2.3 student book © 2004 propane education & research council 2.3 operating a transport to...

2.3 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research Council

2.3Operating a Transport

To Deliver Propane

• Consult local jurisdictions for applicable codes, standard

and legal requirements

• This material is not an exhaustive treatment of the subject

and does not preclude other procedures to enhance safe

LP-gas operations

• This publication is not intended nor should it be construed

to

1. Set forth procedures which are the general custom or

practice in the propane industry

2. Establish the legal standards of care owed by

propane distributors to their customers

3. Prevent the reader from using different methods to

implement applicable codes, standards or legal require-

ments.

CETP Program Disclaimer

• This training material was designed to be used as a

resource only and does not replace federal, state, local,

or company safety rules.

• The user of this material is solely responsible for the

method of implementation.

• The Propane Education and Research Council, the

National Propane Gas Association and Industrial Training

Services, Inc. assume no liability for reliance on the

contents of this training material.

• Issuance of this material is not intended to nor should it be

construed as an undertaking to perform services on be-

half of any party either for their protection or for the

protection of third parties.

CETP Program Disclaimer


Learning Aids—These margin notes are provided to help you identify sources, take precautions, or give guidance on your job.

Symbols

Warning: Important precaution that you should always remember when performing the identified task.

Tools: This task requires special tools or procedures.

PPE: This is a task that requires personal protection equipment.

Paper Work or Forms: This task should be documented on your company’s forms for compliance or legal reasons.

Safety Procedure: For your safety special precautions and safety guidelines apply to this task or operation of equipment.

Company S.O.P. : Follow your company’s Standard Operating Practices (or Procedures). If you’re not sure of your company’s policy, check with your supervisor.

Electrical Hazard: This task involves an electrical hazard. Lockout and Tagout procedures must be followed.

Explosive/Fire Hazard: This task involves a fire or explosion hazard. Use appropriate precautions. Lockout and Tagout procedures may apply.

Technical Tips: This technique may be very useful as you do a task.

Technical

Tip

The National Fire Protection Association: References to sections of the LP-Gas Codes and Standards.

NFPA 54 Or

NFPA 58

U.S. Department of Transportation: DOT has regulatory authority, both interstate and intrastate, over the transportation of hazardous materials. References to Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.

Department of Labor: (OSHA) administers federal employee safety and health regulations.


1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research Council Page 1

1.1.1Identifying Sources, Production Processes, & Characteristics of LP-Gases & LP-Gas Blends

When working with propane, it is essential to understand what it is. In this module you will:

1. Identify the sources of LP-gases

2. Gain an understanding of the processing of LP-gases

3. Identify the properties of odorants

4. Identify differences between propane, butane and methane

5. Identify the primary LP-gases and blends


The main source of LP-gas is crude oil-gas mixtures from actively producing natural gas and oil wells.

Identifying the Sources of LP-Gases


1.1.11.1.1

Supplemental Information

Supplemental Information

(Presenting the Supplemental Information section of a training module is optional for instructors. No CETP exam questions are taken from Supplemental Information sections.)

(This illustration is not included in the Student Book or Instructor Guide.)

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research Council Pages 2 & 3

•Tasteless, colorless and usually odorless; an odorant is added in processing

• Flammable, mixed with the proper amount of air

• Can be in solid, liquid, or vapor state

• Stored and transported in liquid state (except in vapor pipeline distribution systems)

• Readily vaporizes at atmospheric pressure at moderate ambient temperatures, greatly expanding in volume

• Liquid expands when heated, creating pressure in containers

• Propane & butane are not toxic, but may cause suffocation if air is displaced

Characteristics of LP-Gases


• Ethyl mercaptan, the most common LP-gas odorant is added at a minimum rate of 1 pound per 10,000 gallons of propane

• Odorization helps to warn of leaks and in locating and fixing leaks, and reduces gas losses by warning of leaking pipes, fittings and storage containers

• NFPA 58 and DOT require that LP-gas must be odorized at a concentration in air of 1/5 of the lower flammability limit, so that gas is readily detectable by a person with a normal sense of smell.

Odorants: Gas Warning Agents


• Odorants are unpleasant, distinctive and should be readily identifiable as a gas additive

• They should not condense out of the gas

• They should not harm the gas distribution system or appliances

• They should not be corrosive

• Odorants should burn completely in the gas flame to form products that are not corrosive, irritating or toxic.

Odorants: Gas Warning Agents


Propane* Butane* Methane

• Specific Gravity—Liquid 0.504 0.582 0.3• Specific Gravity—Vapor 1.50 2.01 0.60• Boiling Point (atmospheric) -44° F 31°F -260°F• Ignition Temperature 920-1120 °F 900-1000 °F 1150 °F• Max. Flame Temp 3595 °F 3615 °F 3400 °F• Flammability, Upper 9.60% 8.60% 14%• Flammability, Lower 2.15% 1.55% 4%• Ideal Combustion Ratio 24 to 1 31 to 1 10 to 1

(Parts Air to Gas)• Heat Value (Cu. Ft.) 2488 Btu 3280 Btu ~1000 Btu

*Commercial Propane and Commercial Butane values from Appendix B to NFPA 58

Physical Properties: LP-Gases & Methane


Propane Butane

• Vapor Pressure at any temperature Higher Lower

• Heat Value Lower Higher

• Weight Less More

4.20 lbs/gal 4.84 lbs/gal

• Boiling Point (atmospheric) -44° F 31°F(will not supply

sufficient gas for

a customer at lower

temperatures)

Differences Between Propane and Butane


Commercial Propane—predominately propane and propylene

HD-5 Propane—propane with maximum 5% propylene

Commercial Butane—predominately butane and butylene

Butane/Propane blend specifications are stated with the percentage of butane listed first. (Hint: alphabetical order)

A 60/40 butane/propane blend is approximately 60% butane and 40% propane by volume.

Identifying Primary LP-Gases and Blends


See If You Got the Key Points

Regarding the Sources and Characteristics

Of LP-Gases and LP-Gas Blends

• Complete the Review on Page 6.

• See if you are ready for the Certification Exam by checking off the performance criteria on page 7.

2.3 student book © 2004 propane education & research council 2.3 operating a transport to...

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