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1
1983 2009 2017
2018
1983
2012
21983-2017(-0.25D)-
3.00%6.50%
9.40%15.40%
22.50%27.50%
42.40%
56.70%61.60% 73.50% 73.50%
76.30%
25.41%
45.31%50.00%
57.14%
70.00%76.67%
85.36%89.07%
92.90%88.12%
91.78% 90.34%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
7 y/o 8 y/o 9 y/o 10 y/o 11 y/o 12 y/o 13 y/o 14 y/o 15 y/o 16 y/o 17 y/o 18 y/o
1983 1986 1990 1995 2000 2006 2010 2017
3
1064 5
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6
Taiwan
JapanKorea
China
Singapore
Hong Kong
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Canada
USA
UK
Australia
7
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81983-2017(-0.25D)-
3.00%6.50%
9.40%15.40%
22.50%27.50%
42.40%
56.70%61.60% 73.50% 73.50%
76.30%
25.41%
45.31%50.00%
57.14%
70.00%76.67%
85.36%89.07%
92.90%88.12%
91.78% 90.34%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
7 y/o 8 y/o 9 y/o 10 y/o 11 y/o 12 y/o 13 y/o 14 y/o 15 y/o 16 y/o 17 y/o 18 y/o
1983 1986 1990 1995 2000 2006 2010 2017
9
Taiwan
JapanKorea
China
Singapore
Hong Kong
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10
<1.0
( ) (n)
1937-1966 Kitamura (1970) 3-18 n not available
NA NA NA
1984/1996(1984-1996 )
Matsumura & Hirai (1999)
,
,
,
3-17 n=17320
13
SE ≤ -0.5 D 17 :
49.3%/65.6%
NA
1986-2014 ,, ,
,
,
( )
5-17
1996-2005,n~1200000
2006-2014,n~3350000
Landoit C for UCVA
NA
Figure 4
Survey of Ophthalmology DOI: (10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.03.006) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
Taiwan
JapanKorea
China
Singapore
Hong Kong
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16
Canada
USA
UK
Australia
Figure 5
Survey of Ophthalmology DOI: (10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.03.006) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
2121
Urban southern China, 2002-20037yr: 7.7%12 years: 49.7%15 years: 78.4%
He, M., et al. (2004). "Refractive error and visual impairment in urban children in southern china." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45(3): 793-799.
Chongqing city, suburban western China7 years: 1.92%12 years: 19.34%15 years: 27.11%Pi, L. H., et al. (2010). "Refractive status and prevalence of refractive errors in suburban school-age children." Int J Med Sci 7(6): 342-353.
Heilongjiang, rural northern China, 2008-20095-9 years: 0.9%10-14 years: 4.5%15-18 years: 8.2%
Li, Z., et al. (2013). "Population-based survey of refractive error among school-aged children in rural northern china: the heilongjiang eye study." ClinExperiment Ophthalmol.
Anyang, central China, 2011-2012grade 1: 3.9%grade 7: 67.3%
Li, S. M., et al. (2013). "Design, Methodology and Baseline Data of a School-based Cohort Study in Central China: The Anyang Childhood Eye Study." Ophthalmic Epidemiol 20(6): 348-359.
Chaoyang district, Beijing, North China, 20117 years: 18.0% 11 -14 years: 67.5%
Lyu, Y., et al. (2015). "Prevalence of and factors associated with myopia in primary school students in the Chaoyang District of Beijing, China." Jpn J Ophthalmol 59(6): 421-429. Taiwan
JapanKorea
China
Singapore
Hong Kong
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Canada
USA
UK
Australia
( ) ( )
≤
SE < -0.5D
≤
Taiwan
JapanKorea
China
Singapore
Hong Kong
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Canada
USA
UK
Australia
Taiwan
JapanKorea
China
Singapore
Hong Kong
Author not available. (2016) continents-28616_960_720.png PNG Image 960x516. Retrieved February 21, 2016, from https://pixabay.com/static/uploads/photo/2012/04/11/15/48/continents-28616_960_720.png
Canada
USA
UK
Australia
≤
≤
≤
≤
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USApreschool: 1-5%, 2003-20075-17 yrs: 9.2% , 1997-1998
Australia, 2003-20056 yr: 1.4%
12 yr: 11.9%
Giordano, L., et al. (2009). "Prevalence of refractive error among preschool children in an urban population: the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study." Ophthalmology 116(4): 739-746, 746 e731-734.Kleinstein, R. N., et al. (2003). "Refractive error and ethnicity in children." Arch Ophthalmol 121(8): 1141-1147.
Ojaimi, E., et al. (2005). "Distribution of ocular biometric parameters and refraction in a population-based study of Australian children." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(8): 2748-2754.
Ip, J. M., et al. (2008). "Ethnic differences in refraction and ocular biometry in a population-based sample of 11-15-year-old Australian children." Eye (Lond) 22(5): 649-656.
UK, 2006-200710-11 yrs: 3.4%
Rudnicka, A. R., et al. (2010). "Ethnic differences in the prevalence of myopia and ocular biometry in 10- and 11-year-old children: the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE)." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(12): 6270-6276.
37 10638
≤
≤
≤
Proportional to population size≤
Proportional to population size≤
Proportional to population size
≤
Proportional to population size≤
Proportional to population size≤
43 ≤ ≤
≤
≤
43 ≤ ≤
≤
≤
21.51% 25.41%
65.87% 76.67%77.15%
92.90%85.13% 90.34%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1983 1986 1990 1995 2000 2006 2010 2017
7 years 12 years 15 years 18 years
44
5
45
46 47
1. ?2. 2
?3. 3C ?4. ?5.6.7.….
48