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New Interaction Techniques

Target Selection Target Selection Under Time Pressure Under Time Pressure

ConditionsConditions

New Interaction Techniques

Department of Computer and Information SciencesUniversity of Tampere, Finland

Zhang WeiweiE-mail: weiwei.zhang@uta.fi

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Introduction to the ProblemIntroduction to the Problem

Under the time conditions, how users make Under the time conditions, how users make their decisiontheir decision

User performance in objective timeUser performance in objective time Dynamic tracking without any static stateDynamic tracking without any static state To find useful (temporal) parameters To find useful (temporal) parameters

facilitating human computer interaction for facilitating human computer interaction for people with special needs people with special needs

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BackgroundBackground Research data with operators working in extremely Research data with operators working in extremely

conditions. Such as conditions. Such as open space, deep-water researchopen space, deep-water research General, conventional mouse or joystick can be used General, conventional mouse or joystick can be used

to control direction and tracking targets.to control direction and tracking targets. Temporal parameters during HCI (lead or lag cues) Temporal parameters during HCI (lead or lag cues)

cause negative emotions, cause negative emotions, e.g., annoyance and angere.g., annoyance and anger, , lead to stress and increase mental workload user. lead to stress and increase mental workload user.

The challenge to usability The challenge to usability exploration of temporal exploration of temporal model in user behavior dynamics.model in user behavior dynamics.

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Objectives in Objectives in GeneralGeneral

To study the features of user performance in strongly To study the features of user performance in strongly restricted temporal intervals for decision making and ad restricted temporal intervals for decision making and adequate action (capturing targets). equate action (capturing targets). How to reduce the complexity of the decision-making How to reduce the complexity of the decision-making and to save time in urgent conditions.and to save time in urgent conditions. In particular, doing comparison for user behavior data In particular, doing comparison for user behavior data when: controlled parameters (cursor coordinates) are rediwhen: controlled parameters (cursor coordinates) are redistributed between two hands (manipulation through two stributed between two hands (manipulation through two analog buttons) and a targets exposition is progressively analog buttons) and a targets exposition is progressively decreasing.decreasing.

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Schedule Schedule

Activity Activity weeksweeks Result Result

Overview (brief) to the Overview (brief) to the problem & design for usability problem & design for usability testing scenario, software testing scenario, software installation & familiarization installation & familiarization

22 usability testing usability testing scenarioscenario

usability testing usability testing 33 datadata

Data analysisData analysis 22 resultsresults

Writing Project reportWriting Project report 22

11Project paper/DraftProject paper/Draft

Final versionFinal version

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Research Research MethodsMethods

Empirical research and usability testing the new Empirical research and usability testing the new techniques software and tools: techniques software and tools:

redistributed redistributed controlled parameters (cursor controlled parameters (cursor coordinates) coordinates)

analog buttonsanalog buttons

software to collect and process datasoftware to collect and process data Doing interview to subjects who took part in tests Doing interview to subjects who took part in tests

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Preliminary ResultsPreliminary Results

The new software had been installed and more The new software had been installed and more familiar with them. familiar with them.

Already install that new tool on computer and learn Already install that new tool on computer and learn how to use it to track targets. how to use it to track targets.

Do more practices with that new tool to improve the Do more practices with that new tool to improve the speed of tracking.speed of tracking.

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Experimental SetupExperimental Setup

Software installation, calibration for analog buttons.Software installation, calibration for analog buttons. 3 minutes for training.3 minutes for training. Data collection with different targets exposition:Data collection with different targets exposition:

Change the time pressureChange the time pressure

2 sessions per person, 5 trials for each subject2 sessions per person, 5 trials for each subject Data analysis.Data analysis.

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Experimental SetupExperimental Setup

Analysis data with that software.Analysis data with that software.

Do testing with time conditions Do testing with time conditions and collecting data .and collecting data .

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Forecasted resultsForecasted results Dynamics for user performance and strategy for

task realization will be evaluated through the next

parameters:

reaction time per target

a number of errors

individual behavior patterns

Ave (on 8 subjects) + standard deviation (s)

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Prospective applicationsProspective applications

Understanding human behavior under different time pressUnderstanding human behavior under different time press

ure conditions.ure conditions.

Adaptive drivers: through analysis of user behavior reactiAdaptive drivers: through analysis of user behavior reacti

ons in special condition, similar to calibration for mouse, tons in special condition, similar to calibration for mouse, t

o set individual (temporal) parameters in system which aro set individual (temporal) parameters in system which ar

e adequate for user performance. e adequate for user performance.

Adaptive interaction techniques for people who has Adaptive interaction techniques for people who has

special needs.special needs.

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ReferencesReferences Hayne, S. and Smith, C.A.P. Decision-Making Under Time Pressure: An Hayne, S. and Smith, C.A.P. Decision-Making Under Time Pressure: An

investigation of decision speed and decision quality of computer supported groups. investigation of decision speed and decision quality of computer supported groups. AIS Conference, 1996. Available at: AIS Conference, 1996. Available at: http://www. http://www.speedofheatspeedofheat.com/.com/haynehayne/time/ais96_/time/ais96_tptp..pdf pdf

Mann, L. and Tan, Ch. The Hassled Decision Maker: The Effects of Perceived Mann, L. and Tan, Ch. The Hassled Decision Maker: The Effects of Perceived Time Pressure on Information Processing in Decision Making. Australian Journal Time Pressure on Information Processing in Decision Making. Australian Journal of Management, V. 18(2) December, 1993, The University of New South Wales, of Management, V. 18(2) December, 1993, The University of New South Wales, Available at: Available at: http://www.http://www.agsmagsm..unswunsw..eduedu.au/.au/eajmeajm/9312//9312/mannmann.html.html

Matiasek, J., Baroni, M. and Trost, H. FASTY – A Multi-lingual Approach to Text Matiasek, J., Baroni, M. and Trost, H. FASTY – A Multi-lingual Approach to Text Prediction.Prediction. In Proc. of the 8In Proc. of the 8thth Int. Conf. on Computers Helping People with Special Int. Conf. on Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2002, Linz, Austria, 15-20 July. J.Klaus, K.Miesenberger, W. L. Needs. ICCHP 2002, Linz, Austria, 15-20 July. J.Klaus, K.Miesenberger, W. L. Zagler (Eds.), LNCS Vol. 2398, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2002, pp. 243-Zagler (Eds.), LNCS Vol. 2398, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2002, pp. 243-250.250.

Nobuki, O. and Sakai, Y. Human Characteristic on Phase Discrimination between Nobuki, O. and Sakai, Y. Human Characteristic on Phase Discrimination between Visual and Auditory Sine-Wave Stimuli. Available at: Visual and Auditory Sine-Wave Stimuli. Available at: http://www.http://www.sccssccs..chukyochukyo-u.ac.-u.ac.jpjp/ICCS//ICCS/olpolp/o1-11/o1-11./o1-11/o1-11.htmhtm

Zagler, W.I. Matching Typing Persons and Intelligent Interfaces. In Proc. of the 8Zagler, W.I. Matching Typing Persons and Intelligent Interfaces. In Proc. of the 8 thth Int. Conf. on Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2002, Linz, Int. Conf. on Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2002, Linz, Austria, 15-20 July. J.Klaus, K.Miesenberger, W. L. Zagler (Eds.), LNCS Vol. Austria, 15-20 July. J.Klaus, K.Miesenberger, W. L. Zagler (Eds.), LNCS Vol. 2398, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002, p. 242.2398, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002, p. 242.

Fabre, J., Howard, S. and Smith, R. Designing time at the user interface. Behaviour Fabre, J., Howard, S. and Smith, R. Designing time at the user interface. Behaviour & Information Technology, 2000, Vol. 19(6), 451-463.& Information Technology, 2000, Vol. 19(6), 451-463.

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