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Crisis & Risk Management for Companies
NIKESH KPROLL NO:47S8 MECH
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Crisis happens more than we imagine.
They are not always easy to see unless they affect our own lives.
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What is Crisis?
• A crisis is anything that has the potential to significantly impact an organization.
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What is Crisis Management?
• The overall coordination of an organization's response to a crisis, in an effective, timely manner, with the goal of avoiding or minimizing damage to the organization's profitability, reputation, or ability to operate.
• Crisis management involves identifying a crisis, planning a response to the crisis and confronting and resolving the crisis.
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Crisis management objectives
Crisis management has four objectives:
• Reducing tension during the incident;
• Demonstrating corporate commitment and expertise
• Controlling the flow and accuracy of information
• Managing resources effectively
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The Crisis Life Cycle
• Stage one: The Storm Breaks
• Stage two: The Storm Rages
• Stage three: The Storm Passes
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1- The Breaking Crisis
• Control seems to be slipping out of the company.
• Lack of solid detail about the crisis. Hard-to-provide information demanded by the media, analysts and others.
• Temptation to resort to a short-term focus, to panic and to speculate.
• For a period of time, everyone loses perspective.
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2- Spread and Intensification of Crisis
• Speculation and rumours develop in the absence of hard facts.
• Third parties- regulators, scientists and other experts – add weight to the climate of opinion.
• Corporate management comes under intense scrutiny from internal and external groups.
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3- Rebuilding Needs
• To manage reputation. There are opportunities in a crisis to build positive perceptions of the company or product that last beyond the crisis period.
• Company communication/ culture. The company embarks on a long-term programme to tackle management issues and communication problems that exacerbated the crisis.
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Problems and Challenges in Crisis Decision-Making
• Surprise and hesitation. The shock of a crisis can create a delay in response that allows your critics and the media to fill the gap with negative comment and speculation.
• Pressure and stress must be channelled by the discipline of a crisis strategy.
• Mistaking information distribution for communication.
• Treating key audiences as “opponents”.
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• Good crisis management is essential, but never a substitute for daily risk management processes.
• Risk management processes should apply to all customers, although depth and detail may depend on the transaction and customer. Transactions involving credit or other types of financial risk should incorporate a risk management process.
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The transaction's risk management process
A transaction's risk management process should focus on five areas:
• Knowledge of your client company and product.
• Knowledge of your customer/underwriting.
• Structure and documentation.
• External risk mitigation/portfolio management.
• Crisis management.
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1- Know your product
• It's important to know your company's risk philosophy.
• What is the risk appetite for this product, geography, customer?• Does the company's success depend on this single transaction?
• Companies and financial institutions usually know their products very well because they've developed them. However, selling a product in a new or changing market may create new product dynamics or risks, and these must always be addressed.
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2- Know your customer/underwriting
• Every company should have a KYC (know your customer) and/or underwriting process for assuming financial risk.
• Financial risk is not just providing financing to a customer; the potential for fines, duties or legal action or dependency on one customer for a substantial portion of sales are additional examples.
• Operational and reputational risks can also have financial impacts. Clearly, greater financial risk requires better risk management and higher compensation. The underwriting process should focus on a customer's capacity and willingness to meet financial obligations.
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3- Structure and documentation
• There is no single formula for determining an appropriate deal structure. The goal is to achieve a reasonable balance between positive and negative factors.
• Elements of a good structure include: key risk identification and mitigants; proper identification of the legal entities involved; appropriate ties between cash flows and purpose; early warning signals; level of monitoring appropriate to the level of risk; remedies to act when mutual expectations are not met; and proper risk/reward balance and clear communication of expectations between all parties.
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4- External risk mitigation/portfolio management
• External risk mitigation is an important risk management tool which can also support additional business generation through freeing capacity by distribution of risk.
• Risk mitigation techniques include funded and unfunded risk participations (where one party sells a portion of a transaction's risk to one or more third parties); insurance (a third party insures the transaction for certain events); credit default swaps (one party purchases credit protection from another party, similar to insurance in many ways); and collateral.
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5- Crisis management
•Despite a solid risk management process, there will be problems because we cannot predict all crisis events and protect against them. Be prepared to deal with a crisis event and take action immediately – identifying and assessing issues and options and obtaining expert advice as needed.
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Crisis Communications
• Good communication is the heart of any crisis management plan. Communication should reduce tension, demonstrate a corporate commitment to correct the problem and take control of the information flow. Crisis communications involves communicating with a variety of constitutes: the media, employees, neighbours, investors, regulators and lawmakers.
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Conclusion
•Over the last several years, regulators have encouraged financial entities to use portfolio theory to produce dynamic measures of risk.
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• VAR, the product of portfolio theory, is used for short-run day-to-day profit and loss-risk exposures. Now is the time to encourage the BIS and other regulatory bodies to support studies on stress-test and concentration methodologies. Planning for crises is more important than VAR analysis.
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Key References
• Duffy, Cathy (2004). “Crisis management vs. risk management”, Global Trade Review.
• Seymour, M., Moore, S. (2000). Effective Crisis Management: Worldwide Principles and Practice.