21 xxi eia ari mongolia june 2013 · 2014. 7. 23. · ulaan bula tion of abo habitants p golia’s...
TRANSCRIPT
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
XXI.
SUMMA
M
eastern
Tamtsag
China --
Tsagaan
Sou
olia
MONGO
ARY
Mongolia has
and southea
and East G
contain lac
tsav and eq
urce: ARI, 2013
OLIA
s limited bu
astern portio
Gobi rift bas
custrine mu
uivalent form
Figure
XX
ut locally sig
ons of the
sins - - whi
dstone and
mations.
e XXI-1. Sedi
EIA/ARI W
XI-1
gnificant sha
country, Fig
ch resemble
coaly sour
mentary Basi
World Shale Ga
ale gas and
gure XXI-1.
e the oil-pro
rce rocks w
ns of Mongol
s and Shale Oil
d oil potentia
The narrow
oductive bas
within the Lo
ia
Resource Asses
al located in
w and elong
sins of north
ower Cretac
ssment
n the
gated
heast
ceous
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
R
billion ba
place, Ta
olia
Risked, techn
arrels of shal
ables XXI-1 a
Table
Tabl
nically recov
le oil out of 5
and XXI-2.
e XXI-1. Shale
e XXI-2. Shale
Reservoir
Prop
ertie
s Reservoir
Average TThermal MClay Cont
Resource
Gas PhasGIP ConcRisked GRisked Re
Physical Exten
t Prospecti
Thicknes
Depth (ft)
Basic
Data Ba
S
Depos
Reservoir
Prop
ertie
s Reservo
AverageThermaClay Co
Resource
Oil PhaOIP CoRisked Risked
Physical Exten
t Prospec
Thickne
Depth (f
Basic
Data
Depo
XX
verable reso
55 Tcf and 8
e Gas Resourc
e Oil Resourc
OrganicallyNet IntervalAverage
r Pressure
TOC (wt. %)Maturity (% Ro)tent
secentration (Bcf/mi2
IP (Tcf)ecoverable (Tcf)
ive Area (mi2)
s (ft)
asin/Gross Area
hale FormationGeologic Age
sitional Environme
OrganicaNet IntervalAverage
oir Pressure
e TOC (wt. %)al Maturity (% Ro)ontentasencentration (MMb OIP (B bbl) Recoverable (B b
ctive Area (mi2)
ess (ft)
ft)
Basin/Gross Area
Shale FormationGeologic Age
ositional Environ
EIA/ARI W
XI-2
ources are e
85 billion bar
ces and Geolo
ces and Geolo
East G(24,560TsagaaL. Creta
Lacus4,69
y Rich 600300
6,000 - 18,00
Norm
4.0%0.80
MediAssoc
31.29.2.3
2)
ent
East(24,56TsagaL. Cret
Lacu4,
ally Rich 63
6,000 -8,
No
4.0.8
MeO
441
)
bbl/mi2)
bbl)
a
n
ment
World Shale Ga
estimated at
rrels of riske
ogic Propertie
gic Properties
Gobi0 mi2)
T(6
antsav Tsaceous L. Ctrine L900010,000 5,000
mal
%0%ium M. Gas As333
t Gobi60 mi2)
T(6,
aantsav Tsataceous L. Custrine La690
600300- 10,000 5,0000
rmal N
.0%80%dium MOil5.5431.7
s and Shale Oil
t 4 Tcf of sh
ed shale gas
es of Mongolia
s of Mongolia.
Tamtsag 6,730 mi2)agaantsavCretaceousacustrine5,440500250
000 - 9,0007,000
Normal
3.0%0.80%
Mediumssoc. Gas
23.625.72.1
Tamtsag,730 mi2)agaantsavCretaceousacustrine5,440500250
00 - 9,0007,000
Normal
3.0%0.80%
MediumOil
39.3431.7
Resource Asses
hale gas an
s and shale o
a.
.
ssment
d 3.4
oil in-
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
T
forming c
areas ran
by extens
In
Devonian
oil seeps
discovere
Mongolia
M
low roya
basins h
developm
shale le
evaluatin
INTROD
W
density –
helping t
per-capit
consump
including
M
relatively
at about
near the
pipeline
while add
T
two basin
olia
The organic-
combustible
nging from 7
sive faulting
n addition,
n age that m
s have bee
ed. Data o
a are covere
Mongolia has
lty (12.5%)
ave been le
ment of deep
asing or ex
ng the Khoid
DUCTION
With a popula
– only 1.8 in
o boost Mon
ta GDP is ex
ption is rising
g what soon
Most of Mong
y shallow an
5,000 bbl/da
e border wit
infrastructur
ditional capa
Three of Mon
ns could be
rich shales
e oil shale, b
7,000 to 8,00
.
northweste
more closely
n reported
n this Devo
d by non-pro
s an establis
and corpora
eased for co
p shale oil/g
xploration d
Ulaan Bula
ation of abo
nhabitants p
ngolia’s GDP
xpected to re
g rapidly as t
may be the
golia is cove
d sparsely d
ay, limited to
th China. M
re. Petroleu
ability may b
ngolia’s sed
quantitative
XX
of Mongolia
but reach oi
00 ft. Howe
ern Mongol
resemble N
in this rem
nian shale d
ospective ba
shed conven
ate income
onventional
gas resource
drilling activ
g oil shale d
out 3 million
per km2 or a
P by an exp
each $10,00
the country d
world’s large
ered by igne
drilled sedim
o two oil fiel
Mongolia ha
um drilling se
e sourced o
dimentary ba
ely evaluated
EIA/ARI W
XI-3
a are therm
il maturity (m
ver, these tr
ia has ma
North Americ
ote region
deposit are
asement tha
ntional oil an
tax (25%).
petroleum e
es have not
vity has oc
deposit.
people, Mon
about half th
ected 25% p
00 by 2020,
develops its
est copper m
eous and m
mentary basin
ds in the Ea
as no comm
ervices are a
out of oil field
asins may h
d; geologic
World Shale Ga
mally immatu
maximum R
roughs are r
arine-deposit
ca commerc
but no sign
extremely l
t lacks sedim
nd gas inves
Nearly all o
exploration.
yet been pr
ccurred, alth
ngolia has t
hat of Cana
per annum o
up three-fol
s considerab
mine at Oyu
metamorphic
ns, Figure X
ast Gobi Bas
mercial natu
available loc
ds in northea
have limited
data are sp
s and Shale Oil
ure near the
Ro of 0.8 to
relatively sm
ted organic
cial shale lith
nificant oil f
imited. Mos
mentary stra
stment regim
of the count
Regulation
romulgated
hough Petro
the world’s l
ada. Mining
over the com
ld from the c
ble mineral a
Tolgoi.
rocks but t
XXI-1. Oil pr
sin in southe
ural gas pro
cally in the
ast China.
shale oil p
parse. The m
Resource Asses
e surface, lo
1.0%) in de
mall and disru
c-rich shale
hology. Spo
fields have
st other are
ata.
me with rela
try’s sedime
ns governing
in Mongolia
o Matad Lt
owest popu
g developme
ming decade
current leve
nd coal dep
there are se
roduction is
eastern Mon
oduction nor
East Gobi B
otential, but
most prospe
ssment
ocally
eeper
upted
es of
oradic
been
eas in
atively
entary
g the
a. No
td. is
lation
ent is
e and
l. Oil
osits,
everal
small
ngolia
r gas
Basin,
t only
ective
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
areas for
These ba
has sma
In
Mongolia
although
formed o
Mongolia
Carbonife
Paleozoi
TOC rep
source ro
1. E
1.1 In
T
with Chin
central C
strike wit
more ge
structura
T
containin
Lower Cr
deposited
depths, b
olia
r both conve
asins are re
ll commercia
n addition, th
a close to th
public data
on platforms
an basemen
erous–Perm
c collisions
portedly is lo
ocks are rem
EAST GOBI
ntroduction
The 25,000-m
na, accessib
China. Mon
th and simil
eologic data
l geology wi
The East Go
ng Jurassic t
retaceous s
d under lac
becoming oil
entional and
latively sma
al oil product
here is a no
he border w
a there are
s of the Sib
nt. Devonia
mian coal a
and represe
ow (0.58% to
mote, poorly
I BASIN
n and Geo
mi2 East Gob
ble along th
golia’s only
lar to oil-pro
a are availa
th these adj
obi Basin co
to Early Cret
hales that o
ustrine cond
l prone in the
XX
d shale oil e
ll and some
tion.
on-productive
with Russia t
lacking. Th
berian passiv
n shale also
and coaly
ent the begin
o 1.68%) an
understood,
logic Setti
bi Basin is lo
he main hig
significant c
oductive Me
able. The
oining basin
omprises a
taceous fluv
ccur in the E
ditions. The
e deep troug
EIA/ARI W
XI-4
exploration a
what comple
e and poorly
that may ha
hese include
ve margin,
o is present
mudstone
nning of non
nd oil prone
, and appea
ng
ocated in so
hway betwe
commercial
esozoic rift b
East Gobi
ns in northwe
number of
vial to lacust
East Gobi B
ermal matur
ghs that sou
World Shale Ga
are the East
ex structura
y defined De
ave conventi
e Riphean–
predating a
t here and
samples im
n-marine de
(Tmax of 429
r to have litt
outheastern
een the cap
oil-producin
basins in no
Basin shar
est China.
discontinuou
trine sedime
asin frequen
rity of the s
rced the sha
s and Shale Oil
t Gobi and
lly; only the
evonian dep
ional and sh
Cambrian c
assembly of
oil seeps h
mmediately
eposition in c
9 to 441).1
le shale oil p
Mongolia clo
pitol Ulan B
ng region, th
ortheast Chi
res similar
us, fault-bou
ents, Figure
ntly have hig
hale is imm
allow conven
Resource Asses
Tamtsag ba
East Gobi B
posit in north
hale oil pote
carbonates w
the presen
ave been n
postdate t
central Mong
Moreover, t
potential.
ose to the b
ataar and n
he basin is a
ina, where m
stratigraphy
unded rift b
XXI-2. The
gh TOC but
mature at sh
ntional oil fie
ssment
asins.
Basin
hwest
ential,
which
nt-day
noted.
these
golia.
these
order
north-
along
much
y and
asins
thick
were
hallow
elds.
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
Fi
T
defined
depressio
fault-bou
areas (>
(3,090 m
troughs,
olia
igure XXI-2. S
Source: ARI,
The East Gob
broadly by
ons, separa
nded trough
6,000 ft) co
mi2) and Zuu
some formin
Stratigraphy o
, 2013
bi Basin con
gravity and
ated by base
hs with good
over only a
nbayan (1,6
ng conventio
XX
of Shale Sourc
ntains four m
d seismic da
ement highs
d quality sou
relatively s
600 mi2), Fig
onal oil traps
EIA/ARI W
XI-5
ce Rocks and
main sub-bas
ata.2 The s
that are ex
urce rock mu
mall area.
gure XXI-3.
s.
World Shale Ga
Conventiona
sins within a
sub-basins
xposed over
udstones ca
The larges
Uplifted fau
s and Shale Oil
l Reservoirs in
a 200- by 40
contain disc
r much of th
n occur. Ho
st sub-basin
ult blocks oc
Resource Asses
n Mongolia
00-mi area th
continuous
he region. D
owever, the
ns are the U
ccur within t
ssment
hat is
deep
Deep,
deep
Unegt
these
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
Figure
Source: Ma
C
from two
million ba
produced
conventio
the Tsag
shales.
gravity av
E
including
(left-later
Jurassic
compres
displacem
Cretaceo
B
of the Pa
Jurassic
sandston
olia
e XXI-3: Seis
nas Petroleum C
Conventional
o small antic
arrels from s
d smaller v
onal reservo
gaantsav and
Original oil
verages 28°
Each sub-bas
g thick lacust
ral) faults bo
to Early C
sion and in
ment along
ous east-wes
Basement in
aleozoic Tav
Khamarkho
nes and lacu
mic Line AcroShowing the
Corp., 2012
reservoirs
clinal oil fiel
shallow dept
volumes fro
oirs compris
d Zuunbayan
in place at
° API.3
sin contains
trine-deposit
ound the su
Cretaceous
version alon
g northeast
st shortening
the East Go
van Tolgoy
oovor Forma
ustrine-deltai
XX
oss the Zuunbeir Relatively S
in the East
ds. The Zu
ths (2,000 to
m depths o
ing lacustrin
n formations
the two fie
up to 13,00
ted mudston
ub-basins.
rifting (nort
ng pre-exist
faults dur
g.
obi Basin co
sequence.
ation, a pre-
ic shale, inc
EIA/ARI W
XI-6
bayan and UneSmall Size and
Gobi Basin
uunbayan o
o 2,500 ft), w
of 4,265 to
ne siltstones
s, which wer
lds totaled
00 ft of Midd
ne. Northeas
The structu
h-south ext
ting faults, r
ring the M
onsists of me
The oldest
-rift sequenc
luding thin c
World Shale Ga
egt Sub-basind Complex St
n currently p
il field has
while the nea
o 4,600 ft.
s, sandstone
re sourced b
an estimate
le Jurassic t
st-trending,
ural history
tension), Ea
renewed sed
Mid-Cretaceo
etamorphose
t sedimentar
ce consisting
coal seams.
s and Shale Oil
ns within the Etructure.
produce abo
produced a
arby Tsagaa
Both field
es and cong
by the interb
ed 150 Mmil
to Tertiary s
mainly norm
of the regio
arly Cretace
dimentation
ous, followe
ed sandston
ry unit is th
g of up to 2
Although a
Resource Asses
East Gobi Bas
out 5,000 bb
total of abo
n Els oil field
ds produce
glomerates w
bedded lacus
llion barrels
sedimentary
mal and strik
on includes
eous north-s
and right-la
ed by post
ne and carbo
e Lower to
2,500 ft of f
a potential so
ssment
in
bl/day
out 6
d has
from
within
strine
. Oil
rock,
ke slip
Mid-
south
ateral
t-Late
onate
Mid–
fluvial
ource
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
rock, the
overlying
conglome
O
Lower Cr
sequence
shale se
tuffs, and
sandston
A
laminated
grained
interprete
by micro
1.5% to
0.5 and 1
middle o
indicates
T
consists
Hauterivi
is coaly,
developm
D
East Gob
suggests
a lower
numerou
olia
e Khamarkho
g this unit is
erate with m
Overlying the
retaceous Ts
e 1,000 to 2
ction interbe
d basalt. Th
ne reservoir
A 125-m thick
d mudstone
units are in
ed as distal
-lamination,
15% for sha
10, respectiv
oil window. O
s a lacustrine
The other po
of up to 3,2
ian to Albian
probably cla
ment.
Deep portion
bi Basin ma
s that peak o
rate to the
us closely sp
oover seldo
s the Sharly
minor lacustri
e Sharlyn F
sagaantsav
2,300 ft thick
edded with d
he unit grade
at the Tsaga
k core sectio
e and micrit
nterbedded
lacustrine tu
biogenic py
ale, mainly o
vely, indicat
Oil quality is
e algal sourc
otential shale
200 ft of sa
n time under
ay-rich, and
s (6,000 to 1
y be oil pron
oil generatio
present day
paced faults t
XX
om crops ou
yn Formation
ine shale.
Fm are the
and Zuunba
k that locally
dark gray sa
es upward fr
aan Els and
on in the Tsa
te, dolomitic
with grains
urbidites. An
yrite, high TO
oil-prone Typ
ing good qu
s waxy with
ce.4
e target is th
ands and mi
r non-marine
likely less b
10,000 ft) of
ne and offer
n occurred d
y. However
that may lim
EIA/ARI W
XI-7
ut and rema
n, containing
primary sha
ayan formati
can contain
andstones a
om alluvial f
Zuunbayan
agsaantsav
c breccia, a
stone and t
noxic, stratif
OC, and car
pes I and II
ality source
h 20-35% pa
he Lower C
inor interbed
e to paralic e
brittle, thus n
f the Unegt,
r potential s
during the C
r, the East G
mit its potenti
World Shale Ga
ains poorly u
g up to 600
ale targets i
ons. The Ts
n thick oil sha
and conglom
fan to lacust
oil fields.
Fm was des
and calcare
thin, norma
fied lake-bot
rbonate prec
kerogen. S
rocks. The
araffin and
retaceous Z
dded shales
environment
not a very pr
Zuunbayan
hale oil targ
Cretaceous (
Gobi Basin
al for shale
s and Shale Oil
understood.
0 ft of fluvia
in the East
sagaantsav
ale, is mainl
merates, silts
trine facies,
scribed as co
eous siltston
ally graded
ttom conditio
cipitation. T
S1 and S2 v
ermal maturi
high pour p
Zuunbayan F
s and tuffs
ts. However
rospective ta
, and other s
gets. Burial
(90 to 100 M
is structura
oil developm
Resource Asses
Unconform
al sandstone
Gobi Basin
Fm, a late s
ly an organic
stones, brigh
becoming a
onsisting of
ne. These
sandstone
ons are indic
TOC ranges
values are a
ty is immatu
point. Oil ty
Formation, w
deposited d
r, the Zuunb
arget for sha
sub-basins i
history mod
Ma), continui
lly complex,
ment.
ssment
mably
e and
n, the
synrift
c-rich
ht-red
a lithic
finely
fine-
beds
cated
from
above
ure to
yping
which
during
bayan
ale oil
in the
deling
ing at
, with
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
1.2 R
W
in the Ea
300 ft (n
estimated
the silty l
1.3 R
T
and 43 b
1.7 billio
closest in
the shall
productiv
1.4 E
N
Calgary-b
targets in
Limited is
deposit r
containin
liter of 29
2 T
2.1 In
A
extreme
number o
300 km,
Cretaceo
olia
Reservoir P
Within the 4,6
ast Gobi Ba
et) of organ
d 4.0% and
ithology. Th
Resource A
The Tsagaan
billion barrels
n barrels of
nternational
low western
ve.
Exploration
No shale oil
based Mana
n this basin
s evaluating
reportedly h
ng carbonate
9° API oil fro
TAMTSAG
ntroduction
Although geo
eastern Mo
of isolated, f
Figure XXI-
ous Tsagaan
Properties
690-mi2 high
asin, the Low
ic-rich lacus
is oil-prone
he reservoir
Assessmen
ntsav Forma
s of risked s
shale oil m
analog appe
n Cooper Ba
n Activity
or shale ga
as Petroleu
n but has no
g Khoid Ulaa
has similar
e, quartz, an
om a 10-kg s
BASIN
n and Geo
ologically sim
ngolia has n
fault-bounde
-4. Just as
ntsav and Zu
XX
(Prospecti
h-graded pro
wer Cretace
strine shale
e (Ro averag
pressure gra
nt
ation contain
shale oil in-p
may be techn
ears to be th
asin, althou
as exploratio
m Corp. is
ot discussed
an Bulag oil
mineralogy
nd feldspar m
sample.6
logic Setti
milar to the
no commerc
ed troughs th
in the East
uunbayan fo
EIA/ARI W
XI-8
ive Area)
ospective are
eous Tsagaa
at an averag
ging 0.8%).
adient is nor
ns an estima
place, of wh
nically recov
he oil-prone
gh these ha
on or leasing
conducting
d its shale
shale depos
to the Gree
mineralogy.
ng
East Gobi
cial oil and g
hat trend WS
t Gobi Basin
rmations, wi
World Shale Ga
ea of the Un
antsav Form
ge depth of
Porosity m
rmal.
ated 29 Tcf
hich 2.3 Tcf
verable (both
window of t
ave not yet
g has occur
petroleum
potential.5
sit in Block
en River Fo
Extended F
Basin, the
gas product
SW-ENE alo
n, potential
ith TOC ave
s and Shale Oil
negt and Zu
mation conta
8,000 ft. T
may be signif
of risked sh
of associate
h risked), T
the REM lac
t been prov
rred in the E
exploration
London-bas
IV for poten
ormation in
Fischer Ana
6,700-mi2 T
tion. The ba
ong an exten
source rock
eraging abou
Resource Asses
unbayan tro
ins an estim
TOC average
ficant (6%) g
hale gas in-
ed shale gas
able XXI-1.
custrine sha
ven commer
East Gobi B
for convent
sed Petro M
ntial mining.
Wyoming,
alysis yielded
Tamtsag Bas
asin compris
nt of about 8
ks are the L
ut 3%.
ssment
oughs
mated
es an
given
place
s and
The
les in
rcially
Basin.
tional
Matad
This
USA,
d one
sin in
ses a
80 by
Lower
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
Figure
In
faulted g
Cretaceo
blocks a
towards
intrusive
olia
XXI-4. WesteShales a
Source: P
nternally the
grabens crea
ous transpre
nd anticlines
the northea
rocks.8
ern Tamtsag Bare Buried to O
Petro Matad Ltd
e Tamtsag B
ated by rifti
ession forme
s. Structura
ast. The b
XX
Basin ShowinOver 5,000 ft a
., 2012
Basin comp
ng and Mid
ed structura
al complexity
asement co
EIA/ARI W
XI-9
g Small Isolatand May Reach
rises a num
d-Cretaceous
al traps in c
y is most pr
onsists of D
World Shale Ga
ted Structuralh Oil-window
mber of upli
s basin inve
conventional
ronounced i
Devonian to
s and Shale Oil
Troughs whe Thermal Matu
fted fault bl
ersion, Figu
l targets, no
n the southw
Permian m
Resource Asses
ere Source Rourity.
locks and d
ure XXI-5.7
otably tilted
west, decrea
metamorphic
ssment
ock
down-
Late
fault
asing
c and
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
Figure XX
T
volcanic
fluvio-de
mudston
to andes
consist o
lacustrine
of the ba
T
stratigrap
experien
to the T
basins.
Cretaceo
Basin. T
levels.
olia
XI-5. Seismic l
Source: Petro
The Tamtsag
sedimentar
ltaic conglo
es and shale
sitic) with m
of fluvio-de
e shales. Y
sin, conceal
The Tamtsag
phically and
ced shale ex
amtsag, the
Coal depos
ous Nantun
The Hailaer
line in the Tsa
o Matad, 2010
g Basin cont
ry rocks. G
merates an
es. The bas
minor interbe
ltaic conglo
Younger Cen
ling the Mes
g Basin is
genetically
xploration, it
e Hailaer Ba
sits and car
Formation a
Basin oil fie
XX
amtsag Basin
tains up to 1
Grain texture
d sandstone
sal Upper Ju
edded sedim
omerates an
nozoic congl
sozoic units.9
on trend w
similar Mes
t is oil produ
asin actually
rbonaceous
are consider
elds produce
EIA/ARI W
XI-10
Showing Sou
13,000 ft of
e fines upw
e in the low
urassic cons
ments. The
nd sandsto
omerates, s9
with the Ha
ozoic rift ba
ucing and thu
y comprises
mudstones
red the majo
e with high w
World Shale Ga
urce Rocks Bu
Mid-Jurassic
ward from co
wer section
sists mainly o
e overlying
nes that fi
sandstones,
ailaer Basin
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us has much
s over 20 in
s within the
or petroleum
water cut an
s and Shale Oil
uried to a Dept
c to Tertiary
oarse contin
transitionin
of volcanic d
Lower Cret
ne upward
and mudsto
n of northe
gh the Haila
h better data
ndividual fau
upper porti
m source roc
nd have loca
Resource Asses
th of about 6,0
y non-marine
nental rift-fil
ng into lacus
deposits (ba
taceous dep
into deepw
ones cover m
astern Chin
aer Basin ha
a control. S
ult-bounded
on of the L
cks in the Ha
ally elevated
ssment
000 ft.
e and
l and
strine
asaltic
posits
water
much
na, a
as not
imilar
sub-
Lower
ailaer
d CO2
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
T
lacustrine
ranges fr
0.7%) be
samples
occurs in
In additio
levels of
the Yans
Figure XX
olia
The Nantun
e environme
rom 0.23% t
elow a dept
above 435
n the Hailaer
on, the Lowe
up to 90%,
shan Orogen
XI-6. Vitriniteof C
Formation w
ents. Organ
to 16.67%, a
h of about
5°C, indicati
r Basin, evid
er Cretaceou
which has b
ny.12
Reflectance IChina’s Hailae
Sou
XX
was deposit
nic carbon c
averaging 2
6,500 ft, Fig
ing oil-pron
ently due to
us conventio
been isotop
Increases to Aer Basin, Adja
urce: Liu et al., 2
EIA/ARI W
XI-11
ted within fa
content of th
.56%. The
gure XXI-6,1
e kerogen.1
poor reserv
onal sandsto
ically linked
About 0.8% Rocent to the Ta
2009
World Shale Ga
an delta fron
he organic-ri
mudstone b10 while Tmax11 Limited
voir condition
one reservoi
with granite
o at a Depth oamtsag Basin
s and Shale Oil
nt, pro-fan d
ch mudston
becomes oil-
x averages 4
conventiona
ns and high
irs can conta
e intrusions
f 2.5 Km in th in Mongolia.
Resource Asses
delta, marsh
ne within this
-prone (Ro a
447°C with
al oil produ
water satura
ain elevated
emplaced d
e Wuerxun Tr
ssment
h and
s unit
above
most
uction
ation.
d CO2
during
rough
-
XXI. Mongo
June, 2013
2.2 R
W
small tro
an estim
TOC ave
significan
2.3 R
T
barrels o
may be
appears
Basin, al
2.4 E
N
does the
conductin
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ughs within
ated 250 fe
erages an e
nt (6%) given
Resource A
The Tsagaan
of shale oil in
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to be the oil
though thes
Exploration
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