Remember the

Respiratory System

BELLWORK

WHAT IS THE

AVERAGE

BREATHING RATE

FOR A HEALTHY

ADULT?

WHAT CAN AFFECT A

PERSON’S

BREATHING RATE?

(NAME FIVE

POSSIBLITIES).• https://www.nursingtimes.net/cl

inical-

archive/respiratory/respiratory-

rate-3-how-to-take-an-

accurate-

measurement/7025005.article

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 2

STANDARDS

10) Review the gross and cellular anatomy and

physiology of the respiratory system and explain

the ventilation process. Develop an exercise

program and a rehabilitation plan for a

patient/client who has chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease (COPD) and one who is

training for a marathon, based on their

respective respiratory needs. Compare and

contrast these plans to justify the components

included.

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 3

OBJECTIVES

IDENTIFY COMMON

DISEASES/DISORDERS AND THEIR

TREATMENTS RELATED TO THE

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

CREATE AN EXERCISE AND

REHABILIATION PLAN FOR A PATIENT

WITH COPD.

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 4

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 5

Structures of the

Lower Respiratory System

Pleura

Thin, moist slippery membrane

that covers lungs

Double-walled sac

Space is pleural cavity – filled

with pleural fluid

Discuss: Why do we need

pleural fluid?

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 6

Structures of the

Lower Respiratory System

Mediastinum A septum or cavity between

two principal portions of an

organ.

Contains the heart and its

large vessels, trachea,

esophagus, thymus, lymph

nodes, and connective tissue

Also called the interpleural

space

Located between the lungs

Make Graphic Organizer: (Make sure

you have nine empty spaces). Bronchitis

Tuberculosis

Emphysema

Pleural Fluid

Pneumothorax

Pulmonary Embolism

Lung Cancer

Pneumonia

COPD 2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 7

Bronchitis Infection of the mucous

membrane of the trachea and

bronchial tubes

Acute -Cough, fever,

substernal pain, RALES (raspy

sounds), wheezing

Chronic- over 40 years,

smoking common cause

Treat with pain meds, anti-

inflammatory, or antibiotics.

X-ray, allergy tests, other tests

to verify source.

KEEP HANDS WASHED!!!

QUIT SMOKING!!!!!!

8

Tuberculosis

Highly infectious bacterial lung disease

Increased incidence due to AIDS, increased illegal immigration,

homelessness (low immune systems)

Cough, low grade fever in the afternoon, weight loss, night sweats

Antibiotics and anti tuberculosis drugs for 1-2 years

You cannot work in a healthcare facility until your symptoms are

cleared.

9

Emphysema

Alveoli become over-dilated, loss their

elasticity

Alveoli may rupture

Air becomes trapped, can’t exhale – forced

exhalation required

Reduced blood levels of O2 and CO2

Alleviate the symptoms, decrease exposure

to irritants, prevent infections

QUIT SMOKING!!!!

10

Emphysema

11

Pleural Effusion: Abnormal amount of

fluid surrounding the pleural space. Leakage from other organs: This is

usually from congestive heart

failure (when your heart doesn’t

pump blood to your body properly).

But it can also come

from liver or kidney disease when fluid

builds up in your body and leaks into

the pleural space.

Cancer: Usually lung cancer is the

problem, but other cancers that have

spread to the lung or pleura can cause

it, too.

Infections: Examples

are pneumonia or tuberculosis.

Autoimmune conditions: Examples

are lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

Pulmonary embolism: This is a

blockage in an artery in one of your

lungs. 2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 12

Pleural effusion treatment:

Thoracentesis with possible chest tube. This fluid can be

various colors due to

its cause.

Heart surgery-red

Infection-dark yellow,

brown, red, purulent

Sepsis-brown, bloody

Not to be confused

with pneumonia!!

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 13

Pleural effusion imaging.

Ultrasound Cat Scan

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 14

Thoracentesis Video

Pneumothorax

Chest injury. Any blunt or penetrating injury to your chest can cause lung

collapse. Some injuries may happen during physical assaults or car

crashes, while others may inadvertently occur during medical procedures

that involve the insertion of a needle into the chest.

Lung disease. Damaged lung tissue is more likely to collapse. Lung

damage can be caused by many types of underlying diseases, including

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis and

pneumonia.

Ruptured air blisters. Small air blisters (blebs) can develop on the top of

your lung. These blebs sometimes burst — allowing air to leak into the

space that surrounds the lungs.

Mechanical ventilation. A severe type of pneumothorax can occur in

people who need mechanical assistance to breathe. The ventilator can

create an imbalance of air pressure within the chest. The lung may collapse

completely.

What do think a spontaneous pneumothorax is?

15

Pneumothorax

(sometimes challenging to see)

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 16

Chest tube video

Drain nurse or

tech will monitor

this daily.

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 17

Pulmonary Embolism

Blood clot breaks off and

travels to the lungs

Occurs after surgery or when a

person has been on bed rest.

Common in smokers and those

sitting for long periods of time

(ex. Truck drivers)

Sudden severe chest pain,

dyspnea; similar to heart attack

Lung scan, CT, arteriogram

Anticoagulant therapy

QUIT SMOKING!!!!

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 18

If anticoagulants don’t work??

Surgery to remove clot

Pulmonary Arteriogram and drip blood thinners

IVC filter (inferior vena cava filter) to catch large clot

19

Jigsaw Activity:

Answer as many questions as you can

from the disease and disorder activity on

your own sheet of paper.

Include illustrations and the most

important facts on your poster to help you

present to the class.

Lung Cancer

Pneumonia (various types, bacterial vs. viral)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

(COPD)

20

INDIVIDUAL PROJECT

CREATE AN EXERCISE AND REHABILIATION PLAN FOR

A COPD PATIENT. (Brochure, Pamphlet, Packet)

IDENTIFY THIS PATIENT’S RESPIRATORY NEEDS,

THEIR LIMITATIONS, AND THEIR CAPABILITIES.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9450-copd-

exercise--activity-guidelines

https://www.copdfoundation.org/Learn-More/I-am-a-Person-

with-

COPD/Exercise.aspx?gclid=CjwKCAjwq57cBRBYEiwAdpx0

vRnKAilwaZsBro7qyxgkWMqZkRsNbtsHYXtH3xMoJeEGaV

K3O-tRoRoCBqAQAvD_BwE

https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/ss/slideshow-copd-

exercises2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 21

Bell Work Day 2

What is hyperventilation?

What are signs/symptoms

of this condition?

How can you treat

someone who

hyperventilates?

What might cause a

person to experience this

condition?

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 22

Most injuries to the chest are the result of a

direct blow and are usually superficial…

What sports do you think would increase the

risk of chest injuries?

S/S (signs/symptoms)

T/R (treatment/rehabilitation)

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 23

Asthma Asthma is a condition in

which your airways narrow

and swell and produce extra

mucus. This can make

breathing difficult and trigger

coughing, wheezing and

shortness of breath.

“Exercised-induced

asthma” is when

vigorous activities

trigger airways

narrowing; usually

after 6-8 minutes of

activity.

Treatment- use of

bronchodilators.

What is

bronchoconstriction?

24

Rib Contusions

Forceful blow to the

ribcage that bruises

the intercostal

muscles.

What does the term

intercostal refer to?

S/S-tenderness, pain

with breathing.

T/R-Ice 20 min/3 hrs.

Consider additional

padding.2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 25

Rib Fractures (fx)

Flail chest-three or more

ribs fractured.

Does not allow normal

movement for breathing.

S/S- intense pain and

difficultly breathing;

“crepitus”; refrain from

deep breaths

T/R-support area, look for

shock or signs of

pneumothorax.

Extra padding.2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 26

Flail Chest

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 27

Chest and Heart Contusions

Any blow to the chest

affecting muscles,

tissues, vessels, or heart.

S/S-localized tenderness

or swelling.

Myocardial Contusion-

rare, heart compressed

behind sternum towards

spine.

T/R-ice and compression

tape to help with swelling;

monitor for shock,

bleeding, dyspnea.

Cardiac tamponade-

bleeding into the

pericardium; damage

heart valves, muscles,

chamber.

S/S-severe pain in chest,

rapid shock.

T/R-CPR if needed, drain

fluid from around heart;

padding, sit out for

season.

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 28

Cardiac Tamponade

Chest X-Ray Ultrasound of

Heart

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 29

Sudden Death Syndrome…in Athletes

Rapid collapse and death

of an otherwise healthy

person.

Usually caused by

underlying heart disease.

S/S-chest pain, heart

palpitations, shortness of

breath, sweating, and

loss of consciousness.

T/R-immediate CPR,

EMS, critical care

Most common cause of non-

cardiac

sudden death…

Alcohol

Cocaine

Other illegal drugs.

Sudden death can also occur

due to cerebral aneurysm

(hemorrhagic bleeding or

stroke)

30

Hemopneumothorax

Occurs with chest open

or closed chest wounds.

Blood accumulates in

pleural space.

Concern with blood loss.

S/S-similar to PTX,

dyspnea, SOB, shock

T/R EMS, monitor, needs

chest tube drain

2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 31

Pulmonary Contusions

Bruise to the lung

caused by direct

blow, bleeding in lung

tissue, edema

(swelling), increase

lung secretions.

S/S-SOB, hemoptysis

(coughing up blood),

rales (crackled

breathing).

T/R-Emergent care,

special pads “flack

jacket.”

32

Blow to the Solar Plexus

Considered intra-

abdominal injury.

However, this is what we

often refer to as “having

the wind knocked out.”

Nerve issue that

temporarily paralyzes the

diaphragm.

S/S-initial anxiety and

perceived inability to

breathe.

T/R-Remove

constricted clothing,

monitor for change is

s/s.

Think Heimlich

Maneuver!! (1970s)33

INDIVIDUAL PROJECT

CREATE AN EXERCISE AND REHABILIATION PLAN FOR

A COPD PATIENT. (Brochure, Pamphlet, Packet)

IDENTIFY THIS PATIENT’S RESPIRATORY NEEDS,

THEIR LIMITATIONS, AND THEIR CAPABILITIES.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9450-copd-

exercise--activity-guidelines

https://www.copdfoundation.org/Learn-More/I-am-a-Person-

with-

COPD/Exercise.aspx?gclid=CjwKCAjwq57cBRBYEiwAdpx0

vRnKAilwaZsBro7qyxgkWMqZkRsNbtsHYXtH3xMoJeEGaV

K3O-tRoRoCBqAQAvD_BwE

https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/ss/slideshow-copd-

exercises2.05 Remember the structures of the

respiratory system 34