Impaired Musculo-skeletal SystemMuscle CrampOsteoporosis Muscular DystrophyArthritis

Muscle cramp is as an involuntarily, painful and prolonged contraction within a muscle.Can occur while muscles are in use or at rest.

Osteoporosis is a bone disease caused by gradual loss of bone density and thinning of bone tissue, causing bones to break easily.The main effect of osteoporosis is that bone fractures easily, crippling both the body support and locomotion.

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inheritable diseases which cause the muscles of the body to become gradually weaker and finally stops working.There are more than 30 types of muscular dystrophy.Muscular dystrophy can start in childhood or adulthood.It can affect the muscles very slowly or very fast.

Treatment:There is no known cure for muscular dystrophy.Drugs are used to slow muscle degeneration, to control seizures of some muscle activity, and antibiotics to fight respiratory infections.Exercise and physical therapy are used to maintain mobility for as long as possible.

Impact of muscular dystrophy:It causes muscle weakness leading to frequent falls and walking problem.It causes skeletal and muscle deformities.Eventually, the victim may be confined to the wheelchair.

Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints.The two most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.Osteoarthritis is due to the wear and tear of joints and surrounding tissues.It causes pain, tenderness, swelling and decreased function of joints affecting both support and locomotion.

Rheumatoid arthritis:is an autoimmune disease, meaning that the immune system of the body mistakenly attacks the synovial membrane.causes joint pain, stiffness and swelling of joints and a loss of joint function.directly cripples both support and locomotion in humans.

Ways of caring for the musculoskeletal systemFollowing a balanced dietHaving a food postureUsing proper attire for daily activitiesTaking appropriate precautions during vigorous activitiesPracticing correct and safe exercise techniques. In order to avoid injuries to the musculoskeletal system, a good guide is to practise the recommended physical movements of each individual exercise or activity

Posture is the position in which you hold your body upright against gravity while standing, sitting or lying down.

Good posture To keep bones and joints in the correct alignment so that muscles can function properlyTo prevent fatigue by using muscles more efficiently, allowing the body to use less energyTo prevent strain or overuse of certain parts of the musculoskeletal systemTo prevent backache and muscular pain due to strain, overuse or abuse of the musculoskeletal systemTo avoid and decrease the abnormal wearing of joint surfaces that could result in arthritisTo reduce the stress on the ligaments holding the joints of the vertebrae column togetherTo prevent the vertebrae column from becoming fixed in abnormal positionsIn contributing to a good appearance

Rounded shoulders

The good lifting posture (a) and the bad lifting posture (b)