GCSE Psychology

PAPER 2 REVISION BOOKLET

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Target grade:

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Exam dates:

Social Influence

Key terms: Majority influence:

Conformity:

Crowd and collective behaviour:

Obedience:

Situational factors:

Normative conformity:

Group norm:

Defining and measuring crime- Test Yourself: Why is it important that people obey?

What is the difference between small crowd and collective behaviour?

What is the difference between obedience and conformity?

What is the difference between Pro and Anti-social behaviour?

The effect on Situational factors on behaviour - Test Yourself: What are situational factors?

According to Asch, what reduces the rate of conformity?

Why did the participants in Asch’s study comply?

What’s the difference between in group and out group?

Why might a crowd turn violent?

What is meant by deindividuation?

How could someone become deindividuated?

Children in which culture are more likely to demonstrate pro-social behaviour?

Why do people obey authority figures?

Bickman (1974) – a study into the social power of uniform- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Key terms:

Dispositional:

Locus of control:

Morality:

Psychopath:

The effect of dispositional factors on behaviours - Test Yourself: According to Adorno, why are people with an authoritarian personality more likely to obey?

Why is having a low self-esteem going to make you more likely to conform?

What is the difference between an internal and external locus of control?

How are people with an internal locus of control more likely to behave in a crowd behaviour?

What is the link between morality and pro-social behaviour?

What are Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

NatCen, Morrell, Scott, McNeish and Webster (2011) a study into the August riots in England- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Key terms:

Minority influence:

Majority Influence:

Memory

Application: Changing attitudes- Test Yourself: How can the minority become influential?

How does the Time to Change charity aim to improve attitudes to mental health?

How can role models help to change opinions?

How can the majority have an impact of people’s attitudes?

Memory

Key terms:

Brain Structure

Semantic memory

Autobiographical memory

Auditory cortex

Information processing

Information processing and structures of the brain- test yourself

What are the three stages of information processing the memory?

Why do we use a computer analogy to help us understand memory and other processes?

What types of memories does the hippocampus process?

What is retrograde amnesia?

What is anterograde amnesia?

Damage to the cerebellum will cause problems with what type of memory?

Key terms:

Decay:

Short term memory:

Maintenance rehearsal:

Long term memory:

Sensory memory:

Attention:

The Multi store model of memory- test yourself Draw the model

How does information pass from STM to LTM?

What is the capacity of STM?

What is the capacity of LTM?

What happens when too much information is passed to STM?

How is information encoded in LTM?

Why has the role of rehearsal been criticised by other psychologist’s?

Wilson et al- Prominent and persistent loss of past awareness in amnesia- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Key term:

Schema:

Reconstructive memory:

Confabulation:

Chronological order:

Leading questions:

Brain activity:

Reconstructive memory-test yourself How might a schema lead to a false memory?

What is the problem with using Bartlett’s War of the ghost’s study to support this theory?

How can leading questions cause problems for eye witness testimony?

How do our previous experiences cause problems for our memory recall?

This study is reductionist, explain what this means.

Braun et al How advertising can change our memories from the past- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Psychological Problems

Application: the changing role of education-test yourself How can the use of cues improve our memory recall?

How do advertisers use repetition and what does this do?

Why do advertisers avoid overload?

Why is autobiographical advertising a favourite of the advertising companies?

Sleep and Dreaming Key terms:

Slow wave sleep

hypothalamus

Sleep stages

REM sleep

The functions, features and benefits of sleep- test yourself What are the benefits of s good night’s sleep?

Why is REM sleep so important to the brain?

What stress hormone is reduced by a good night’s sleep?

How many stages of sleep are there and what are they?

What is our sleep/wake cycle governed by?

Why is melatonin so important?

Name two types of sleep disorder and state how they are different.

Key terms:

Freudian theory

Unconscious mind

Repression

Wish fulfilment

The Freudian theory of dreaming- test yourself What is the difference between manifest content and latent content?

According to Freud why do desires come out in our dreams?

What type of thoughts are kept in our unconscious mind?

Why is this theory subjective and why is this a disadvantage?

Why is this theory historically biased?

What might a dream about a horse mean? What is the latent content?

Freud’s Wolfman dream analysis- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Key terms:

Pons

Brain stem

Synthesis

The activation synthesis theory of dreaming- test yourself Which psychologists proposed this theory?

Which part of the sleep cycle does dreaming occur in?

What brain activity do we see during dreams and in which areas?

How does this theory explain dreams?

Which part of the brain is most active during this activity?

How might this explain the bizarre nature of dreams?

Why might this theory be described as reductionist?

What alternative evidence is there to suggest this theory is inaccurate?

Williams et al- The activation synthesis theory of dreaming- Test Yourself:

Aim

Method

Results

Conclusions

Evaluation

Key terms:

Insomnia

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Application- treating sleep disorders- test yourself How can people be helped if their insomnia is due to neural damage?

How What strategies can be used to help relaxation?

What is sleep hygiene?

How can you suggest that can promote good sleep hygiene?