2018 international mock board exam coalition

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2018 International Mock Board Exam Coalition

West Coast (Southern CA)

City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute Duarte, CA

3/10/18

West Coast (Northern CA)

UC Davis Davis, CA

3/24/18

Midwest (MN) Mayo Clinic and University of Minnesota Rochester, MN

4/7/18

Midwest (MI) University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI

4/13/18

Pacific Northwest Oregon National Primate Center Beaverton, OR

4/14/18

Northeast (NY) Tri-Institutional Training Program New York, NY

4/20/18

Mid-Atlantic (MD) Fort Detrick Fort Detrick, MD

5/8/18

Southeast (NC) NCSU Veterinary School Raleigh, NC

5/20/18

Midwest (CO) Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO

5/25/18

Southeast (GA) Yerkes National Primate Research Center Atlanta, GA

6/8/18

Asia Singapore

6/23/18

Europe Mock ECLAM Exam

Stockholm, Sweden 6/29/18

Written Section – 230 Questions Referenced Answers – 85 Pages

This examination is meant to be used as a study tool when preparing for the ACLAM or ECLAM Certifying Examinations. The material presented in this mock examination follows the ACLAM role delineation document, but is not necessarily reflective of the ACLAM or ECLAM Certifying Examinations.

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2018 Exam Contributors

Asia Bryan Emmett Ogden DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator

Ralph M. Bunte DVM, DACVP Michelle Loh, DVM

Jassia Pang DVM, DACLAM Christie Chrisma Domingo Panaligan DVM

Yasmina Paramastri DVM, DACLAM Heng Yee Choy Sharon, DVM

Europe

Michael Wilkinson, DVM, CertLAS, PhD, DipECLAM - Coordinator Janet Rodgers, DVM, DACLAM, DipECLAM - Coordinator

Thea Fleischmann Dr Vet Med, Dipl ECLAM Sergio Berdun Marin DVM, PhD, DiplECLAM Sandra Barbosa Perez DVM, MSc, DiplECLAM

Mid-Atlantic (Maryland)

LTC Sarah Bro, DVM, MPH, DACLAM – Coordinator Patty Chen, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator

Midwest (Colorado)

Erin McWhorter, DVM, MS - Coordinator Jessica Ayers, DVM, DACLAM

Lon Kendall, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Katie Knapek, DVM, MS

Whitney McGee, DVM, PhD James Owiny, DVM, DACLAM

Alexa Personett, DVM Brian Smith, DVM

Midwest (Michigan)

Portia Allen, DVM, MS, DACLAM - Coordinator Patrick Lester DVM, MS, DACLAM - Coordinator

Daniel D. Myers, Jr., DVM, MPH, DACLAM - Coordinator Michael P. Bradley, DVM Kelsey Cornelius, DVM Carolyn Doerning, DVM Samantha Eckley, DVM

Marian Esvelt, DVM Zachary T Freeman, DVM, PhD, DACLAM

Lucy Kennedy, DVM, DACLAM Jennifer Lofgren, DVM, MS, DACLAM

Tara Martin, DVM Jibing Yang, DVM, PhD

Midwest (Minnesota)

Jodi Scholz, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Sarah Hashway, DVM - Coordinator

Northeast (New York)

Christopher Cheleuitte, DVM, PhD - Coordinator Leslie Diaz, MPH, DVM, DACLAM

Catalina Echeverri, DVM

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Northeast (New York) Odessa Giardino, MS, CVT, RLATG

Mariya Gugel, DVM Mandy Kain, MS, DVM

Sean Kelly, DVM Kvin Lertpiriyapong, DVM, PhD, DACLAM

Christine Lieggi, DVM, DACLAM Kathleen Ma, DVM

Heather Martin, DVM, DACLAM Sebastien Monette, DMV, MVSc, PhD, DACVP

Lee-Ronn Paluch, BVSc, DACLAM Rodolfo Ricart, MLAS, DVM, DACLAM

Pacific Northwest

Thea Brabb, DVM, PhD, DACLAM - Coordinator Nick Reyes, DVM, DACLAM - Coordinator

Jennifer Sargent, DVM, MS, DACLAM – Coordinator Jeff Stanton, DVM, MA, DACLAM – Coordinator

Alan Avalos, DVM Isaac Barber-Axthelm, DVM

Melissa Berg, DVM Jourdan Brune, DVM

Cassandra Cullin, DVM John DenHerder, DVM

Jessica Felgenhauer, DVM Terri Iwata, DVM, DACLAM

Jenna Klug, DVM Becky Lovasz, DVM

Stacey Meeker, DVM, DACLAM Lauren Neidig, DVM

Jasmine Streeter, DVM

Southeast (Georgia) Sherrie Jean, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator

Jennifer Wood, DVM, DACLAM

Southeast (North Carolina) Victoria K. Baxter, DVM, PhD, DACLAM – Coordinator

Steven Shipley, DVM, DACLAM - Coordinator Cecile Baccanale, DVM

Dwight Bellinger, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Calvin Carpenter, DVM DACLAM Sheba Churchill, DVM, DACLAM

Jenny Estes, DVM, MS Jeffrey Everitt, DVM, DACLAM, DACVP, FIATP

Craig Fletcher, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Ilana Galex, DVM, MLAS

Jareca Giles, DVM Virginia Godfrey, DVM, PhD, DACVP

Anna Hampton, DVM, DACLAM, DACAW, CPIA Tracy Heenan, DVM, CPIA

Angela King-Herbert, DVM, DACLAM David M. Kurtz, DVM, PhD, DACLAM

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Southeast (North Carolina) Kathy Laber, DVM, MS, DACLAM

Chelsea D. Landon, DVM, PhD Charles Tyler Long, DVM, DACLAM, DABT, CPIA

Gwendolyn McCormick, DVM, MS, DACLAM Marnie Metzler, DVM, PhD

Stephanie Montgomery, DVM, PhD, DACVP Judith Nielsen, DVM, DACLAM Derek Norford, DVM, MS, PhD

Karen Oppelt, DVM Dorcas O’Rourke, DVM, MS, DACLAM

Nicolette Petervary, VMD, DACAW Randall Reynolds, DVM, MS, DACLAM

Allison R. Rogala, DVM, DACLAM Jem Scott-Emuakpor, DVM, MBA, DACLAM

Felicitas Smith, DVM, DACLAM Brittany Southern, DVM

Donna Webb-Wright, DVM Julia W. Whitaker, DVM, MS, DACLAM

Lauren Wimsey, DVM

West Coast (Northern California) Laurie Brignolo, DVM, DACLAM - Coordinator

Stephen Felt, DVM, DACLAM – Coordinator Erin Katz, DVM – Coordinator

Sam Baker, MA, VetMB, DACLAM Rachel Brownlee, DVM

Kathy Heng, DVM Monika Huss, DVM, MS

Marie-Josee Lemoy, DVM, DACLAM Betty Ma DVM, DACLAM

Alexis Mackiewicz, DVM Andrea Moffitt, DVM

Claude Nagamine, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Rhonda Oates DVM, MPVM, DACLAM

Gregory Simonek, DVM Jacob Theil, DVM, MPVM

José G. Vilches-Moure, DVM, PhD, DACVP Amber Rae Williams, DVM

Kacie Woodward, DVM Brian Zude, DVM

West Coast (Southern California)

Trinka Adamson, MS, DVM, DACLAM - Coordinator Ari Aycock-Williams, DVM, DACLAM

Charles Cates, DVM, DACLAM Yvonne Cornejo, DVM

James Finlay, DVM, PhD, DACLAM Leo Holguin, DVM

Melanie Sailor, MLAS, DVM Rose Tu, DVM

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1. Spontaneous development of diabetes mellitus occurs in which of the following species? a. Mesocricetus auratus b. Cricetulus griseus c. Cricetulus migratorius d. Cricetus cricetus e. Phodopus sungorus

Answer: b. Cricetulus griseus References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Biology and Diseases of Hamsters, p. 231.

2) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 3 – Hamster, p. 198.

3) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents, 1st ed. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section IV – Hamsters, Chapter 35 – The Chinese or Striped-back Hamster, p. 912.

Domain 1; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 2. All of the following apply to tricaine methanesulfonate EXCEPT?

a. It is not FDA approved for use as an agent of euthanasia b. It is stable in solution at room temperature for up to 1 week c. Cannot be used in animals intended for human consumption d. Its efficacy can vary markedly between species of fish e. Potency is increased in warm water and decreased in cold water

Answer: b. It is stable in solution at room temperature for up to 1 week References:

1) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, p. 32 (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf)

2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Anesthesia and Restraint of Laboratory Fish, pp. 524-525

3) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Biology and Management of Laboratory Fishes, p. 1075

Domain 2 3. All of the following have been used to model human Zika virus infection EXCEPT?

a. Chicken embryos b. Dogs c. Mice d. Nonhuman primates

Answer: b. Dogs References:

1) Bradley and Nagamine. 2017. Animal models of zika virus. Comparative Medicine 67(3):242-252

2) Colby et al. 2017. Considerations for infectious disease research studies using animals. Comparative Medicine 67(3):222-231

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Domain 3; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris) 4. What hormone, released early during times of stress, results in early metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis tadpoles?

a. Cortisol b. Estrogen c. Follicle stimulating hormone d. Thyroid hormone

Answer: d. Thyroid hormone References: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 - Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 944.

Domain 4; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis) 5. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, which of the following statements best describes housing requirements for Oryctolagus cuniculus?

a. Primary enclosures must be sanitized once every 14 days b. Litter pans or troughs underneath wire/mesh floored enclosures must be cleaned twice

per week c. Minimum height of all enclosures is at least 16 inches d. Indoor housing facilities need not be heated e. Shelter will be provided in outdoor housing facilities when ambient temperature is < 45ºF

Answer d. Indoor housing facilities need not be heated Reference: Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare,

Part 3 – Standards, Subpart C – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Rabbits, §3.51 (a) – Facilities, indoor (1-1-16 Edition, p. 85); §3.52 (c) - Facilities, outdoor (1-1-16 Edition, p. 86); §3.53 (c)(2) - Primary enclosures (1-1-16 Edition, p. 87); and §3.56 (a)(3)(b) Sanitation of enclosures (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 87-88) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

Domain 5; Primary Species - Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 6. Which of the following was formed to improve animal welfare and increase compliance with federal standards while minimizing regulatory burden using an active learning pedagogy to increase the effectiveness of adult education? a. ICARE b. OLAW c. PRIM&R d. SCAW Answer: a. ICARE (Interagency Collaborative Animal Research Education) References:

1) https://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/interagency_icare.htm 2) https://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/mission_statement.htm 3) https://www.primr.org/about/mission/ 4) http://www.scaw.com/about-scaw/

Domain 6 7. Which of the following is currently the recommended test to diagnose LDV infection in mice?

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a. Lymph node PCR b. Plasma LDH enzyme levels c. Plasma PCR d. Serology

Answer: c. Plasma PCR References:

1) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 1 – Mouse, p. 31.

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 83-84.

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 8. What heterogametes are found in male zebra finches? a. XX b. XY c. ZW

d. ZX e. ZZ Answer: e. ZZ Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 23 – Zebra Finches in Biomedical Research, p. 1112.

Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Other Birds 9. Which of the following types of diets best describes the AIN-76 diet for rats?

a. Chemically defined b. Closed formula c. Natural ingredient d. Purified

Answer: d. Purified References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp. 156-157

2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 9 – Nutrition, p. 270-271

Domain 4; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 10. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, the institution is required to keep records of the following EXCEPT?

a. Minutes of IACUC meetings including records of attendance, activities of the

Committee, and Committee deliberations b. OLAW assurance and reports from accrediting agencies c. Proposals submitted to the IACUC d. Semiannual IACUC reports and recommendations

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Answer: b. OLAW assurance and reports from accrediting agencies References:

1) Applied Research Ethics National Association (ARENA) and Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW). 2002. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook. 2nd Edition. OLAW, Bethesda, MD. E.1 Recordkeeping and Reporting, pp. 169-170 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guidebook.pdf)

2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, §2.35 Recordkeeping requirements (a) (1-3) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 63) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

Domain 5 11. Atrial thrombosis is a common finding in aged __________, with thrombi being present primarily in the __________ atrium.

a. Cricetulus migratorius; left b. Cricetus; right c. Mesocricetus auratus; left d. Mesocricetus auratus; right

Answer: c. Mesocricetus auratus; left References:


2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section IV – Hamsters, Chapter 33 – Non-Infectious Diseases, pp. 869-870

Domain 1; Secondary Species – Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) 12. Which drug can be used safely without potentially triggering malignant hyperthermia in certain breeds of domestic swine?

a. Isoflurane b. Pancuronium c. Sevoflurane d. Succinylcholine

Answer: b. Pancuronium References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press. Chapter 16 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, pp. 752-753.

2) Fish R, Danneman P, Brown M, Karas, A, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Academic Press. Chapter 15 – Anesthesia and Analgesia in Swine, pp. 426.

Domain 2; Primary Species – Swine (Sus scrofa) 13. What are the most common complications associated with oral gavage in rodents?

a. Weight loss and gastric ulceration b. Esophageal trauma and gastric ulceration c. Aspiration pneumonia and oropharyngeal perforation

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d. Esophageal trauma and aspiration pneumonia Answer: d. Esophageal trauma and aspiration pneumonia References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 –Techniques of Experimentation, p. 1217

2) Jones et al. 2016. Evaluation of mice undergoing serial oral gavage while awake or anesthetized. JAALAS 55(6):805-810

Domain 3 14. Which of the following IS NOT recommended for regular use as part of a pest management program due to potential toxic effects on research animals?

a. Insect growth regulators b. Glue traps c. Boric acid bait d. Pyrethrum sprays e. Light traps

Answer: d. Pyrethrum sprays References:

1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 - Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 74.

2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Volume 3 - Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models, Chapter 12 - Environmental and Equipment Monitoring, pp. 428-431.

Domain 4 15. A PI used rabbits in an NIH-funded activity deviated from the IACUC protocol by failing to provide analgesia, and the affected animals exhibited more than momentary pain. The IACUC decides that the incident does not warrant protocol suspension, but the PI voluntarily halts animal work until the AV can provide re-training. Which of the following applies to this situation?

a. Above incident must be reported to the USDA b. Decision by the PI to halt the animal work must be reported to the USDA c. Voluntary halting of animal work must be reported to OLAW d. Failure to provide analgesia as described in the protocol, resulting in more than

momentary pain, must be reported to OLAW

Answer: d. Failure to provide analgesia as described in the protocol, resulting in more than momentary pain, must be reported to OLAW References:

1) National Institutes of Health. Guidance on Prompt Reporting to OLAW under the PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Notice NOT-OD-05-034. National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC, 24 February 2005 (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-05-034.html)

2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, §2.31 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (c) IACUC functions (4)(7) (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 57-58) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

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Domain 5; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 16. All of the following apply to LCMV infection in rodents EXCEPT?

a. Mice and hamsters are known to transmit virus b. Mice and rats are susceptible to natural infection c. Natural infection in immunocompetent mice is usually self-limiting and subclinical d. Persistent infection can occur in immunodeficient mice

Answer: b. Mice and rats are susceptible to natural infection References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 84-86; Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp. 176-181; and Chapter 5 – Biology and Diseases of Hamsters, pp. 223-224

2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus, pp. 180, 184-186

3) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section IV – Hamsters, Chapter 31 – Viral Disease, pp. 830-832

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus), Secondary Species – Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), and Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 17. Which of the following would be a good model to generate stem cells and growth factors involved in limb repair and regeneration?

a. Ambystoma mexicanum b. Coturnix japonica c. Cynomys ludovicianus d. Danio rerio e. Monodelphis domestica

Answer: a. Ambystoma mexicanum Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Disease of Amphibians, p. 933

Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Other Amphibians 18. All of the following agencies have regulations that apply to biohazardous waste EXCEPT?

a. DOT b. EPA c. FDA d. OSHA e. NSF

Answer: e. NSF References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 27 – Working Safely with Experimental Animals Exposed to Biohazards, pp. 1305

2) https://www.nsf.gov/about/ Domain 4

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19. According to the 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the minimum cage height for rabbits as measured from the cage floor to the cage top is _____?

a. 12 inches b. 14 inches c. 16 inches d. 18 inches

Answer: c. 16 inches References:

1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3- Environment, Housing and Management, p. 59

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 - Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 421

Domain 5; Primary Species - Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 20. All of the following are the most common tumors identified in female A/J mice EXCEPT?

a. Granulosa cell tumor b. Lipoma c. Myoepthelioma d. Pulmonary adenoma e. Rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer: a. Granulosa cell tumor References:

1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 - Spontaneous Disease on Commonly Used Mouse Strains, pp. 637-638.

2) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 1 – Mouse, pp. 116-118, 120-121.

3) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 135-137.

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 21. Which of the following applies to anesthetized neonatal rodents relative to their adult counterparts?

a. Are more likely to suffer from methoxyflurane hepatoxicity b. Have a decreased susceptibility to hypoglycemia c. Have a decreased susceptibility to hypothermia d. May require a higher concentration of gas anesthetic

Answer: d. May require a higher concentrations of gas anesthetic References:

1) Flecknell P. 2016. Laboratory Animal Anesthesia, 4th edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Special Techniques, pp. 136-137

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2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 1144

3) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Anesthesia and Analgesia for Laboratory Rodents, pp. 255, 278-279 and Chapter 27 – Anaesthesia and Analgesia in the Foetus and Neonate, pp. 603-604

Domain 2 22. Which of the following activity codes from the NIH Grant Program denotes a Development Award designed to support a committed research scientist in need of additional research training/experience and represents a strategy by which a laboratory animal medicine veterinarian could transition from training to independent research in an academic setting?

a. K01 b. R01 c. R25 d. G20 e. F99

Answer: a. K01 References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 35 – Research in Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, p. 1539.

2) NIH Grant Programs Activity Codes. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/ac_search_results.htm

Domain 3 23. According to the 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, provision of how many fresh air changes per hour in animal housing rooms is an acceptable guideline to maintain macroenvironmental air quality by constant volume systems?

a. 8 to 10 b. 10 to 15 c. 15 to 20 d. 20 to 25

Answer: b. 10 to 15 Reference: National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals,

8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 46

Domain 4 24. What is the maximum number of live dogs 8 weeks or older, of comparable size that can be transported in the same primary enclosure by surface vehicle or privately-owned aircraft?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

Answer: d. 4

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Reference: Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart A – Subpart A—Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats §3.14 – Primary enclosures used to transport dogs and cats (g) Transportation by surface vehicle or privately owned aircraft (1) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 130) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

Domain 5; Primary Species – Dogs (Canis familiaris) 25. The first edition of the document that later became the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals was published in which year?

a. 1959 b. 1963 c. 1964 d. 1969

Answer: b. 1963 References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 – Laboratory Animal Medicine: Historical Perspectives, p. 8

2) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Preface, p. xiii.

Domain 6 26. All of the following apply to Syphacia muris in rats EXCEPT?

a. Eggs remain viable at rooms condition for weeks and months b. Gaseous chlorine oxide was not effective ovicidal agent c. Have a direct life-cycle d. Neither cecal examination nor tape test alone reliably predicted infestation e. Result of cecal and tape test did not necessarily coincide

Answer: b. Gaseous chlorine oxide was not effective ovicidal agent References:

1) Meade and Watson. 2014. Characterization of rat pinworm (Syphacia muris) epidemiology as means to increase detection and elimination. JAALAS 53(6):661-667

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto C, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 - Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 182-183

3) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 – Parasitic Diseases, pp. 467-469

4) Baker DG, ed. 2007. Flynn’s Parasites of Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, USA. Chapter 11 – Parasites of Rats and Mice, p. 339

Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 27. All of the following can be used to monitor anesthetic depth in mice during neuromuscular blockade EXCEPT?

a. BIS b. Blood pressure c. Corneal reflex d. End tidal CO2 e. Heart rate

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Answer: c. Corneal reflex References:

1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Monitoring of Anesthesia, pp. 180-181.

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA Chapter 24 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 1143

3) Erickson et al. 2016. Intraperitoneal continuous-rate infusion for the maintenance of anesthesia in laboratory mice (Mus musculus). JAALAS 55(5):548-557

Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 28. Which of the following pathogens is the least likely to be deactivated by bleaching of zebrafish embryos using 25 ppm chlorine? a. Aeromonas hydrophila b. Chilodonella spp. c. Flavobacterium columnare d. Pseudoloma neurophila e. Saprolegnia spp. Answer: d. Pseudoloma neurophila References:

1) Kent et al. 2012. Documented and potential research impacts of subclinical diseases in zebrafish. ILAR Journal 53(2):126-134

2) Murray et al. 2011. Transmission, diagnosis, and recommendations for control of Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio) facilities. Comparative Medicine 61(4):322-329

Domain 4; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio) 29. Which of the following respiratory protection devices is used for protection for respirable dust, smoke, and aqueous fog (aerosols) but does not mitigate chemical or gas exposures?

a. Chemical cartridge/gas mask b. N95 c. Powered air-purifying respirator d. Self-contained breathing apparatus

Answer: b. N95 References:

1) Committee on Occupational Safety and Health in Research Animal Facilities, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council. 1997. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals. National Academy Press, DC. Chapter 4 – Allergens, p. 63

2) https://www.aaalac.org/accreditation/faq_landing.cfm#Respirator Domain 5 30. Atrophic rhinitis is a multifactorial disease in pigs which can be caused by all of the following toxigenic bacterial strains EXCEPT?

a. Bordetella bronchiseptica b. Hemophilus parasuis c. Pasteurella multocida

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d. Streptococcus suis Answer: d. Streptococcus suis Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 - Biology and Diseases of Swine, pp. 717-718, 720-722

Domain 1; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa) 31. What characteristics can affect water quality?

a. Alkalinity, pH, and nitrogenous waste products b. pH, salinity, and bromium content c. Chlorine, phosphorus, and bromium content d. Alkalinity, saline, and enzyme concentration

Answer: a. Alkalinity, pH and nitrogenous waste products Reference: National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals,

8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 78

Domain 4 32. Woodchucks infected with __________ can lead to chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This has proven to be a good model to study human __________ due to the high degree of genetic similarity.

a. Helicobacter marmotae; cirrhosis and secondary neoplasia from alcohol consumption b. Helicobacter marmotae; hepatitis B virus infection c. Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV); cirrhosis and secondary neoplasia from alcohol

consumption d. Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV); hepatitis B virus infection e. Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV); hepatitis C virus infection

Answer: d. Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV); hepatitis B virus infection Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 8 – The Laboratory Woodchuck, pp. 366, 372

Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 33. What method of sterilization has been shown to completely inactivate the causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy?

a. Alcohol b. Alkaline hydrolysis c. Formaldehyde d. Irradiation e. Phenol

Answer: b. Alkaline hydrolysis References:

1) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Section VIII-H: Prion Diseases, pp. 285-287 (https://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/bmbl5_sect_viii.pdf)

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2) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, pp. 73-74

Domain 4 34. How does the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations define a field study?

a. A study performed in a field, excluding invasive procedures b. A study performed in a field, including invasive procedures c. A study of wild animals in their natural habitat, excluding invasive procedures d. A study of wild animals in their natural habitat, including invasive procedures

Answer: c. A study of wild animals in their natural habitat, excluding invasive procedures References:

1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 1 – Definition of Terms, §1.1 Definitions (1-1-16 Edition, p. 35) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

2) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 2 – Animal Care and Use Program, p. 32

Domain 5 35. Which of the following viruses causes a profound hypergammaglobulinemia in ferrets?

a. Coronavirus b. Paramyxovirus c. Parvovirus d. Rhabdovirus

Answer: c. Parvovirus References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 14 - Biology and Diseases of Ferrets, p. 597

2) Quesenberry KE, Carpenter JW, Eds. 2012. Ferrets, Rabbits, and rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery. Elsevier: St. Louis, MO. Chapter 5 – Cardiovascular and Other Diseases, p. 71

Domain 1; Secondary Species – Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) 36. Which member of the Parvoviridae family is frequently used as a viral vector for gene therapy research?

a. Adeno-associated virus b. Feline panleukopenia virus c. Simian virus 40 d. Sindbis virus e. Visna virus

Answer: a. Adeno-associated virus References:

1) Collins et al. 2017. Viral vector biosafety in laboratory animal research. Comparative Medicine 67(3):215-221

2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardiff S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego,

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CA. Chapter 15 – Nervous System Disorders of Nonhuman Primates and Research Models, p. 766

Domain 3 37. All of the following statements apply to Xenopus laevis as a laboratory animal EXCEPT?

a. Adults are larger than adult Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis b. Optimum housing temperature is 24-25ºC c. Lymphatic sac is localized in the caudo-dorsal area d. Minimum water depth recommended for an 11 cm length frog is 10 cm

Answer: b. Its optimum housing temperature is 24-25ºC Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, pp. 944-947

Domain 4; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis) 38. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, necropsy records should be maintained at the facility for at least how long or as otherwise specified in the Animal Welfare Act regulations and standards, and be made available on request to APHIS personnel?

a. 6 months b. 1 year c. 3 years d. 5 years

Answer: b. 1 year Reference: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Care Policy Manual.

Policy # 4: Necropsy Requirements. October 16, 2015. (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/Animal%20Care%20Policy%20Manual

.pdf) Domain 5 39. Testing rack exhaust debris from ventilated racks with unfiltered air flow has failed to reliably detect which rodent agent using PCR analysis?

a. Fur mites b. Helicobacter spp. c. Mouse hepatitis virus d. Mouse norovirus e. Pasteurella pneumotropica

Answer: d. Mouse norovirus Reference: Bauer et al. 2016. Influence of rack design and disease prevalence on detection of

rodent pathogens in exhaust debris samples from individually ventilated caging system. JAALAS 55(6):782-788

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 40. Which of the following agents is an analgesic with both opioid and non-opioid mechanisms of action that has been shown to be effective in both male and female rats?

a. Buprenorphine b. Celecoxib

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c. Physostigmine d. Tramadol

Answer: d. Tramadol References:

1) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 19 – Anesthesia and Analgesia, p. 649

2) Taylor et al. 2016. Analgesic activity of tramadol and buprenorphine after voluntary ingestion by rats (Rattus norvegicus). JAALAS 55(1):74-82

3) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Pharmacology of Injectable Anesthetics, p. 114

Domain 2; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 41. Which of the following is a feature of the endodontic absorbent paper point tear test when it is used in mice?

a. An instrument is required for placement b. Causes eye irritation c. Causes reflexive tearing d. Causes stress e. Endodontic absorbent paper point does not deform

Answer: e. Endodontic absorbent paper point does not deform Reference: Kilie and Kulualp. 2016. Tear production rate in a mouse model of dry eye

according to the phenol red thread and endodontic absorbent paper point tear tests. Comparative Medicine 66(5):367-372

Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 42. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, which of the following exceptions IS NOT required to be included in the annual report?

a. Approval for use of an animal in more than one major operative procedure from which it is allowed to recover on more than one protocol

b. Exemption of an individual NHP from some or all of the environmental enhancement plan c. Extension of interval for cleaning/sanitization of enclosures d. Keeping animals in 24 hour dark cycle

Answer: b. Exemption of an individual NHP from some or all of the environmental enhancement plan References:

1) United States Department of Agriculture. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. 2013. Animal Welfare Inspection Guide. February 2015. Chapter 7 – Research Facility Inspection–IACUC Requirements and Protocols, pp. 7-26 to 7-27. (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/Animal%20Care%20Inspection%20Guide.pdf)

2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.31 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (d)IACUC review of activities involving animals (1) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 58) and §2.38 Miscellaneous (k) Compliance with standards and prohibitions. (1-1-16 Edition, p. 71) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

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3) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart D – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Nonhuman Primates, §3.81 Environment enhancement to promote psychological well-being (e) Exemptions (2) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 176) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

Domain 5 43. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, placement of food on the floor of the enclosure is acceptable for which of the following species?

a. Canis familiaris b. Cavia porcellus c. Mesocricetus auratus d. Oryctolagus cuniculus e. Sus scrofa

Answer: c. Mesocricetus auratus References:


2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart B: Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters, §3.29 Feeding, (d) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 141) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

Domain 5; Secondary Species – Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) 44. Which of the following IS NOT a contributing factor for chronic progressive nephropathy in rats?

a. Dietary restriction b. Male sex c. Old age d. Prolactin levels e. Sprague-Dawley strain

Answer: d. Prolactin levels References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 - Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp. 194-195

2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Metabolic, Traumatic, and Miscellaneous Diseases, pp. 525-526

3) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Rat, p. 157.

Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 45. A defect in which of the following receptor types is responsible for the development of spontaneous atherosclerosis in the WHHL rabbit strain?

a. High-density lipoprotein

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b. Intermediate-density lipoprotein c. Low-density lipoprotein d. Ultra-low-density lipoprotein e. Very-low-density lipoprotein

Answer: c. Low-density lipoprotein Reference: Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster,

and Other Rodents. 2012 Academic Press; San Diego CA. Section II: Rabbits, Chapter 18 – Rabbit As An Experimental Model, p. 534

Domain 3; Primary Species – Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 46. Which of the following disinfectants SHOULD NOT be used for sanitation of amphibian enclosures?

a. Phenolics b. Oxidizing agents c. Quaternary agents d. Steam

Answer: a. Phenolics References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and disease of amphibians, p. 937

2) Green, SL. 2010. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p. 54 Domain 4 47. Each research facility must submit an annual report to the USDA on or before what day of each calendar year?

a. January 1st b. September 30th c. November 1st d. December 1st

Answer: d. December 1st References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 - Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 28

2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, §2.36 Annual Report (a) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 65) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

Domain 5 48. What is the most common neoplasm in aging rhesus macaques?

a. Hepatocellular carcinoma b. Intestinal adenocarcinoma c. Lymphoma d. Squamous cell carcinoma e. Uterine adenocarcinoma

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Answer: b. Intestinal adenocarcinoma References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 897

2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Neoplasia and Proliferative Disorders of Nonhuman Primates, p. 334.

Domain 1; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.) 49. How often are research facilities required to register with the USDA?

a. Every 3 years b. Every 6 years c. Every year d. Research facilities are not required to register with the USDA

Answer: a. Every 3 years References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 25.

2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C- Research Facilities §2.30 Registration (a) Requirements and procedures (1) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 55) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

Domain 5 50. All of the following are animal models for diabetes mellitus EXCEPT?

a. B6.Cg-Lepob/J mouse b. Brattleboro rat c. Mystromys albicaudatus d. NOD mouse e. Octodon degus

Answer: b. Brattleboro rat References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto C, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rat, p. 152; Chapter 7 - Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents pp. 314, 327; and Chapter 25 – Techniques of Experimentation, p. 1220

2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 3 – Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 19 – Genetic Analysis of Rodent Obesity and Diabetes, p. 630

Domain 3; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 51. Which of the following species requires dietary vitamin D3?

a. Cebus albifrons b. Colobus satanas

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c. Macaca mulatta d. Papio papio

Answer: a. Cebus albifrons References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 777 and 899

2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Husbandry Principles for Captive Nonhuman Primates, pp. 278-279

3) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 – Arthritis, Muscle, Adipose Tissue, and Bone Diseases of Nonhuman Primates, pp. 661-663

Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Other Nonhuman Primates 52. Schedule _________ controlled substances are defined as drugs or other substances with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence? a. I b. II

c. III d. IV

e. V Answer: d. IV References:

1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Regulatory Issues, p. 574 (Table 25-1).

2) https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/21usc/812.htm Domain 5 53. What dental disease is unique to the genus Microtus as compared to mice and rats?

a. Enamel hyperplasia b. Molar caries c. Molar malocclusion d. Tooth root abscessation

Answer: c. Molar malocclusion References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 - Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, p. 323

2) Harvey et al. 2009. Molar malocclusions in pine voles (Microtus pinetorum). JAALAS 48(4): 412–415

Domain 1; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 54. Which of the following inbred mouse strains frequently have forebrain commissure defects that makes these strains poor candidates for learning behavior research?

a. 129 and BALB/c

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b. 129 and FVB/N c. BALB/c and C3H/He d. C3H/He and C57BL/6 e. C57BL/6 and FVB/N

Answer: a. 129 and BALB/c References:

1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, and Percy DH, eds. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 1 – Mouse, pp. 3, 97

2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Spontaneous Diseases in Commonly Used Mouse Strains, pp. 634, 640, 643-644, 647-649, 653

Domain 3; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus) 55. Which one of the following antibiotics should never be given to guinea pigs because it could cause antibiotic-associated dysbiosis? a. TMS b. Enrofloxacin c. Chloramphenicol d. Ampicillin e. Azithromycin Answer: d. Ampicillin References:

1) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, editors. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24- Non-Infectious Disease, p. 689

2) Quesenberry KE, Carpenter JW. 2012. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery. 3rd Edition. Elsevier Saunders: St Louis, MO. Chapter 23 – Disease Problems of Guinea Pigs, p. 297

Domain 1; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) 56. Which of the following features is more appropriate for an open topped corral for outdoor macaque housing?

a. Chain-linked walls b. Solid walls c. Solid walls slanted at a 15º angle outwards d. Solid walls slanted at a 15º angle inwards

Answer: d. Solid walls inclined at a 15º angle inwards References:

1) Wolfe-Coote S, eds. 2005. The Laboratory Primate, 1st edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 11 – Management of Old World Primates, p. 164-165

2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Volume 1 – Biology and Management, Chapter 9 – Laboratory Housing in Nonhuman Primates, p. 262

Domain 4; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.) 57. A genetic deficiency of _____ has been recognized in humans and rabbits, resulting in a reduced thymus weight, reduced body weight, low survival rate beyond 3 months, and reduced litter size, particularly in double homozygous rabbits.

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a. Complement 6 deficiency b. Complement 3 hypocomplementemia c. Complement 4 deficiency d. Complement 8 deficiency e. Complement 5 deficiency

Answer: d. Complement 8 deficiency References:

1) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section II- Rabbits, Chapter 17- Mycoses and Non-Infectious Diseases, p. 517

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10- Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 448

Domain 1; Primary Species - Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 58. Which of these analgesics is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug that is mainly active peripherally?

a. Buprenorphine b. Fentanyl c. Meloxicam d. Tramadol

Answer: c. Meloxicam References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, pp. 1146-1147

2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Pharmacology of Analgesics, p. 107 and Chapter 10 – Anesthesia and Analgesia for Laboratory Rodents, p. 274

Domain 2 59. Which formula defines positive predictive value?

a. True Negatives / (True Negatives + False Positives) b. True Positives / (True Positives + False Positives) c. True Positives / (True Positives + False Negatives) d. True Negatives / (True Negatives + False Negatives)

Answer: b. True Positives / (True Positives + False Positives) Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 11 – Microbiological Quality Control for Laboratory Rodents and Lagomorphs, p. 492

Domain 3 60. Which document, drafted by a federal funding agency, provides guidance for the analysis of operational expenses of an animal research facility?

a. COST Manual of Laboratory Animal Care and Use b. UFAW Handbook

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c. CMAR Handbook d. CARS Manual e. VHA Handbook

Answer: d. CARS Manual References:

1) Office of Science Policy and Public Liaison, National Center for Research Resources/NIH, National Institutes of Health. 2000. Cost Analysis and Rate Setting Manual for Animal Research Facilities.

2) http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/air/rate_setting_manual_2000.pdf. Domain 4 61. At an institution with an OLAW Assurance, a room housing Oryctolagus cuniculus was found to have temperatures ranging from 61-65°F for the past 6 months. A review of IACUC records finds that the IACUC had not been specifically told about the temperature range present in this housing room. When should this information be reported to the IO and OLAW?

a. Reported to the IO promptly, and OLAW is informed promptly by the IO b. Reported to the IO promptly, and OLAW is informed within the semi-annual report c. The IO does not need to be informed, but OLAW is informed within the semi-annual report d. The IO is informed within the semi-annual report, but OLAW does not need to be informed e. The IO and OLAW do not need to be informed

Answer: e. The IO and OLAW do not need to be informed References:

1) Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, pp. 43-44.

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 421.

3) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. 2015. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, pp. 17-18 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/OLAW/references/PHSPolicyLabAnimals.pdf)

Domain 5; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 62. Which organism has been recently and formally renamed Filobacterium rodentium?

a. Corynebacterium kutscheri b. CAR bacillus c. Streptobacillus moniliformis d. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) e. Citrobacter rodentium

Answer: b. CAR bacillus References:

1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 - Mycoplasma pulmonis, Other Murine Mycoplasmas, and Cilia-Associated Respiratory Bacillus, pp. 454-459

2) “Filobacterium rodentium (formerly CAR Bacillus)” http://dora.missouri.edu/mouse/filobacterium-rodentium/

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3) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 103-104

Domain 1 63. Which parasite is the cause of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits?

a. Eimeria coecicola b. Eimeria elongate c. Eimeria magna d. Eimeria piriformis e. Eimeria stiedae

Answer: e. Eimeria stiedae References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 - Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, pp. 436-437

2) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy, DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Rabbit, p. 298

3) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section II – Rabbits, Chapter 15 – Parasitic Diseases, p. 416

Domain 1; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 64. Which of the following statements best describes the golden retriever model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

a. It is caused by the absence of the protein dysferlin b. It is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner c. It produces a mild disease phenotype with most affected dogs having a normal life

expectancy d. It has low phenotypic variability

Answer: b. It is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 12 – Biology and Diseases of Dogs, p. 512

2) Selsby et al. 2015. Porcine models of muscular dystrophy. ILAR Journal 56(1):116-126 Domain 3; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris) 65. Which one of the murine agents listed below cannot be reliably detected from testing of environmental samples obtained from IVC racks (e.g. exhaust debris or exhaust air dust in racks, swabs from exhaust plenum)?

a. Helicobacter muridarum b. Mycoplasma pulmonis c. Pasteurella pneumotropica d. Radfordia affinis

Answer: b. Mycoplasma pulmonis References:

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1) Miller et al. 2016. Exhaust air dust monitoring is superior to soiled bedding sentinels for the detection of Pasteurella pneumotropica in individually ventilated cage systems. JAALAS 55(6):775-781

2) Bauer et al. 2016. Influence of rack design and disease prevalence on detection of rodent pathogens in exhaust debris samples from individually ventilated caging systems. JAALAS 55(6):782-788

Domain 4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 66. As the newly hired clinical veterinarian at your animal facility, you want to establish an adoption program for dogs determined to be suitable for adoption. You have identified one such dog and an employee in your department who lives in the area has requested to adopt the dog. Which of the following should be completed and filed to document the adoption?

a. APHIS Form 1001: Special Transactions of Animals Used in Research, Teaching, and Testing

b. APHIS Form 2062: Certificate of Health Examination for Small Animals c. APHIS Form 7005: Record of Acquisition of Dogs and Cats On-hand d. APHIS Form 7006: Record of Disposition of Dogs and Cats e. APHIS Form 7010: Adoption of Dogs, Cats and Other Small Mammals

Answer: d. APHIS Form 7006: Record of Disposition of Dogs and Cats References:

1) APHIS website - Forms https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/resources/forms/ct_aphis_forms

2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.35 Recordkeeping requirements (d) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 64) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

Domain 5 67. According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, nonhuman primate food receptacles must be sanitized at least how often?

a. Once daily b. Once a week c. Once every 2 weeks d. Once a month

Answer: c. Once every 2 weeks References:

1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart D – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Nonhuman Primates, §3.82 Feeding (d) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 177) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

2) Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Chapter 3 - Environment, Housing and Management, p. 70

Domain 4 68. Which of the following best describes butorphanol’s mechanism of action?

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a. κ / δ agonist – µ antagonist b. κ / δ antagonist – µ agonist c. κ / δ antagonist d. Pure µ agonist

Answer: a. κ / δ agonist – µ antagonist References:


2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Pharmacology of Analgesics, pp. 114-115 and Chapter 10 – Anesthesia and Analgesia for Laboratory Rodents, p. 271

Domain 2 69. Which of the following compounds, when instilled into the cheek pouch of Mesocricetus auratus, results in reliable formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma within 14 weeks?

a. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine b. Streptozotocin c. 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene d. 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide e. 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)

Answer: c. 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene References:

1) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: London. Section IV – Hamsters, Chapter 34 – The Experimental Use of Syrian Hamsters, p. 877

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Biology and Diseases of Hamsters, p. 210

Domain 3, Secondary Species – Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) 70. All of the following are included on the annual report to USDA/APHIS EXCEPT?

a. Location of all facilities where covered animals were housed or used b. Pain category for each covered species c. Dates of semiannual program reviews d. Assurance that Animal Welfare Regulations were followed e. Justification for Category E animals

Answer: c. Dates of semiannual program reviews References:

1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, §2.36 Annual report (b) (1-8) (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 65-66) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

2) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. 2015. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, IV. A. Animal Welfare Assurance. 3b, p. 11 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/OLAW/references/PHSPolicyLabAnimals.pdf)

Domain 5

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71. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, what 5 considerations must be part of an environmental enhancement plan for a nonhuman primate?

a. Restraint devices, exemptions, social grouping, special considerations, and environmental enrichment

b. Behavior management, social grouping, food enrichment, psychological well-being, and health management

c. Behavior management, restraint devices, exemptions, social grouping, and special considerations

d. Health management, behavior management, social grouping, environmental enrichment, and exemptions

Answer: a. Restraint devices, exemptions, social grouping, special considerations, and environmental enrichment Reference: Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal

Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart D – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Nonhuman Primates, §3.81 Environment enhancement to promote psychological well-being (a-e) (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 175-176)

(https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

Domain 5 72. Which strain is highly resistant to developing severe mousepox?

a. A b. BALB/c c. C57BL/6 d. CBA e. DBA

Answer: c. C57BL/6 References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 - Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 74

2) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Rabbit, pp. 260-264

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 73. Which of the following best describes an application of the implementation of the 3Rs?

a. Use of satellite animals for toxicokinetic analysis is an example of Replacement. b. Use of new in vivo technologies that can benefit animal welfare and science is an

example of Reduction. c. Early ex vivo, in vitro or in silico screens that focus on better drug candidate selection

is an example of Refinement. d. Early mammalian animal studies to address potential on-target or off-target issues

assist in implementation of the 3Rs.

Answer: d. Early mammalian animal studies to address potential on-target or off-target issues assist in implementation of the 3Rs. References:

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1) Sewell et al. 2016. Opportunities to apply the 3Rs in safety assessment programs. ILAR Journal 57(2):234-245

2) Kaufman et al. 2016. Data standardization, pharmaceutical drug development, and the 3Rs. ILAR Journal 57(2):109-119

Domain 3 74. Of the options below, which of the following storage conditions would be best for natural ingredient diets?

a. 39°C, 40% humidity b. 32°C, 30% humidity c. 21°C, 50% humidity d. 15°C, 60% humidity

Answer: c. 21°C, 50% humidity References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1579

2) Abee, C, Mansfield, K, Tardiff, S, Morris, T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Biology and Management, 2nd edition. Chapter 10 – Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Husbandry Principles for Captive Nonhuman Primates, p. 281

Domain 4 75. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, how often should the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee review the research facility’s program for the humane care and use of animals?

a. Monthly b. Once every 90 days c. At least every 6 months d. Yearly

Answer: c. At least every 6 months References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 26

2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, §2.31 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (c) IACUC functions (1) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 57) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

3) Applied Research Ethics National Association (ARENA) and Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW). 2002. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook. 2nd Edition. OLAW, Bethesda, MD. A.2. Authority, Composition and Functions, pp. 17-18. (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guidebook.pdf)

Domain 5 76. Rabbits have __ calcium levels than other mammals and intestinal calcium absorption is __.

a. Higher; in proportion to the amount in the diet b. Higher; influenced by vitamin D

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c. Lower; in proportion to the amount in the diet d. Lower; influenced by vitamin D

Answer: a. Higher; in proportion to the amount in the diet References:

1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy, DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Rabbit, p. 254

2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section II – Rabbits, Chapter 8 – Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavior, p. 237

Domain 1; Primary species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 77. Which of the following best describes nalbuphine?

a. Weak morphine-like agonist opioid; acts at both mu and kappa receptors; DEA schedule I

b. Weak morphine-like agonist opioid; acts at both mu and kappa receptors; DEA schedule IV

c. Synthetic agonist-antagonist opioid; acts at both mu and kappa receptors; non-DEA controlled

d. Synthetic agonist-antagonist opioid; acts at both mu and kappa receptors; DEA schedule II

e. opioid antagonist used to promptly reverse the effects of mu agonists; DEA schedule I

Answer: c. Synthetic agonist-antagonist opioid; acts at both mu and kappa receptors; non-DEA controlled References:

1) Kick BL, Shu P, Wen B, Sun D, Taylor DK. 2017. Pharmacokinetic profiles of nalbuphine after intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration to C57BL/6 mice. JAALAS. 56(5):534-538

2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Pharmacology of Analgesics, p. 114

Domain 2 78. What term most closely aligns with the definition of “germ free”? a. Gnotobiotic b. Pathobiont

c. Axenic d. SPF e. Symbiotic

Answer: c. Axenic References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 26 – Gnotobiotics, pp. 1264-1265

2) Schoeb TR and Eaton KA, eds. 2017. Gnotobiotics. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Principles of Establishing and Operating a Gnotobiotic Facility, p. 56

Domain 3 79. Which of the following individuals MAY NOT serve on an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee as the public or nonaffiliated member?

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a. Bike messenger who makes occasional deliveries to the institution b. Massage therapist who is also a niece of the institution’s animal facility supervisor c. Professor at an unaffiliated local community college who uses doves for behavioral

research d. Veterinary technician who works at an unaffiliated companion animal practice in

town Answer: c. Professor at an unaffiliated local community college who uses doves for behavioral research References:


2) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. [Internet]. 2017. Frequently Asked Questions – What are the IACUC Membership Criteria? [Cited 21 December 2017]. Available at: https://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/faqs.htm

Domain 5 80. A researcher at your institution has been funded to perform a mouse study using the Fortaleza strain of Zika virus, which has been shown to cause microcephaly in humans infected in utero. Based on federal guidance, what are appropriate practices for housing and/or working with animals on this study?

a. Personnel working with infected animals must register with the Federal Select Agent Program

b. The facility housing the infected animals must contain a Class III BSC c. Personnel working with infected animals must wear a PAPR or N95 mask d. Entry into the facility housing infected animals must be through an anteroom or

airlock e. Doors to areas housing infected animals must open inward and be self-closing

Answer: e. Doors to areas housing infected animals must open inward and be self-closing References:

1) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Section V – Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level Criteria for Vivarium Research Facilities, pp. 67-75 (https://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/bmbl5_sect_v.pdf)

2) Laboratory Safety when Working with Zika Virus. https://www.cdc.gov/zika/laboratories/lab-safety.html.

Domain 5; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 81. All of the following are a sponsor or participant of the CMAR program EXCEPT?

a. LAWTE b. AALAS c. LAMA d. ICPM

Answer: a. LAWTE Reference: https://www.aalas.org/certification/management-certification Domain 6

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82. Which of the following viruses can cause proliferative lymphoid and epithelial lesions as well as lymphoid tumors in immunosuppressed individuals?

a. Rhesus lymphocryptovirus b. Lucké herpesvirus c. Marek’s disease virus d. Saimirine herpesvirus 1 e. Simian T-cell lymphotrophic virus

Answer: a. Rhesus lymphocryptovirus References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 - Nonhuman Primates, pp. 864-867, 870 and Chapter 18 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 953

2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 - Viral Disease of Nonhuman Primates, pp. 14-15, 20-22, 60-61

3) http://www.merckvetmanual.com/poultry/neoplasms/marek%E2%80%99s-disease-in-poultry

Domain 1; Primary Species - Macaques (Macaca spp.) 83. An investigator comes to you with a concern because of failure of some recent adoptive T cell transfer experiments her lab has been performing. After reviewing their methodologies, you suspect that there may be issues with minor mismatch. Which of the following methodologies can be utilized to determine whether this is the case?

a. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats b. Single nucleotide polymorphisms c. Polymerase chain reaction based genotyping d. Karyotyping

Answer b. Single nucleotide polymorphisms References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 31 - Genetic Monitoring of Laboratory Mice and Rats, p. 1406

2) Bothe et al. 2008. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that differentiate common inbred strains and substrains of mice. JAALAS 47(5):75

Domain 3 84. Regardless of whether animals are quarantined, newly received animals should be given a period for all of the following types of acclimation EXCEPT?

a. Behavioral b. Nutritional c. Physiologic d. Social

Answer: d. Social References:

1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 4 – Veterinary Care, p. 111

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2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 39 – Animal Welfare, p. 1664

Domain 4 85. All of the following apply to birds EXCEPT?

a. Birds live about 3 times as long as an average mammal of similar size b. Birds exhibit poor resistance to the degenerative process of aging c. There is a striking similarity between songbird vocal learning and the learning of

human speech d. Humans and zebra finches have similar cerebral striatal and pallidal cell types e. Zebra finches attain sexual maturity as soon as 90 days after hatching

Answer: b. Birds exhibit poor resistance to the degenerative process of aging References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 23 – Zebra Finches in Biomedical Research, p. 1110

2) Austad. 2011. Candidate bird species for use in aging research. ILAR Journal 52(1):89-96 Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Other Birds 86. Which of the following conditions does the nematode parasite, Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, cause in zebrafish? a. Granulomatous gastritis b. Hepatic granulomas

c. Necrotizing encephalitis d. Proliferative enteritis e. Proliferative inflammation of the gills Answer: d. Proliferative enteritis References:

1) Kent et al. 2012. Documented and potential research impacts of subclinical diseases in zebrafish. ILAR Journal 53(2):126-134

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, pp. 1051-1053

Domain 1; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio) 87. According to the 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, all of the following apply to the Attending Veterinarian (AV) EXCEPT?

a. Institution must provide the AV with sufficient authority, including access to all

animals and resources to manage the program of veterinary care b. AV should oversee other aspects of animal care including: husbandry and housing c. Each facility shall employ an attending veterinarian under formal arrangements d. If a part-time AV is appointed, the formal arrangements shall include a written

program of veterinary care and regularly scheduled visits to the research facility e. AV does not have to be a voting member of the IACUC

Answer: e. AV does not have to be a voting member of the IACUC References:

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1) Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. Chapter 1 – Key Concepts: Animal Care and Use Program, p. 14

2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, §2.33 Attending veterinarian and adequate veterinary care (a) (1-3) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 62) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

3) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 3 – Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, pp. 27-28

Domain 5 88. All of the following has been shown to be affected in rodents that are exposed to light wavelengths, including those generated by fluorescent lights, EXCEPT?

a. Body weight b. Reproductive organ weights c. Reversible degeneration of the photoreceptors d. Sexual maturity e. Voluntary wheel running activity

Answer: c. Reversible degeneration of the photoreceptors References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 33 – Factors That Can Influence Animal Research, pp. 1449-1451

2) Dauchy et al. 2013. Effect of spectral transmittance through red-tinted rodent cages on circadian metabolism and physiology in nude rats. JAALAS 52(6):745-755

Domain 4 89. A guinea pig in which of the following environments WOULD NOT be required to be housed in a primary enclosure with an interior height of at least 6.5 inches?

a. Medical school b. National museum c. Elementary school d. Liberal arts college e. Zoo

Answer: c. Elementary school References:

1) Animal Welfare Act, United States Code, Title 7, Chapter 54 – Transportation, Sale, and Handling of Certain Animals, §2132 – Definitions (e)

2) Vemulapalli et al. 2017. Considerations when writing and reviewing a higher education teaching protocol involving animals. JAALAS 56(5):500-508

Domain 5; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) 90. Male dogs are attracted to female dogs during which estrous cycle stages?

a. Diestrus b. Estrus c. Estrus and diestrus

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d. Proestrus e. Proestrus and estrus

Answer: e. Proestrus and estrus Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 12 – Biology and Diseases of Dogs, pp. 518-519

Domain 4; Primary Species - Dog (Canis familiaris) 91. Which antibiotic has been reported to eradicate Pasteurella pneumotropica in mice?

a. Enrofloxacin b. Tetracycline c. Tylosin tartarate d. Ampicillin

Answer: a. Enrofloxacin References:

1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 19 - Pasteurellaceae, pp. 497-498

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 - Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 106

3) Towne et al. 2014. Elimination of Pasteurella pneumotropica from a mouse barrier facility by using a modified enrofloxacin treatment regimen. JAALAS 53(5):517-522

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 92. The linguifacial vein can be used for blood collection in which of the following species?

a. Cavia porcellus b. Marmota monax c. Meriones unguiculatus d. Sigmodon hispidus

Answer: b. Marmota monax References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 8 – The laboratory Woodchuck, pp. 354-3555

2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section III – Guinea Pigs, Chapter 22 – Basic Experimental Methods, p. 622 and Section VI – Other Rodents, Chapter 49 – Cotton Rat, p.1110 and Chapter 52 – Gerbils, pp. 1141-1142

Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 93. According to the 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, animals may be used in multiple major survival surgeries for the following reasons EXCEPT?

a. There is scientific justification provided by the principal investigator in writing b. Required as a routine veterinary procedure or to protect the health and well-being of

the animal, as determined by the attending veterinarian c. Under other special circumstances which have been approved by the APHIS Administrator

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d. Cost savings e. Procedures that are related components of a research project or that will conserve

scarce animal resources Answer: d. Cost savings References:

1) Applied Research Ethics National Association (ARENA) and Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW). 2002. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook. 2nd Edition. OLAW, Bethesda, MD. C.3. Other Protocol Review Considerations, p. 146 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guidebook.pdf)


3) USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Care Policy Manual. Policy # 14: Major Survival Surgery, Dealers Selling Surgically-Altered Animals to Research. March 25, 2011. (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/Animal%20Care%20Policy%20Manual.pdf)

Domain 4 94. Which of the following methods of euthanasia IS NOT acceptable for finfish in a research setting?

a. Clove oil b. Decapitation c. Hypothermia d. Maceration

Answer: c. Hypothermia References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Biology and Management of Laboratory Fish, p. 1076

2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 21 – Anesthesia and Restraint of Laboratory Fish, pp. 532-533

3) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, pp. 33, 71,73, 99-102 (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf)

Domain 5 95. Obesity and metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance (IR) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, are reported to be naturally found in which of the following two species?

a. Aged rhesus macaques and Yucatan miniature swine b. Aged cynomolgus macaques and Gottingen miniature swine c. Aged rhesus macaques and Ossabaw miniature swine d. Aged cynomolgus and Hampshire swine e. Aged rhesus macaques and Landrace swine

Answer: c. Aged rhesus macaques and Ossabaw miniature swine References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Non-Human Primates, pp. 894-895.

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2) Swindle MM, Smith AC, eds. 2015. Swine in the Laboratory: Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging, and Experimental Techniques, 3rd edition. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 18 – Ossabaw Island Miniature Swine, pp. 451-455.

Domain 1; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Pig (Sus scrofa) 96. Which of the following IS NOT required according to PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals with regards to review of PHS-Conducted or Supported Research Projects?

a. Compliance with the Animal Welfare Act as it applies to the research project b. Sedation, analgesia, or anesthesia must be provided for procedures that may cause

more than momentary or slight pain or distress, unless the procedure is justified for scientific reasons in writing by the investigator.

c. Medical care for animals will be available and provided as necessary by a qualified veterinarian.

d. Consultation of the IO to assist in the review of complex issues

Answer: d. Consultation of the IO to assist in the review of complex issues References:

1) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. 2015. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, IV. Implementation by Institutions, C. Review of PHS-Conducted or Supported Research Projects, pp. 13-15

2) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 2 – Animal Care and Use Program, pp. 25-26

Domain 5 97. Which of the following inbred mouse strains are blind due to a rd1 mutation (Pde6brd1)

resulting in retinal degeneration?

a. BALB/c and C3H/He b. C3H/He and FVB/N c. C57BL/6 and BALB/c d. C57BL/6 and C3H/He e. FVB/N and BALB/c

Answer: b. C3H/He and FVB/N References:

1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH, eds. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Ames, IA. Chapter 1 - Mouse, p. 3

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 134-135

3) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Spontaneous Diseases in Commonly Used Mouse Strains, pp. 640-641, 643-645, 647-649, 653

Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 98. According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, what is the recommended minimum space for group-housed pigeons (floor area/animal ft2)? a. 0.25 b. 0.50 c. 0.80

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d. 1.00 e. 2.00 Answer: c. 0.80 Reference: Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of

Laboratory Animals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Chapter 3 - Environment, Housing and Management, p. 60

Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Pigeon (Columba livia) 99. How does the 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals define what a laboratory animal is?

a. Any live or dead animal used in research, teaching, or testing. b. Any live or dead dog, cat or nonhuman primate, guinea pig, hamster or rabbit or any

other warm-blooded animal used for research teaching, testing, experimentation or exhibition.

c. Any vertebrate animal used in research, teaching, or testing. d. Any live vertebrate animal used or intended for use in research, research training,

experimentation, or biological testing or for related purposes.

Answer: c. Any vertebrate animal used in research, teaching, or testing Reference: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Update of the Guide for the

Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.; Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (U.S.); National Academies Press (U.S.). The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Eighth Edition. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, pp 43-44

Domain 5 100. Dog official tags removed and retained from a research facility shall be held for ___ and shall not be reused within a ____ period. a. 6 months; 3-year b. 1 year; 5-year c. 3 years; 5-year d. 5 years; 10-year Answer: b. 1-year; 5-year Reference: Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal

Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, §2.38 Miscellaneous (g) Identification of dogs and cats (6) (11) (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 69-70) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

Domain 4; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris) 101. Which of the following bacterial agents would most likely be identified on culture of the oropharynx in apparently healthy laboratory rats?

a. Corynebacterium kutscheri b. Helicobacter pylori c. Pasteurella pneumotropica d. Streptobacillus moniliformis

Answer: c. Pasteurella pneumotropica References:

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1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 - Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp. 167-172

2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 11 – Bacterial, Mycoplasmal and Mycotic Infections, pp. 342, 355, 363-364, and 375

3) Pritchett-Corning et al. 2009. Contemporary prevalence of infectious agents in laboratory mice and rats. Laboratory Animals 43(2):165-173.

Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 102. Which of the following nomenclature symbols is located between the background strain and the donor strain of a congenic mouse strain backcrossed at least 10 generations?

a. ‘.’ b. ‘#’ c. ‘:’ d. ‘/’ e. ‘X’

Answer: a. ‘.’ References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 53

2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 – History, Wild Mice, and Genetics. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Breeding Systems: Considerations, Genetic Fundamentals, Genetic Background and Strain Types, pp. 66-69 and Chapter 5 – Mouse Strain and Genetic Nomenclature: An Abbreviated Guide, p. 87

3) International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice and Rat Genome and Nomenclature Committee. Guidelines for Nomenclature of Mouse and Rat Strains. January 2016. (http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/strains.shtml#congenic)

Domain 3; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus) 103. Which of the following statements best describes noise control in animal facilities?

a. Acoustic materials applied directly to the ceiling or as part of a suspended ceiling in an animal room are recommended as they present no problems for sanitation

b. Masonry walls have poor sound-attenuating properties c. Noisy animals, such as dogs and pigs, should be housed away from quieter animals,

such as rodents, rabbits and zebra finches d. Exposure to sound > 85 dB can lead to eosinopenia, increased adrenal gland weights,

reduced fertility in rodents, and increased blood pressure in nonhuman primates

Answer: d. Exposure to sound >85 dB can lead to eosinopenia, increased adrenal gland weights, and reduced fertility in rodents, and increased blood pressure in nonhuman primates References:

1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing and Management, pp. 49-50 and Chapter 5 – Physical Plant, p. 142

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 33 – Factors

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That Can Influence Animal Research, pp. 1448-1449 and Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1568

3) Hessler JR, Lehner NDM, eds. 2009. Planning and Designing Research Animal Facilities. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Environmental Considerations for Research Animals, pp. 70-73

Domain 4 104. What is the most common cause of bilateral flank alopecia in nulliparous group-housed guinea pig sows?

a. Adrenal cortical adenoma b. Hyperthyroidism c. Barbering d. Cystic rete ovarii e. Gliricola porcelli

Answer: d. Cystic rete ovarii References:

1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th Edition. Wiley Blackwell: Ames, IA. Chapter 5 – Guinea Pig, p. 245

2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section III – Guinea Pigs, Chapter 24 – Non-Infectious Diseases, p. 694

Domain 1; Secondary Species – Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) 105. Which term best describes animals of the family Geomyidae?

a. Eusocial b. Fossorial c. Monogamous d. Obligate hibernators

Answer: b. Fossorial References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory

Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 - Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, pp. 297-299

2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section VI – Other Rodents, Chapter 50 - Pocket Gopher, p. 1115

Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 106. Which displacement rate (volume/min) is recommended for euthanasia chambers when using CO2 exposure for laboratory rodents?

a. 5-10% per minute b. 10-30% per minute c. 30-50% per minute d. 100% per minute

Answer: b. 10-30% per minute References:

1) Fisher et al. 2016. Interstrain differences in CO2-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in mice. JAALAS 55(6):811-815

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Domain 2 107. Which of the following temperature recording methods were shown to be a useful replacement for rectal temperature monitoring in sedated cynomolgus macaques?

a. Sublingual monitoring with medical thermometer b. Mean infrared measurements of inguinal and chest regions c. Auricular infrared measurements d. Axillary monitoring with medical thermometer

Answer: b. Mean infrared measurements of inguinal and chest regions References:

1) Laffins et al. 2017. Evaluation of infrared thermometry in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). JAALAS 56(1):84-89

2) Woods et al. 2013. Noninvasive temporal artery thermometry as an alternative to rectal thermometry in research macaques (Macaca spp.). JAALAS 52(3):295-300

Domain 3; Primary Species – (Macaca spp.) 108. In recirculating water systems, the biological filter can fail under which of the following circumstances?

a. Decrease in the number of fish in the system b. Increase in the number of fish in the system c. Reduced feeding regimen of the fish in the system d. The biological filter is unlikely to fail under the named circumstances

Answer: b. Increase in the number of fish in the system References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, p. 1026

2) Harper C, Lawrence C, eds. 2011. The Laboratory Zebrafish. CRC Press: Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL. Section 3 – Life Support, p. 116-118

Domain 4 109. According to the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules, which risk group corresponds to “high risk to both individuals and community: agents likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventative or therapeutic interventions are not usually available”? a. Risk group 1 b. Risk group 2

c. Risk group 3 d. Risk group 4 e. Risk group 5

Answer: d. Risk group 4 References:

1) National Institutes of Health, Health and Human Services. 2013. NIH guidelines for research involving recombinant of synthetic nucleic acid molecules. Fed Regist 78:66751-66752

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2) Dyson at al. 2017. Institutional oversight of occupational health and safety for research programs involving biohazards. Comparative Medicine 67(3):192-202

Domain 5 110. Several Coturnix japonica had been reported for decreased appetite, open-mouthed breathing, rales, sneezing, nasal and ocular discharge, with most of the affected animals being less than 6 weeks of age. On necropsy, thickening of the trachea and the presence of mucosal exudate is found. What agent is the most likely cause of these clinical and pathologic signs?

a. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus b. Newcastle virus c. Quail bronchitis virus d. Reticulendotheliosis virus

Answer: c. Quail bronchitis virus Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 22 – Japanese Quail as a Laboratory Animal Model, pp. 1101-1102

Domain 1; Tertiary Species – Other Birds 111. _______ is a compound used to experimentally induce _______ in mice, rats, and pigs.

a. Streptozotocin; diabetes mellitus b. Streptozotocin; insulinoma c. Alloxan; pheochromocytoma d. Alloxan; hepatitis e. Alloxan; cholangiohepatitis

Answer: a. Streptozotocin; diabetes mellitus References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Techniques of Experimentation, p. 1220

2) O’Brien et al. 2014. Mouse models of diabetic neuropathy. ILAR Journal 54(3):259-272 Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus), Rat (Rattus norvegicus), and Pig (Sus scrofa) 112. Macaca mulatta infected with HIV are considered a _______ risk, and laboratory work with infectious samples should be conducted in a ___________.

a. BSL-2, BSC Class I b. BSL-2, BSC Class II c. BSL-3, BSC Class II d. BSL-3 enhanced, BSC Class III e. BSL-4, BSC Class III

Answer: b. BSL-2, BSC Class II References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 27- Working Safely with Experimental Animals Exposed to Biohazards, p. 1301

2) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in

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Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Section VIII – E: Viral Agents, pp. 221-223, 235 (https://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/bmbl5_sect_viii.pdf)

Domain 4; Primary Species - Macaques (Macaca spp.) 113. Which of the following DOES NOT need to be included in the final report of a nonclinical laboratory study following Good Laboratory Practices?

a. Signed and dated report of each individual involved in the study b. Storage locations of specimens and raw data c. Statement from the Quality Assurance unit of the institution d. Statement from the Attending Veterinarian of the institution e. Description of circumstances that may have affected quality or integrity of the data

Answer: d. Statement from the Attending Veterinarian of the institution References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 32

2) Food and Drug Administration, 1987. 21 CFR Part 58 - Good Laboratory Practice Regulations. § 58.185- Reporting of nonclinical laboratory study results, pp. 317-318

Domain 5 114. With which of the following stain(s) does amyloid show apple-green and birefringent under polarized light?

a. Alcian blue and Toluidine blue b. Alizarin Red S, Azan or von Kossa c. Congo Red d. Hematoxylin Eosin e. Van Gieson's picro-fuchsin

Answer: c. Congo Red References:

1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 - Spontaneous Disease on Commonly Used Mouse Strains, pp. 672-673

2) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 1 – Mouse, p. 93

3) Rice et al. 2013. Diagnosis of amyloidosis and differentiation from chronic, idiopathic enterocolitis in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and pig-tailed (M. nemestrina) macaques. Comparative Medicine 63(3):262-271

Domain 1 115. Low-dose dextran sulfate sodium is used in mice to model which human disease?

a. Parkinson’s disease b. Addison’s disease c. Inflammatory bowel disease d. Atherosclerosis

Answer: c. Inflammatory bowel disease

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References: 1) Bendtsen et al. 2017. Effect of early-life gut mucosal compromise on disease progression

in NOD mice. Comparative Medicine 67(5):388-399 2) Compton et al. 2017. Lack of effect of murine astrovirus infection on dextran sulfate-

induced colitis in NLRP3-deficient mice. Comparative Medicine 67(5):400-406 Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 116. Which of the following is a reason that pigs are an appropriate animal model for the human cardiovascular system?

a. Left azygous vein drains directly into the coronary sinus in both pigs and humans b. Both pigs and humans have extensive collateral circulation of the coronary vessels c. Aorta in both pigs and humans lacks a vaso vasorum d. Coronary blood flow is right-side dominant in both pigs and humans e. Conduction in pig and human hearts is more neurogenic as opposed to myogenic

Answer: d. Coronary blood flow is right-side dominant in both pigs and humans References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, pp. 699-700

2) Lelovas et al. 2014. A comparative anatomic and physiologic overview of the porcine heart. JAALAS 53(5):432–438

Domain 3; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa) 117. Sanitation can be achieved with cage/rack washers at what temperature with an exposure time of 1 second?

a. 143°F b. 152°F c. 161°F d. 180°F

Answer: d. 180°F References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1559

2) Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing and Management, p. 71

3) Compton and Macy. 2015. Effect of cage-wash temperature on the removal of infectious agents from caging and the detection of infectious agents on the filters of animal bedding-disposal cabinets by PCR analysis. JAALAS 54(6):745-755

Domain 4 118. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, the floor space requirement for female hamsters with litters in the United States is ______ in2 with an exception for the species ______.

a. 101; Mesocricetus auratus b. 101; Phodopus spp. c. 111; Mesocricetus auratus d. 111; Cricetulus griseus

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e. 121; Phodopus spp.

Answer: e. 121; Phodopus spp. References:

1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart B – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Guinea Pigs and Hamsters, §3.28 Primary enclosures (c) Space requirements for primary enclosures acquired on or after August 15, 1990 (1) Guinea pigs (iii) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 140) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Biology and Disease of Hamsters, p. 218

Domain 5; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 119. Which of following organizations is “dedicated solely to advocating for sound public policy that recognizes the vital role animals play in biomedical research?”

a. AMP b. ILAR c. MSMR d. NABR

Answer: d. NABR References:

1) https://www.amprogress.org/about/mission/ 2) http://dels.nas.edu/global/ilar/About-Us 3) https://msmr.org/about-us/mission/ 4) http://www.nabr.org/about/

Domain 6 120. Cytomegalovirus in mice belongs to which viral genus?

a. Orthopoxvirus b. Betaherpesvirus c. Parvovirus d. Mastadenovirus

Answer: b. Betaherpesvirus References:


2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 - Murine Cytomegalovirus and Other Herpesviruses, p. 2

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 121. Which of the following mouse strains is an example of a recombinant inbred strain?

a. B6.AKR-H2k

b. B6;129-Acvr2tm1Zuk

c. BXD-1/Ty

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d. D2B6F1 e. Tac:ICR

Answer: c. BXD-1/Ty References:

1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 – History, Wild Mice, and Genetics. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Breeding Systems: Considerations, Genetic Fundamentals, Genetic Background and Strain Types, p. 71 and Chapter 5 – Mouse Strain and Genetic Nomenclature: An Abbreviated Guide, p. 84

2) International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice and Rat Genome and Nomenclature Committee. Guidelines for Nomenclature of Mouse and Rat Strains. January 2016. (http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/strains.shtml#ris)

3) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and diseases of mice, p. 52

Domain 3; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus) 122. Which of the following swine breeds is the least appropriate for use as an animal model for a chronic or long-term study?

a. Göttingen b. Handford c. Sinclair d. Landrace

Answer: d. Landrace References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 26 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, p. 696

2) Swindle MM, Smith AC, eds. 2016. Swine in the Laboratory: Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging and Experimental Techniques, 3nd edition. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group: Boca Rota, FL. Chapter 1 – Biology, Handling, Husbandry and Anatomy, pp. 2-5

Domain 3; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa) 123. Which of the following is discouraged as a method of identification for mice on a GLP study?

a. Cage card b. Digit amputation c. Ear notching d. Ink on fur or tail e. Metal ear tag

Answer: b. Digit amputation Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Techniques of Experimentation, pp. 1202-1204

Domain 4 124. Which etiologic agent causes transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia in mice?

a. CAR Bacillus b. Citrobacter rodentium

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c. Clostridium piliforme d. Helicobacter hepaticus

Answer: b. Citrobacter rodentium References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 103-110, 115-117

2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 15 – Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeuruginosa, and Streptobacillus moniliformis, pp. 373-377

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 125. Which of the following best describes the analgesic action of ketamine?

a. α-adrenergic agonist b. α-adrenergic antagonist c. GABAA agonist d. µ opioid agonist e. NMDA receptor antagonist

Answer: e. NMDA receptor antagonist References:

1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Pharmacology of Analgesics, pp. 117-118

2) Flecknell P. 2015. Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia, 4th ed. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 – Basic Principles of Anaesthesia, p. 66

Domain 2 126. Which of the following rat mutant strains is used as a disease model due to an autosomal dominant trait?

a. Brattleboro b. Gunn c. Nude d. Obese SHR e. Han:SPRD(Cy/+)

Answer: e. Han:SPRD(Cy/+) References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, p. 152

2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier: Burlington, MA. Chapter 23 – Spontaneous, Surgically and Chemically Induced Models of Disease, p. 723

Domain 3; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 127. Which of the following options is in the correct order when listed from most sensitive to least sensitive to disinfection?

a. MHV – EDIM – MPV

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b. EDIM – PVM – LCMV c. MAdV-1 – PVM – TMEV d. MPV – EDIM – LCMV e. MHV – KRV – EDIM

Answer: a. MHV – EDIM – MPV References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 11 – Microbiological Quality Control of Laboratory Rodents and Lagomorphs, p. 474

2) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Appendix B: Decontamination and Disinfection, pp. 330 (https://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/bmbl5_appendixb.pdf#x2013; Decontamination and Disinfection [PDF - 299 KB]</a>)

Domain 4 128. Which of the following best describes the identification for a dog according to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations?

a. Bronze circular tag 1” in diameter with USDA and the animal number present b. Stainless steel oblong tag measuring 2 x ¾ inches with USDA, animal number, and

number identifying state and dealer c. Puppies must be properly identified at 6 weeks of age d. After euthanasia, the identifying tag must remain with the animal and the number

cannot be re-used within 5 years Answer: b. Stainless steel oblong tag measuring 2 x ¾ inches with USDA, animal number, and number identifying state and dealer Reference: Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal

Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, § 2.38 Miscellaneous (g) Identification of dogs and cats (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 69-70) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf

Domain 5; Primary Species - Dog (Canis familiaris) 129. A Xenopus laevis is reported for a bite wound that is now covered in what looks like tufts of cotton. Which of these would be the least appropriate treatment to initiate for this frog?

a. Sodium chloride bath b. Benzalkonium chloride in the water c. Topical ivermectin d. Malachite green bath e. Immersion in potassium permanganate

Answer: c. Topical ivermectin References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 959

2) Green SL. 2010. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 4 – Veterinary Care, p. 89

Domain 1; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis)

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130. Which of the following is an acceptable alternative to the ventral tail vein when collecting a large amount of blood in lizards?

a. Ventral abdominal vein b. Occipital sinus c. Coelomic vein d. Cephalic vein e. Saphenous vein

Answer: a. Ventral abdominal vein References:

1) Mader, Douglas R, ed. 2006. Reptile Medicine and Surgery, 2nd edition. Saunders Elsevier, 2008. Chapter 6 - Lizards, pp. 61-62

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 19 - Biology and Diseases of Reptiles, p. 982

Domain 3; Tertiary Species - Reptiles 131. Which protocol is the best balance for reducing microorganism growth in the drinking water of laboratory mice and rats without reducing palatability?

a. Acidifying the water to a pH of 2.5-3 using hydrochloric acid b. Acidifying the water to a pH of 3 with chlorine at 10ppm c. Acidifying the water to a pH of 1.5-2 using chlorine d. Acidifying the water to a pH of 5 with sodium hypochlorite at 20 ppm

Answer: a. Acidifying the water to a pH of 2.5-3 using hydrochloric acid References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press. Chapter 36 – Design and Management of Research Facilities, pp. 1581

2) Hessler JR, Lehner NDM, eds. 2009. Planning and Designing Research Animal Facilities, 1st edition. Elsevier. Chapter 7 – Environmental Considerations for Research Animals, p. 75

Domain 4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) and Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 132. According to the PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, all of the following information is required in the semiannual reports of IACUC evaluations submitted to the Institutional Official EXCEPT?

a. Description of adherence and departures to the Guide and PHS policy b. List of facilities accredited by AAALAC c. Reasons for departures from Guide and PHS policy d. Signatures by majority of IACUC members

Answer: d. Signatures by majority of IACUC members Reference: Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. 2015. Public Health Service Policy on

Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, pp. 12-13 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/OLAW/references/PHSPolicyLabAnimals.pdf)

Domain 5 133. All of the following describes porcine cardiovascular anatomy EXCEPT?

a. Aorta has a true vaso vasorum

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b. Blood supply from the coronary artery is right-side dominant c. Coronary artery does not have pre-existing collateral circulation d. Electrophysiological system is more myogenic than neurogenic, with few Purkinje fibers e. Left azygous vein drains the intercostal vessels into the coronary sinus

Answer: d. Electrophysiological system is more myogenic than neurogenic, with few Purkinje fibers References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 - Biology and Diseases of Swine, pp. 699-700

2) Swindle MM, Smith AC, eds. 2016. Swine in the Laboratory: Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging, and Experimental Techniques, 3rd ed. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 9 - Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery/Chronic Intravascular Catheterization, p. 214

Domain 1; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa) 134. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its Regulations, all of the following are IACUC functions or responsibilities EXCEPT?

a. Review proposed activities related to the care and use of covered animals b. Inspect the institution’s animal facilities at least once every 6 months c. Review any concerns related to animal care and use at the institution d. Make recommendations to the IO regarding the institution’s animal care and use

program e. Authorized to legally commit on behalf of the research facility

Answer: e. Authorized to legally commit on behalf of the research facility Reference: Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal

Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, §2.31 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (c) IACUC functions (1-8) (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 57-58) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

Domain 5 135. What is the average amount of food a mouse consumes after weaning?

a. 0.5-2 gram/day b. 3-5 gram/day c. 10-15 gram/day d. 15-20 gram/day

Answer: b. 3-5 gram/day References:


2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Academic Press: London. Chapter 10 – Nutrition, p. 330

Domain 4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 136. Which of the following health monitoring strategies demonstrated reliable detection of Pasteurellaceae bacterial isolates after one-week exposure in mice housed in individual

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ventilated cages and provides a sensitive, simple, and reliable approach for Pasteurellaceae identification?

a. Sentinel mice exposure to soiled bedding b. Fecal culture and sensitivity c. Fecal PCR d. Exhaust air dust samples

Answer: d. Exhaust air dust samples References:


2) Dole et al. 2010. Assessment of rpoB and 16S rRNA genes as targets for PCR-based identification of Pasteurella pneumotropica. Comparative Medicine 60(6):427–435

Domain 4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 137. Which of the following statements best describes lidocaine and bupivacaine?

a. Lidocaine has a faster onset of action and shorter duration of analgesia than

bupivacaine b. Lidocaine has a faster onset of action and longer duration of analgesia than bupivacaine c. Lidocaine has a slower onset of action and shorter duration of analgesia than

bupivacaine d. Lidocaine has a slower onset of action and longer duration of analgesia than

bupivacaine

Answer: a. Lidocaine has a faster onset of action and shorter duration of analgesia than bupivacaine References:

1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneaman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Anesthesia and Analgesia for Laboratory Rodents, pp. 264-265

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia And Euthanasia, p. 1142

Domain 2 138. Which of the following certifications IS NOT offered by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science?

a. Certified manager of animal resources b. Certified professional IACUC administration c. Laboratory animal technician d. Laboratory animal technologist

Answer: b. Certified professional IACUC administration References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 36 - Design and Management of Research Facilities, p. 1590

2) https://www.aalas.org/certification/technician-certification# 3) https://www.aalas.org/certification/management-certification 4) https://www.primr.org/cpia/

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Domain 6 139. Which of the following statements best describes certified diets for laboratory animals?

a. Are required as part of the FDA Good Laboratory Practice regulations b. Are analyzed to determine the nutritional quality of the diet c. Looks for the established minimal level of contaminants that may be in the diet d. Are formulated to be sterilized prior to provision to the animal e. Are required as part of the USDA regulations

Answer: a. Are required as part of the FDA Good Laboratory Practice regulations References:


2) 21 CFR, Chapter 1 – Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Subchapter A – General, Part 58 Good Laboratory Practice for Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Subpart E--Testing Facilities Operation, §58.90 – Animal care (https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=58)

Domain 4 140. According to the 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, which of the following IS NOT specifically listed as a required member of the IACUC?

a. Committee chair b. Doctor of veterinary medicine c. Practicing scientist d. A non-affiliated member

Answer: a. Committee chair References:

1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 1 – Key Concepts, p. 1

2) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. 2015. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, IV. Implementation by Institutions, F. Reporting Requirements, pp. 17-18

Domain 5 141. Which of the following IS NOT a common complication to anesthesia in small ruminants?

a. Aspiration b. Bloating c. Hypocapnea d. Hypoxemia e. Regurgitation

Answer: c. Hypocapnea References:


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2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 14 – Anesthesia and Analgesia of Ruminants, pp. 386-389, 395, 406

3) Flecknell PA, ed. 2009. Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 – Preparing for Anaesthesia, p. 16

Domain 2; Secondary Species – Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goat (Capra hircus) 142. Which of the following promotes high levels of algal growth in aquatic systems, particularly in the presence of light? a. Calcium b. Magnesium

c. pH d. Phosphorus

e. Water circulation rate Answer: d. Phosphorus

References: 1) Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of

Laboratory Animals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 86


Domain 4 143. For transporting cats or dogs, which of the following is the most appropriate regarding ventilation?

a. 14% surface area on two opposing walls with 16% total surface area b. 16% surface area on two opposing walls with 14% total surface area c. Ventilation on 3 walls, 8% of surface area of opposing walls, 50% of third wall, 16%

total surface area d. Ventilation on all 4 walls, 10% on each wall, 14% total surface area

Answer: b. 16% surface area on two opposing walls with 14% total surface area Reference: Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal

Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart A – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats, §3.14 Primary enclosures used to transport live dogs and cats (c) Ventilation (1)(i-iii) (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 128-129) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

Domain 5; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris) and Secondary Species – Cat (Felis domesticus) 144. Which of the following is a gram-negative obligate intracellular organism that is the causative agent of Q fever and considered a zoonotic pathogen and a select agent?

a. Truperella pyogenes b. Coxiella burnetii c. Mycoplasma bovis d. Brucella abortis e. Listeria monocytogenes

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Answer: b. Coxiella burnetii References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 15 - Biology and Diseases of Ruminants, p.655

2) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Section VIII-D: Rickettsial Agents, p. 195 (https://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/bmbl5_sect_viii.pdf)

Domain 1 145. All of following are nonhuman primate models of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis EXCEPT?

a. Callithrix jacchus b. Macaca fascicularis c. Macaca mulatta d. Saguinus imperator

Answer: d. Saguinus imperator Reference: Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical

Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 15 – Nervous System Disorders of Nonhuman Primates and Research Models, pp. 766-767

Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Other Nonhuman Primates 146. Which of the following is considered a true eusocial species?

a. Chinchilla lanigera b. Marmota monax c. Octodonon degus d. Sigmodon hispidus e. Heterocephalus glaber

Answer: e. Heterocephalus glaber References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, p. 329

2) Yu et al. 2017. Breeding and rearing naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) under laboratory conditions. JAALAS 56(1):98-101

Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 147. According to the AVMA Guidelines for Euthanasia of Animals (2013 Edition), all of the following are classified as “acceptable” or “acceptable with conditions” as primary methods for rat euthanasia EXCEPT? a. Barbiturate overdose b. Opioid overdose

c. CO2 asphyxiation d. Gas anesthetic overdose

Answer: b. Opioid overdose References:

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2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – Euthanasia and Necropsy, p. 666

Domain 5; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 148. Which of the following most accurately describes the minimum amount of floor space and appropriate housing system for an adult Coturnix japonica?

a. 0.5 ft2, indoor aviary b. 1.0 ft3, poultry battery cage c. 0.25 ft2, poultry battery cage d. 0.1 ft2, indoor floor pen

Answer: c. 0.25 ft2, poultry battery cage References:

1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 60

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 22 – Japanese Quail as a Laboratory Animal Model, p. 1094

Domain 4; Tertiary Species - Other Birds 149. Which of the following best applies to the use of carbon dioxide as a method for euthanasia for mice and rats?

a. Method of choice in neonates b. Mice and rats do not show aversion c. Painful due to carbonic acid formation d. Recommended to quickly prefill the chamber up to 80% concentration

Answer: c. Painful due to carbonic acid formation References:


2) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, pp. 24-26, 48-49 (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf)

Domain 2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) and Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 150. Which of the following surgical scrub agents was associated with a warming (rebound) phase during which body temperatures equilibrated with those of controls within minutes of application?

a. 70% isopropyl alcohol b. Povidone-iodine c. Warm saline d. Chlorhexidine gluconate 1% solution and ethyl alcohol 61%, (w/w)

Answer: a. 70% isopropyl alcohol References:

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1) Skorupski et al. 2017. Quantification of induced hypothermia from aseptic scrub applications during rodent surgery preparation. JAALAS 56(5):562-569

2) National Institutes of Health Animal Research Advisory Committee. Guidelines for Survival Rodent Surgery. 2005. http://oacu.od.nih.gov/ARAC/surguide.pdf.

Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 151. For which of the following species do good husbandry practices include periodically providing a dust bath?

a. Pachyuromys spp., Meriones spp. b. Octodon spp., Neotoma spp. c. Cynomys spp., Peromyscus spp. d. Chinchilla spp., Urocitellus spp. e. Onychomys spp., Dipodomys spp.

Answer: e. Onychomys spp., Dipodomys spp. References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, pp. 300, 305

2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section VI – Other Rodents, Chapter 48 – Kangaroo Rat, Chapter, p. 1102

Domain 4; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 152. Which of the following is the only acceptable method without conditions for euthanasia in laboratory rabbits?

a. Barbiturates b. Carbon dioxide c. Inhaled anesthetics d. Penetrating captive bolt e. Potassium chloride

Answer: a. Barbiturates References: American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the

Euthanasia of Animals, 2013 edition, pp. 50, 99. (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf)

Domain 5; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 153. Which of the following mouse strains is the most resistant to primary amyloidosis?

a. A b. BALB/c c. C57BL d. SJL

Answer: b. BALB/C References:


2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press:

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San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Spontaneous Diseases in Commonly Used Mouse Strains, pp. 637, 641, 649, and 654

Domain 1; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus) 154. You are preparing for a project using pigs in which the investigator plans to perform MRIs and prefers the use of ketamine-midazolam induction to minimize drug effects on cardiac parameters. You would like to ensure the animals recover quickly and efficiently. Which of the following might you choose to hasten recovery? a. Naloxone b. Atipamezole

c. Flumazenil d. Maropitant citrate e. Alpha-chloralose

Answer: c. Flumazenil References:

1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, and Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Pharmacology of Injectable Anesthetics, Sedatives, and Tranquilizers, p. 47

2) Mice Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Care, Part I: Anesthetic Considerations in Preclinical Research. http://nas-sites.org/ilarjournal/previous-issues/neurobiology-of-addictive-behaviors/mice-anesthesia-analgesia-and-care-part-i-anesthetic-considerations-in-preclinical-research/

Domain 3; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa) 155. Which of the following best describes swine nutrition?

a. At six months of age, farm pigs may have a lean body weight similar to that of a micropig breed

b. Diets formulated for mini- and micro-swine generally have more energy and less fiber than those formulated for farm breeds

c. Miniature swine breeds often require free-choice feeding because of their high metabolic rate

d. Pigs do not require elemental sulfur in their diets if adequate methionine and cysteine are available

Answer: d. Pigs do not require elemental sulfur in their diets if adequate methionine and cysteine are available References:

1) Bollen PJ, Hansen AK, Olsen Alstrup AK. 2010. The Laboratory Swine, 2nd edition. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL. Chapter 2 – Husbandry, pp. 21-23

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 15 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, p. 700

Domain 4; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa) 156. According to the AVMA Guidelines for Euthanasia of Animals (2013 Edition), rats weighing how much can be humanely killed by using cervical dislocation?

a. < 200 g b. < 250 g c. < 300 g d. Cervical dislocation is considered unacceptable in rats regardless of weight

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Answer: a. < 200 g References:

1) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, pp. 38, 49, 80, 83, 100 (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf)

2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 20 – Euthanasia and Necropsy, pp. 666-667


Domain 5; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 157. Which of the following best describes the hyperkeratosis associated with Corynebacterium bovis infection in mice?

a. Low morbidity and low mortality b. Manipulation and contact by personnel has a non-significant risk of transmission c. Patient derived xenograft tumor tissue as source of horizontal infection d. qPCR evaluation of exhaust air dust (EAD) from an IVC system IS NOT a sensitive

method for detection Answer: c. Patient derived xenograft tumor tissue as source of horizontal infection References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Disease of Mice, pp. 112-113

2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Aerobic Gram-Positive Organisms, pp. 399-402

3) Manuel et al. 2017. Detection and elimination of Corynebacterium bovis from barrier rooms by using an environmental sampling surveillance program. JAALAS 56(2):202-209

4) Manuel et al. 2017. Procedure for horizontal transfer of patient-derived xenograft tumors to eliminate Corynebacterium bovis. JAALAS 56(2):166-172

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 158. Which of the following receptor classes is associated with the action and selectivity of buprenorphine?

a. Mu-agonist; Kappa-antagonist b. Mu-agonist; Partial Kappa-agonist c. Mu-antagonist; Kappa-agonist d. Partial mu-agonist; Kappa-antagonist e. Partial mu-agonist; Partial kappa-agonist

Answer: d. Partial mu-agonist; kappa-antagonist References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 24 – Pre-anesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, pp. 1142-1143

2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Pharmacology of Analgesics, pp. 111

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3) Taylor et al. 2016. Analgesic activity of tramadol and buprenorphine after voluntary ingestion by rats (Rattus norvegicus). JAALAS 55(1):74-82

Domain 2 159. Which of the following agents, when administered as a solo agent to mice, was associated with low anesthetic scores, popcorn-like jumping movements post-injection, intense scratching of the face, hyper-responsiveness to noise or touch, and marked limb jerking during recovery?

a. Propofol b. Tiletamine/zolazepam c. Thiopental d. Alphaxalone e. Methohexital

Answer: d. Alphaxalone References: Siriarchavatana et al. 2016. Anesthetic activity of alfaxalone compared with

ketamine in mice. JAALAS 55(4):426-430 Domain 2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 160. Which of the following would be an inappropriate bedding substrate that would confound liver research applications in mice?

a. Aspen b. Beech c. Maple d. Birch e. Pine

Answer: e. Pine References:

1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 3 – Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 9 - Design and Management of Research Facilities for Mice. p. 306


Domain 4; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus) 161. According to Animal Welfare Act and its regulations and the PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, which of the following IS NOT an IACUC function?

a. Review the research facility’s animal care and use program at least once every six months b. Review concerns involving the care and use of animals at the institution c. Review experimental methods or set standards for the design, performance, or conduct of

actual research or experimentation by a research facility d. Review and approve, require modifications, or withhold approval of the proposed activities

related to the care and use of animals e. Review, investigate concerns involving the care and use of animals at the research facility

resulting from public complaints

Answer: c. Review methods or set standards for the design, performance, or conduct of actual research or experimentation by a research facility. References:

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1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, §2.31 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (a) (1-1-16 Edition, p. 56) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

2) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. 2015. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, IV. Implementation by Institutions, B. Functions of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, p. 13

Domain 5 162. Co-infection with cilia-associated respiratory bacillus and what other pathogen can result in suppurative bronchopneumonia in rats?

a. Clostridium piliforme b. Corynebacterium kutcheri c. Mycoplasma pulmonis d. Salmonella typhimurium

Answer: c. Mycoplasma pulmonis References:


2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 14 – Clostridial Species, pp. 350-355; Chapter 15 – Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptobacillus moniliformis, pp. 369-373; Chapter 16 – Aerobic Gram-Positive Organisms, pp. 402-404; and Chapter 18 – Mycoplasma pulmonis, other Murine Mycoplasmas, and Cilia-Associated Respiratory Bacillus, pp. 441-448, 455-458

Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 163. A pig colony experiences a sudden onset of respiratory distress with fever, anorexia, cyanosis, foamy blood tinged nasal discharges and abdominal “thumping.” Young pigs < 6 months of age are mainly affected but a few adults show signs as well. What is the most likely diagnosis?

a. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae b. Bordetella bronchiseptica c. Haemophilus parasuis d. Mycoplasma hyorinis e. Pasteurella multocida

Answer: a. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, pp. 715-716, 720-727

2) Zimmerman JJ, ed. 2012. Diseases of Swine, 10th ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex. Chapter 48 – Actinobacillosis, pp. 653-669

Domain 1; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa) 164. Which gene and mutation in Oryctolagus cuniculus is most commonly linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

a. Point mutation in the α-MyHC gene

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b. Targeted insertions in the α-MyHC gene c. Point mutation in the β-MyHC gene d. Targeted insertions in the β-MyHC gene

Answer: c. Point mutation in the β-MHC gene References:

1) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section II – Rabbits, Chapter 7 – Rabbit Genetics and Transgenic Models, p. 180.

2) Peng. 2012. Transgenic rabbit models for studying human cardiovascular diseases. Comparative Medicine 62(6): 472-479

Domain 3; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 165. Which of the following recommendations apply to purified and chemically defined diets?

a. Storage at 4°C or less b. Use within 90 days of the manufacturing date c. Storage at 21°C or less, and below 50% relative humidity d. Open and store in a clean/sterile environment (e.g. biosafety cabinet)

Answer: a. Storage at 4°C or less References:

1) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 - Environment, Housing and Management, p. 66

2) National Research Council. 1995. Nutrient requirements of laboratory animals, 4th ed. Washington (DC): National Academy Press. Chapter 1 - General Considerations for Feeding and Diet Formulation, p. 5-8

Domain 4 166. A person may not import into the United States any infectious agents of livestock and biological materials containing animal material unless it is accompanied by a permit issued by what agency?

a. CDC b. DOI c. IBC d. NIH e. USDA

Answer: e. USDA References:

1) Importations, CFR, Title 42, Chapter I, Subchapter F, Part 71, Subpart F §71.54 Import regulations for infectious biological agents, infectious substances and vectors (b) (1) https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=1&SID=e170ce9bdb27d491a0e1d31d7bffeb2f&ty=HTML&h=L&r=SECTION&n=42y1.0.1.6.59.6.19.5

2) CFR, Title 9, Chapter I, Subchapter E, Part 122 – Organisms and Vectors, §122.2 Permits required. https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=1d9cb2606b011b0f86b437473eee9260&mc=true&node=pt9.1.122&rgn=div5

3) Import Permit Program. https://www.cdc.gov/phpr/ipp/index.htm Domain 5

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167. Which of the following species is especially susceptible to spontaneous periodontitis?

a. Octodon degu b. Oryzomys palustris c. Mystromys albicaudatus d. Sigmodon hispidus e. Zygodontomys brevicauda

Answer: b. Oryzomys palustris References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, pp. 308 – 309

2) Messer et al. 2017. Prevalence of food impaction-induced periodontitis in conventionally housed marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris). Comparative Medicine 67(1):43–50

Domain 1; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 168. According to the AVMA Guidelines for Euthanasia of Animals (2013 Edition), which of the following applies to euthanasia of chickens?

a. Barbiturates may be used to euthanize chickens intended for consumption or for

diagnostic evaluation b. Crushing of cervical vertebrae is considered acceptable during cervical dislocation in

a conscious chicken c. Electrocution is considered an unacceptable method d. Exposure to CO2, CO, nitrogen, or argon are all methods that are considered

acceptable with conditions e. Exsanguination of a conscious chicken is acceptable with conditions

Answer: d. Exposure to CO2, CO, nitrogen, or argon are all methods that are considered acceptable with conditions References:

1) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, pp. 62-63, 99, 102 (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf)

2) Grimm KA, Lamont LA, Tranquilli WJ, Greene SA, Robertson SA, eds. 2015. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia: the Fifth Edition of Lumb and Jones. Wiley Blackwell: Ames, IA. Section 1 – General Topics, p. 136

Domain 2; Tertiary Species – Chicken (Gallus domestica) 169. Which of the following was the first laboratory animal species derived and maintained in an axenic state?

a. Guinea pig b. Mouse c. Swine d. Rat

Answer: a. Guinea pig Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015.

Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, p. 248

Domain 3; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

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170. Theft or “significant loss” of controlled substances requires immediate reporting to the DEA upon discovery of the loss or theft within how many hours?

a. 24 hours b. 48 hours c. 1 business day d. 1 week

Answer: c. 1 business day References:

1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Regulatory Issues, p. 575

2) Controlled Substances Act, USC Title 21, Section 831, Subchapter I – Control and Enforcement, Part C – Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers of Controlled Substances. §813 Additional requirements relating to online pharmacies and telemedicine.

3) Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1301 — Registration Of Manufacturers, Distributors, And Dispensers Of Controlled Substances; Security Requirements, §1301.76 (b) Other security controls for practitioners.

Domain 5 171. Which institutions are required to appoint a biological safety officer?

a. Every institution that works with biological hazards requires a biological safety officer

b. Institutions that engage in large-scale research or production activities involving viable organisms containing recombinant DNA molecules

c. Institutions that engage in recombinant DNA research at BSL 2 or higher regardless of program scale

d. Any institution utilizing recombinant DNA molecules in research

Answer: b. Institutions that engage in large-scale research or production activities involving viable organisms containing recombinant DNA molecules Reference: NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant of Synthetic Nucleic Acid

Molecules, November 2013. National Institutes of Health. Section IV-B-3 – Biological Safety Officer, p. 28. (http://osp.od.nih.gov/sites/default/files/NIH_Guidelines_0.pdf)

Domain 5 172. What is the most common inherited disease of rabbits?

a. Buphthalmia b. Splay leg c. Hydrocephalus d. Maxillary brachygnathia e. Pituitary dwarfism

Answer: d. Maxillary brachygnathia References:

1) Barthold SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th Edition. Wiley Blackwell: Ames, IA. Chapter 6 – Rabbits, p. 318

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 446

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Domain 1; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 173. Peromyscus spp. are used in neurologic research of _________________. a. Epilepsy and audiogenic seizures b. Meningitis

c. Gliobastomas d. Spinal cord injury

Answer: a. Epilepsy and audiogenic seizures References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and Disease of Other Rodents, p. 307

2) Martin at al. 2016. Cost and effectiveness of commercially available nesting substrates for deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). JAALAS 55(4):412-418.

Domain 3; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 174. A rhesus macaque is on week 4 of quarantine in your facility. At 48 h following a tuberculin skin test (TST) in the left eyelid, the animal is observed to have minimum swelling of the palpebrum with moderate erythema. Based on this finding, your next course of action is?

a. Designate a reaction grade 4: Extend quarantine period and consider all animals in the shipment exposed.

b. Designate a reaction grade 5: Cull and proceed to diagnostic necropsy, reserving tissues for culture.

c. Designate a reaction grade 3: Repeat the TST in the opposite eyelid or a shaved region of the abdomen.

d. Designate a reaction grade 2: Attribute reaction to improper administration of the TST or nonspecific reactivity to the vehicle.

Answer: c. Designate a reaction grade 3: Repeat the TST in the opposite eyelid or a shaved region of the abdomen References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 832, 857

2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases of Nonhuman Primates, pp. 114-115

Domain 4: Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.) 175. In relation to which type of animals were the so-called “Five Freedoms” first developed?

a. Hens used in egg production b. Agricultural animals c. Animals used in biomedical research d. Animals used in field sports e. Wild animals

Answer: b. Agricultural animals Reference: Suckow, MA, KA Stevens, RP Wilson, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea

Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 – Ethical Considerations and Regulatory Issues, p. 5.

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Domain 5 176. Corynebacterium kutcheri causes which of the following in rats?

a. Abortion b. Pseudotuberculosis c. Renal failure d. Sialodacryoadenitis

Answer: b. Pseudotuberculosis References:


2) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Aerobic Gram-Positive Organisms, pp. 402-404

Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 177. Which one of the following IS NOT a true opioid agonist? a. Fentanyl b. Morphine

c. Buprenorphine d. Methadone

Answer: c. Buprenorphine References:

1) Flecknell, Paul. 2015. Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 4 – Analgesia and Post-Operative Care, p. 178.

2) Carlson et al. 2016. Pharmacokinetics of 2 formulations of transdermal fentanyl in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). JAALAS 55(4):436-442

Domain 2 178. Which of the following is considered a congenic mouse strain?

a. BN/Rj b. RjHan:WI c. C57BL/6J-Aw-j d. B6.129(Cg)- CCr2tm2.1/lfc e. B6*129(Cg)- CCr2tm2.1/lfc

Answer: d. B6.129(Cg)- CCr2tm2.1/lfc References:

1) Flurkey K, Currer JM, Leiter EH, Witham B, eds. 2009. The Jackson Laboratory Handbook on Genetically Standardized Mice, 6th edition. The Jackson Laboratory: Bar Harbor, ME. Chapter 3 – Categories of Laboratory Mice – Definitions, Uses, Nomenclature, p. 57.

2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition. Academic Press: London. Chapter 5 – Mouse Strain and Genetic Nomenclature: An Abbreviated Guide, p. 81.

Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

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179. Which of the following IS NOT a “must” requirement related to provision of emergency veterinary care according to the 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals?

a. Availability of PI or laboratory designee to assess the animals during and outside of regularly scheduled hours

b. Procedures enable animal care and research staff to make timely reports of animal injury, illness, or death

c. Availability of a veterinarian or veterinarian’s designee to expeditiously assess an animal’s condition, treat the animal, investigate an unexpected death, or advise on euthanasia

d. Delegated authority of the veterinarian to intervene on behalf of the animal Answer: a. Availability of PI or laboratory designee to assess the animals during and outside of regularly scheduled hours Reference: National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 74 and Chapter 4 – Veterinary, p. 114 Domain 4 180. What government agency provides guidance on hazard control and assessment?

a. AALAS b. DHHS c. NIOSH d. USDA

Answer: c. NIOSH References:

1) Committee on Occupational Safety and Health in Research Animal Facilities, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council. 1997. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals. National Academy Press, DC. Chapter 2 – Program Design and Management, pp. 24-25

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 40.

Domain 5 181. Which of the following IS NOT associated with natural Helicobacter infections in mice?

a. Uterine hemorrhage and fetal resorption b. A strong Th2 proinflammatory response c. Development of prostatic carcinoma d. Hepatic hemangiosarcoma

Answer: b. A strong Th2 proinflammatory response References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and diseases of mice, pp. 106 – 110

2) Bracken et al. 2017. Helicobacter infection significantly alters pregnancy success in laboratory mice. JAALAS 56(3): 322–329

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 182. Which of the following IS NOT a typical characteristic of outbred mice?

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a. Lower cost b. Relatively short lifespan c. Resistant to disease d. High fecundity e. Heterogenous genetics

Answer: b. Relatively short lifespan References:


2) Fox, JG, MT Davisson, FW Quimby, SW Barthold, CE Newcomer, AL Smith. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research: History, Wild Mice and Genetics, 2nd edition. Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Mouse Strain and Genetic Nomenclature: An Abbreviated Guide, p. 83

Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 183. Exhaust air dust monitoring has been shown to have detection capabilities equal or superior to soiled-bedding sentinels for all of the following organisms EXCEPT?

a. Pasteurella pneumotropica b. Mouse hepatitis virus c. Mouse parvovirus d. Fur mites e. Pinworms

Answer: c. Mouse parvovirus References:

1) Bauer et al. 2016. Influence of rack design and disease prevalence on detection of rodent pathogens in exhaust debris samples from individually ventilated caging systems. JAALAS 55(6):782-788

2) Jensen et al. 2013. PCR testing of a ventilated caging system to detect murine fur mites. JAALAS 52(1):28-33


Domain 4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 184. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, which of the following applies to elevated resting surfaces in primary enclosures for cats?

a. Primary enclosures for cats do not need resting surfaces b. Resting surfaces need to be sized to hold only one cat at a time c. Resting surfaces that do not allow space under them to be comfortably occupied by

cats will count as floor space d. If multiple cats are in a primary enclosure, resting surfaces must be placed at different

heights Answer: c. Resting surfaces that do not allow space under them to be comfortably occupied by cats will count as floor space References:

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1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 13 – Biology and Diseases of Cats, pp. 560-561

2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart A – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats, §3.6 Primary enclosures, (b) Additional requirements for cats, (4) Resting surfaces (1-1-19 Edition, p. 119) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

Domain 5; Secondary Species – Cat (Felis domestica) 185. Which of the following is a characteristic of Pneumocystis carinii infection in immunocompetent rats?

a. Disease associated with Pneumocystis infection in rats is characterized by bronchopneumonia and fibrinosuppurative pleuritis

b. Infection results in rhinitis with focal to diffuse necrosis of the epithelial cells and hyperplastic to suppurative bronchitis and focal alveolitis in the lungs

c. Clinical signs associated with infection occur sporadically; reduced litter size, runted litters, and fetal and neonatal deaths may be observed.

d. Rats may develop a transient multifocal disease with interstitial pneumonia and perivascular lymphocyte cuffing

e. Microscopic changes associated with the disease include a mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, hyperplastic respiratory epithelia with loss of ciliated surfaces, and focal alveolitis

Answer: d. Rats may develop a transient multifocal disease with interstitial pneumonia and perivascular lymphocyte cuffing References:

1) Barthold, SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH, eds. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 4th edition, Blackwell Publishing: Ames, IA. Chapter 2 – Rat, p. 147.


Domain 1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 186. What is the age limit for the use of hypothermia as a method of anesthesia in mice and rats? a. Up to 3 days of age b. Up to 7 days of age

c. Up to 14 days of age d. Up to 21 days of age

Answer: b. Up to 7 days of age References:

1) Hedrich Hans, ed. 2004. The Laboratory Mouse. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5.4 – Anaesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 750

2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, and Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Anesthesia and Analgesia for Laboratory Rodents, p. 278

Domain 2; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus) and Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 187. Which of the following species is the preferred/most commonly utilized laboratory animal for the production of polyclonal antibodies?

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a. Sheep b. Rat c. Mouse d. Rabbit e. Dog

Answer: d. Rabbit References:


2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press/Elsevier: San Diego, CA. Section II – Rabbits, Chapter 11 – Polyclonal Antibody Production, p. 259

Domain 3; Primary Species – Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 188. When used as the primary light source for the light:dark cycle within a rodent holding room, which of the following has been shown to produce the greatest positive impact on pineal gland melatonin production and subsequent circadian regulation of neuroendocrine, metabolic and physiologic parameters associated with the promotion of rodent health and well-being?

a. Cool white florescent (CWF) light filtered through clear translucent cages b. CWF light filtered through blue-tinted cages c. CWF light filtered through red-tinted cages d. Blue-enriched white light emitting diodes (LED) filtered through clear translucent

cages e. Blue-enriched white LED filtered through red-tinted cages

Answer: d. Blue-enriched white light emitting diodes (LED) filtered through clear translucent cages References:

1) Dauchy et al. 2016. Effects of daytime exposure to light from blue-enriched light-emitting diodes on the nighttime melatonin amplitude and circadian regulation of rodent metabolism and physiology. Comparative Medicine 66(5):373-383

2) Dauchy et al. 2015. Daytime blue light enhances the nighttime circadian melatonin inhibition of human prostate cancer growth. Comparative Medicine 65(6):473-485

Domain 4 189. An immune competent C57BL/6J presents with flaccid posterior paralysis. Histopathology of the spinal cord reveals acute necrosis of ganglion cells and neurons, as well as perivascular inflammation, primarily in the brain stem and ventral horn. The most likely cause of disease in this mouse is?

a. Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus infection b. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis c. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection d. Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus infection e. Trauma

Answer: a. Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus infection References:

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2) Barthold, SW, Griffey SM, Percy DH, eds. 2016. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd edition, Blackwell Publishing: Ames, IA. Chapter 1 – Mouse, pp. 39-40

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 190. Which of the following anatomical features makes it difficult to perform orotracheal intubation in guinea pigs?

a. Complete tracheal rings b. Crista ventralis c. Torus linguae d. Palatal ostium e. Pharyngeal diverticulum

Answer: d. Palatal ostium References:

1) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Part III – Guinea Pigs; Chapter 20 – Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavior, p. 581

2) Quesenberry K and Carpenter JW. 2012. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents, 3rd ed. Chapter 31 – Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sedation of Small Mammals, p. 433

Domain 1; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) 191. A documented side effect of buprenorphine-SR injection in mice is _______________.

a. Change in body weight b. Slowing of gastrointestinal tract motility c. Slowing of general activity d. Local dermatitis at injection site e. Elevated hematocrit

Answer: d. Local dermatitis at injection site References:

1) Carbone et al. 2012. Duration of action of sustained-release buprenorphine in 2 strains of mice. JAALAS 51(6):815-819

2) Clark et al. 2014. Pharmacokinetic comparison of sustained-release and standard buprenorphine in mice. JAALAS 53(4):387-391

Domain 2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 192. Which of the following statements applies to the estrous cycle in female rats?

a. Humidity-dependent b. Light-sensitive c. Only dependent on housing conditions d. Temperature-dependent

Answer: b. Light–sensitive References:


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2) Sharp P, Villano J, eds. 2013. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. CRC Press: Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL. Section 1 – Important Biological Features, pp. 26-29

3) Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds. 2006. The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Reproduction and Breeding, pp. 149-151

Domain 4; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 193. The Lacey Act authorizes which federal agency to regulate what activities?

a. CDC; Prohibit import, export, or interstate commerce of listed species b. FWS; Transportation, importation, or sale or purchase of any fish, wildlife, or plant c. PHS; Imported dogs and cats must be free of rabies d. USDA; Transfer of toxins that have the potential to pose severe threat to animal health

Answer: b. FWS; Transportation, importation, or sale or purchase of any fish, wildlife, or plant References:

1) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Law Enforcement. Title 18- Crimes and Criminal Procedure; 18 USC 42-43 16 USC 3371-3378. Lacey Act https://www.fws.gov/le/pdffiles/Lacey.pdf


3) https://www.fws.gov/international/laws-treaties-agreements/us-conservation-laws/lacey-act.html

4) https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/planthealth/import-information/SA_Lacey_Act Domain 5 194. Which of the following statements best describes the social characteristics of Heterocephalus glaber?

a. Only a single female (the queen) reproduces with 1 to 3 breeding males b. Eusocial animal with multifemale, multimale reproduction c. Monogamous pairs d. Polygamous pairs e. Only the dominant male (king) reproduces with 1 to 3 breeding females

Answer: a. Only a single female (the queen) reproduces with 1 to 3 breeding males References:

1) Chenlin et al. 2017. Breeding and rearing naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) under laboratory conditions. JAALAS 56(1):98–101

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 - Biology and Diseases of Rodents, p. 330

Domain 1; Tertiary Species - Other Rodents 195. Which of the following rodents has an incomplete circle of Willis and is used to study the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia following ligation of one common carotid artery?

a. Heterocephalus glaber b. Mastomys natalensis c. Meriones unguiculatus d. Mystromys albicaudatus e. Peromyscus maniculatus

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Answer: c. Meriones unguiculatus References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Biology and diseases of other rodents, pp. 307, 314, 316, 324-325, 329

2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section VI – Other Rodents, Chapter 45 – Naked Mole Rat, pp. 1069-1071; Chapter 46 – Deer Mice, White-Footed Mice, and Their Relatives, pp. 1077-1078; Chapter 51 – White-Tailed Rat, p. 1129; and Chapter 52 – Gerbils, p. 1146

Domain 3; Secondary Species – Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) 196. In what year was the mouse genome completely and robustly sequenced for the first time?

a. 2000 b. 2002 c. 1999 d. 2001

Answer: b. 2002 References:


2) Harkness JE, Turner PV, VandeWoude S, Wheler CL. 2010. Harkness and Wagner’s Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents, 5th ed. Wiley-Blackwell: Ames, IA. Chapter 2 – Biology and Husbandry, p. 83.

Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 197. According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, for how long must records of IACUC-approved activities be kept?

a. As long as the protocol is active b. For the duration of the activity and for 3 years following c. For 3 years, or for as long as the activity is ongoing d. For 7 years e. There is no requirement for the number of years records must be maintained

Answer: b. For the duration of the activity and for 3 years following References:


2) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research facilities, §2.35 (f) Recordkeeping Requirement (1-1-16 Edition, p. 65) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

Domain 5 198. Which of the following best describes spontaneous diseases in BALB/c mice?

a. Low incidence of myocardial calcification and high incidence of blindness b. Low incidence of ulcerative dermatitis and high incidence of deafness

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c. Prone to seizures and develop mammary adenocarcinomas d. Tend to develop multicentric lymphoma and entropion

Answer: d. Tend to develop multicentric lymphoma and entropion References:

1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Spontaneous Diseases in Commonly Used Mouse Strains, pp. 639-643

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 129-130, 134-136

Domain 1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 199. Which of the following best describes a Hsd:NIHS mouse?

a. Congenic strain b. F1 hybrid strain c. Mixed inbred strain d. Outbred stock

Answer: d. Outbred stock References:

1) International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice and Rat Genome and Nomenclature Committee. Guidelines for Nomenclature of Mouse and Rat Strains. January 2016 (http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/strains.shtml#outbreds)

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 52

3) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 – History, Wild Mice, and Genetics. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Mouse Strain and Genetic Nomenclature: An Abbreviated Guide, pp. 83-85, 87

Domain 3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 200. For which of the following species is gastrointestinal calcium absorption not strictly regulated by vitamin D3?

a. Cavia porcellus b. Mus musculus c. Mesocricetus auratus d. Oryctolagus cuniculus e. Rattus norvegicus

Answer: d. Oryctolagus cuniculus References:


2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section II – Rabbits, Chapter 8 – Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavior, p. 205

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3) Quesenberry K, Carpenter JW. 2011. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edition. Elsevier: St. Louis, MO. Chapter 14 – Gastrointestinal Physiology and Nutrition, p. 187

Domain 4; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 201. Which organization ruled to classify all chimpanzees, both wild and captive, as endangered under the Endangered Species Act?

a. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora b. International Air Transport Association c. National Institutes of Health d. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service e. World Organization for Animal Health

Answer: d. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, pp. 33-34

2) https://www.fws.gov/endangered/what-we-do/chimpanzee.html Domain 5; Tertiary Species - Other Nonhuman Primates 202. A pelvic and abdominal ultrasound evaluation was performed on a 21-year-old, female rhesus macaque. Several large fluid-filled masses were observed. Aspiration of the masses via laparoscopy yielded a thick brown fluid. What is the best treatment plan to prevent the progression of the condition?

a. Treatment with an anti-inflammatory agent b. Treatment with an antiviral agent c. Hysterectomy and removal of cysts d. Ovariectomy and removal of cysts e. Ovariohysterectomy and removal of cysts

Answer: e. Ovariohysterectomy and removal of cysts References:

1) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Volume 2 – Diseases, Chapter 10 – Urogenital System, pp. 510-514

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 899-900.

Domain 1; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.) 203. What is considered the main glucocorticoid involved in regulation of stress responses in mice?

a. Cortisol b. Corticosterone c. Oxytocin d. Epinephrine e. Norepinephrine

Answer: b. Corticosterone References:

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1) National Research Council. 2008. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Recognition and Assessment of Stress and Distress, p. 37

2) Uarquin et al. 2016. Effect of overcrowding on hair corticosterone concentrations in juvenile male Wistar rats. JAALAS 55(6): 749-755

Domain 2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 204. What is the recommended pH range for zebrafish?

a. pH 5.0 – 7.0 b. pH 6.0 – 7.0 c. pH 7.0 – 8.0 d. pH 7.0 – 9-0

Answer: c. pH 7.0 – 8.0 References:


2) Harper C, Lawrence C, eds. 2011. The Laboratory Zebrafish. CRC Press: Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL. Section 3 – Life Support, p. 110-111

Domain 4; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio) 205. Which of the following are classified by APHIS and CDC as select agent categories A, B, and C, respectively?

a. Francisella tularensis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Hantavirus b. Hantavirus, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Francisella tularensis c. Machupo, Lassa, Francisella tularensis d. Ricin toxin, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Francisella tularensis e. Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Clostridium perfringens (epsilon toxin).

Answer: a. Francisella tularensis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Hantavirus Reference: Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in

Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – Biosafety in Laboratories using Nonhuman Primates, pp. 441-444

Domain 5 206. Which of the following necropsy findings is typically associated with guinea pig cytomegalovirus infection?

a. Karyomegaly of salivary gland epithelium b. Large basophilic inclusion bodies in multiple organs c. Villus atrophy in small intestine d. Granulomatous pneumonia

Answer: a. Karyomegaly of salivary gland epithelium References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea pigs, p. 262

2) Percy DH and Barthold SW. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd edition. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 5 – Guinea Pig, p. 222

Domain 1; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

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207. Which of the following is an expected effect of tiletamine-zolazepam in Pan troglodytes?

a. Cyclohexylamine-induced seizures b. Increased blood pressure c. Increased cardiac output d. Increased myocardial contractility e. Ventricular premature complexes

Answer: e. Ventricular premature complexes References:

1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 12 – Anesthesia and Analgesia in Nonhuman Primates, pp. 344-345

2) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 - Biology and Management, Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Anesthesia and Analgesia in Nonhuman Primates, p. 409

3) Magden et al. 2016. Use of an implantable loop recorder in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) to monitor cardiac arrhythmias and assess the effects of acupuncture and laser therapy. Comparative Medicine 66(1):52-58

Domain 2; Tertiary Species – Other Nonhuman Primates 208. What is the correct nomenclature for a mouse produced by the transfer of the shiverer mutation in the myelin basic protein (Mbpshi) from the 129P substrain to the C57BL/6 strain through 10+ generations of backcrossing at Jackson Laboratory?

a. B6.129P- Mbpshi /J b. B6;129P- Mbpshi /J c. B6.Cg- Mbpshi /J d. C.129P(B6)- Mbpshi /J e. B6 X 129P- Mbpshi /J

Answer: a. B6.129P- Mbpshi /J References:

1) Flurkey K, Currer JM, Leiter EH, Witham B, eds. 2009. The Jackson Laboratory Handbook on Genetically Standardized Mice, 6th edition. The Jackson Laboratory: Bar Harbor, ME. Chapter 3 – Categories of Laboratory Mice – Definitions, Uses, Nomenclature, p. 57

2) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 – History, Wild Mice, and Genetics. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 5 – Mouse Strain and Genetic Nomenclature: An Abbreviated Guide, pp. 80-87

Domain 3; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus) 209. What is the suggested space requirement for Danio rerio according to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals? a. 2 adult fish per liter of water b. 4 adult fish per liter of water c. 5 adult fish per liter of water d. 6 adult fish per liter of water e. 8 adult fish per liter of water Answer: c. 5 adult fish per liter of water

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Reference: National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 – Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 83

Domain 4; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio) 210. What is the short-term exposure limit for carbon dioxide for employees exposed in a 15 minute time interval?

a. 500 ppm b. 5,000 ppm c. 30,000 ppm d. 40,000 ppm

Answer: c. 30,000 ppm References:

1) Amparan et al. 2014. Exposure of research personnel to carbon dioxide during euthanasia procedures. JAALAS 53(4):376-380

2) https://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/inorganic/id172/id172.html Domain 5 211. When housing nonhuman primates, Asian monkeys should not have direct contact with African species due to concerns of exposure to: a. Yellow Fever b. SRV c. SIV d. Dengue Fever e. Monkey pox Answer: c. SIV References:

1) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardiff S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 - Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 – Viral Diseases of Nonhuman Primates, pp. 69-70

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 871-875, 878-879

Domain 1; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.) 212. Which of the following species would be regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture?

a. Meleagris gallopava as a model of dilated cardiomyopathy b. Aplysia californica in a behavior study for memory learning c. Suncus murinus in testing the efficacy of novel antiemetics d. Capra hircus in evaluating the feed efficiency of a new maintenance diet

Answer: c. Suncus murinus in testing the efficacy of novel antiemetics References:

1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 1 – Definition of Terms, §1.1 Definitions (1-1-16 Edition, pp. 31-32) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

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2) Animal Care. January 2002. APHIS Fact Sheet: The Animal Welfare Act. (http://www.ca-biomed.org/pdf/media-kit/oversight/USDAAWA.pdf)

Domain 5; Tertiary Species - Other Rodents 213. One of your technicians has expressed interest in obtaining Laboratory Animal Technologist certification. This individual has a high school degree but no other AALAS certifications and has been working in a lab animal facility for 2 years. How many more years of experience will this technician need before they are eligible to sit for the certification exam?

a. 0.5 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 5

Answer: b. 1 Reference: Technician Certification Handbook. https://www.aalas.org/certification/technician-

certification/technician-certification-resources Domain 6 214. A marmoset colony begins showing rapidly progressing gastrointestinal signs with edema of the periorbital region. Necropsy performed on animals that have died revealed necrotizing gastroenteritis with syncytia in the GI epithelium. What viral disease you should be most worried about? a. Measles b. SIV c. Ebola d. Polio Answer: a. Measles References:

1) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardiff S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 - Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 – Viral Diseases of Nonhuman Primates, p. 44

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 875-877

Domain 1; Secondary Species – Marmoset/Tamarins (Callitrichidae) 215. Rapid immersion in ice-chilled water for at least 10-20 minutes following loss of opercular movement is considered an acceptable form of euthanasia for which of the following?

a. Zebrafish of all ages b. Zebrafish adult and fry c. Adult goldfish d. Larval trout

Answer: b. Zebrafish adult and fry References:

1) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, p. 69-73 (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf)

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2) Matthews and Varga. 2012. Anesthesia and euthanasia in zebrafish. ILAR Journal 53(2):192-204

3) Wilson et al. 2009. Evaluation of rapid cooling and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222) as methods of euthanasia in zebrafish (Danio rerio). JAALAS 48(6):785-789

Domain 2; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio) 216. Which of the following is the minimum recommended height for cats < 4 kg housed in a primary enclosure in pairs or groups?

a. 160 centimeters b. 16 inches c. 40 centimeters d. 24 inches

Answer: d. 24 inches References:

1) Animal Welfare Regulations, CFR Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare, Part 3 – Standards, Subpart A – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats, §3.6 Primary enclosures (b) Additional requirements for cats (1) Space (ii) (A) (1-1-16 Edition, p.118) (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_FINAL_2017_508comp.pdf)

2) National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington D.C. Chapter 3 - Environment, Housing, and Management p. 59

Domain 4; Secondary Species - Cat (Felis domestica) 217. Dantrolene would be indicated as treatment for which condition? a. Thrombocytopenic purpura b. Glasser’s disease

c. Nematodes d. Malignant hyperthermia/Porcine stress syndrome e. Gastric ulcers

Answer: d. Malignant hyperthermia/Porcine stress syndrome References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 16 – Biology and Disease of Swine, p. 875

2) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, and Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 15 – Anesthesia and Analgesia in Swine, p. 426

Domain 1; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa) 218. What nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA virus has recently been detected at a high prevalence in commercial and noncommercial colonies but has been shown to cause no overt clinical disease or pathology even in immunocompromised mice? a. Pneumovirus b. Astrovirus

c. Symbiotic virus d. Parapavirus e. Calicivirus

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Answer: b. Astrovirus References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 3 – Biology and Disease of Mice, p. 99

2) Compton at al. 2017. Murine astrovirus infection and transmission in neonatal CD1 mice. JAALAS 56(4):402-411

Domain 1; Primary Species (Mus musculus) 219. According to the 5th edition of the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus are recommended to be housed in containment facilities when working with __________.

a. Animal Biosafety Level 1; laboratory-adapted strains b. Animal Biosafety Level 2; aerosolized samples c. Animal Biosafety Level 3; mouse brain-passaged strains d. Animal Biosafety Level 3; aerosolized samples e. Animal Biosafety Level 2; infected hamsters

Answer: d. Biosafety Level 3; aerosolization References:

1) Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds. 2007. The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 7 – Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus, pp. 204-205

2) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. 2009. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 5th ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Section VIII-E: Viral Agents, pp. 216 (https://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/bmbl5_sect_viii.pdf)

Domain 4; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus Musculus) 220. Tramadol is classified as which of the following controlled substance schedules?

a. I b. II c. III d. IV e. Non-controlled substance

Answer: d. IV References:

1) Fish RE, Brown MJ, Danneman PJ, Karas AZ, eds. 2008. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Regulatory Issues, p. 574 (Table 25-1)

2) http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/index.html 3) https://www.nabp.net/news/dea-classifies-tramadol-a-controlled-substance 4) http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2014/fr0702.htm

Domain 5 221. Which of the following IS NOT a distinguishing characteristic of male Xenopus laevis?

a. Males are smaller than the females b. Males have keratin pads on their thumbs

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c. Males vocalize to attract a mate d. Males have a penile papilla

Answer: d. Males have a penile papilla References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 18 – The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, pp. 943-944

2) Green, SL. 2009. The Laboratory Xenopus sp., 1st edition. CRC Press. Chapter 1 - Important Biological Features, pp. 2, 4-5

Domain 1; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis) 222. Of the options below, which euthanasia method was determined to provide the most rapid and effective method of euthanasia for zebra finches?

a. Isoflurane anesthesia followed by intracoelomic injection of sodium pentobarbital b. Sodium pentobarbital intracoelomically while awake and physically restrained c. CO2 asphyxiation at 20% chamber displacement rates (% of chamber volume per minute) d. CO2 asphyxiation at 40% chamber displacement rates (% of chamber volume per minute) e. CO2 asphyxiation at 80% chamber displacement rates (% of chamber volume per minute)

Answer b. Sodium pentobarbital intracoelomically while awake and physically restrained References:

1) Scott et al. 2017. Evaluation of best practices for the euthanasia of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). JAALAS 56(6):802-806

2) American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, pp. 48-49 (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf).

Domain 2; Tertiary Species – Other Birds 223. You consult with a researcher to improve reproductive efficiency in their zebrafish. Which of the following would be most likely to improve reproduction?

a. Switch breeding animals to static tank for the day and back into in-tank housing at night

b. Adult female zebrafish prefer the odor of related, familiar males, so choose males reared and maintained with the females as breeders

c. Ensure calcium and magnesium levels are between 80 and 200 ppm, since low water hardness or calcium levels are associated with low embryo survival rates

d. Set up tank with silt on the bottom, as Zebrafish preferentially spawn over silt versus other substrates

Answer: c. Ensure calcium and magnesium levels are between 80 and 200 ppm, since low water hardness or calcium levels are associated with low embryo survival rates References:


2) Harper C, Lawrence C. 2010. The Laboratory Zebrafish. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, pp. 49-52

Domain 4; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio) 224. Which of the following best describes the Time to Integrate to Nest Test (TINT)?

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a. A positive outcome is recorded when the mice integrate new material into their home nest within 10 mins of placement

b. Mice raised naïve to nesting material show a significant delay in this test c. Group housed mice take longer to integrate nesting material when compared to singly

house mice d. The TINT is a poor indicator of wellbeing

Answer: a. A positive outcome is recorded when the mice integrate new material into their home nest within 10 mins of placement References:

1) Rock et al. 2014. The time-to-integrate-to-nest as an indicator of wellbeing in laboratory mice. JAALAS 53(1):24-28

2) Rock et al. 2014. Housing condition and nesting experience do not affect the Time to Integrate to Nest Test (TINT). Animal Welfare 23: 381-385.

Domain 2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) 225. An adult New Zealand White Rabbit has been euthanized after showing clinical signs of convulsions, tremor and torticollis. Pathology reveals granulomatous encephalitis and multiple, pitted lesions on the kidneys. Which agent would be most likely involved as the cause of these findings?

a. Escherichia coli b. Streptococcus pneumonia c. Myxomatosis d. Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Answer: d. Encephalitozoon cuniculi References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 10 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 439-440

2) Barthold SW, Percy DH, eds. 2007. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd edition. Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa. Chapter 6 – Rabbit, pp. 290-291

Domain 1; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 226. Rapid freezing may be used as a method of euthanasia for amphibians such as Xenopus if they weigh less than __________?

a. 4 g b. 5 g c. 6 g d. 7 g e. 8 g

Answer: a. 4 g Reference: American Veterinary Medical Association. 2013. AVMA Guidelines for the

Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, p. 78 (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf) Domain 2; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis) 227. Which of the following lists the hierarchy of controls from the most effective to the least effective in controlling biological hazards?

a. Elimination of hazard, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, PPE b. Elimination of the hazard, PPE, engineering controls, administrative controls, substitution

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c. Elimination of the hazard, substitution, PPE, engineering controls, administrative controls d. Elimination of the hazard, engineering controls, PPE, administrative controls, substitution

Answer: a. Elimination of hazard, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, PPE References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 30 - Occupational Health of Laboratory Animal Workers, p. 1389.

2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Workplace Safety and Health Topics. Hierarchy of Controls. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hierarchy/

Domain 4 228. Which of the following is found in guinea pigs, has NK cytotoxic activity in vitro, and may be linked to cancer resistance in this species?

a. Basophil b. Eosinophil c. Foa-Kurloff d. Heterophil

Answer: c. Foa-Kurloff References: 1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory

Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 6 - Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, pp. 249-251

2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section III – Guinea Pigs, Chapter 20 – Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavior, pp. 584-585

Domain 1; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) 229. Which is the most common site for venipuncture in the laboratory rabbit?

a. Marginal ear vein b. Saphenous vein c. Cephalic vein d. Jugular vein

Answer: a. Marginal ear vein References:

1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 25 – Techniques of Experimentation, p. 1208-1209

2) Suckow MA, Stevens KA, Wilson RP, eds. 2012. The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster and Other Rodents, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Section II – Rabbits, Chapter 10 – Basic Experimental Methods in the Rabbit, p. 252

Domain 3; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 230. An SIV infected rhesus macaque is found dead after a short course of neurologic clinical signs. Histopathologic examination of the brain reveals leukoencephalomalacia with demyelination and intranuclear inclusion bodies. Which of the following etiologic agents is compatible with the history and pathologic findings?

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a. Cercopithecene herpes virus 2 b. Herpes simplex virus 1 c. Rhesus cytomegalovirus d. Simian parvovirus e. Simian virus 40

Answer: e. Simian virus 40 References:

1) Abee CR, Mansfield K, Tardif S, Morris T, eds. 2012. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 1 – Viral Diseases of Nonhuman Primates, pp. 31

2) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto G, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, eds. 2015. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 3rd edition. Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 17 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 869.

Domain 1; Primary Species - Macaques (Macaca spp.)

END OF EXAM