22/03/2011

Direction Ville et Territoires Durables Service Transports et Mobilités

PTW : How to improve the environmental performance of the vehicles?

A contribution from ADEME

Bertrand-Olivier DUCREUX ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency)

22 march 2011, Brussels

The following results come from our former PTW studies :

« E3 PTW vs E4 cars in real use : environmental assessments » (2007 ACEM, 2008 IFZ)

“Motorcycles and mopeds” (ADEME 2005)

Focus on : Fuel consumption / CO2 emissions Durability requirements /OBD Emission factors thresholds / test cycles Test cycles closer to “real use” / vehicle categories

22 march 2011, Brussels

Total volume of consumed fuel and total mass of greenhouse gases left in the atmosphere along the "Linas-Musée d'Orsay" route

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

mo

torb

ike

125

sco

ote

r 12

5

sco

ote

r >

125

road

ster

600

spo

rt/G

T >

=95

0

urb

an g

aso

lin

e

sed

an g

aso

lin

e

urb

an d

iese

l w

/o D

PF

mo

torb

ike

125

sco

ote

r 12

5

sco

ote

r >

125

road

ster

600

spo

rt/G

T >

=95

0

urb

an g

aso

lin

e

sed

an g

aso

lin

e

urb

an d

iese

l w

/o D

PF

burnt fuel greenhouse gases

lite

r o

f fu

el

or

kil

og

ram

s o

f C

O2

eq

uiv

ale

nt

Suburbs City Parking9.25 / 10.6

Fuel consumption / GHG emissions

Including CO and HC contributions to greenhouse effect

< 3 l/100

< 70 gCO2eq/km31.015 km for PTW34.135 km for cars

22 march 2011, Brussels

WMTC : customer information

Fuel consumption on various test cycles

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5

Euro 3 test cycle (6 x ECE or 6 x ECE + EUDC) (litre/100km)

WM

TC

cy

cle

or

AD

EM

E r

ea

l-u

se

(li

tre

/10

0k

m)

WMTC ADEME

22 march 2011, Brussels

WMTC : CO2 labellingCO2 emission on various test cycles

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Euro 3 test cycle (6 x ECE or 6 x ECE + EUDC) (gr/km)

WM

TC

cy

cle

or

AD

EM

E r

ea

l-u

se

(g

r/k

m)

WMTC ADEME

22 march 2011, Brussels

DurabilityEuro3 PTW results on Euro3 and WMTC test cycles

3910

4000

1350

1560

150

507

61004000

1350150

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%

350%

400%

450%

0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300%

Euro3 procedure

WM

TC

pro

ce

du

re

CO HC NOx

3910

22 march 2011, Brussels

Test cycle : certification vs real…

Total mass of pollutants left in the atmosphere along the "Linas-Musée d'Orsay" route

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

mo

torb

ike

12

5

sc

oo

ter

12

5

sc

oo

ter

>1

25

roa

ds

ter

60

0

sp

ort

/GT

>=

95

0

urb

an

ga

so

lin

e

se

da

n g

as

oli

ne

urb

an

die

se

l w

/o D

PF

mo

torb

ike

12

5

sc

oo

ter

12

5

sc

oo

ter

>1

25

roa

ds

ter

60

0

sp

ort

/GT

>=

95

0

urb

an

ga

so

lin

e

se

da

n g

as

oli

ne

urb

an

die

se

l w

/o D

PF

mo

torb

ike

12

5

sc

oo

ter

12

5

sc

oo

ter

>1

25

roa

ds

ter

60

0

sp

ort

/GT

>=

95

0

urb

an

ga

so

lin

e

se

da

n g

as

oli

ne

urb

an

die

se

l w

/o D

PF

CO HC NOx

gra

ms

of

ga

se

ou

s p

oll

uta

nts

Suburbs City Parking

38

7g

+

38

/ -

32

19

5g

+

57

/ -

60

current Euro threshold equivalence

22 march 2011, Brussels

Test cycles"Real-world" test cycles by phase

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Average speed (km/h)

Av

era

ge

ac

ce

lera

tio

n (

m/s

²)

Cars PTW Certification cycles WMTC

traffic jam

urban

crowded highway

road

highway

ECE

EUDC

22 march 2011, Brussels

Ex.125cc ECE / WMTC1&2

Engine operating point on a 125cc example (ECE / WMTC 1+2)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Engine speed (rpm)

BM

EP

(b

ar)

~ e

ng

ine

lo

ad

WMTC cycle ph.1-2

ECE cycle

22 march 2011, Brussels

Example 600ccEngine operating points (NEDC / WMTC )

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

Engine speed (rpm)

BM

EP

(b

ar)

~ e

ng

ine

lo

ad

WMTC cycle

ECE + EUDC cycle

22 march 2011, Brussels

Mopeds

Tampering with engine control systems and exhaust (incl.catalyst) is a real issue

Wide range of engine technology (2S / 4S, carburetor / injection) with widely spread emission and fuel efficiency results

A good potential for “best in class”, but some vehicles also reach worse levels than bigger bikes (FC and emissions).

“real use” testing increases exhaust emissions, as R47 cycle is also quite simply built

22 march 2011, Brussels

Conclusions Despite actual improvements between Euro 2 and 3 , a few “gaps” had

remained : the current proposal includes answers :

Mopeds are taken into account

WMTC cycle should bring improved consistency with real use

Fuel consumption and CO2 measurements will benefit to users (and public authority) information,

In France, the share of PTW in the traffic is increasing in main congested urban areas, especially 125cc. An actual improvement in emissions and durability should benefit to PTW as more constraints are expected to urban motorists.

ADEME welcomes the environmental part of the proposal.

Thank you for your attention…

(Papers available on http://www.ademe.fr or mailto : bertrand-olivier.ducreux@ademe.fr)