Dragon 1

Dragon

Dragon

Sculpture of Mario the Magnificent, dragon mascot of Drexel University, US.

Grouping Mythology

Similar creatures Sirrush, Basilisk, Wyvern, Qilin

Mythology Europe and East Asia

Habitat Mountains, seas, skies

Carved imperial Chinese dragons at Nine-DragonWall, Beihai Park, Beijing

Dragon effigy, the Graoully, in Metz, France

A dragon is a legendary creature, typically with serpentine or reptiliantraits, that features in the myths of many cultures. There are twodistinct cultural traditions of dragons: the European dragon, derivedfrom European folk traditions and ultimately related to Greek andMiddle Eastern mythologies, and the Chinese dragon, withcounterparts in Japan (namely the Japanese dragon), Korea and otherEast Asian countries.[1]

The two traditions may have evolved separately, but have influencedeach other to a certain extent, particularly with the cross-culturalcontact of recent centuries. The English word "dragon" derives fromGreek δράκων (drákōn), "dragon, serpent of huge size,water-snake".[2]

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Name

Dragon head on a roof of a temple in Taiwan

The word dragon entered the English language in the early 13thcentury from Old French dragon, which in turn comes from Latindraconem (nominative draco) meaning "huge serpent, dragon," fromthe Greek word δράκων, drakon (genitive drakontos, δράκοντος)"serpent, giant seafish". The Greek and Latin term referred to any greatserpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also currentin English up to the 18th century.

Morphology

A dragon is a mythological representation of a reptile. In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents, butsince the Middle Ages, it has become common to depict them with legs, resembling a lizard.

Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body like a huge lizard, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-typelegs, and able to emit fire from their mouths. The European dragon has bat-like wings growing from its back. Adragon-like creature with wings but only a single pair of legs is known as a wyvern.

Comparative mythologyThe association of the serpent with a monstrous opponent overcome by a heroic deity has its roots in the mythologyof the Ancient Near East, including Canaanite (Hebrew, Ugaritic), Hittite and Mesopotamian. Humbaba, thefire-breathing dragon-fanged beast first described in the Epic of Gilgamesh is sometimes described as a dragon withGilgamesh playing the part of dragon-slayer. The legless serpent (Chaoskampf) motif entered Greek mythology andultimately Christian mythology, although the serpent motif may already be part of prehistoric Indo-Europeanmythology as well, based on comparative evidence of Indic and Germanic material.

Saint George Killing the Dragon, 1434/35,by Martorell

Although dragons occur in many legends around the world, differentcultures have varying stories about monsters that have been groupedtogether under the dragon label. Some dragons are said to breathe fire or tobe poisonous, such as in the Old English poem Beowulf.[3] They arecommonly portrayed as serpentine or reptilian, hatching from eggs andpossessing typically scaly or feathered bodies. They are sometimesportrayed as hoarding treasure. Some myths portray them with a row ofdorsal spines. European dragons are more often winged, while Chinesedragons resemble large snakes. Dragons can have a variable number oflegs: none, two, four, or more when it comes to early European literature.

Dragons are often held to have major spiritual significance in variousreligions and cultures around the world. In many Asian cultures dragonswere, and in some cultures still are, revered as representative of the primalforces of nature, religion and the universe. They are associated withwisdom—often said to be wiser than humans—and longevity. They arecommonly said to possess some form of magic or other supernatural power,and are often associated with wells, rain, and rivers. In some cultures, theyare also said to be capable of human speech. In some traditions dragons are

said to have taught humans to talk.

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The Order of the Dragon was created to defend Europeagainst the invading Ottoman Turks in the 15th

century.

Narratives about dragons often involve them being killed by ahero. This topos can be traced to the Chaoskampf of themythology of the Ancient Near East (e.g. Hadad vs. Yam, Mardukvs. Tiamat, Teshub vs. Illuyanka, etc.; the Biblical Leviathanpresumably reflects a corresponding opponent of an early versionof Yahweh). The motif is continued in Greek Apollo, and the earlyChristian narratives about Archangel Michael and Saint George.The slaying of Vrtra by Indra in the Rigveda also belongs in thiscategory. The theme survives into medieval legend and folklore,with dragon slayers such as Beowulf, Sigurd, Tristan, Margaret theVirgin, Heinrich von Winkelried, Dobrynya Nikitich, SkubaDratewka/Krakus. In Biblical myth, the archetype is alluded to inthe descendants of Adam crushing the head of the Serpent, and inChristian mythology, this was interpreted as corresponding toChrist as the "New Adam" crushing the Devil.

The blood of a slain dragon is depicted as either beneficent or as poisonous in medieval legend and literary fiction. InGerman legend, dragon blood has the power to render invincible skin or armor bathed in it, as is the case withSiegfried's skin or Ortnit's armor. In the Slavic myth, the Earth refuses it as it is so vile that Mother Earth wishes notto have it within her womb, and it remains above ground for all eternity. The blood of the dragon in Beowulf hasacidic qualities, allowing it to seep through iron. Heinrich von Winkelried dies after the blood of the dragon slain byhim accidentally drips on him.

Europe

Greek mythology

Ancient Greek mosaic from Caulonia - Italy.

In Ancient Greece the first mention of a "dragon" is derived from theIliad where Agamemnon is described as having a blue dragon motif onhis sword belt and an emblem of a three-headed dragon on his breastplate.[4] However, the Greek word used (δράκων drákōn, genitiveδράκοντοϛ drákontos) could also mean "snake".

In 217 AD, Flavius Philostratus (Greek: Φλάβιος Φιλόστρατος)[5]

discussed dragons (δράκων, drákōn) in India in The Life of Apolloniusof Tyana (II,17 and III,6–8). The Loeb Classical Library translation (byF.C. Conybeare) mentions (III,7) that "In most respects the tusks resemble the largest swine's, but they are slighter inbuild and twisted, and have a point as unabraded as sharks' teeth."

According to a collection of books by Claudius Aelianus (Greek: Κλαύδιος Αιλιανός)[6] called On Animals,Ethiopia was inhabited by a species of dragon that hunted elephants. It could grow to a length of 180 feet and had alifespan rivaling that of the most enduring of animals.[7]

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A dragon illustration in a 1460 edition of theMedieval Liber Floridus.

European

European dragons exist in folklore and mythology among theoverlapping cultures of Europe. Dragons are generally depicted asliving in rivers or having an underground lair or cave. They arecommonly described as having hard or armoured hide, and are rarelydescribed as flying, despite often being depicted with wings.

European dragons are usually depicted as malevolent underChristianity; pre-Christian dragons, such as Y Ddraig Goch, the RedDragon of Wales, are seen as benevolent.

Slavic dragon

Zmey Gorynych, the Russian three-headeddragon

"Dragon Family" in Varna, Bulgaria.

In Slavic mythology, the words "zmey", "zmiy" or "zmaj" are used todescribe dragons. These words are masculine forms of the Slavic wordfor "snake", which are normally feminine (like Russian zmeya). InRomania, there is a similar figure, derived from the Slavic dragon andnamed zmeu. Exclusively in Polish and Belarusian folklore, as well asin the other Slavic folklores, a dragon is also called (variously) смок,цмок, or smok. In South Slavic folklores, the same thing is also calledlamya (ламйа, ламjа, lamja). Although quite similar to other Europeandragons, Slavic dragons have their peculiarities.

Russian dragons usually have heads in multiples of three. Some haveheads that grow back if every single head isn't cut off. In Ukraine andRussia, a particular dragon-like creature, Zmey Gorynych, has threeheads and spits fire. According to one bylina, Zmey Gorynych waskilled by bogatyr Dobrynya Nikitich.

Other Russian dragons (such as Tugarin Zmeyevich) have Turkicnames, probably symbolizing the Mongols and other nomadic steppepeoples. Accordingly, St George (symbolizing Christianity) killing theDragon (symbolizing Satan) is represented on the coat of arms ofMoscow. Some prehistoric structures, notably the Serpent's Wall nearKiev, have been associated with dragons.

South and West Asia

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Ancient IndiaIn the early Vedic religion, Vritra (Sanskrit: वृत्र (Devanāgarī) or Vṛtra (IAST)) "the enveloper", was an Asura andalso a "naga" (serpent) (Sanskrit: नाग)[8] or possibly dragon-like creature, the personification of drought and enemy ofIndra. Vritra was also known in the Vedas as Ahi ("snake") (Sanskrit: अहि),[9] and he is said to have had three heads.The Life of Apollonius of Tyana by Flavius Philostratus:[10] contains a long detailed description of India heavilyinfested with dragons, but this does not correspond with modern Indian belief, and likely not with Indian belief as itwas in his time, whether Apollonius invented this story, or whether he believed someone else who told him it.

Persian

15th-century Persian miniature of Rostam slayinga dragon

Aži Dahāka is the source of the modern Persian word azhdahā orezhdehā اژده ها (Middle Persian azdahāg) meaning "dragon", often usedof a dragon depicted upon a banner of war. The Persians believed thatthe baby of a dragon will be the same color as the mother's eyes. InMiddle Persian he is called Dahāg or Bēvar-Asp, the latter meaning"[he who has] 10,000 horses." Several other dragons and dragon-likecreatures, all of them malevolent, are mentioned in Zoroastrianscripture. (See Zahhāk).

Jewish

In Jewish religious texts, the first mention of a dragon-like creature isin the Biblical works of Job (26:13), and Isaiah (27:1) where it is calledNachash Bare'ach, or a "Pole Serpent".[11] This is identified in theMidrash Rabba to Genesis 1:21 as Leviathan from the word Taninimand God created the great sea-monsters."[12] In modern" (תנינים)Hebrew the word Taninim is used for Crocodiles but this is a20th-century usage unconnected with the original Biblicalmeaning.[citation needed]

In later Biblical texts, the Book of Isaiah, the Book of Job, and Psalm 89 refer to a sea-demon called Rahab (not tobe confused with Rahab, the woman of Jericho mentioned in the Book of Joshua). Isaiah 51:9 [13] equates this Rahabwith a dragon or monster. "Rahab" is the English transliteration of רהב (reb) with the several meanings: pride, amythical sea-monster, or Egypt (as an emblematic name). In the Douay-Rheims version, translated via MedievalLatin from the Vulgate, the word reb is rendered "the proud one" in Isaiah 51:9 [14] and Job 26:12 [15] and "the powerof the sea" in Psalm 88:10 [16] (Psalm 88 is equivalent to Psalm 89 in other versions due to different verse numberingin the Vulgate). The connection between the sea-monster and "Leviathan the serpent" is made in Isaiah 27:1 [17].

In Jewish astronomy this is also identified with the North Pole, the star Thuban which, around 4,500 years ago, wasthe star in the Draco constellation's "tail". However this can also have been either the celestial pole or the eclipticpole. The ancient observers noted that Draco was at the top of the celestial pole, giving the appearance that starswere "hanging" from it, and in Hebrew it is referred to as Teli, from talah (תלה) – to hang.[18] Hebrew writers fromArabic-speaking locations identified the Teli as Al Jaz'har, which is a Persian word for a "knot" or a "node" becauseof the intersection of the inclination of the orbit of a planet from the elliptic that forms two such nodes. In modernastronomy these are called the ascending node and the descending node, but in medieval astronomy they werereferred to as "dragon's head" and "dragon's tail".[19]

The Merthyr Synagogue features a dragon on the front gable.[20]

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East Asia

Dragon sculpture on top of Longshan Temple,Taipei, Taiwan.

In East Asia, the concept of dragon appears largely in a form of aLong, a beneficent dragon-like creature from Chinese folklore. Anotherdragon-like creature which appears in the form of Naga, which isprevalent in some Southeast Asian countries with more direct influencefrom Vedic religion, will be described largely in the article Naga.

Chinese dragon

Chinese dragon in Fengdu Ghost City, China

In China, depiction of the dragon (traditional:龍;simplified:龙) can befound in artifacts from the Shang and Zhou dynasties with examplesdating back to the 16th century BC. Archaeologist Zhōu Chong-Fabelieves that the Chinese word for dragon is an onomatopoeia of thesound of thunder.[21] The Chinese name for dragon is pronounced lóngin Mandarin Chinese or lùhng in Cantonese.[22] Sometime after the 9thcentury AD, Japan adopted the Chinese dragon through the spread ofBuddhism. Although the indigenous name for a dragon in Japanese istatsu (た つ), a few of the Japanese words for dragon stem from theChinese word for dragon, namely, ryū (り ゅ う) or ryō (り ょ う)(traditional:龍;simplified:竜).[] The Vietnamese word for dragon is rồng (龍) and the Korean word for dragon isryong (hangul:용, hanja:龍).

The Chinese dragon (simplified Chinese: 龙; traditional Chinese: 龍; pinyin: lóng) is the highest-ranking animal inthe Chinese animal hierarchy, strongly associated at one time with the emperor and hence power and majesty (themythical bird fenghuang was the symbol of the Chinese empress), still recognized and revered. Its origins are vague,but its "ancestors can be found on Neolithic pottery as well as Bronze Age ritual vessels."[23] Tradition has itcomposed of nine different animals, with nine sons, each with its own imagery and affiliations. It is the onlymythological animal of the 12 animals that represent the Chinese calendar. 2012 was the Chinese year of the WaterDragon.

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JapaneseJapanese dragon myths amalgamate native legends with imported stories about dragons from China, Korea andIndia. Like these other Asian dragons, most Japanese ones are water deities associated with rainfall and bodies ofwater, and are typically depicted as large, wingless, serpentine creatures with clawed feet. Gould writes(1896:248),[24] the Japanese dragon is "invariably figured as possessing three claws".

VietnamVietnamese dragons (rồng or long) are symbolic creatures in the folklore and mythology of Vietnam. According toan ancient creation myth, the Vietnamese people are descended from a dragon and a fairy. To Vietnamese people,the dragon brings rain, essential for agriculture. It represents the emperor, the prosperity and power of the nation.Like the Chinese dragon, the Vietnamese dragon is the symbol of yang, representing the universe, life, existence, andgrowth. Extant references to the Vietnamese Dragon are rare now, due to the fierce changes in history thataccompanied the sinicization of the Nguyễn Dynasty.

Modern depictions

An illustration of an Eastern dragon.

In the early 20th century sculpture of the Norwegian artist GustavVigeland, inspired by Medieval art, dragons are a frequent theme—assymbols of sin but also as a nature force, fighting against man.

Dragons and dragon motifs are featured in many works of modernliterature, particularly within the fantasy genre. Prominent worksdepicting dragons include J.R.R. Tolkien's Silmarillion and TheHobbit, J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels, Anne McCaffrey'sDragonriders of Pern, George R. R. Martin's series A Song of Ice andFire, and Christopher Paolini's tetralogy Inheritance Cycle.

The popular role playing game system Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) makes heavy use of dragons, and has served asinspiration for many other games' dragons. Though dragons usually serve as adversaries, they can be either good orevil, with their alignment being determined by their species. For example, a red dragon is evil and breathes fire.Some modern pseudo-biological accounts of dragons give them the generic name Draco, although the generic nameDraco is used in real-world biology for a genus of small gliding agamid lizard. An infectious disease calledDracunculiasis, caused by infection with the Guinea worm which grows up to 3 feet (0.91 m) long before emergingfrom its host, also derives its name from dragons (literally "infestation with little dragons"), based on the burningpain experienced by sufferers.Some creationists believe that dragons of mythology were actually dinosaurs, and that they died out with othercreatures around the end of the ice age.[25][26]

After discovery of pterosaurs, dragons are sometimes depicted with no front legs and using the wrist joints of theirwings as front feet, as pterosaurs did. This conformation is different from the traditional wyvern.

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Animals that may have inspired dragons

Nile crocodile

It has been speculated that accounts of spitting cobras may be theorigin of the myths of fire-breathing dragons.

Nile crocodiles, today very restricted in range, were in ancient timesoccasionally found in Southern Europe, having swum across theMediterranean. Such wayward crocodiles may have inspired dragonmyths.[27] Skeletons of whales, as well as dinosaur and mammalianfossils may have been occasionally mistaken for the bones of dragonsand other mythological creatures; for example, a discovery in 300 BCin Wucheng, Sichuan, China, was labeled as such by Chang Qu.Adrienne Mayor has written on the subject of fossils as the inspirationfor myths in her book The First Fossil Hunters, and in an entry in theEncyclopedia of Geology she wrote: "Fossil remains generated a variety of geomyths speculating on the creatures'identity and cause of their destruction. Many ancient cultures, from China and India to Greece, America, andAustralia, told tales of dragons, monsters, and giant heroes.."[28]

In Australia, stories of such creatures may have referred to the land crocodiles, Quinkana sp., a terrestrial crocodilewhich grew to 5 to possibly 7 metres long, or the monitor lizard Varanus priscus (formerly Megalania prisca) agiant carnivorous goanna that might have grown to 7 metres (23 ft), and weighed up to 1,940 kilograms (4,300 lb),or rainbow serpents (possibly Wonambi naracoortensis) that were part of the extinct megafauna of Australia.[29]

Today the Komodo monitor lizard Varanus komodoensis is known in English as the Komodo dragon.In the book An Instinct for Dragons anthropologist David E. Jones suggests a hypothesis that humans just likemonkeys have inherited instinctive reactions to snakes, large cats and birds of prey. Dragons have features that arecombinations of these three. An instinctive fear for these three would explain why dragons with similar featuresoccur in stories from independent cultures on all continents.In Slovenia, Janez Vajkard Valvasor compile folk stories on the Olm, a subterranean salamander, in The Glory of theDuchy of Carniola. It is mentioned as a baby dragon. Heavy rains of Slovenia would wash the olms up from theirsubterranean habitat, giving rise to the folklore belief that great dragons lived beneath the Earth's crust, and the olmswere the undeveloped offspring of these mythical beasts.

CartographyThere is a widespread belief that earlier cartographers used the Latin phrase hic sunt dracones, i.e., "the dragons arehere", or "here are dragons", to denote dangerous or unexplored territories, in imitation of the infrequent medievalpractice of putting sea serpents and other mythological creatures in the blank areas of maps. However, the onlyknown use of this exact phrase is in the Latin form "HC SVNT DRACONES" on the Lenox Globe (ca. 1503–07).Another map that contains dragons is the one of Bishop Olaus Magnus's. The Carta Marina map of Scandinavia(1539) has many monsters in the northern sea, as well as a winged, bipedal, predatory land animal resembling adragon in northern Lapland.

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References[1] Ingersoll,Ernest, et al., (2013). The Illustrated Book of Dragons and Dragon Lore. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN B00D959PJ0[2] Δράκων (http:/ / www. perseus. tufts. edu/ hopper/ text?doc=Perseus:text:1999. 04. 0057:entry=dra/ kwn2), Henry George Liddell, Robert

Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus project[3][3] The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Vol. 1 by MH Abrams (1999), 6th Ed.[4] Drury, Nevill, The Dictionary of the Esoteric, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 2003 ISBN 81-208-1989-6, p.79 (http:/ / books. google. com. au/

books?id=k-tVr09oq3IC& pg=PA79& lpg=PA79& dq=earliest+ mention+ of+ dragon& source=web& ots=fxq_n3SLTa&sig=zKfmIXx1BT3nQAZq3I0vkx9akhM& hl=en), , books.google.com

[5] Ελλήνων δίκτυο. ΛΗΜΝΙΑ ΓΗ. Retrieved June 5, 2011, from http:/ / hellinon. net/ NeesSelides/ Limnos. htm[6] Η φυσιογνωμία ενός λαού θεμελιών. Μύθοι για την Ελιά. Retrieved June 5, 2011, from http:/ / www. etwinning. gr/ projects/ elia/ muthoi.

htm[7] Theoi.com (http:/ / www. theoi. com/ Thaumasios/ DrakonesAithiopikoi. html)[8] naga का मतलब हिंदी में. Retrieved June 5, 2011, from http:/ / dict. hinkhoj. com/ shabdkosh. php?word=naga[9] अहि का मतलब अंग्रेजी में. Retrieved June 5, 2011, from http:/ / dict. hinkhoj. com/

meaning-of-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF-in-english. html[10] Flavius Philostratus, The Life of Apollonius of Tyana, translated by F. C. Conybeare, volume I, book III. chapters VI, VII, VIII, 1921, pp.

243–247.[11][11] p. 233, Kaplan[12][12] Freedman, Rabbi Dr. H. (translation), Simon M., editor, Midrash Rabbah: Genesis, Volume one, The Soncino Press, London, 1983, p. 51.[13] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ bibleversefinder/ bibleversefinder. php?book=%20Isaiah& verse=51:9& src=AB[14] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ bibleversefinder/ bibleversefinder. php?book=%20Isaiah& verse=51:9& src=DRA[15] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ bibleversefinder/ bibleversefinder. php?book=%20Job& verse=26:12& src=DRA[16] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ bibleversefinder/ bibleversefinder. php?book=%20Psalm& verse=88:10& src=DRA[17] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ bibleversefinder/ bibleversefinder. php?book=%20Isaiah& verse=27:1& src=KJV[18][18] p. 1670, Jastrow ref to Genesis 38:14, Y.Sot.I 16d (bot.)[19][19] p. 235, Kaplan[20] Kadish, Sharman (2006) Jewish Heritage in England: an architectural guide. Swindon: English Heritage ISBN 1-905624-28-X; p. 203[21][21] People's Daily On-line (2001), Chinese Dragon Originates From Primitive Agriculture: Archaeologist. Retrieved June 5, 2011.[22][22] Caihua Guan. English-Cantonese Dictionary: Cantonese in Yale Romanization.[23] Welch, Patricia Bjaaland. Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery, Tuttle Publishing, 2008, p. 121[24] Gould, Charles. 1896. Mythical Monsters" (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=YKEAAAAAMAAJ& dq=mythical+ monsters& pgis=1).

W. H. Allen & Co.[25] Unlocking the secrets of creation by Dennis R. Peterson[26] The Genesis Flood by John C. Whitcomb Jr.[27] Davidson, Avram (1993) Adventures in Unhistory Owlswick Press, Tor reprint ISBN 9780765307606 pp 41-66[28] Adrienne Mayor in Encyclopedia of Geology, ed. Richard Selley, Robin Cocks, and Ian Palmer. Elsevier:2004[29] Mackness, B.S. 2009. Reconstructing Palorchestes (Marsupialia: Palorchestidae) — from Giant Kangaroo to Marsupial 'Tapir'. Proceedings

of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 130: 21–36.

Citations• Ingersoll, Ernest, et al., (2013). The Illustrated Book of Dragons and Dragon Lore. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti

Books. ASIN B00D959PJ0• Johnsgard, Paul Austin; Johnsgard, Karin (1982). Dragons and unicorns : a natural history (http:/ / books.

google. com/ books?id=h_-YacPDJu4C& printsec=frontcover). New York: St. Martin's Press.ISBN 0-312-21895-8.

• Manning-Sanders, Ruth (1977). A Book of Dragons. London: Methuen. ISBN 0-416-58110-2.• Shuker, Karl (1995). Dragons: a natural history. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81443-9.• G. Elliot Smith, The Evolution of the Dragon], by 1919 ( online text (http:/ / www. gutenberg. org/ etext/ 22038)

from Project Gutenberg).• Fanfan Chen, Thomas Honegger (eds.), Good Dragons Are Rare: An Inquiry Into Literary Dragons East and

West, Peter Lang, 2009, ISBN 978-3-631-58219-0.

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External links• Chinese Dragons in the news (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ asia-pacific/ 6171963. stm), BBC• From Many Imaginations, One Fearsome Creature, [[New York Times (http:/ / query. nytimes. com/ gst/ fullpage.

html?res=9501E3D7133DF93AA15757C0A9659C8B63& sec=health& spon=& pagewanted=2)], April 29,2003]

Article Sources and Contributors 11

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Wknight94, Wlmg, Wolfmage59, Worlock93, Wtshymanski, Wuotan, Wwbread, Wyatt02, XRiamux, Xagent86, Xaosflux, Xdenizen, Xenophonix, Xiahou, Xineoph, Xufanc, Xzema, YBeayf,YEvb0, Yahia.barie, Yclept:Berr, Yellownub, Yerpo, YoYoDa1, Yomama629, Yonkie, Yoshih9, Yowuza, Yupik, Z.E.R.O., Zachary, Zakun, Zanimum, Zarex, Zariqueen, Zaviepoo, Zeimusu,Zepp11, Zer0431, Zimbardo Cookie Experiment, Zombiepirate 13, Zondor, Zotdragon, Zusayan, 2451 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Mario the Magnificent.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mario_the_Magnificent.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Eric Berg, SculptorFile:Ninedragonwallpic1.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ninedragonwallpic1.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: splitbrainFile:Graoully.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Graoully.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors: GraoullyFile:Wen Wu Temple 13.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wen_Wu_Temple_13.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0  Contributors:Bernard GagnonFile:Martorell - Sant Jordi.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Martorell_-_Sant_Jordi.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Amadalvarez, Anneyh, Azuizo,Bocachete, Canaan, Daderot, Jordiferrer, Vriullop, 2 anonymous editsFile:Dragon order insignia.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dragon_order_insignia.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: CristianChirita, Cwbm (commons), Gryffindor, Jmabel, Neo3DGfx, Yuval Y, Zizovic, 1 anonymous editsFile:Reggio calabria museo nazionale mosaico da kaulon.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Reggio_calabria_museo_nazionale_mosaico_da_kaulon.jpg  License:Public Domain  Contributors: MeFile:Liber Floridus page scan A, ca. 1460.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Liber_Floridus_page_scan_A,_ca._1460.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors:Lambert of St. OmerFile:Ivan Bilibin 065.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ivan_Bilibin_065.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: ShakkoFile:VarnaDragons.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:VarnaDragons.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:GrantscharoffFile:Al-Soltani, Rostam and the Dragon.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Al-Soltani,_Rostam_and_the_Dragon.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: FuturePerfect at Sunrise, JudithcommFile:Dragon on Longshan Temple.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dragon_on_Longshan_Temple.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: WikiLaurentFile:Fengdu Ghost City - dragon.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Fengdu_Ghost_City_-_dragon.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Germany Contributors: High ContrastFile:Dragon (PSF).png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dragon_(PSF).png  License: unknown  Contributors: PSF_D-270006.png: PSF derivative work: Kattekrab (talk)File:Crocodylus - Crocodile - Krokodil - 01.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Crocodylus_-_Crocodile_-_Krokodil_-_01.jpg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Norbert Nagel, Mörfelden-Walldorf, Germany

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