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21st February 2015 University of Freiburg Christoph Kowalewski [email protected]

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Page 1: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

21st February 2015

University of Freiburg

Christoph Kowalewski

[email protected]

Page 2: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Can you make a difference in thefight against corruption?

2Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 3: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Agenda

Understanding corruption (in the water sector)

Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play? 3

What can be done about corruption (in the watersector)?

How can I become a water warrior?

Page 4: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Sanitation & Hygiene

What is the water sector?Subdivision by …

4Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

… use(r) … common risk factors

(Integrated) WaterResource

Management

WASH

Water supply

Irrigation Hydro-power

Page 5: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

What is corruption?

“Abuse of entrusted power for private gain“

5Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

24% of 11.293 people across 23 countries: “The most relevant problem of our times”

Act of deviationfrom (social) rules

1. Elective2. Appointive3. Based on traditions

≠ collective interest

Page 6: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Global corruption barometer 2013

6Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

27%

Page 7: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

What shapes our perception of thelevel of corruption in a country?

7Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

petty

corruption

grandvs.

Which one is more harmful?

Page 8: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Grand corruption in the watersector & interrelation with conflicts

8Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

„The water crisis is a governance crisis withcorruption at its core“ (grand corruption).

(Political) corruption, e.g. clientelism

Policies whichdisregard potential

water supply-driven conflicts

Conflicts

Source: Carboun 2011

Water Stress Index 2011: „extreme“

61,4 bn €

Source: theweek.com

Page 9: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Interrelation with conflictsU4 2012: fragile settings are often characterised by

weak governance structures,

limited infrastructures,

inadequate political leadership and

reduced human, organisational and institutional capacity of government

9Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Vicious cycle

Page 10: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

The “grand” impact of petty corruption:“It is true that these payments do not involve a lot of money. But they involve the people’s trust. It is corruption at their doorstep. It is corruption they can describe (…) first hand.

So if you can reduce this kind of corruption they will know it. They don’t have to take your word for it.”

(Mid-career engineer in an Indian state water department)

10Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 12: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Costs of corruption in the water sector: Livelihood of fishermen

12Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

TI’s 2013 Youth Photo Competition Winner: Sony Ramany (21), Bangladesh

Page 13: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Costs of corruption in the water sector: Children’s future

13Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

This boyshouldbe at school

Page 14: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Interrelation with women’s rights

14Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

f>m

Page 15: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Interrelation with women’s rights

15Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

„Fightingcorruption isfighting forwomen‘s rights!“ (Marielisa Padilla Donoso, MEG)

Therefore, engaging women (andgirls) in anti-corruption

interventions is essential!

Page 16: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

3 exemplary types of corruption in the water sector

16Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

public

private consumer

3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public)

1. Preferential treatment of contractor who sites a water project in a public official’s home area (public-private)

3

2. Bribery of utility officials to evade water fee payments or get new a water connection (consumer-public)

Page 17: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play? 17

Source: GIZ

Page 18: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

„You don‘t fight corruption byfighting corruption“ (D. Kaufmann)

18Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 19: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Extractive Industries TransparencyInitiative: the case of Togo

19Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 20: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

The solution is TAP

Transparency

Accountability

Participation20Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 21: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Right to Information Act

21Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 22: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Right to Information ActParivartan – empowering citizens

22Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

1. the status of their earlier complaints

2. the names of officials dealing with those complaints

3. the contract for the laying of the pipeline

4. the completion certificate for the works

5. names of officials who issued it

Page 23: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Congratulations India!

23Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Source: Deutsche Welle

Page 24: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Global Right to Information Rating Map

24Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 25: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Right to Information (Act)Further examples

25Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Berlin Water Table

Parliament watch[German version:

abgeordnetenwatch.de]

www.transparenz.hamburg.de

Page 26: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Who would dareto blow the whistle?

26Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

What if you could do itanonymously?

What if you were not alone?

Page 27: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Whistleblowing via mapping tools(www.ipaidabribe.com)

27Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 28: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Whistleblowing via mapping tools(www.ipaidabribe.com)

28Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 29: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

www.ipaidabribe.comExemplary report

29Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Keep in mind thecompany‘s name„Metrowater“

Page 30: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

What you as CEO of Metrowater do not want to read in the newspaper

30Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 31: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Comparable mapping platformsworldwide (click on Indian flag)

31Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

www.notinmycountry.org

www.stopthebribes.net

Tell-it-True

Page 32: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

What companies can do? -Compliance Management Systems

Culture

Objectives

Organisation

Risk

Program

Communication

Monitoring and Improvement

32Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Source: PwCSource: TI

Page 33: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

An example: The Siemens Compliance Management System

33Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 34: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Organisations,

publications,

programs & events

Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play? 34

Page 35: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

For further gerneral information on Water Integrity (WIN, Berlin)

35Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 36: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

If you focus on Water Governance(WGF, Stockholm)

36Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 37: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

For (future) lawyers: Enhancing justice

37Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 38: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

For economists: Measuring and Valuing Supply Chain Water Risk

38Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 39: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Water experts (to be): World Wa-ter Week in Stockholm (Aug, 23-28)

39Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 40: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

www.transparencyschool.orgApplication deadline: 1 May 2015

40Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

The Lisbon National Integrity Summer School

Anti-corruption Summer School in Russia

Integrity Camp in Cambodia

Mike Manning Youth Democracy Camp in Papua New Guinea

Youth Leadership Camp in Vietnam

Page 41: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

International Anti-CorruptionAcademy, Vienna region/ Austria

41Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Summer Academy (Application deadline: 15 March)

Master in Anti-CorruptionStudies (MACS)

Page 42: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Everybody (journalists & IT experts): IACC in Malaysia (Sept, 2-4)

42Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 43: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

For IT experts but also ICT users: Sanitation hackathon

43Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Make friendswith IT experts!

Page 44: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Online courses on water integrity/ water sector related topics

44Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

UNESCO-IHE Institute for WaterEducation (Delft, Netherlands)

Anti-corruption for development(self-paced e-learning course,

not available yet, probably in Q2 2015)

Page 45: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Further interesting clips/ platformsClip by students from Munich: „Korruption im beruflichen Alltag - Wenn die Polizei ermittelt“

Youtube-video: „The Story ofbottled water“

Independence of highereducation institution in Germany

45Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 46: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Connect professionally when youtravel, e.g. via couchsurfing

46Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 47: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Rosetta farm, Egypt - Integrated Biotectural System-Greenhouse

47Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 48: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Do you believe in change now?

48Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

67%(Global Corruption Barometer 2013)

TI’s 2013 Youth Photo Competition „Honourable mention“: A.M. Ahad (26), Bangladesh

Page 49: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

Let‘s unite our drops to an anti-corruption splash!

49Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?

Page 50: 21st February 2015 University of Freiburg · 2015-02-25 · private consumer 3. Nepotism and kickbacks in the appointment and promotion to lucrative positions (public-public) 1. Preferential

What‘s next?

50Water.Justice.Conflict. - What role does corruption play?