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2018 WASTE COMPOSITION MONITORING PROGRAM METRO VANCOUVER

SUBMITTED TO: Metro Vancouver Solid Waste Services Metrotower III 4730 Kingsway Burnaby, BC PREPARED BY: TRI Environmental Consulting 6961 Russell Avenue Burnaby, BC, V5J 4R8 Phone: 604-436-3384 Fax: 604-436-5914 Email: [email protected] PROJECT NO.: T18-125

DATE: 7 June 2019

© TRI Environmental Consulting

Executive Summary

TRI Environmental Consulting (TRI) a division of Canadian Construction Materials Engineering & Testing Inc. (CCMET), is pleased to present the findings of the 2018 Waste Composition Monitoring Program (“the Study”). The project was completed for Metro Vancouver (the ‘Client’). The purpose of the Study was to provide current data on the composition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the Metro Vancouver region for the following sectors:

• Single-Family (SF) residential waste;

• Multi-Family (MF) residential waste;

• Commercial/Institutional (C/I) waste;

• Drop-Off (DO), or self-haul; and

• Streetscape waste. This study was completed at four (4) facilities in the Metro Vancouver region. Samples of waste were sorted at the Vancouver South Transfer Station (VSTS), the Coquitlam Transfer Station (CTS), the Surrey Transfer Station (STS), and the Metro Vancouver Waste to Energy Facility in Burnaby (WTE). Collection and sorting of streetscape waste samples was also completed for this study. Streetscape waste was collected from eight (8) municipalities in the Metro Vancouver region. This included sampling bins from areas with multiple streetscape waste streams.

Waste Composition SF, MF, C/I, and DO waste was sorted into thirteen (13) primary categories. Table A summarizes all the waste composition results by primary category for all sectors and the combined overall composition. A more detailed breakdown is presented later in the report.

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Table A – Summarized Waste Composition

Combined

Average

Sector

SF MF C/I DO

Disposed

Tonnes

891,205 154,964 223,666 383,306 129,269

Population/

Employees

2,550,047 1,464,123 1,085,924 1,400,9001 1,464,1232

Primary

Category

% kg/

capita

% kg/

capita

% kg/

capita

% kg/

capita

% kg/

capita

Compostable

Organics 26.0% 91 23.1% 24 25.8% 53 32.0% 88 11.9% 11

Paper 18.1% 63 17.3% 18 21.4% 44 21.6% 59 3.0% 3

Plastic 16.4% 57 21.6% 23 21.7% 45 14.6% 40 6.4% 6

Non-

Compostable

Organics

16.4% 57 6.6% 7 5.6% 12 15.3% 42 49.7% 44

Household

Hygiene 7.4% 26 18.2% 19 11.9% 25 3.0% 8 0.0% 0

Building

Material 5.6% 20 3.1% 3 1.9% 4 5.2% 14 16.2% 14

Metals 3.8% 13 3.1% 3 4.8% 10 3.6% 10 3.8% 3

Glass 2.4% 8 1.9% 2 1.7% 3 1.9% 5 5.4% 5

Fines 1.5% 5 3.2% 3 2.1% 4 0.9% 3 0.0% 0

Electronic

Waste 1.0% 4 1.0% 1 2.0% 4 0.7% 2 0.3% 0

Household

Hazardous 0.9% 3 0.8% 1 1.2% 3 1.0% 3 0.2% 0

Bulky Objects 0.5% 2 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.1% 0 3.2% 3

Compostable

Plastic 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0

Total 100% 349 100% 106 100% 206 100% 274 100% 89

1 Numbers may not add up to 100% due to rounding. The number of employees was used instead of the population for C/I. Employment

number was based on Statistics Canada’s Employment by census metropolitan areas and occupation, annual 2017 data.

2 DO per capita was based on estimated SF population reported by Metro Vancouver.

3 Tonnages based on 2017 Metro Vancouver updated disposal information.

Metro Vancouver Project No.: T18-125 2018 Waste Composition Monitoring Program 7 June 2019 Page iii


Combined Waste Composition The largest components of the waste composition were compostable organics (26.0%), paper (18.1%), and plastic (16.4%). Compostable organics was mainly composed of food waste (14.0%), 7.4% of which was considered avoidable food waste and 6.6% was unavoidable. Paper mainly consisted of other compostable paper (4.4%), such as tissues/towelling, followed by other soiled cardboard (2.4%) and clean recyclable cardboard (1.8%). Plastic mainly consisted of consumable packaging (2.5%) and other plastic film (2.2%) A historical comparison of waste disposed per capita by primary category for the region is presented in Figure A. The results from the Study were compared with disposal results from studies completed in 2013, 2015, and 2016 for Metro Vancouver.

Figure A – Regional Waste Disposal per Capita (Excluding Construction and Demolition Waste)

Streetscape Waste Due to the highly variable nature of streetscape waste and the relatively low number of recycling stream samples, the streetscape composition results within this report cannot be used to compare one system to another. The results are intended to provide a general idea of the types of items and range of composition that may be found in streetscape bins. Other municipalities within the region have also completed dedicated streetscape composition studies with more comprehensive results for their specific

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2013 2015 2016 2018

Dis

po

sal (

kg/c

apit

a)

Fines

Bulky Objects

Household Hygiene

Household Hazardous

Electronic Waste

Building Material

Glass

Metals

Non-Compostable Organics

Compostable Organics

Compostable Products andPackaging

Plastic

Paper

Metro Vancouver Project No.: T18-125 2018 Waste Composition Monitoring Program 7 June 2019 Page iv


streetscape bin configurations and design that may better reflect the contents of streetscape bins in those communities. Streetscape waste was collected from eight (8) municipalities and sorted into fourteen (14) primary categories. The number and types of streams sampled differed between municipalities. The streams sampled included garbage, single-stream recycling, containers, paper, and organics. Liquids in containers or coffee cups were excluded from the composition analysis and the total weight of the samples. The composition of streetscape garbage receptacles audited is presented in Figure B.

Figure B – Streetscape Garbage Composition

Pet waste represented approximately half of the material by weight in the streetscape receptacles audited, however the presence of pet waste is highly dependent on whether or not the receptacle is located near dog-walking areas. Pet waste also tends to have a relatively high density compared to other items found in streetscape receptacles, and would typically not compose a large proportion by volume. The next most prevalent material types were compostable material (19%) and recyclable containers (13%). Only 6% of the material found in streetscape garbage receptacles was determined to be not readily divertible. Table B summarizes the composition of the different streetscape recycling streams sampled. It is difficult to draw conclusions between different recycling streams and bin configurations as the type of material disposed of in a specific receptacle is highly location dependent. For example, configurations including organics receptacles are likely located in areas where high volumes of organics are expected to be generated and therefore cannot necessarily be compared to locations without organics receptacles. Additional factors such as the age of the program, bin design, and program communication, such as signage, can also influence how accurately the materials are deposited.

Pet Waste49%

Garbage6%

Compostable Material19%

Depot3%

Recyclable Paper10%

Recyclable Containers13%

Metro Vancouver Project No.: T18-125 2018 Waste Composition Monitoring Program 7 June 2019 Page v


Table B - Streetscape Recycling Composition

Streetscape bins for the paper stream yielded the highest proportion of targeted materials with 92% of the composition consisting of recyclable paper and only 8% consisting of improperly sorted items or contamination. Levels of contamination in single-stream recycling and containers bins ranged from 18% to 47%, depending on location and configuration. In organics bins, only 45% of the audited contents contained organics, with 47% of the bin composed of recyclable material (31% containers/beverage deposit and 16% paper) and 8% containing garbage.

Stream Composition1

Streetscape Recycling Stream

Configuration 1 Configuration 2 Configuration 3

Single-Stream Recycling Paper Containers Single- Stream

Recycling Organics

Weight % Weight % Weight % Weight % Weight %

Beverage Deposit 48% 1% 23% 6% 3%

Containers 25% 2% 42% 33% 28%

Paper 9% 92% 12% 13% 16%

Organics 7% 3% 11% 26% 45%

Garbage 11% 2% 13% 21% 8%

Total 100% 100%2 100% 100% 100%

NOTE TO THE READER The samples collected and sorted for this study are “snapshots” in time, meaning the reported quantities are estimates and only represent the conditions for the period of time in which they were collected. Seasonal and annual variability, weather, and other factors can affect the amount and composition of waste and recyclables generated by the various sectors at any given time. Throughout the report, the term C/I refers to Commercial and Institutional Waste.

Metro Vancouver Project No.: T18-125 2018 Waste Composition Study 7 June 2019 Page vi


Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Objective ................................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 Scope of Work .......................................................................................................................... 1

3.0 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 3 3.1 Design of the Sampling Program ............................................................................................... 3 3.2 Transfer Station Based Audit ..................................................................................................... 3 3.3 Streetscape Waste Composition ............................................................................................... 4 3.4 Data Evaluation – Garbage and Streetscape ............................................................................. 4 3.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures .................................................................. 4

4.0 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 4 4.1 Waste Composition Results ....................................................................................................... 4

4.1.1 Single-Family Waste Composition ................................................................................ 5 4.1.2 Multi-Family Waste Composition ................................................................................. 6 4.1.3 Commercial/Institutional (C/I) Waste Composition ..................................................... 8 4.1.3 Drop-Off (DO) Waste Composition .............................................................................. 9 4.1.4 Combined Waste Composition Results ...................................................................... 11

4.2 Metro Vancouver Waste Disposal Per Capita ......................................................................... 12 4.3 Historical Comparison ............................................................................................................. 13

5.0 Streetscape Composition ........................................................................................................ 19

6.0 Limitations and Sources of Error .............................................................................................. 23

7.0 Closure and Professional Statement ........................................................................................ 23

Table of Tables

Table 1 – Study Location and Dates .............................................................................................................. 2 Table 2 – Sector Sampling Information ......................................................................................................... 2 Table 3 – Streetscape Sampling Information ................................................................................................ 2 Table 4 – Breakdown of Primary Categories (>10%) for Single-Family Waste Composition ........................ 5 Table 5 – Single-Family Waste Composition Results .................................................................................... 5 Table 6 – Breakdown of Main Primary Categories (>10%) for Multi-Family Waste Composition ................ 6 Table 7 – Multi-Family Waste Composition Results ..................................................................................... 7 Table 8 – Breakdown of Main Primary Categories (>10%) for Commercial/Institutional Waste Composition

.............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Table 9 – Commercial/Institutional Waste Composition Results ................................................................. 8 Table 10 – Breakdown of Primary Categories (>10%) for Drop-Off Waste Composition ............................. 9 Table 11 – Drop-Off Waste Composition Results ....................................................................................... 10 Table 12 – Combined Waste Composition Results Summary ..................................................................... 11 Table 13 – Metro Vancouver Waste Disposal per Capita by Primary Categories ....................................... 13 Table 14 – Municipal Bin Configurations .................................................................................................... 20

Metro Vancouver Project No.: T18-125 2018 Waste Composition Study 7 June 2019 Page vii


Table 15 – Percent of Household Waste Found in Each Stream ................................................................ 21 Table 16 - Streetscape Recycling Composition ........................................................................................... 21

Table of Figures

Figure 1. – Single-Family Waste Composition – Primary Categories ............................................................ 6 Figure 2 – Multi-Family Waste Composition – Primary Categories .............................................................. 7 Figure 3 – Commercial/Institutional Waste Composition – Primary Categories .......................................... 9 Figure 4 – Drop-Off Waste Composition – Primary Categories .................................................................. 10 Figure 5 – Combined Waste Composition – Primary Categories ................................................................ 12 Figure 6 – Primary Categories Waste Disposal per Capita for Single-Family Residential (2013-2018) ...... 14 Figure 7 – Primary Categories Waste Disposal per Capita for Multi-Family Residential (2013-2018) ....... 15 Figure 8 – Primary Categories Waste Disposal per Capita for Commercial/Institutional (2013- 2018) ..... 16 Figure 9 – Primary Categories Waste Disposal per Capita for Drop-Off (2013-2018) ................................ 17 Figure 10 - Primary Categories Waste Disposal per Capita for Region (2013-2018) .................................. 18 Figure 11 – Streetscape Garbage Composition........................................................................................... 20 Figure 12 – Streetscape Bin Contamination ............................................................................................... 22

List of Appendices

Appendix I: Weighted Average – All Categories Appendix II Selected Site Photographs Appendix III: Material Categories

Metro Vancouver Project No.: T18-125 2018 Waste Composition Monitoring Program 7 June 2019 Page 1


1.0 Introduction TRI Environmental Consulting (TRI) a division of Canadian Construction Materials Engineering & Testing Inc. (CCMET), is pleased to present the findings of the 2018 Waste Composition Monitoring Program (“the Study”)

1.1 Objective The purpose of the Study was to provide current data on the composition of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and the disposal rates of MSW within the Metro Vancouver region. The Study included the following sectors:

• Single-Family (SF) residential waste;

• Multi-Family (MF) residential waste;

• Commercial, and Institutional (C/I) waste;

• Residential Drop-off (DO) waste; and

• Streetscape Waste. This study was completed at four (4) facilities in the Metro Vancouver region. Samples of waste were sorted at the Vancouver South Transfer Station (VSTS), the Coquitlam Transfer Station (CTS), the Surrey Transfer Station (STS), and the Metro Vancouver Waste to Energy Facility in Burnaby (WTE). Collection and sorting of streetscape waste samples was also completed for this study. Streetscape waste was collected from eight (8) municipalities in the Metro Vancouver region. This included sampling bins from areas with multiple streetscape waste streams. This report summarizes the methodology employed for each of the sectors within the composition study, results of the characterization and provides an analysis of the data.

2.0 Scope of Work The scope of work was as follows:

• Prepare Site-specific Health and Safety Plans for each sorting facility.

• Prepare schedule and complete Streetscape Waste Composition Monitoring Program.

• Complete one (1) week of Transfer Station Waste Composition Monitoring at each of the four (4) locations which includes the Vancouver South Transfer Station (VSTS), Waste to Energy (WTE), Coquitlam Transfer Station (CTS) and Surrey Transfer Station (STS) The waste sources will be as follows:

o Single-Family (SF) o Multi-Family (MF) o Drop-off (DO) o Commercial/Institutional (C/I)

• Complete data entry and analysis of all samples collected.

• Complete draft report for review.

• Complete two rounds of reviews prior to the completion of the final report.



The sampling locations and dates are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 – Study Location and Dates

Location Sector Sampled Sample Dates (2018)

Various Streetscape October 15 – October 24

VSTS SF, MF, C/I, and DO November 5 – November 9

CTS SF, MF, C/I, and DO November 13 – November 16

STS SF, MF, C/I, and DO November 19 – November 23

WTE SF, MF, C/I, and DO November 26 – December 3

Table 2 summarizes the number of samples collected from each sector, the total weight audited and the average weight of each of the samples.

Table 2 – Sector Sampling Information

Load Source Number of samples

Total Weight of Material audited (kg) Average weight (kg)

Single-Family 18 1,816.5 100.9

Multi-Family 20 2,028.1 101.4

Commercial, and Institutional 37 3,781.5 102.2

Drop-Off 22 1,990.0 90.5

Total 97 9,616.0 99.1

Streetscape samples were collected from eight (8) municipalities (A – H) located within Metro Vancouver. Tables 3 summarizes the number of samples collected and types of bin configurations from streetscape for each municipality.

Table 3 – Streetscape Sampling Information

Municipality Bin Configuration # of Samples

A Garbage, Containers, and Paper 10

B Garbage Only 18

Garbage, Containers and Paper 2

C Garbage Only 30

D Garbage, Single-Stream Recycling, and Organics

10

E Garbage Only 2

F Garbage Only 27

Garbage, Containers, and Paper 2

G Garbage Only 9

Garbage, Containers and Paper 7

H Garbage Only 11

Garbage and Single-Stream Recycling 5

Garbage, Single-Stream Recycling and Organics

3



3.0 Methodology

3.1 Design of the Sampling Program The sampling for the waste composition monitoring program was based on industry accepted techniques 1,2, and previous experience gained by TRI, with modifications made according to the requirements of the present Study. Samples for waste composition were collected from five (5) different sources of municipal solid waste (MSW). MSW received at the previously mentioned transfer stations was classified as originating from one (1) of the following five (5) sectors:

• Single-family residential (SF)

• Multi-family residential (MF)

• Commercial, and Institutional (C/I)

• Drop-Off (DO)

• Streetscape

3.2 Transfer Station Based Audit Collection of SF, MF, C/I, and DO samples was completed at the four (4) transfer stations included in the Study. The field supervisor selected samples by asking waste haulers about the originating sector and municipality. The field supervisor then contacted the appropriate transfer station personnel to allow for the hauler to tip on the floor or the area designated for sample collection by the site manager. At VSTS, samples were initially selected by the scale house crew, however, the sample selection methodology was changed after 2 days. This was because initially, it was unclear whether these samples were arriving from the multi-family or C/I sector. Following this, the field supervisor started selecting samples by asking the haulers about the originating sector of the waste. This was then communicated to the loader operator. Drop-off samples were collected by speaking to residents coming to the transfer stations who were asked the reason as to why they were disposing waste at the transfer station. Once samples were identified at VSTS and STS, one loader bucket of material that weighed between 300-500 kg was then delivered to the sorting area. The team then collected a sample of approximately 100 kg from each of the load using a rough grid to ensure sample collection was not affected by bias. At CTS, trucks were instructed to tip at the last receiving door where the auditing team collected a sample directly from the total contents of the truck. This was different from VSTS and STS, where a loader brought a sample once the truck had tipped on the floor. At the WTE, haulers tipped the last quarter of their load on the apron of the receiving floor.

1 Recommended Waste Characterization Methodology for Direct Waste Analysis Studies in Canada, SENES Consultants Ltd.; April 30, 1999.

2 Procedural Manual for Municipal Solid Waste Composition Analysis; Ministry of Environment; November 1991.



Samples were weighed prior to sorting. Samples were then sorted into appropriate category bins and weighed with each bin tared weight subtracted to determine the net weight. A full list of material categories can be found attached in Appendix I. Categories also included single-use items (SUI) which were weighed and counted. Midway through the Study one more category was added to due to foam takeout containers not having an appropriate category. A new category for foam takeout containers (#6 PS Foam Takeout Containers) was added. The added SUI category did not change the overall composition due to those items still being weighed in a category of a similar description (#6 PS Foam Foodware).

3.3 Streetscape Waste Composition Streetscape samples were collected by municipal crews from each respective municipality. Streetscape sample locations were chosen by the municipalities. The contents of each sample were emptied into bags and labelled with the appropriate waste stream (garbage, paper, containers etc.) by municipal crews. All samples were delivered by municipal crews to either VSTS or to the respective municipality’s works yard where the sorting was to take place. The samples were weighed and separated into the different streams prior to sorting. Samples were then sorted into the appropriate category bins and then weighed once sorting was complete. The tared weight of each bin was recorded to find the net weight of each sample. Similar to the transfer station-based audit, SUIs were counted and weighed.

3.4 Data Evaluation – Garbage and Streetscape Data was compiled into spreadsheets throughout the course of the fieldwork. Quality control was completed to ensure the accuracy of the collected data. The pre-sorted weight of each sample was compared to the final calculated sample weight after sorting to ensure that the results were within +/- 3%. The average was calculated using the weighted mean for each waste sector and material category. The confidence interval for each waste sector was calculated to the 90% confidence level.

3.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures In the field, raw waste composition data was reviewed on a daily basis following the sorts. This review allowed the field supervisor to determine if items had been omitted from the data sheets. All samples were weighed at the beginning before sorting occurred, and then again after sorting was complete to ensure all material was accounted for. In the office, staff reviewed the accuracy of 100% of the data that was transcribed into spreadsheet format. The accuracy of all data was reviewed by calculating the difference between the sum of the sorted category masses and the unsorted sample mass.

4.0 Results

4.1 Waste Composition Results The results and the analysis of the data collected from this study are presented in the sections below, including the composition of waste from all sectors which includes single-family (SF), multi-family (MF), industrial, commercial and institutional (C/I), and drop-off (DO).



4.1.1 Single-Family Waste Composition Table 4 shows primary categories that comprised over 10% of the total SF waste, along with significant (largest 1, 2, or 3 categories making up more than 50% of the primary category) secondary and tertiary sub-categories within each primary category. The garbage consisted primarily of compostable organics, plastics, household hygiene, and paper.

Table 4 – Breakdown of Primary Categories (>10%) for Single-Family Waste Composition

Primary Category Secondary Category Tertiary Category

23.1% Compostable Organics 18.0% Food Waste 9.5% Unavoidable Food Waste

8.5% Avoidable Food Waste

21.6% Plastic 8.5% Film 4.7% Consumable Packaging

5.9% Textiles

1.4% Rigid Non-Beverage Containers

18.2% Household Hygiene 17.8% Biological 9.9% Diapers

5.3% Pet Waste

17.3% Paper 9.5% Other Paper 7.1% Other Compostable Paper

Note: Percentages shown in Table 4 are relative to total SF waste composition. Not all secondary and tertiary categories are shown for each

corresponding primary category, only more significant components. See Appendix I for a complete breakdown.

Other compostable paper mainly consisted of soiled tissues/towelling and paper plates. Over half of the food waste was comprised of unavoidable food (9.5%). The remaining food categories were summed to provide an outlook on how much of the food waste was avoidable (8.5%).

The composition results and the 90% confidence intervals are shown in Table 5. The confidence intervals show that there was consistency in the sampling with only household hygiene greater than 4%. The primary categories that contribute less to the total composition show greater consistency. A breakdown of all subcategories can be found in Appendix II.

Table 5 – Single-Family Waste Composition Results

Material Category Weighted Mean (%) 90 % Confidence Interval

Compostable Organics 23.1% ±3.7%

Plastic 21.6% ±2.1%

Household Hygiene 18.2% ±4.2%

Paper 17.3% ±2.5%

Non-Compostable Organics 6.6% ±2.2%

Fines 3.2% ±0.3%

Metals 3.1% ±0.6%

Building Material 3.1% ±1.7%

Glass 1.9% ±0.7%

Electronic Waste 1.0% ±0.5%

Household Hazardous 0.8% ±0.5%

Compostable Products and Packaging 0.0% ±0.0%

Bulky Objects 0.0% ±0.0%



Results of the total composition for single-family waste with each primary category is presented in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1. – Single-Family Waste Composition – Primary Categories

4.1.2 Multi-Family Waste Composition Table 6 shows primary categories that comprised over 10% of the total MF waste, along with significant secondary and tertiary sub-categories. The composition consisted mainly of compostable organics, plastic, paper, and household hygiene.

Table 6 – Breakdown of Main Primary Categories (>10%) for Multi-Family Waste Composition


25.8% Compostable Organics 18.4% Food waste 7.7% Unavoidable Food Waste


21.7% Plastic 8.7% Film 3.8% Consumable Packaging

5.8% Textiles

3.4% Rigid Non-Beverage Containers


2.5% Fine, Office, Envelopes 4.5% Other Fine Office Paper or Envelopes

11.9% Household Hygiene 11.8% Biological 5.6% Diapers

3.5% Pet Waste

Note: Percentages shown in Table 6 are relative to total MF waste composition. Not all secondary and tertiary categories are shown for each


Paper17.3%

Plastic21.6%

Compostable Organics23.1%


6.6%

Metals3.1%

Glas

Building Material3.1%

Electronic Waste1.0%

Household Hazardous0.8%

Household Hygiene18.2%

Fines3.2%



The other compostable paper mainly consisted of soiled tissues/towelling and paper plates. Food waste consisted of more avoidable food waste (10.7%) than unavoidable food waste (7.7%).

The composition and the 90% confidence intervals for the MF waste results are shown in Table 7. The primary categories that contribute less to the total composition show greater consistency. A breakdown of all subcategories can be found in Appendix II.

Table 7 – Multi-Family Waste Composition Results



Plastic 21.7% ±3.0%

Paper 21.4% ±3.7%



Metals 4.8% ±1.7%

Fines 2.1% ±0.4%



Glass 1.7% ±0.6%




Results of the total composition for Multi-family waste with each primary category is presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2 – Multi-Family Waste Composition – Primary Categories

Paper21.4%

Plastic21.7%



5.6%

Metals4.8%

Glass1.7%





Fines2.1%



4.1.3 Commercial/Institutional (C/I) Waste Composition Table 8 shows primary categories that comprised over 10% of the total C/I waste, along with significant secondary and tertiary sub-categories within each primary category. The composition consisted of mainly compostable organics, paper, non-compostable organics, and plastic.

Table 8 – Breakdown of Main Primary Categories (>10%) for Commercial/Institutional Waste Composition


32.0% Compostable Organics 14.4% Food Waste 7.1% Unavoidable Food Waste


13.5% Clean Wood 7.7% Other Wood


7.1% Cardboard 4.0% Other Soiled Cardboard

15.3% Non-Compostable Organics 13.3% Treated or Painted Wood 9.7% Finished Wood

14.6% Plastic 6.9% Film 3.6% Other Plastic Film

1.7% Consumable Packaging Bags and Film

Note: Percentages shown in Table 8 above are relative to total C/I waste composition. Not all secondary and tertiary categories are shown for

each corresponding primary category, only more significant components. See Appendix I for a complete breakdown.

Food waste consisted of more avoidable food (7.3%) than unavoidable food waste (7.1%). The other portion of clean wood mainly consisted of wood pallets (5.17%). Other compostable paper consisted of tissues/towelling and paper used in an industrial setting.

The composition and the 90% confidence intervals for the C/I waste results are shown in Table 9 along with the results from the samples taken at each of the four transfer stations. The confidence intervals show that there is more variability in the categories that contribute the most to the total waste composition. A breakdown of all subcategories can be found in Appendix II.

Table 9 – Commercial/Institutional Waste Composition Results



Paper 21.6% ±4.63%


Plastic 14.6% ±3.54%


Metals 3.6% ±1.37%


Glass 1.9% ±1.71%


Fines 0.9% ±0.30%






Results of the total composition for C/I waste with each primary category is presented in Figure 3.

Figure 3 – Commercial/Institutional Waste Composition – Primary Categories

4.1.3 Drop-Off (DO) Waste Composition Table 10 shows primary categories that comprised over 10% of the total waste, along with significant secondary and tertiary sub-categories within each primary category. The composition consisted mainly of non-compostable organics, building material, and compostable organics.

Table 10 – Breakdown of Primary Categories (>10%) for Drop-Off Waste Composition


49.7% Non-Compostable Organics 48.1% Treated or Painted Wood 21.1% Treated Wood

20.6% Finished Wood

16.2% Building Material 6.2% Carpet Waste

5.2% Other Inorganics

4.1% Masonry

11.9% Compostable Organics 6.8% Clean Wood 6.8% Other Wood

4.8% Yard and Garden 4.8% Small Yard Waste

Note: Percentages shown in Table 10 are relative to total DO waste composition. Not all secondary and tertiary categories are shown for each


Other inorganics consisted of different building material such as insulation, linoleum flooring, and one sample containing a high percentage of plaster.

Paper21.6%

Plastic14.6%



15.3%

Metals3.6%

Glass1.9%


Electronic Waste0.7% Household Hazardous

1.0%


Bulky Items0.1%

Fines0.9%



The composition and the 90% confidence intervals for the DO garbage results are shown in Table 11 along with the results from the samples collected at each of the four transfer stations. The confidence intervals show that there is much higher variability in the categories that contribute the most to the total waste composition. This is due to fact that DO samples typically consist of few categories. A breakdown of all subcategories can be found in Appendix II

Table 11 – Drop-Off Waste Composition Results





Plastic 6.4% ±2.7%

Glass 5.4% ±6.8%

Metals 3.8% ±3.3%


Paper 3.0% ±1.9%



Fines 0.0% ±0.0%



Results of the total composition for DO waste with each primary category is presented in Figure 4.

Figure 4 – Drop-Off Waste Composition – Primary Categories

Paper3.0%

Plastic6.4%



49.7%

Metals3.8%

Glass5.4%



Household HazardousBulky Items

3.2%



4.1.4 Combined Waste Composition Results Table 12 presents the combined (SF, MF, C/I, DO) weighted average of the primary material composition. To calculate the results each sector was weighted differently according to the total tonnage disposed of for each sector in 2017. The weightings used were: SF = 17.4%, MF = 25.1%, C/I = 43.0%, DO = 14.5%. The largest component of the combined results was compostable organics (26.0%) followed by paper (18.1%), and plastic (16.4%). Compostable organics was mainly composed of food waste (14.0%) of which 7.3% of composition was considered avoidable food waste and 6.7% was unavoidable. Paper mainly consisted of other compostable paper (4.4%) such as tissues/towelling followed by other soiled cardboard (2.4%) and clean recyclable cardboard (1.8%). Plastic mainly consisted of consumable packaging (2.5%) and other plastic film (2.2%).

Table 12 – Combined Waste Composition Results Summary

Material Category Combined

Average

90%

Confidence

Interval

Sector

SF MF C/I DO

Compostable Organics 26.0% ±3.6% 23.1% 25.8% 32.0% 11.9%

Paper 18.1% ±2.4% 17.3% 21.4% 21.6% 3.0%

Plastic 16.4% ±2.0% 21.6% 21.7% 14.6% 6.4%

Non-Compostable Organics 16.3% ±5.1% 6.6% 5.6% 15.3% 49.7%

Household Hygiene 7.4% ±1.7% 18.2% 11.9% 3.0% 0.0%

Building Material 5.6% ±2.6% 3.1% 1.9% 5.2% 16.2%

Metals 3.8% ±1.0% 3.1% 4.8% 3.6% 3.8%

Glass 2.4% ±1.7% 1.9% 1.7% 1.9% 5.4%

Fines 1.5% ±0.2% 3.2% 2.1% 0.9% 0.0%

Electronic Waste 1.0% ±0.4% 1.0% 2.0% 0.7% 0.3%

Household Hazardous 0.9% ±0.4% 0.8% 1.2% 1.0% 0.2%

Bulky Items 0.5% ±0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 3.2%

Compostable Products and Packaging 0.0% ±0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Figure 5 presents the estimated total waste composition of all sectors combined.



Figure 5 – Combined Waste Composition – Primary Categories

4.2 Metro Vancouver Waste Disposal Per Capita Metro Vancouver waste disposal per capita by primary categories for each sector of waste is presented in Table 13. The population by sector and corresponding disposed of tonnage from the previous year (2017) was provided by Metro Vancouver. This data was used to generate waste disposed of per capita based on the data collected during the 2018 Study.

Paper18.1%

Plastic16.4%



16.3%

Metals3.8%

Glass2.4%





Bulky Objects0.5%

Fines1.5%



Table 13 – Metro Vancouver Waste Disposal per Capita by Primary Categories

Combined

Average

Sector

SF MF C/I DO

Disposed

Tonnes

891,205 154,964 223,666 383,306 129,269

Population/

Employees

2,550,047 1,464,123 1,085,924 1,400,9001 1,464,1232

Primary

Category

% kg/

capita

% kg/

capita

% kg/

capita

% kg/

capita

% kg/

capita

Compostable

Organics 26.0% 91 23.1% 24 25.8% 53 32.0% 88 11.9% 11

Paper 18.1% 63 17.3% 18 21.4% 44 21.6% 59 3.0% 3

Plastic 16.4% 57 21.6% 23 21.7% 45 14.6% 40 6.4% 6

Non-

Compostable

Organics

16.4% 57 6.6% 7 5.6% 12 15.3% 42 49.7% 44

Household

Hygiene 7.4% 26 18.2% 19 11.9% 25 3.0% 8 0.0% 0

Building

Material 5.6% 20 3.1% 3 1.9% 4 5.2% 14 16.2% 14

Metals 3.8% 13 3.1% 3 4.8% 10 3.6% 10 3.8% 3

Glass 2.4% 8 1.9% 2 1.7% 3 1.9% 5 5.4% 5

Fines 1.5% 5 3.2% 3 2.1% 4 0.9% 3 0.0% 0

Electronic

Waste 1.0% 4 1.0% 1 2.0% 4 0.7% 2 0.3% 0

Household

Hazardous 0.9% 3 0.8% 1 1.2% 3 1.0% 3 0.2% 0

Bulky Objects 0.5% 2 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.1% 0 3.2% 3

Compostable

Plastic 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0

Total 100% 349 100% 106 100% 206 100% 274 100% 89

1 Numbers may not add up to 100% due to rounding The number of employees was used instead of the population for C/I. Employment

number was based on Statistics Canada’s Employment by census metropolitan areas and occupation, annual 2017 data

2 DO per capita was based on estimated SF population reported by Metro Vancouver

3 Tonnages based on 2017 Metro Vancouver updated disposal information.

4.3 Historical Comparison Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 compare the primary categories displaying changes in per capita disposal for each sector. Figure 10 compares the changes in regional disposal per capita for each primary category.



Figure 6 – Primary Categories Waste Disposal per Capita for Single-Family Residential (2013-2018)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2013 2015 2016 2018

Dis

po

sal (

kg/c

apit

a)

Fines

Bulky Objects

Household Hygiene

Household Hazardous

Electronic Waste

Building Material

Glass

Metals

Non-CompostableOrganics


Compostable Productsand Packaging

Plastic

Paper



Figure 7 – Primary Categories Waste Disposal per Capita for Multi-Family Residential (2013-2018)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

2013 2015 2016 2018

Dis

po

sal (

kg/c

apit

a)

Fines

Bulky Objects

Household Hygiene

Household Hazardous

Electronic Waste

Building Material

Glass

Metals




Plastic

Paper



Figure 8 – Primary Categories Waste Disposal per Capita for Commercial/Institutional (2013- 2018)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2013 2015 2016 2018

Dis

po

sal (

kg/c

apit

a)

Fines

Bulky Objects

Household Hygiene

Household Hazardous

Electronic Waste

Building Material

Glass

Metals




Plastic

Paper



Figure 9 – Primary Categories Waste Disposal per Capita for Drop-Off (2013-2018)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2013 2015 2016 2018

Dis

po

sal (

kg/c

apta

)

Fines

Bulky Objects

Household Hygiene

Household Hazardous

Electronic Waste

Building Material

Glass

Metals




Plastic

Paper



Figure 10 - Primary Categories Waste Disposal per Capita for Region (2013-2018)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2013 2015 2016 2018

Dis

po

sal (

kg/c

apit

a)

Fines

Bulky Objects

Household Hygiene

Household Hazardous

Electronic Waste

Building Material

Glass

Metals




Plastic

Paper



The following is a summary of trends observed in Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, and Figure 10 below:

• Compostable organics decreased every year for SF, MF, and DO. For C/I, compostable organics increased from 2016 (69 kg/employee) to 2018 (88 kg/employee).

• Regionally, compostable organics have decreased 40% from 151 kg/capita in 2013 to 91 kg/capita in 2018. Metro Vancouver imposed an organics ban in 2015. Between 2015 and 2018, compostable organics disposed has not changed (91 kg/capita in 2015 and 2018).

• SF compostable organics in 2018 decreased by 65% from 68 kg/capita in 2013 to 24 kg/capita in 2018. MF decreased by 51% from 104 kg/capita in 2013 to 53 kg/capita in 2018.

• Paper and plastic disposed of per capita in MF has steadily increased from 2013 to 2018.

• Plastic disposed of in 2018 for MF was the highest over the previous studies, increasing from 35 kg/capita in 2016 to 45 kg/capita.

• Household hygiene increased from 12kg/capita in 2016 to 19 kg/capita in 2018 for SF and from 17 kg/capita in 2016 to 25 kg/capita in 2018 for MF.

• Since 2016, plastic disposal decreased in C/I from 58 kg/employee to 42 kg/employee in 2018, while non-compostable organics doubled from 22 kg/employee to 44 kg/employee in that same period of time.

• Building material has comprised a large portion of the waste composition for both C/I and DO over the past few years. However, building material decreased in 2018 (14 kg/capita C/I and DO) from 2016 (23 kg/capita C/I, 24 kg/capita DO) in both sectors. There was an increase in non-compostable organics in both sectors from 2016, with DO increasing from 27 kg/ capita in 2016 to 44 kg/ capita and C/I increasing from 22 kg/capita in 2016 to 42 kg/capita in 2018.

5.0 Streetscape Composition Due to the highly variable nature of streetscape waste and the relatively low number of recycling stream samples, the streetscape composition results within this report cannot be used to compare one system to another. The results are intended to provide a general idea of the types of items and range of composition that may be found in streetscape bins. Other municipalities within the region have also completed dedicated streetscape composition studies with more comprehensive results for their specific streetscape bin configurations and design that may better reflect the content of the streetscape bins in those communities. Streetscape waste was collected from eight (8) municipalities and sorted into fourteen (14) primary categories. The number and types of streams sampled differed between municipalities. The streams sampled included garbage, single-stream recycling, containers, paper, and organics. Liquids in containers or coffee cups were excluded from the composition analysis and the total weight of the samples.



Table 14 summarizes the municipal bin configurations and the number of samples audited from each streetscape bin.

Table 14 – Municipal Bin Configurations

Bin Type Total Samples

Garbage

Stand-Alone 97

Paired with Recycling 36

Subtotal 133

Recycling

Single-Stream Recyclables 5

Separate Containers and Paper 17+17

Single-Stream Recyclables and Separate Organics 13+13

Subtotal 65

Figure 11 summarizes the composition of all streetscape garbage receptacles sampled in this study.

Figure 11 – Streetscape Garbage Composition

Pet waste represented approximately half of the material by weight in the streetscape receptacles audited, however the presence of pet waste is highly dependent on whether or not the receptacle is located near dog-walking areas. Pet waste also tends to have a relatively high density compared to other items found in streetscape receptacles, and would typically not compose a large proportion by volume. The next most prevalent material types were compostable material (19%) and recyclable containers (13%). Only 6% of the material found in streetscape garbage receptacles was determined to be not readily divertible.

Pet Waste49%

Garbage6%

Compostable Material19%

Depot3%

Recyclable Paper10%

Recyclable Containers13%



It was noted during the audit of the streetscape waste that illegally dumped household waste was prevalent in the garbage and organics bins. This was mostly contained within single-use plastic bags. Most of the illegally dumped house waste found in streetscape waste contained items that had strong odours, such as expired food (especially meat), diapers and household hazardous waste. Table 18 summarizes the percentage of household waste found each stream, relative to the total weight of the samples for each type of streetscape sample.

Table 15 – Percent of Household Waste Found in Each Stream

Sample Type Garbage Paper Containers Organics Single Stream Recycling

Total Weight Sampled (kg) 985.2 81.4 29.2 20.5 40.0

Percent Contamination 11.9% 0.0% 0.0% 12.4% 0.0%

Garbage bins that had no organics associated with them contained 17.5% organic material by mass, while bins with organic bins associated with them had 14.6% organic material, a difference of 2.9%. Table 16 summarizes the composition of the different streetscape recycling streams sampled. It is difficult to draw conclusions between different recycling streams and bin configurations as the type of material disposed of in a specific receptacle is highly location dependent. For example, configurations including organics receptacles are likely located in areas where high volumes of organics are expected to be generated and therefore cannot necessarily be compared to locations without organics receptacles. Additional factors such as the age of the program, bin design, and program communication, such as signage, can also influence how accurately the materials are deposited.

Table 16 - Streetscape Recycling Composition

Streetscape bins for the paper stream yielded the highest proportion of targeted materials with 92% of the composition consisting of recyclable paper and only 8% consisting of improperly sorted items or contamination. Levels of contamination in single-stream recycling and containers bins ranged from 18% to 47%, depending on location and configuration. In organics bins, only 45% of the audited contents

Stream Composition1

Streetscape Recycling Stream

Configuration 1 Configuration 2 Configuration 3

Single-Stream Recycling Paper Containers Single- Stream

Recycling Organics

Weight % Weight % Weight % Weight % Weight %

Beverage Deposit 48% 1% 23% 6% 3%

Containers 25% 2% 42% 33% 28%

Paper 9% 92% 12% 13% 16%

Organics 7% 3% 11% 26% 45%

Garbage 11% 2% 13% 21% 8%

Total 100% 100%2 100% 100% 100%



contained organics, with 47% of the bin composed of recyclable material (31 % containers/beverage deposit and 16% paper) and 8% containing garbage. Figure 12 presents the different streetscape recycling bin types and the percentage of acceptable/contaminated material found in each stream. For this analysis, single-stream recyclables with and without adjacent organics receptacles are presented together:

Figure 12 – Streetscape Bin Contamination

62%65%

92%

45%

12%

3%

38%

23%

5%

55%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Single-Stream Recycling Containers Paper Organics

Wei

ght

Per

cen

tage

(%

)

% Contamination

% ImproperlySorted

% AcceptableMaterial



6.0 Limitations and Sources of Error Small discrepancies between the total sample mass and the sum of the sorted category masses can occur at the end of sorting a sample. Sample material falling to the floor and changes in moisture content during the sort would result in a sorted category mass that was different than the total sample mass. Additionally, errors in the recording of field data are possible reasons for the sum of the category masses being different from the total sample mass. Such errors were minor and are controlled by our QA/QC procedures for error checking the data. Midway during the Study, additional categories were included for the single-use items (SUIs) count, therefore the data analysis was limited for the additional categories of SUIs. The data for SUI were analyzed prior to the new categories being added and after the additional categories were included caused the overall data to be skewed.

7.0 Closure and Professional Statement TRI Environmental Consulting prepared the foregoing report for the exclusive use and information of Metro Vancouver. The information and data were collected and compiled in accordance with the general level of care and skill normally exercised by environmental science and engineering professionals practicing under similar circumstances. During the preparation of this report, TRI has relied on reports, data, studies, specifications, documents and other information provided by others. TRI has taken care to verify the information provided where possible but makes no warranty as to the accuracy of the reports, data, studies, specifications, documents and other information prepared by others and accepts no responsibility for information contained in them. Any use by a third party of the foregoing report, or any reliance upon or decisions made by a third party based upon them, are the sole responsibility of such third parties. TRI Environmental Consulting accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions taken based on the foregoing report.

`


APPENDICES

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APPENDIX I WEIGHTED AVERAGE – ALL CATEGORIES AND SECTORS

`


Appendix I: Weighted Average – All Categories and Sectors (Transfer Station)

Material Category Regional SF MF C/I DO

Fine, Office, Envelopes

Junk Mail, Flyers, Unaddressed Mail 0.3% 0.7% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0%

Other Fine Office Paper to Envelopes 1.7% 1.5% 2.1% 2.0% 0.2%

Newsprint 1.0% 0.7% 1.8% 0.9% 0.0%

OCC

Clean Recyclable OCC 1.8% 0.5% 0.4% 3.1% 1.7%

Waxed OCC 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%

Other Soiled OC 2.4% 1.3% 1.9% 4.0% 0.0%

Boxboard 1.4% 1.7% 2.0% 1.2% 0.5%

Bond Paper Products

Telephone Books 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0%

Magazines 0.3% 0.7% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0%

Books 0.8% 0.6% 2.2% 0.4% 0.1%

Beverage Containers - Gabletop/ Drink box/ Aseptic

Dairy or Dairy Substitute 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

Non-dairy/Deposit 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

Other Paper

Single-Use Cups - Hot 0.4% 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.0%

Single-Use Cups - Cold 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%

Single-Use Cups - Compostable 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Single-Use Straws 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Compostable Takeout Containers 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

Non-Compostable Takeout Containers 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0%

Retail Carryout Bags 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0%

Other Recyclable Paper 1.0% 0.7% 0.7% 1.6% 0.2%

Other Compostable Paper 4.4% 7.1% 7.0% 3.3% 0.2%

Non-Compostable, non-recyclable paper 1.8% 0.7% 0.9% 3.3% 0.0%

Total Paper 18.1% 17.3% 21.4% 21.6% 3.0%

Film Re-Used Retail & Grocery Bags 0.6% 1.2% 1.2% 0.2% 0.0%

Empty Retail & Grocery Bags 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0%

Consumable Packaging Bags and Film 2.5% 4.7% 3.8% 1.7% 0.1%

`



Garbage Bags Sandwich /Freezer Bags 1.2% 1.1% 1.6% 1.3% 0.2%

Freezer Bags 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0%

Deposit Beverage Pouches 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other Plastic Film 2.2% 1.0% 1.6% 3.6% 0.4%

Textiles (Synthetic) Clothing and Accessories 1.6% 2.2% 2.2% 1.3% 1.1%

Household 1.6% 3.0% 2.6% 0.8% 0.4%

Other 1.0% 0.8% 1.0% 1.2% 0.6%

Rigid Beverage Containers Dairy or Dairy Substitute 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Deposit Containers - Water 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0%

Deposit Containers - Other 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Single Serving Cups 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0%

Other 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Rigid Non-Beverage Containers #1 PETE - Bottles and Jars 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0%

#1 PETE - Other Packaging 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0%

#2 HDPE - Bottles and Jars 0.3% 0.2% 0.5% 0.3% 0.0%

#2 HDPE - Tubs and Lids 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2%

#3 PVC 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

#4 LDPE 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

#5 PP 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2%

#6 PS - Non-Foam 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

#6 PS - Packing Foam 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0%

#6 PS - Foam Cups 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

#6 PS - Foam Takeout Containers 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%

#6 PS - Foam Foodware 0.3% 0.6% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0%

#6 PS - Other PS Foam 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%

Other Foam 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

#7 Mixed Resin Plastic 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%

Uncoded Packaging/Containers 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0%

`



Single-Use Takeout Containers 0.3% 0.6% 0.6% 0.1% 0.0%

Other Durable Plastic Products 2.7% 2.7% 2.5% 2.6% 2.9%

Straws 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Utensils 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%

Coffee Pods 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

Other/Mixed Plastics 0.2% 0.2% 0.6% 0.1% 0.0%

Total Plastic 16.4% 21.6% 21.7% 14.6% 6.4%

Foodware

Cups 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Takeout Containers 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Film Retail Carryout Bags 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Bags and Liners 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other Compostable Products and Packaging

Packaging, Bottles 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Compostable Products and Packaging 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Yard and Garden Small Yard Waste 4.1% 2.3% 6.5% 3.2% 4.8%

Large Yard Waste 0.5% 0.0% 0.5% 0.8% 0.0%

Food waste Unavoidable Food Waste 6.6% 9.5% 7.7% 7.1% 0.1%

Plate Scrapings, Unfinished Meals 2.7% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 0.1%

Whole Fruits and Vegetables 1.5% 1.9% 3.5% 0.7% 0.1%

Whole Meats, Fish 0.8% 0.4% 1.1% 1.0% 0.0%

Full/Unused Ready-Made 0.8% 1.5% 0.8% 0.9% 0.0%

Baked goods 0.9% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 0.0%


Liquids (drink, oil in package) 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0%

Candy and snacks 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

Condiments and sauces 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0%

Pet Food 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

`



Clean Wood Wood Pallets 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 5.3% 0.0%

Unfinished Wood Furniture 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0%

Food Service 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%

Other Wood 4.9% 2.7% 0.3% 7.7% 6.8%

Other Compostable Organics Manure, Slaughterhouse, Animal 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Compostable Organics 26.0% 23.1% 25.8% 32.0% 11.9%

Treated or Painted Wood Pressure Treated Wood 4.5% 1.1% 0.2% 2.7% 21.1%

Finished Wood 8.4% 2.6% 3.3% 9.7% 20.6%

Finished wood Furniture 1.4% 0.5% 0.0% 0.9% 6.4%

Textiles Natural Fiber Clothing 0.2% 0.0% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2%

Household 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.9%

Other 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Rubber Tires 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other Rubber 1.1% 1.2% 0.4% 1.7% 0.5%

Leather/ Multiple/ Composite Organic Materials Other

Leather 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

Composite Organics Materials (shoes) 0.3% 0.7% 0.7% 0.1% 0.0%

Other 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Non-Compostable Organics 16.4% 6.6% 5.6% 15.3% 49.7%

Ferrous

Food Containers 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.0%

Spiral-Wound Containers 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other Ferrous 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1%

Bimetallic Food Containers 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Non-Ferrous (copper, aluminum, brass) Alcoholic 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Non-alcoholic 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

Food Containers 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%

Foil Trays, wrap 0.3% 0.8% 0.5% 0.1% 0.0%

Other Non-Ferrous 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0%

`



Non-consumable Mixed Metals Household 2.1% 1.2% 2.4% 2.0% 3.1%

Machine parts 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0%

Construction/Industrial 0.6% 0.0% 1.1% 0.5% 0.6%

Total Metals 3.8% 3.1% 4.8% 3.6% 3.8%

Beverage Containers

Beer 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

Other Alcohol 0.1% 0.0% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0%

Non-Alcoholic & Non-Dairy 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%


Food Containers 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%

Other Glass and Ceramics 2.1% 1.6% 0.8% 1.8% 5.4%

Total Glass 2.4% 1.9% 1.7% 1.9% 5.4%

Gypsum/Drywall 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.7% 0.5%

Masonry 0.6% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 4.1%

Rock, Sand, Dirt 0.4% 1.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.0%

Rigid Asphalt 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 1.7% 0.0%

Carpet Waste 1.9% 0.8% 0.8% 1.5% 6.2%

Other Inorganics 1.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.9% 5.4%

Total Building Material 5.6% 3.1% 1.9% 5.2% 16.2%

Computer and Peripherals Desktop Computers 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Notebook computers 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Computer Peripherals 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%

Computer Monitors 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%

Printers, Scanners 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Televisions & Av Equipment Televisions 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other Audio/video 0.3% 0.0% 0.8% 0.1% 0.0%

Telephones & Telecommunications Equipment

Mobile Phones & Accessories 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%

`



Small Appliances & Floor Care Appliances

0.3% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0.1%

Electronic Toys 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Smoke Detectors 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other Electronics 0.3% 0.1% 0.7% 0.1% 0.1%

Total Electronic Waste 1.0% 1.0% 2.0% 0.7% 0.3%

Batteries Lead Acid 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%

All Other Batteries 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Medical/Biological Sharps 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Animal Carcass 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 0.2% 0.0% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0%

HHW Stains/Preservatives 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%

Latex Paint 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Oil-Based Paint 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Paint Aerosols 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Solvents 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

Cleaners, Soaps etc. 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Pesticides/Herbicides/Preservatives 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%

Motor Oil 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Oil Filters 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Antifreeze 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Pharmaceuticals 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other Petroleum Based Products 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0%

Mercury Containing Items Thermostats and Switches 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

CFLS 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

Other HHW Other HHW or Containers 0.3% 0.1% 0.5% 0.4% 0.0%

Total Household Hazardous 0.9% 0.8% 1.2% 1.0% 0.2%

`



Biological Diapers 3.7% 9.9% 5.6% 1.3% 0.0%

Pet Waste 2.1% 5.3% 3.5% 0.7% 0.0%

Other (sanitary products, condoms) 1.6% 2.7% 2.6% 1.0% 0.0%

Liquid Product Personal Care 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Household Hygiene 7.4% 18.2% 11.9% 3.0% 0.0%

White Goods Large Appliances 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Furniture

Mattresses, Box springs 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7%

Other Upholstered Furniture 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.5%

Other Furniture 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%

Total Bulky Items 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 3.2%

Fines 1.5% 3.2% 2.1% 0.9% 0.0%

Total Fines 1.5% 3.2% 2.1% 0.9% 0.0%

`


Appendix II: Weighted Average – All Categories and Streams (Streetscape)

Material Categories Total Garbage Paper Containers Organics Single-Stream

Recycling

Refundable Deposit 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.7% 0.0% 0.1%

Recyclable Foodware

Single-use - hot cups 3.6% 3.4% 0.8% 13.9% 6.8% 6.7%

Single-use - cold cups 0.7% 0.6% 0.1% 3.8% 0.1% 3.5%

Single-use - take out containers 1.3% 1.2% 0.7% 0.7% 4.6% 4.9%

Other Recyclable Paper Single-use - bags 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.3% 4.3% 0.6%

Other 14.4% 8.3% 91.3% 11.1% 9.1% 9.8%

Compostable Foodware

Single-use –take out containers 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Single-use – hot cups 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Single-use - straws 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%

Other Compostable Paper 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 1.2% 5.9%

Other/Non-Recycle BC Foodware 0.6% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 2.3% 1.0%

Other/Non-Recycle BC 0.1% 0.1% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Paper 22.5% 15.5% 95.2% 31.0% 28.4% 32.8%


Rigid Foodware

Single-use cold cups 1.5% 1.1% 0.3% 15.8% 1.9% 3.9%

Single-use take-out containers 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3%

Other 1.3% 1.1% 0.2% 3.6% 1.7% 7.1%

Rigid Packaging 0.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.8% 0.3% 0.1%

Styrofoam Foodware

Single-use – hot or cups 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%


Other 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9%

Styrofoam Packaging 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.2%

Flexible Film Packaging Single-use - plastic bags 0.5% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 1.4%

`



Recycling

Other 0.4% 0.4% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 1.9%

Flexible Film Products and Other Plastic Packaging (Non-PPP) 2.4% 2.6% 0.1% 0.8% 0.3% 5.0%

Durable Products

Single-use - straws 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.8% 0.2% 0.5%

Single-use - utensils 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3%

Other 1.6% 1.5% 0.5% 8.1% 0.8% 3.5%

Synthetic Textiles 0.9% 1.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Plastic 11.4% 10.8% 1.7% 35.5% 6.6% 32.2%


Recyclable 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 1.9% 0.1% 0.9%


Total Metal 1.1% 0.9% 0.0% 8.1% 0.1% 3.8%


Recyclable 1.0% 0.8% 0.0% 1.5% 12.3% 3.5%


Total Glass 3.3% 2.5% 0.6% 13.2% 15.1% 16.4%

Foodware, Film

Single-use - cold cups 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%


Single-use - plastic bags 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Single -use - utensils 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Compostable Plastic 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Food 13.3% 14.2% 1.9% 5.4% 41.2% 5.8%

Other Compostable Organics 2.8% 3.0% 0.5% 2.6% 2.3% 2.7%

Yard Waste 0.8% 0.7% 0.0% 2.3% 0.0% 2.7%

Clean Wood Single-use items 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.7%

Other 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Dirty and Treated Wood 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Organics 17.1% 18.1% 2.4% 10.4% 43.6% 13.9%

`



Recycling

Natural Textiles 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Non-Compostable Organics 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Building Material 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Building Material 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Electronic Waste 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Electronic Waste 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

EPR Program Materials 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%

Household Hazardous 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%

Personal Hygiene 1.8% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Pet Waste 42.3% 49.6% 0.0% 1.7% 5.6% 0.5%

Household Hygiene 44.2% 51.8% 0.0% 1.7% 5.6% 0.6%

Bulky Objects 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%

Total Bulky Objects 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%

Fines 0.3% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.1%

Total Fines 0.3% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.1%

`


APPENDIX II SELECTED SITE PHOTOS

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Photo 1: Paper – Single-Use Cups – Hot (Category 13)

Photo 2: Paper – Other Compostable Paper (Category 21)

`


Photo 3: Plastic – Consumables Packaging Bags and Film (Category 25)

Photo 4: Plastic – Durable Plastic Products (Category 55)

`


Photo 5: Compostable Organics – Unavoidable Food Waste (Category 68)

Photo 6: Compostable Organics – Other Wood (Category 82)

`


Photo 7: Compostable Organics – Whole Fruits and Vegetables (Category 70)

`


Photo 8: Non-Compostable Organics – Finished Wood (Category 85)

Photo 9: Non-Compostable Organics – Compostable Organic Materials (Shoes) (Category 93)

`


Photo 10: Metals – Food Containers (Category 95)

Photo 11: Metals – Household (Category 104)

`


Photo 12: Glass – Food Containers (Category 111)

Photo 13: Building Material – Gypsum/Drywall (Category 112)

`


Photo 14: Building Material – Carpet Waste (Category 116)

Photo 15: Electronic Waste – Computer Peripherals (Category 120)

`


Photo 16: Household Hazardous – All Other Batteries (Category 132)

Photo 17: Household Hygiene: Diapers (Category 152)

`


Photo 18: Bulky Items – Other Furniture (Category 159)

`


Photo 19: Streetscape Paper – Single-Use – Cold Cups (Category 3)

Photo 20: Streetscape Paper – Other/Non-Recycle BC Foodware (Category 12)

`


Photo 21: Streetscape Plastic – Single-Use Cold Cups (Category 15)

Photo 22: Streetscape Plastic: Single-Use – Straws (Category 26)

`


Photo 23: Streetscape Organics – Food (Category 40)

Photo 24: Streetscape Household Hygiene – Pet Waste (Category 53)

`


Photo 24: Streetscape – Bagged Household Waste (Category 56)

`


Photo 25: Single-Use Items: Takeout Containers

`


Photo 26: Single-Use Items: Coffee Cups

`


APPENDIX III MATERIAL CATEGORIES


Appendix III - Transfer Station Based SF, DO, MF and C/I Material Categories No. Primary Secondary Tertiary/Quaternary Additional Comments

1 Paper Fine, Office, Envelopes Junk Mail, Flyers, Unaddressed Mail

2 Other Fine Office Paper or Envelopes

3 Newsprint Newsprint

4 OCC Clean Recyclable OCC

5 Waxed OCC Non-recyclable, compostable

6 Other Soiled OCC Contaminated with food/blood/grease, dirty pizza boxes

7 Boxboard Cereal Boxes and Other Box Packaging

8 Bound Paper Products Telephone Books

9 Magazines

10 Books

11 Beverage Containers – Gabletop/Drink Box/Aseptic

Dairy or Dairy Substitute

12 Non-Dairy/Deposit

13 Other Paper Single-Use Cups - Hot Coffee, tea, drinks, etc., not including compostable

14 Single-Use Cups - Cold Fountain drinks, slurpees etc.

15 Single-Use Cups - Compostable

16 Single-Use Straws

17 Compostable Takeout Containers

Fibre based to-go containers

18 Non-Compostable Takeout Containers

Fibre based to-go containers - coated

19 Retail Carryout Bags Grocery bags

20 Other Recyclable Paper Kraft paper, moulded pulp, recyclable polycoat containers

21 Other Compostable Paper paper plates, tissue paper, towelling, etc.

22 Non-compostable, non- recyclable paper

Tar paper, laminated paper. Coated paper etc.

23 Plastic

Film Re-Used Retail & Grocery Bags Re-used as kitchen catchers: HDPE & LDPE retail and grocery carry out plastic bags containing waste e.g. household or for containing recyclables or organics

24 Empty Retail & Grocery Bags Empty: HDPE and LDPE retail and grocery carryout bags that have not been reused


No. Primary Secondary Tertiary/Quaternary Additional Comments

25 Consumables Packaging Bags and Film

Dry cleaning bags, bread bags, frozen food bags, milk bags, toilet paper and toweling over-wrap, lawn seed, soil, peat moss, fertilizer, multi-layer plastic films; meat, poultry and fish wrap; vacuum sealed bacon; luncheon meat and cheese; cereal liners; chip bags and other snack food bags; candy wraps; pasta bags; boil in a bag; plastic based food pouches; bubble wrap; cling wrap; etc.

26 Garbage Bags Sandwich/Freezer Bags

HDPE & LDPE garbage bags, kitchen catchers, blue or clear bags for recyclables

27 Freezer Bags HDPE & LDPE sandwich, freezer bags, ziplocs and other food use bags

28 Deposit Beverage Pouches

29 Other Plastic Film Pallet/distribution wrap and lumber wrap (nonwoven), tarps, other plastic film

30 Textiles (Synthetic) Clothing and accessories Wearable or formerly wearable, potentially donatable

31 Household Linens, blankets etc.

32 Other All other textiles (e.g., filter fabric, artificial turf)

33 Rigid Beverage Containers Dairy or Dairy Substitute

34 Deposit Containers – Water Water Bottles

35 Deposit Containers – Other All other deposit beverage bottles: juice, pop, alcohol

36 Single Serving Cups PE, PS, coffee, tea, drinks, etc.

37 Other Non-deposit juice, water or pop containers

38 Rigid (non-beverage) # 1 PETE – Bottles and Jars Other Bottles and Jars: #1, cooking oil, peanut butter, dish soap, mouthwash, etc. (excluding bottles that contained HHW)

39 #1 PETE – Other Packaging Other Packaging: #1, bakery, clamshells, trays, ovenable trays, egg cartons

40 #2 HDPE – Bottles and Jugs Other Bottles and Jugs: #2, laundry soap, shampoo, windshield washer fluid, etc. (excluding bottles that contained HHW)

41 #2 HDPE – Tubs and Lids Wide mouth tubs and lids, dairy tubs, pails, lawn, garden, pool supplies, kitty litter, etc.



42 #3 PVC Bottles and Jars: #3 bottles and jars, lotions, soaps, bug repellents, shampoos, etc.

43 #4 LDPE

Wide mouth tubs and lids, dairy tubs, etc.

44 #5 PP Wide mouth tubs and lids, dairy tubs, pails, lawn, garden, pool supplies, kitty litter, etc.

45 #6 PS – Non-Foam #6 PS (non-foam), trays, clamshells, lids, pill and vitamin bottles, seedling trays, etc.

46 #6 PS – Packing Foam #6 PS (foam) EPS used to protect boxed products such as TVs, electronics etc.

47 #6 PS – Foam Cups Cups

48 #6 PS - Foam Takeout Containers

Takeout containers

49 #6 PS – Foam Foodware Foam meat/food packaging

50 #6 PS – Other PS Foam Packaging peanuts, seedling trays, other EPS

51 Other Foam Non-EPS Foam

52 #7 Mixed Resin Plastic Food containers, mustard, ketchup and some juices

53 Uncoded Packaging/Containers Blister packaging, tubes for pharmaceutical & health care/cosmetic products, plant pots, unmarked/coded packaging, etc.

54 Single-Use Takeout Containers Clamshells, plastic non-foam, non- compostable containers used for takeout (most likely #1 PETE but possibly others)

55 Other Durable Plastic Products Non-packaging such as VCR tapes, CDs, toys, games, plant pots, Tupperware, furniture, siding, plumbing pipes, etc.

56 Straws

57 Utensils

58 Coffee Pods

59 Other/Mixed Plastics

60 Compostable Products and Packaging

Foodware Cups

61

Takeout Containers

62

Other Compostable cutlery, straws or other

63 Film Retail carryout Compostable grocery or other retail carryout



64

Bags and Liners Compostable kitchen catcher bags, tote liners, overwrap, etc.

65 Other Compostable Products and Packaging

Packaging, Bottles Bags, pop bottles, water bottles, or other compostable packaging

66 Compostable Organics

Yard & Garden Small Yard Waste Small yard waste (leaves, branches, brush, grass clippings, wood chips, plant material, potting soil, peat, etc.)

67 Large Yard Waste Other large yard wastes (branches, etc. over 15 cm dia. or 1 m long)

Food Waste Unavoidable Food Waste Unavoidable food waste arising from food/drink preparation (bones, egg

68

shells, tea bags, peels, oil, fats)

69 Plate Scrapings, Unfinished Meals

70 Whole Fruits and Vegetables

71 Whole Meats, Fish

72 Full/Unused Ready-Made Packaged items, canned foods,

73 Baked Goods

74 Dairy Yogurt, cheese, butter

75 Liquids (drinks, oil in package)

76 Candy and snacks Chips, candy, nuts

77 Condiments and sauces Condiments, pasta sauce, salsa in container

78 Pet food

79 Clean Wood Wood Pallets Unpainted, untreated

80 Unfinished Wood Furniture No composites

81 Food service Chopsticks, stir sticks, wood utensils

82 Other Wood Mixed/dimensional lumber, rotting wood - unpainted, untreated

83 Other Compostable Organics

Manure, Slaughterhouse, Animals

Manure, animals prepared for food

84 Non- Compostable Organics

Treated or Painted Wood Pressure Treated Wood Treated lumber, shingles, decking etc.

85 Finished Wood Flooring, panelling, siding, glued particle board, plywood, OSB - painted, stained or finished

86 Finished Wood Furniture Not multi-material

87 Textiles Natural Fiber Clothing



88 Household Drapes, blankets and linens, towels, sheets, tablecloths, stuffed toys

89 Other Drop cloths,

90 Rubber Tires

91 Other Rubber Gloves

92 Leather / Multiple/Composite Organic Materials Other

Leather Jackets, purses, belts

93 Composite Organic Materials (shoes)

Including leather footwear

94 Other Wax and other non-compostable materials

95 Metals Ferrous Food Containers

96 Spiral-Wound Containers Frozen juice containers, coffee cans, chip and nut containers

97 Other Ferrous

98 Bimetallic Food Containers

99 Non-Ferrous (copper, aluminum, brass)

Alcoholic

100 Non-Alcoholic

101 Food Containers

102 Foil Trays, Wrap

103 Other Non-Ferrous

104 Non-Consumable Mixed Metals

Household Kitchen & bathroom fixtures, coat hangers, other metal fixtures, closet doors, filing cabinets, furnishings, etc.

105 Machine Parts Auto parts, electric motors, bicycles and parts, lawn mowers, etc.

106 Construction/Industrial Nails, screws, handheld tools, drywall trim, flashing, baseboard heaters, industrial doors, panels, etc.

107 Glass Beverage Containers Beer

108 Other Alcohol

109 Non-Alcoholic & Non-Dairy

110 Dairy or Dairy Substitute

111 Food Containers Food Containers

112 Other Glass and Ceramics Other Glass and Ceramics Dishware, mirrors, incandescent light bulbs, fibreglass insulation, plant pots, coffee cups

113 Building Material

Gypsum / Drywall Gypsum/Drywall

114 Masonry Masonry

115 Rock, Sand, Dirt Rock, Sand, Dirt

116 Rigid Asphalt Rigid Asphalt



117 Carpet Waste Carpet Waste

118 Other Inorganics Other Inorganics Insulation, Linoleum, Laminate, Stucco etc.

119 Electronic Waste

Computers and Peripherals Desktop Computers

120 Notebook Computers

121 Computer Peripherals Including keyboard, mouse, cables, modems, routers and external hardware other than below

122 Computer Monitors

123 Printers, Scanners

124 Televisions & AV Equipment Televisions

125 Other Audio/Video

126 Telephones & Telecommunications Equipment

Mobile Phones & Accessories

127 Other Landline phones and accessories, fax machines

128 Small Appliances & Floor Care Appliances

Small Appliances & Floor Care Appliances

Microwaves, toasters, vacuum cleaners, coffee makers, corded and cordless, etc.

129 Electronic Toys Electronic Toys

130 Smoke Detectors Smoke Detectors

131 Other Electronics Other Electronics

132 Household Hazardous

Batteries Lead Acid Car, truck, boat, wheelchair, golf cart batteries over 2 kg under BCBCP Stewardship Program

133 All Other Batteries All types of Rechargeable and Non-Rechargeable Batteries Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, Li-ion and Small Pb under 1 kg, Dry cell, alkaline, copper top, button cell and other household batteries

134 Medical/Biological Sharps Needles

135 Animal Carcass

136 Other Bandages, IV bags, etc.

137 HHW Stains/Preservatives

138 Latex Paint

139 Oil-Based Paint

140 Paint Aerosols

141 Solvents

142 Cleaners, Soaps etc.

143 Pesticides/Herbicides/Prese rvatives

With PCP Reg. #

144 Motor Oil



145 Oil Filters

146 Antifreeze

147 Pharmaceuticals

148 Other Petroleum Based Products

149 Other

150 Mercury Containing Items Thermostats and Switches

151 CFLs

152 Other HHW Other HHW or Containers

153 Household Hygiene

Biological Diapers

154 Pet Waste Animal feces, bedding, cat litter

155 Other (sanitary products, condoms)

Sanitary napkins, tampons, condoms

156 Liquid Product Personal Care Full shampoo bottles, beauty products, creams, etc.

157 Bulky Objects White Goods Large Appliances

158 Furniture Mattresses, Box Springs

159 Other Upholstered Furniture

160 Other Furniture Multi-material furniture (e.g. plastic, metal, small amount wood)

161 Fines Fines Fines Items too small to classify efficiently (e.g. bread tabs, twist ties, typically <1")


STREETSCAPE MATERIAL CATEGORIES # Primary Secondary Tertiary Description

1 Paper

Refundable Deposit tetrapaks, bottle deposit

2 Recyclable Foodware Single-use - hot cups coffee cups

3 Single-use - cold cups fountain drink and waxed cups

4 Single-use - take out containers

polycoat food containers

5 Other Recyclable Paper Single-use - bags retail carry out bags (e.g., grocery or other retail paper bags)

6 Other fine, office, newspaper, cardboard, kraft paper, moulded pulp

7 Compostable Foodware Single-use –take out containers

take-out containers

8 Single-use – hot cups Coffee cups

9 Single-use - straws Paper straws

10 Other Other compostable foodware (non- single-use)

11 Other Compostable Paper food-soiled paper, paper towels, waxed paper

12 Other/Non-Recycle BC Foodware non-recyclable foodware (e.g., foil lined, composite paper)

13 Other/Non-Recycle BC books, tar paper, composites

14 Plastic Refundable Deposit beverage container or deposit

15 Rigid Foodware Single-use cold cups #1-7 or uncoded single-use drink cups, excludes styrofoam

16 Single-use take-out containers

#1-7 or uncoded single-use take-out containers, excludes styrofoam

17 Other #1-7 or uncoded containers and cups used for food service or take-out

18 Rigid Packaging #1-7, uncoded, excludes styrofoam

19 Styrofoam Foodware Single-use – hot or cups coffee cups, smoothie cups


Single-use take out containers


# Primary Secondary Tertiary Description

21 Other egg cartons, meat trays

22 Styrofoam Packaging styrofoam

23 Flexible Film Packaging Single-use - plastic bags grocery and retail carry-out bags

24 Other # 2 HDPE & # 4 LDPE film, dry cleaning bags, bread bags, frozen food bags, milk bags, toilet paper and paper towel over-wrap, lawn seed bags

25 Flexible Film Products and Other Plastic Packaging (Non-PPP)

non-packaging such as Garbage bags, kitchen catchers, Ziploc bags, tarps, pallet wrap, laminated plastic film - chip bags, vacuum sealed bags, cereal liners, candy wraps, pasta bags, boil in a bag, food pouches, film plastic other than # 2 HDPE and # 4 LDPE including PLA, PHA, PHB plastic packaging, PE foam packaging, blister packaging

26 Durable Products Single-use - straws straws

27 Single-use - utensils cutlery such as forks, spoons, knives

28 Other non-packaging such as tapes, toys, household objects

29 Synthetic Textiles polyester, fleece, goretex

30 Metal Refundable Deposit bottle deposit metal

31 Recyclable metal containers

32 Other/Non-Recycle BC metal objects

33 Glass Refundable Deposit bottle deposit glass

34 Recyclable glass containers

35 Other/Non-Recycle BC glass and ceramic objects

36 Compostable Plastic/PLA

Foodware, Film Single-use - cold cups Certified compostable or biodegradable cold drink cups


Certified compostable or biodegradable take out containers

38 Single-use - plastic bags certified compostable or biodegradable retail carry-out bags

39 Single -use - utensils certified compostable or biodegradable cutlery, including forks, spoons, knives


# Primary Secondary Tertiary Description

40 Organics Food food that could have been eaten, peelings, bones, coffee grounds, shells

41 Yard Waste leaves, branches, grass trimmings

42 Liquids remaining liquids found in non- hazardous waste containers

43 Clean Wood Single-use items chopsticks, stir sticks, utensils

44 Other pallets, plywood (no paint, no treatment, compostable)

45 Dirty and Treated Wood plywood, gluelam, flakeboard, stained or painted wood - co-gen

46 Non- Compostable Organics

Natural Textiles clothing, linens

47 Other leather, rubber, wax - non-clothing, non-hygiene

48 Building Material

Building Material construction material - carpet, gypsum, asphalt, insulation, aggregate

49 Electronic Waste

Electronic Waste anything with a cord or battery operated

50 Household Hazardous

EPR Program Materials batteries, products, mercury containing, paints, oil

51 Other sharps, glues, caulking

52 Household Hygiene

Personal Hygiene diapers, hygiene products, personal care

53 Pet Waste pet waste

54 Bulky Objects Bulky Objects furniture, appliances, mattresses

55 Fines Fines <1" size

56 Bagged Household Waste

Bagged Household Waste Illegally dumped items: typically, small tied bags containing household items that would clearly not be generated in a park or on the street (e.g. diapers, bag of kitchen or bathroom waste)

2018 waste composition monitoring rogram metro … · the largest components of the waste...

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