundertakethetask. Ifhe (theHolyProphet) bythe

word Book of God , meant the fragments in question , and not a proper book then he

wouldhavesaidaccordingtotheShiapointofview , thathehad lefttheBookofGod in

fragmentaryconditionwithAli , leaving it tohim togive itthe finalshapeasorderedby

God , and that people should receive the Quran fromAli only; or he would have said ,

accordingtoSunnipointofview , thathehadlefttheQuraninafragmentaryconditioninthe memory of the people and on the fragments of leaves , bones , hides , wood and

paperhereandtherewiththepeople , andthatitwasthedutyofthemaninpowerafter

himtoundertakeorentrusttoareliablepersonthetaskofdoingtheneedfulbygetting

allthescatteredfragmentsandputtingthemtogether inaparticularformofaBook . In

short , todoubttheexistenceoftheQuraninadefinitebookformwithinthereachofthe

peopleandtheexistenceofclearandunobscuredeclarationaboutalivingauthorityside

by side of the Quran as its interpreter and infallible exponent to be followed by all , is

nothingshortofdoubting , notonlytheProphethoodofthefounderofIslambutevenhis

. wisdom , whichtheworstofhisenemiescouldnotdeny

StagesofRevelationoftheQuran

TheQuranclaimsseveralstagesof itsexistence : 1. AprerevealedexistencewithGod

intheLawhMahfooz - ProtectedTablet - andinKitaabeMaknoon - HiddenBook. 56 :

77 Verily it isQuranhonourable , 56 : 78 Inabookthat isprotected 56 : 79 Toucheth itnot

save the purified ones . 2. A revealed form taught to the Holy Prophet when he was



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createdbygiftinghimthepowerofexpression . 55 : 1 (God) , TheBeneficent , 55 : 2 Taught

HetheQuran . 55 : 3 Hecreatedman , 55 : 4 HetaughthimExpression . 3. Awellarranged

(Chapterwise) formrevealedtotheheartofHolyProphet (Mohammed) initstotalityat

onetimeontheEsteemedNight inthemonthofRamazaan . 97 : 1 InthenameofAllah ,

theBeneficent , theMercifulVerily . Wesentit (theQuran) downintheNightofQadr! 97 : 2WhatcanmaketheeknowwhattheNightofQadris? 97 : 3 TheNightofQadris

better than a thousand month 97 : 4 TheAngels and the Spirit descend therein by the

permissionoftheirLord , with (decrees) ofallaffairs . 97 : 5 Peace is (thewholeNight) till

thebreakingofthedown! 44 : 2 BytheManifestingBook(Quran) . 44 : 3 VerilyWesent it

downonaBlessedNight 44 : - verilyWehaveeverbeenwarning - 44 : 4 Thereinaremade

distinctallwiseaffairs , 44 : 5 (Becoming) acommandfromuntoUs; 44 : Verily , Wearethe

senders (of mercy and peace) 44 : 6 A mercy from thy Lord; 44 : Verily , He is the

AllHearing , theAllKnowingThese threestagesshouldbe takenas referring to the

stages of God teaching the Holy Prophet and acquainting him with the Quran . 4. The

stage of gradual revelation of the Quran with which the Holy Prophet was already

wellacquainted; in thisstage the revelationof theQuranpartbypartwasmeant for

recitationtothepeople 17 : 106 AnditisQuranwhichWehaveapportioneditsothatthou

mayestreciteituntothepeoplewithdeliberation (bydegrees) , andWehavesentitdown, gradually in portions . It was in this stage of recitation that the first five verses of

Chapter . 46 knownasAlaqorIqrawererevealed . ThefirstchapteroftheQuran

named Faatehatual Kitaab (the opening Chapter of the Holy Book , the Quran) was

revealed for recitation later . In this stage of revelation the circumstances would

necessitatequotationand recitationof somechaptersorverses (fromchapters) not in

accordancewiththeorderofthepreviousarrangement . Aportionofonechapterwould

be recited earlier and the other portion would remain to be recited later on . In this

intervalfewotherchaptersorportionsofthesewererevealedforrecitation . 5. Thestage

ofpostgradualrevelationwhereintheQuranwastaughttobeplacedwithinthereach

of Jinns and Ins as an everlasting guidance and challenging miracle . Postgradual

revelationbeginsinthelastyearofHolyProphetsministry . TheHolyProphetsaidthat

Jibreel used to place the Quran before him every year but this year he placed twice

before him as it was Holy Prophets last year in this material world . It was

approximately threemonthsbefore theHolyProphets repeateddeclaration : Iam

leavingamongyou twoprecious things : thebookofGodandmyAhlulBait . Having



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thesestages inview , it isobviousthatthearrangementofthepostgradualrevelation

shouldbeinaccordancewiththeorderoftheQuranofpregradualrevelationandnotin

accordancewiththeorderofthedateof itsgradualrevelation , becausecircumstances

maynecessitateanearlierrecitationofaportionoraverseorachapterwhichmightbe

thenext intheorderoftheprerevealedarrangement . ThefactthatthearrangementoftheQuranofpostgradualrevelationshouldbe inaccordancewiththepergradual

revelation , discardingthedateofgradualrevelation , issupportedbytheQuran : 76 : 17

VerilyonUs isthecollectionof itandthe recitalof it! andbythenarrationsand reports

which indicate that the Holy Prophet used to order the Scribes to place the revealed

verses of different rhythmical pitch in the relevant particular chapters , and that the

Quran was revised by Jibreel twice in the last year of his (the Prophets) ministry .

Therefore , the place and the date of revelation have not the slightest bearing on the

order of arrangement of the Quran in postgradual revelation . What we find in the

beginningofeverychapterwrittenaboutthedateandplaceofrevelationsuchasMakki ,

MadaniandnumberofversesineachchapterarenotpartoftheQuran . Thesearewhat

people had marked out for their own reference . Thus it is not correct to consider the

presentplacingoftheMadaniChaptersbeforeMakkiandviceversaasasignofdisorder

. andlackofproperarrangement

QuranMadeEasy

Althoughthereisnoproblemofanytheologicalvalue , theoreticalorpractical , whichthe

Quranhasnotdealtwith , and itsurpassesallscripturalrecordsofpreorpostIslamic

ages in theabundantvarietyof itscontents , yet itsmethodofapproach , presentation

andsolution isexclusivelyunique in itself . Itneverdealswithany topic in thecommon

systematicwayusedbyanyauthoroftheologyorevenbyanyapostolicwriter . Onthe

contrary , itexpresslysaysthatithasadoptedaspecialmanifoldmethodofitsownwhich

may be termed asTasreefi i . e . display of varieties or changing the topics and

shifting from one subject to another or reverting to the previous one and repeating

deliberatelyandpurposefullyoneandthesamesubject inuniqueandpeculiarrhythmic

andrecitativeformstofacilitatetheunderstanding , learningandrememberingofit : 17 :

89 Andcertainlywehaveusedvariousarguments formen in theQuran , everykindof

description , butmostmenconsentnottoaughtbutdenying . 6 : 46Seethou , howwe

display (explaining) thesignsyettheyturnaside . 6 : 65Behold! howrepeatedlydoWe



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displaythesigns , thattheymayunderstand . 6 : 105 AndthusdoWedisplaythesignsand

thattheymaysay"ThouhastbeentaughtandthatWemaymakeitcleartopeoplewho

know . "Thedisplayofvarietieslinkedtogetherwitharhythmofpeculiarpitchistoshow

forth the signs of the Unity of God . From its above verses , it is evident that the Holy

Quranwasalreadyalivetothefactthatthischangingattitudewillmakesomeopponentsof it and accuse itsAuthor of getting its subject matter from here and there , so , the

Qurangivesthereasonforthis , astostirupthedepthofhumanintellecttoreflectonthe

unityinvarietyandharmonyindiversity . However , itisafactthattheHolyQurandeals

ineachchapterofparticularrhythmwithvarioustopics invariouswaysandthisvariety

adds only to its unique beauty and matchless eloquence . An attentive reciter or an

intelligentaudienceoftheHolyQuranwhilepassingthroughthesevarietiesofrhythmical

pitch , enjoystotheextentwhichtheHolyQuranitselfdeclares : 39 : 23 Godhaththebest

announcement , a book consistent in its various parts , at the recitation of which do

shuddertheskinsofthosewhofeartheirLord , thentheirskinsandtheirheartsbecome

plaint to the remembrance of God , this is Gods guidance . He guideth with it

whomsoeverHewilleth;and (as for) HimwhomGodalloweth toerr , thereshallbeno

guideforhim . " 39 : 27 AndcertainlywehavesetforthformeninthisQuransimilitudesof

every sort that they may mind . Even those who doubted the genuineness of thearrangementofthepresentversiondidnotcomplainthatthewholearrangementofthe

versesinallthechaptershadbeenaffected . Therearechapterswhichwereundoubtedly

revealed in complete form such as Chapters 54 , 55 , 56 and the chapters immediately

preceding and succeeding them and Chapter . 39 The sixth chapter which is a lengthy

chapter , according toAhlulBait , wasalso revealedatone time in itscompletepresent

form . One finds thesamevariationofsubjectmanifested in thosechaptersalso . This

varietyofexpressioninrhythmicalway , isfoundnotonlyinthechaptersbuteveninthe

versesoftheHolyBook . Thesefactsarecomprehensible byan intelligentandasincere

studentof theHolyQuranashegoeson reciting itoverandoveragain . Therefore to

consider (a) the mere absence of chronological arrangement of the verses in some

chaptersandthechapterstogether , or (b) themerevarianceoftopicsintheversesofa

chapter , or of topics of chapters , close to each other , as proving that the

disarrangementoftheQurantookplaceaftertheHolyProphetisnotright , unlessthere

besomeauthenticreportofhistoricalvalueoranyotherinternalorexternalevidenceto

bear testimony to thateffect regarding somespecificword , verseorchapter . On the



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otherhand , wehave internalevidenceofutmostcertitudethatcertainversesofsome

Chapters , forexample , ChapterAlaq (Iqra) containselevenversesofwhichthefirstfive

verses are first in chronological order but the last six verses were revealed long

afterwardswhenmanyotherpartsofotherchapterswere revealed forrecitation . The

lastsixwererevealedwhentheHolyProphetstartedsayingand leadingprayeropenly ,andmetwithopposition fromthe infidels in the thirdyearofhismission . Similarly , the

lastlengthyverse 73 : 20 , accordingtoitscontents , supportedbyauthenticreportsmust

have been revealed then , eleven years after the first nineteen short verses . The

revelation of the last portion belonged to the early revelations next to Iqra and

AlMuddathir . Werenot theordinalpositionof theverses inquestionDivineand in

completeaccordwiththeHolyProphetsdeclarationsandwerethepresentpositionof

these verses the result of any disarrangement , it would have been pointed out and

reportedbytheAhlulBaitandtheirfollowers , suchasAmmar ,AboZar , Meqdaadorsuch

otherboldandoutspokenmen , andalsobysomeothercompanionsoftheHolyProphet

whowereheldasauthoritiesontheQuran . TheImamsoftheoftheHolyHousepointed

out thatchapters 93 and 94 - AzZuhaandAlInshirah - thoughseparated fromeach

other by Bismillah , yet due to the close relevancy of the context should be

consideredasoneandrecitedtogetheriftheyarerecitedinthefirsttwoRakaatsof thedailycompulsoryprayers . And the same is thecasewithchapters 105 and 106 -

AlFeelandQuraish - theyshouldberecitedtogetherintheprayer . Thisdirectiveofthe

AhlulBaitaboutthesechaptersshowshowAhlulBaitwerekeentoseethattheQuranwas

recited in prayers in the proper order . If there was any disarrangement and

misplacement inanypartofanychaptertheywouldhavepointeditouttothepeopleso

thattheymightbecarefulintherecitationoftheQuraninprayer . IflastsixversesofIqra

andlastfortysixversesofAlMuddathirandthelast 20 versesofAlMuzzamilwerenot

intheirproperplaces , theHolyAhlulBaitwouldhavepointeditoutanddirectedpeopleto

place them properly . Absence of any direction fromAhlulBait regarding the verses in

questionisasufficientproofthattheirpresentarrangementisinorder , thoughthetime

oftheirrevelationswaslongaftertherevelationoftheotherportionsoftheirrespective

chapters . This is the best internal evidence which discards the chronological

arrangementofversesandchaptersasDivine . Besidesthese , alltheauthentictraditions

and reports to the effect that the Holy Prophet used to direct the scribes to insert the

versesrevealedintodifferentchapters , alreadyrevealedinparts , whetheratMakkaor



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MadinaprovebeyonddoubtthattheDivineortheoriginalarrangementoftheverses in

the chapters and the chapters together need not be in accordance with the date of

revelation . Hence any report pointing out that some companions have collected the

Quraninchronologicalordershouldbediscardedasspurious , orasindicatingthatsucha

collection was made as a commentary for their personal use and not for general. recitationbythepublic

CausesofDoubts

explaination

part 1

There isnodoubtthatthe irresistiblefascinatingforceandthechallengingpowerofthe

HolyQuranwerethemain , ifnotthesolemeansofconversioneversincethebeginning

oftheHolyProphetsmission . IrrefutablytheeffectoftherecitationoftheQuranmade

theopponentssparenoeffortstopreventtheHolyProphetandhisdisciplesfromreciting

the Holy Book before the public , particularly the youth , There is abundant historical

evidencevouchingthisfact . Besides , thispreventivemeasure , theopponentstriedalso

toovercometheirresistibleforceandthewonderfuleffectoftheHolyQuranbytryingto

disturb its recitation by introducing interjections . 41 : 26 And those whodisbelieve say;

"HearkenyenotthisQuran , makenoiseinit , happilyyemayovercome . "Hereisoneof

theinstancesofthiseffort : WhentheHolyProphet , whilerecitingChapter . 53AnNajm

, reached the 20thverse , oneof the infidelsamong theaudienceuttered thesewords :

Tilkal Gharaniqul Oola wa inna shafaatahonna laturja

which were his own to make them

appeartobethecontinuationoftheverserecitedbytheHolyProphetandtothusdisturb

thesequenceofthesucceedingverses . Theresultwasthatthe infidels immediatelyfell

intoprostration intokenoftheirapprovalandsatisfaction . Thisshowsthattherewasa

prearrangedplanamongthe infidelstodisturbtherecitationoftheQuranbytheHoly

Prophet , which incident was condemned by the Quran as an unsuccessful satanic

attempt that used to be made against all the preceding prophets when they delivered

Gods message to the people : 22 : 52 And We sent not before thee (O OurApostle

Mohammed) anyapostleorprophet , butwhenhe recited (themessage) theSatandid

casthisrecitation (tocreateerror);ButannullethGodthatwhichtheSatancasteth . then



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GoddothestablishHissigns;AndverilyGodisAllKnowing . AllWise . 22 : 53 Sothathe

maymakethatwhichcasteththeSatanatrialuntothoseinwhoseheartsisdiseaseand

thosewhoseheartsarehard;Andverily , theunjustare inaschism far (away fromthe

truth) , 22 : 54 And that may know those who have been given the knowledge that it

(Quran) isthetruthfromtheLord , sotheymaybelieveinitandmayhumbleuntoittheirhearts;Andverily , Godguideth thosewhobelieve , unto the rightpath; It is surprising

that somecritics (e . g . TheEncyc . of Islam) and some ignorantcommentatorsof the

HolyQuran , acceptingtherumoursspreadbytheinfidelsandthehypocritesofthelater

period , attribute thesatanicutteranceof the infidels to theHolyProphethimselfwhile

the internal evidence of Chapter . 53 The Star itself i . e . the verses preceding and

followingthe 20thverseprovebeyonddoubtthatsuchanutterancebytheholyProphet

was impossible . However , this hostile attitude towards the Holy Quran , though

unsuccessfulwascontinuedby theexternaland the internalenemiesand thecriticsof

Islam . Thehypocritesduring the lifetimeof theHolyProphetaswellasafterwardsdid

nothesitatetodiverttheattentionoftheMuslimsfromtheQuranorweakenitsinfluence

on the minds of the people by all possible means . The mischiefmongers received

supporttosomeextentfromthepoliticalambitionoftheQuraishtoregain , aftertheHoly

Prophet , supremacyovertheArabswhichtheyhadenjoyedbeforeIslam . AstheQurandidnot favour theirambition , theydidnotmind if it lost itsconstitutionalauthority . In

ordertohaveaclearerpictureofthecausesofthedoubtabouttheQuran inhand , we

have tooutlinebriefly : theapostolicstand takenby theHolyProphetconfirmedby the

Quranandhissayingsand the reactionof thepeople to itasconfirmedby theQuran ,

traditionandthefactsofhistory . Therevealedformofreligionstartedwiththeadventof

Adam and passed its course of development through continuous chain of Divine

vicegerency and the intermittent appearance of the subsequent prophets with new

revelations , reached itszenithofperfectionandassumed itshighestdevelopedformof

IslaminthemannerrevealedtothelastprophetofAllah , Mohammed , (peacebeonhim

and his family) as the Universal Religion approved by God for mankind throughout the

worldandages . TherevelationalperiodforthepreachingofIslaminitshighestandfinal

formtomankindcomprisedofthe 23 yearsoftheHolyProphetsministry . Duringthis

period , therevelationalaspectoftheReligionofAllah (Islam) wascompletedintheforms

of : therecitativemiraculousWordandBookofGod (theQuran) andthesayings , deeds

andendorsementoftheHolyProphet . BoththeQuranandthe lifeoftheHolyProphet ,



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astheQuran , asserts , oughttobetakenasthe inseparableandequallyrevealedparts

oftheconstitutionofIslam . Butforexplainingandexpoundingthe implicationsofthese

twoconstitutionalsourcesandtheirapplicationtothevariousaspectsofhuman lifeand

toseethatthenewconverts , withalltheirdivergenttendenciesandinterests , properly

understood anddigestedwhat Islam and itsconstitution really meant , the saidperiodwasnotsufficiently long . Inotherwords , forconsolidationoftheIslamicconstitution in

its detail and systematic form , as the basis for the development of Islamic thought ,

embracingallaspectsofhuman life , a longerperiodwasrequiredwhichmaybecalled

theconsolidatoryperiodofIslam . Asamatteroffact , historyshowsthat ittookalmost

threecenturiesforIslamicthoughttodevelopinallitsbranches , resultinginthecreation

ofvarious schoolsof theology , jurisprudence , andother literatureof social , political ,

ethical , historicalandphilosophicalaspects . Itisforthisconsolidatoryperiodwhichcame

immediatelyaftertherevelationalperiodthataDivinelyestablishedsupremeauthority ,

side by side with the Quran , as its infallible exponent , was necessary to guard Islam

againstitsbeingcorruptedbynonIslamicandprofaneelementscreepingintoit . Along

with so many intellectual developments and schools of thought in Islam , during this

period , it was necessary that a purely Islamic school of thought based only on the

revealed constitution and nothing else , should be developed under the guidance andleadership (Imaamat) ofthechosenpersonsofAhlulBaiti . e .AleIbrahimaftertheHoly

Prophet . This Divinely chosen form of Imaamat (leadership) should not be taken as

havingbeendesignedafteranymonarchicalpattern . Itwaspurelyapostolic innature

andfeatures . ThatwasthereasonwhytheirnumberwasDivinelyfixedandforetoldby

theHolyProphetandmanyotherprophetswhoprecededhimasTwelve , nomoreno

less . This Divine lead which began withAli , continued for almost 250 years till the

requisiteconstitutionalconsolidationwascompletedandtheTwelfthImam , though

alive , disappeared from the sight of man . This was to begin a new era of Ijtehad

(RationalisationofRevelation) togivecompleteopportunity to thebelievers toacquaint

themselveswith the revealedandDivinelydetailedconstitution;and then , withutmost

degreeofpietyand righteousness touse their reason tobring forth the implicationsof

theconstitutionandapplytheirfindingstotheeverchanging , increasingandexpanding

aspectsofhumanlife . Thiswastogivefullfreedomandeverychancetoeverybeliever ,

irrespective of colour , social and geographical distinction to develop his aptitude and

intellectualfacultiesonthebasisoftheIslamicconstitutiontowardstheachievementof



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theIslamicidealsandvalues . Duringthisperiod , everybeliever , (asdeclaredbytheHoly

Imams) , whoqualifieshimselfintheprescribedknowledgeandpiety , isentitledtoactas

thesupremeauthorityofhistime , undercertainconditionsmentionedindetailunderthe

topic Ijtehad and Taqleed (Vide Occultation) . This Era of Ijtehad

(RationalisationofRevelation) willcontinuewithall itsupsanddowns till the timewhenthe individualism , nationalism and all other partial and limitedism , tendencies and

interestsgivewaytothedevelopmentofthesenseofanddesireforviewingnotonlythe

humanraceasawholebutthewholeglobeorsaythewholesolarsystemasoneofthe

smallestpartsofthegreaterwholeoroneofthesmallestfamiliesofagreatersociety .

ThentimewillberipeforreappearanceofthelastlinkinthechainoftheDivinelychosen

guides , theTwelfth Imam , notasanexponentof theconstitutionand teacherof

Islam , butasfinalexecutorofallthatIslamstandsforestablishingUniversalJusticeon

earth .AswehavetermedIjtehadasRationalisationoftheRevelation , wehavetodefine

ittoavoidanypossiblemisunderstanding . ThetermIjtehadmeansarationalandlogical

approach and understanding of the denotations , connotations and implications of the

revealedtext , asdetailedanddirectedbytheAhlulBait . Thetermrationalisationshould

notbetakentomeanlicenceformodification , amendmentoranysortofalterationofthe

revealed text , or the details and directives given by the Imams . No reason andconsiderationofanykind inanyof thestagesandperiodsof thedevelopmentofIslam

caneverjustifyanyonetogoagainsttherevealedorconsolidatedconstitutionofIslam

unlesstherebeaprovisionapplicabletotheoccasion , intheconstitutionitself. Thisisthe

Ijtehad , asdefinedandrecommendedbyAhlulBait . Butaswillbepointedout lateron ,

therewere in thepast , asareatpresentandwillcontinuetobe in futureaspirants for

powerandindependentdecisionwhosedeedsandtalksbetraythattheirviewofIjtehad

isthatitislicenceforgoingagainsteventheexplicitinjunctionsoftheQuranontheplea

of some temporal or timely expediencies , advantages and analogical considerations .

NarrationofBukharimaybereferredtoonthequestionofTayamumintheplaceof

Ghusl (ritualbathing) whenwater isnotavailable . Accordingto it , CaliphUmarand

someothercompanionsadoptedaviewinthismatterinuttercontracttotheinjunctionof

the Quran and teachingsof the Holy Prophet . They disallowed Tayamum and allowed

one not to say his prayer , even for a month , till he got water , on the plea that if

Tayamumwasallowed , thenpeoplewouldmisuse this facilityevenwhenwater is

available and the weather is cold . If Quranic injunctions are to be ignored on such



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excuses , therewouldbenoconstitutionalvalueoftheQuran left . Toremindthereader

ofthe importanceofthe issueconcerned , wehavetogiveabriefoutlineofthevarious

periodsandstagesofIslamwhichisthesolereligionapprovedbyGod . Nowwegoback

totheparticularperiodweweredealingwith , theconsolidatoryperiodwhichhadtostart

. immediatelyafterthedemiseoftheHolyProphet

part 2

It was for this period of constitutional development that , the Quran as the most

comprehensive and compact constitution for all that Islam stands for political , social ,

economical , domestic , ethical , ritual . spiritualandphilosophicalaspectsofhumanlife -

and AhlulBait as the Divinely purified and the infallible inspired interpreters and

exponentsoftheDivineconstitutionformedthetwointegralandinseparablepartsofthe

supremeauthority , representingGodandtheHolyProphetrespectively . Thusthesetwo

issues become so well connected in fact and declaration that doubt in one would

necessarily lead todoubt in theother;anddenialofonewouldmean thedenialof the

other . Anymotiveforcreatingdoubtinoneandweakeningitsauthoritativestandwould

bethesame inrespectoftheother . Thatwas , astheauthorofSawaeqconfirms , the

reason why the Holy Prophet dealt with these two issues jointly in his sermon anddeclarationatGhadeereKhumandonseveralsubsequentoccasionsatMadinaalso .

ActuallyCaliphUmarscelebratedpronouncement : Sufficient isforustheBookofGod

was an open retort to the Holy Prophets repeated

declarationofthejointauthorityoftheQuranandAhlulBait . Thisisthebriefoutlineofthe

apostolicstand , asconfirmedby theexplicitwordingsof theQuranandsayingsof the

Holy Prophet . But as the Quran , sayings of the Holy Prophet and the facts of history

show , the reaction of the majority of the new converts surrounding the Holy Prophet

particularlyofthenonHashmitebranchesoftheQuraishitetribe , wasquitedifferent .

Thepaganic tendency forbureaucratic rule , (ruleof theeldersand thechieftains) was

stillactiveintheheartsoftheQuraishwhoseclaimofsupremacyandauthorityoverthe

Arabshadjustrecentlybeencrushedbyslamandbydeclarationsas : 49 : 13 Surely the

mosthonorableofyouwithAllah is theoneamongyoumostcareful (ofhisduty) They

were far from yielding to the absolute authority of the Quran andAhlulBait , which to

themmeantnothingbutanepoticurgeonthepartoftheHolyProphettocontributeto

the supremacy of the House of Haashim . TheAnnals of Tabarsi has recorded a



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reportofaconversationbetweenCaliphUmarandbnAbbaasduring the reignof the

former wherein the apathetic or rather unfavourable attitude of the Quraish towards

AhlulBaits stand as Divinely chosen people is fully displayed and exposed . The

summaryoftheconversationisasfollows : CaliphUmarsaid :TheQuraish , dislikedthe

Prophethoodand thevicegerency tobecombined in theHouseofHaashimas thiswouldincreasetheir (Haashimites) vanity . Sothey (theQuraish) choseforthemselves ,

andtheirchoicewasthebest .TothisbnAbbaasrepliedregardingthedislikeofthe

Quraish ,They (theQuraish) dislikedallthatwasrevealedfromGod , soGodputthem

inloss , butregardingtheremarkagainsttheHouseofHaashimandoftheirvanity

beingincreased , itmeantaccusingthepeoplewhomGodhaspurified (verse 33 : 33);

andregardingtheQuraishschoice - iftheywouldhavechosentheonewhomGodhad

chosen , itwouldhavebeenmuchbetterforthem . Thisanecdotethrowsample lighton

the reaction of the Quraish towards the Divine choice and the inner motive which was

working behind the confusing and conflicting events developed round the issue of the

supremeauthorityinIslamaftertheHolyProphetandonthecausesoftheCivilwarsand

other internaleventsofpoliticalvalue , fromGhadeer , KarbalaandfromKarbalatothe

disappearance of theTwelfth Imam of the House and the subsequent sectarian

disputes , quarrels and bloodshed until now . Instead of absolute submission to thedictatesof theDivinelyestablishedauthorityanda theocratic formof rule representing

GodandtheHolyProphet , thenewconvertsaspiredforhavingashareintheaffairsfor

authorityandcommand . 3 : 154 Thenafter sorrowHesentdown securityuponyou , a

calmcominguponapartyofyouAnd (therewas) anotherpartywhom theirownsouls

hadrenderedanxious;theyentertainedaboutAllahthoughtsof ignorancequiteunjustly

Saying : Wehavenohand intheaffair . Say : Surelytheaffair iswholly (inthehands) of

Allah , Theyconcealwithintheirsoulswhattheywouldnotrevealtoyou , Theysay : Had

weanyhandintheaffair , wewouldnothavebeenslainhereSay : Hadyouremainedin

yourhouses , thoseforwhomslaughterwasordainedwouldcertainlyhavegoneforthto

the places where they would be slain , And thatAllah might purge what was in your

breastsandthatHemightpurgewhatwasinyourhearts ,AndAllahknowswhatisinthe

breasts . Theywerewaiting foranopportunity to regain theauthoritativestatuswhich

theyasanaristocraticclassusedtoenjoybeforeIslam . Theywantedtohavetheirown

sayintheaffairsofgovernmentwhichaccordingtothemwasonlytobelabelledasIslam

andDivine . Insteadofentiresubmissionanddevotion tothecauseofIslamwhichwas



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demandedfromthem , heywantedIslamtoservetheircauseandends . Theyviewedthe

Divine established authority of the Quran andAhlulBait as an obstacle in their way of

having a rule of their own choice but labelled as Islamic . Hence they attempted to

removethatobstacleasmuchaspossiblebysuchmeansas : 1. ignoring , minimisingand

counteracting that authoritative importance attached to theQuran andAhlulBait , [4] 2.creating confusion and doubt regarding the genuineness of the Quran in hand and its

authenticity , 3. creating doubts and confusion about the authenticity of the Holy

ProphetssayingsanddeclarationsaboutAliandtherestoftheAhlulBait , 4. interpreting

the Quran and such sayings of the Prophet , the authenticity of which could not be

doubted , in a way which loses their force and significance and 5. counteracting such

sayingsoftheHolyProphetasmentionedabovebyfabricatingreportswhichdirectlyor

indirectlynegatetheDivineappointmentofAliasthesupremeauthorityinseparablefrom

the Quran . Notwithstanding the innumerable authentic reports of the Prophets

pronouncement aboutAlis infallible status . [5] Bukhari repeatedly narrates a report

thatonceAbbaas (theuncleofAli) toldAli :LetusasktheProphetwhetherwehaveany

shareorrightinthematterofauthorityornot?towhichAlisaid ,no , becauseifthey

wouldaskhimandhewouldsayno , thennobodywouldgivethemthechanceofcoming

topowerafterwards . Thewhole ideabehindthischildishconcoction istocounteractthereportsofAlisnominationforKhilaafatbytheHolyProphet . Similarlytominimise

theimportanceofAlisSaheefa - abookdictatedbytheHolyProphetandwrittenbyAli ,

BukharireportsthatonceAliwasaskedwhetheritwassomethingotherthantheQuran ,

towhichAlirepliedthatitwasaboutthefineforbruises . Theactualreplywasthat :It

containedeverythingeventhefineforthebruises . Anotherinstanceofsuchconfusing

reportsisthatwhichsaythataftertheHolyProphet ,Alididnotwearamantleanddidnot

come out of his house till he had collected the Quran as he was ordered by the Holy

Prophetand thenhepresentedhiscollections to theauthoritieswhodidnotaccept it .

Thisnarration isamisrepresentationofsomethingwhichwastrue inpart . It istruethat

therewerefragmentsofwoods . bones , leavespaper , hides , etc . onwhicharoughcopy

oftheQuranwaswrittenandtheywere inthecustodyoftheHolyProphet , whoonthe

eveofhisdemiseaskedAlitotakecareofthemsothattheymightnotfallintothehands

of thepeoplewhowouldmisuse it . Itmayalsobe true thatAlibrought to themosque

onceduringthereignofCaliphAboBakarorCaliphaUmaracompletecopyoftheQuran

with fullcommentaryasdictatedby theProphetandwrittenbyhim , telling thepeople



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that it was what he had been ordered by the Holy Prophet to prepare and present to

them , buttherulingauthoritydeclined forobviousreasonstotake itaswaspresented

byhim . TheversionthataftertheHolyProphet ,Alibusiedhimselfwiththecollectionof

the Quran from those said fragments and for that reason , he did not come out of his

houseandtakepart inthepoliticsof thetime isaclearmisrepresentationofthe facts .ThereissufficientproofthatAliscollectionwithcommentarywaspreparedbyhimand

reviewed by the Holy Prophet long before his demise . The idea behind this

misrepresentationistwofold : oneistoprovideanexcuseforAlisnonparticipationin

the Quraishite choice of a ruler by stating that he was busy with the collection of the

Quran and , therefore , he had no time for other activities; the other , is tojustify the

attemptmadebyotherstocollecttheQuran ignoringthecollection leftamongthemby

theHolyProphet , whichissimilartotheir (rulingpartys) attempttohavearuleroftheir

own choice , ignoring the Quran and the Prophets saying which had asserted the

authoritativestatusofAliandtherestofAhlulBait . Thisisabriefaccountoftheapostolic

stand about this vital and main political issue on the one hand and the unfavourable

reactionofsomemagnatesamongthenewconvertsofthetribeofQuraishontheother ,

in their attempt to undo what was already established . Now to avoid any possible

misunderstanding , it is necessary to clear the following points before coming to theconclusion of the theme . (a) if the unfavourable attitude shown towards certain

established issues of the religion does not amount to its total rejection , it cannot be

alwaystermedasopenreversiontothe infidelity , particularly ifthe issue inquestionbe

of political importance and of wielding power . Very few outstanding men have the

willpowertoresistsuchtemptationandmoreparticularlyinthecaseofthepeoplewho

have been living an absolutely licentious life with no check of any kind on them . They

were asked to submit entirely to the high idealsof Islam forwhich theyhadvery little

senseofappreciation . All that theycouldunderstandandappreciatewas that thenew

movementinthenameofAllahandIslamhadpromisedtosecureforthemconquestand

swayoverthenationshere , andthepleasuresofparadisehereafter , astherewardfor

. theirendeavortoconquertheworldinthenameofAllah

part 3

Thewellcherished report that theHolyProphet said : Godmighthave lookedat the

peoplewho tookpart in the battle of Badr and saiddowhatever ye like , certainly I



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haveforgivenyou iscontrarytothetenetsoftheQuranandwasmadeto impresson

thepeopletheredeemingpowerofconquestandvictoryasthemainobjectofreligion .

Therefore , tothem , themainandfundamental issue inIslamwasconquestandpower

and the other issues and tenets of Islam were of secondary importance and

nonessential , subject to change and modification by whoever came into power andbecame at the helm of affairs as Commander of the faithful = OlilAmr

no matter whatever may be the means of his coming into power . This

tendency more or less had continued to prevail among the majority of the Muslims ,

always fostered by the ambitious despots of the time . Therefore , in outlining the

Quraishites attitude , we never meant to accuse anybody of heresy or reversion to

infidelity . (b) Whateverwehavesaidormaysayabouttheattitudeoftherulingparty ,

afterthedemiseoftheHolyProphettowardstheQuranandAhlulBaitisbasedoncertain

reportsrecordedbypeoplewhobelongedtothatparty . Thesereportsmaynotbetrue .

Theymaybepartly , aswebelieve , orwhollyfabricationsofthelaterperiod . Therefore

ourremarksandcriticismconcerningcertaincompanionsshouldbereadwiththeproviso

:ifthereportsaretrueandnotconcoctionsofthelaterperiod , for , asshallbeseen

presently some of the reports are so contradictory and base that one cannot imagine

themtobetrue . (c) ThetemporalsuccessoftheQuraishiteplanstopushAliback fromthepositionDivinelyassignedtohimandtocounteracttheattemptofAnsarstooccupy

thewouldbevacatedplaceofHaashimiteinthefrontrowofpoliticsinIslam , resulted

in the gradual but quick change of loyalty of the people to the new centre of political

gravitation . The political importance of the House of the Holy Prophet was bound to

declinewiththelossofpower , neverthelesssuchdeclinewashastened , thestepstaken

bythenewauthorityagainstthehouse , whichweresevereandharshbutwerejustified

in thepoliticalcodeof the thengovernment . Toconsolidate theirgains , theschemers

andpromotersofthisformofGovernmentfeltjustifiedtouseanymeanstoanyextentto

allow the riseof thosewhowouldhavebeennowhere if theapostolicdeclarationshad

come into force . IfAli with all his certified excellence and Divine credentials in hand ,

which mean nothing short of his being next to the Holy Prophet in perfection , had

assumedpower , hewouldnothavebeeninneedoftheadviceofanyoneinanyaspectof

thegovernmentandoftheconstitutionofIslam . Hewouldhavebeenthesoleauthority

to dictate and to be obeyed and followed , But in the prevailing regime , all that was

important to those whowere at the helm ofaffairs , wasonly powerwhich they were



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holdingfirmly . Theyhadlittletodealwiththeotheraspectsoftheconstitutionconcerning

thedevotional rites , personal laws , transactions , administrationandother theoretical

and practical articles of faith . Therefore , they were heedless and rather took care to

pleaseprominentpersonsotherthanAhlulBaitbygivingthemthechanceofadvisingthe

publicaswellas thegovernmenton thoseproblems . Theywere thepeoplewhowerefromtimeimmemorialaccustomednottosubmittotheauthorityofOneGod . Theywere

usedtothepolytheisticwayofhavinginnumerablegods . Theywerethepeoplewhohad

very recentlyexpressed theirsurpriseat theeffortsof theHolyProphet tomake them

worshiponlyOneGodinsteadtomany . What! makeththegodstobebutoneGod; 38 : 5

Verilythis isathing indeedstrange!" 38 : 5 Insteadofsubmitting totheauthorityofone

Divinely selected person , they were more familiar with the new regime which would

allow them to some extent to share the authority and have some say in framing the

detailsof theconstitution . Thus theparty inpowerbegan toevolveanew idea to the

effectthatanyonewhohasembracedIslamorhadseentheProphetorheardsomething

fromhimandnarrateditbecame : Sahaabi = CompanionoftheHolyProphet

even the Muslim children of sensible age below maturity , were considered as

Sahaabi . ThennotonlytheSahaabis'narrationsoftheProphet'ssayingwastaken

into account by the authorities but even to such Sahaabis' personal views , someconstitutionalvaluewasgiven . Thedoorwas thus thrownopen toeveryman , woman

andchildtoposeasSahaabiandtakepartasajuristcarryingreportsorviewsinframing

theconstitution . Thewholepositionwaschanged . Those intherearrankscametothe

forefrontandthosewhowereinthefirstrankwerepushedtothefarthestrear . Thiswas

theremarkmadebytheLadyofParadise , FatimathedaughteroftheHolyProphet , at

MasjideNabawi on the sudden political turn which affected her more than anyone

else . Inthelightofthissituation , oneshouldexaminemanyinternaldevelopmentsofthe

firsthalfcenturyaftertheHolyProphet . Oneoftheconsequencesofthechangeandits

development was that instead ofAli or the other members of the House and the few

companionswhodidnotchange their loyalty , peoplemostlyofdifferentcalibreandof

variousmoraland intellectualstandardsgotequal footing in forming themselvesasthe

first linkofreportersandnarratorsbetweentheHolyProphetandthenextgeneration .

Contrarytowhat isgenerallybelieved . thesepeople inallwerenotrighteous , honest ,

learned . capableandsinceretothecauseofIslam . AstheQurandepicts , themultitude

oftheconvertswhohadthehonourofthepresenceoftheProphet , includedallsortsof



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people even a large number of hypocrites , other thanAbdullah bnUbai who died

before theHolyProphet , andweremostlyunknown , butaspirants topowerafter the

HolyProphet (47 : 16 , 2023 , 2932) . 47 : 16 Andofthemarethosewhoseekto listento

theeuntilwhen theygo forth from theesay theyunto thosewhohavebeengiven the

knowledge;"Whatwas itthathesaidjustnow?"ThesearetheyonwhoseheartshathGod seta seal , and follow they theirvaindesires . 47 : 20 And say those whobelieve :

Whyhathnotbeensentachapter (forus , ) "Butwhenissentdownadecisivechapter ,

andmentioned therein iswar , seest thou those inwhosehearts isadisease lookunto

thee with a look of one on whom has fallen the shadow of death; woe unto them! far

betterwillcertainlybeforthem , 47 : 21 Obedienceandafairword;butwhentheaffairis

determined , theniftheybetruetoGod , itwouldcertainlybebetterofthem . 47 : 22 Then

belikeyeare , ifyeholdauthority , thatyemakemischief , intheearthandsevertheties

ofkinship! 47 : 23 ThosearetheywhomhathcursedGod , andsohathhemadethemdeaf

andblindedtheireyes . 47 : 29 Ordeemthoseinwhosehearts isadiseasethatneverwill

Godbringforththeirspite? 47 : 31Andcertainlywillwetryyouuntilwenaveknownthose

whostrive (fight) amongyouandthepatientones , andmakeyouraffairsknown . 47 : 32

Verily , thosewhodisbelieveandhinder (others) fromthepathofGod , andopposethe

Apostleafterthattheguidancebeenmademanifestuntothem , canneverharmGod inanyway;andHewillmakenulltheirdeeds . IntheQuran , someofthemwereseverely

censuredandwarnedfordisloyaltytoordisrespectfortheHolyProphet , (Chapters . 33 ,

49&66 : Ahzab , AlHujoratandatTahreem) . 66 : 5 Maybe , hisLord , ifhedivorceyou ,

willgivehiminyourplacewivesbetterthanyou , submissive , faithful , obedient , penitent

, adorers , fasters , widowsandvirginsAboutsomeofthem , theHolyProphethadsaid

that they would be dragged to hell for their misdeeds after him . Each one of these

companions had a large number of followers of various categories who formed the

second link of reporters and narrators for the generation next to them; and so on the

number and varieties multiplied till the celebrated and voluminous books of traditions

werecompiledinthethirdandfourthcenturies . Butthisdidnotstopthetraditionalistsof

thenextgeneration fromcollectingand recording the reportswhich theirpredecessors

missedordiscarded forsome reasonor theother . Asa resultof themultiplicityof the

various chains of various reporters and narrators , a huge number of contradictory ,

absurdandmisleadingstatementsand reportsaboutthe teachingsoftheHolyProphet

and the developments of events , during his time and the time after him , formed



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themselvesasdataforhistoryofthedevelopmentofIslamicthoughtand literature . (d)

ThispoliticalturnmadepeopletopracticallydenyAhlulBait , theirDivinelygiftedstatusviz

. being always with the Quran and the Quran always being with them , and that

whoeveradherestothemwillnevererrorgoastray .Thisstatuswhichwasconfirmed

bytheQuranandtheundeniablesayingsoftheHolyProphethasremaineduntilnowasanirrefutablefact . Attemptshavebeenmadetoreducethesignificanceofstatements ,

be it of the Quran or the sayings of the Holy Prophet , which means merely that one

should have regards and respect for the Holy Prophets kin and relatives only to an

extent . A few of the companions who belonged to proQuraishite regime , were not

willing togiveeventhatmuchofregards toAli , Fatima , Hasan , andHusainwhomthe

HolyProphetonseveraloccasionsspecifiedasAhlulBait , excludinghiswivesandother

relatives . Zaid bnArqam was one of those proQuraishite who lived to attend the

courtofbnZyaadatKoofa , where (thelatterinsultedtheheadofImamHusainwithan

airof triumph in thepresenceof the ladiesandchildrenof theHouseofHolyProphet ,

whohadbeenbroughtascaptivesafter the tragedyofKarbala . OnceAliwantedZaid

alongwithmanyothercompanionsoftheHolyProphettogiveevidenceasawitnessof

theeventatGhadeer , butZaiddeclinedsayingthathehadforgottenandAlisuspected

himoflying . However , inspiteofhispretendedforgetfulness , heoncerelatedthefactsof GhadeereKhum and the Holy Prophets sermon , omitting the portion of the

sermon dealing with the declaration that , Whomsoever I am MawlaAli shall be his

Mawla (Master) , andnarrated , thoughinadistortedmanner , theportiondealingwith

thedeclarationthat ,Iamleavingamongyoutwopreciousthings : theBookofGodand

. myAhlulBait

part 4

ButthenandthereheattemptedtotamperwiththeapplicationofthetermAhlulBaitso

thatitmayloseitssignificance . Inanswertoaquestionabouttheapplicationofthesaid

term , heexcludedthewivesoftheHolyProphetfromit , butextendeditsowidelyasto

includealltheHaashimitesdescents , Abbasids , Jafferiads , AlawaidsandAqueeliads

(VideMuslim , chapteronAhlulBait) . Anyway , thepolitical turnbroughtAhlulBait to the

commonlevelofthecompanionsortherespectablekinandrelativesoftheHolyProphet .

On the issues of jurisprudence and administrative consultation , the authorities

patronisedtoagreaterdegreeothercompanionsandrelativesoftheHolyProphet . They



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, asamatterofpoliticalstrategy , backedandsupportedthepeopleofnoorlittlereligious

background . If history records occasions where Alis advice was accepted by the

authoritieswithapplause , thoseweretheoccasionswheretheyhadnootheralternative

but to accept the same . OtherwiseAli was seldom referred to by the authorities and

henceveryfewpeoplewhodidnotcareforpowerwere invitedforconsultation . This isthe reason why inspite of the Holy Prophets saying that while he is the city of

Knowledge , Ali is the door to it , Ali and his successors were rarely referred to in the

booksof traditions likeBukhariandMuslim . Ifhereandthere , Aliandhisdescendants

arequotedasreportersofcertaintraditionsinthosebooks , thepurposeispartlytoavoid

beingaccusedoftotalneglectofAhlulBaitandmostlytofoistonthemsuchreportswhich

would indicate thenegationof , orcounteract thenumerousgenuine reportswhichare

testimoniesofthedistinctapostolicstatusofAliandAhlulBait (videBukhariandKaafi) On

the contrary , Bukharihascredited persons like Shaubi , [6] the tutor of the childrenof

Umayyedsroyalhousetodiscreditthegenuinenessofmostofthenumerousreportsor

statements ascribed toAli . ThusAli was discredited though he was the foremost of

AhlulBait , nextonly to theHolyProphetandwhom theHolyProphet described as one

identifiedwithhimselfonalloccasionsandwaswithhim (theHolyProphet) eversincehis

(Alis) birth , bothbefore theHolyProphetwascommissionedbyGod topreach , andafteruntilhisdemise , whenAliattended

2550 en isalat quran

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