21.3 central european monarchs clash.ppt · 2016. 8. 21. · – austria allies with france against...
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Central European Monarchs Clash
Chapter 21, Section 3
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Section Opener
After a period of turmoil, absolute monarchs rule Austria and the Germanic state of Prussia.
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The Thirty Years’ War
Rising Tension– Tension rises between Lutherans and
Catholics in central Europe
Bohemian Protestants Revolt– In 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic
Hapsburg rulers (Ferdinand II)– Result in Thirty Years’ War—conflict over
religion, land, power
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Thirty Years’ War (continued)
Hapsburg Triumphs (sometimes spelled “Habsburg”)– From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies have
many victories– Troops plunder many German villages
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Ferdinand II, Holy Roman
Emperor (1619-1637)
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House of Habsburg coat of armsat their height
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Austrian Hapsburg Coat of Arms
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Current Flag & Coat of Arms of Austria
civil flag of Austriacoat of arms of Austria
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State and War Flag of Austria
A combination of the civil flag and the coat of arms of
Austria.
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Thirty Years’ War (continued)
Hapsburg Defeats– In 1630, tide turns in favor of Protestants
Peace of Westphalia– War ruins German economy, greatly decreases
population– Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends war– Treaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens France– Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of peace
Beginning of Modern States– Treaty recognizes Europe as group of independent
states
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States Form in Central Europe
Economic Contrasts with the West– Economy in central Europe still based in serfs
and agriculture.
Several Weak Empires– Landowning nobles in central Europe Block
growth of kings’ power.– Ottoman and Holy Roman Empires are also
weak.
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Austria Grows Stronger– Hapsburgs in Austria take more lands, rule
large empire
Maria Theresa Inherits the Austrian Throne– Maria Theresa becomes empress of Austria
and faces years of war.
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The Pragmatic Sanction
This document, The Pragmatic Sanction, declared that Maria Theresa would inherit the Austrian throne.
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Maria Theresa
of Austria
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Prussia Challenges Austria
The Rise of Prussia– Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia build Europe’s best
army– They call themselves kings and become absolute
monarchs.– Nobles resist royal power, but king buys loyalty.
Frederick the Great– Frederick the Great becomes king of Prussia– Enforces father’s military policies but softens some of
his laws.
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Frederick II (The Great) of Prussia.
He was nicknamed “Old Fritz”.
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Prussia Challenges Austria
War of Austrian Succession– In 1740, Frederick starts war against Austria
to gain Silesia.– Maria Theresa resists Prussian power but
loses Silesia in treaty.– As a result of the war, Prussia becomes a
major power in Europe.
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Prussia Challenges Austria
The Seven Years’ War– Austria allies with France against Britain and
Prussia– In 1756, Frederick attacks Saxony, launching
Seven Years’ War.– France loses colonies in North America, Britain
gains India.