2.3 general behavior of waves 1.reflection 2.refraction 3.interference 4.diffraction
DESCRIPTION
Reflection and Huygens’s waveletsTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2.3 General Behavior of Waves
1. Reflection2. Refraction3. Interference4. Diffraction
![Page 2: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Reflection
The law of reflection:
The angle of incidence = The angle of reflection.
ri
![Page 3: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Reflection and Huygens’s wavelets
![Page 4: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Parabolic Reflector
![Page 5: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ellipse
![Page 6: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Whispering Chamber
![Page 7: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Refraction
The bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another is called refraction.
![Page 8: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Refraction is due to changes in Wavespeed
![Page 9: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Refraction and Speed of the Wave
![Page 10: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Refraction of wavesIllustrated using Huygens’s
wavelets
![Page 11: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Waves at a beach
![Page 12: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Voices travel further at night, than during the day
![Page 13: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
With the wind or Into the wind
![Page 14: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Range of thunder
![Page 15: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Interference
Interference refers to the combining or addition of two similar waves.
Interference can be destructive, resulting in the effective disappearance of the waves, when they are out of phase.
It can be constructive, resulting in the enhancement of the waves, when they are in phase.
![Page 16: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Destructive Interference
![Page 17: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Constructive Interference
![Page 18: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Quincke’s Interference Tube
![Page 19: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Path Length Difference and Interference
![Page 20: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Interference along antinodal and nodal lines
![Page 21: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Noise-canceling headphones utilize destructive interference
![Page 22: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Diffraction of Sound
![Page 23: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Diffraction Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or the edges of an opening in the same medium.
It can be explained using Huygens’s principle.
The amount of diffraction depends on the nature of waves and their wavelength.
Sound waves diffract much more than light waves.
Low-frequency (high-wavelength) sound waves diffract more than high-frequency (low-wavelength) light waves.
![Page 24: 2.3 General Behavior of Waves 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.Interference 4.Diffraction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad17f8b9ab0599715fc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Diffraction in Speakers
Small-diameter speakers, called tweeters, are used to produce high-frequency sound. The small diameter helps to promote a wider dispersion of the sound.
The amount of bending is depends on the ratio: λ/w, λ is the wavelength and w is the width of the opening.