2016 biology eoc study guide - mrs. lorenz's …€¦ · ... mitochondria, golgi apparatus,...
TRANSCRIPT
Vo
lusi
a C
ou
nty
Sc
ho
ols
201
5 -
20
16
BIO
LO
GY
EO
C S
TU
DY
GU
IDE
2
Th
e B
iolo
gy E
OC
The B
iolo
gy 1
EO
C a
ssessm
ent
is d
eliv
ere
d v
ia c
om
pute
r-ba
sed t
est.
The a
ssessm
ent
is g
iven in o
ne 1
60 s
essio
n w
ith a
10 m
inute
bre
ak a
fter
the f
irst
80
min
ute
s.
Any s
tudent
not finis
hed b
y t
he e
nd o
f th
e 1
60 m
inute
s m
ay c
ontinue w
ork
ing
but,
the test m
ust be c
om
ple
ted w
ithin
the s
am
e s
chool day.
There
are
multip
le f
orm
s o
f th
e a
ssessm
ent. T
here
is a
maxim
um
of
66 m
ultip
le-c
hoic
e ite
ms
on e
ach test fo
rm.
Stu
dents
are
pro
vid
ed w
ith four-
pag
e, hard
-copy w
ork
fold
ers
to u
se a
s s
cra
tch p
aper.
Used
fold
ers
are
secure
mate
rials
that m
ust be turn
ed in a
fter
testing
.
Bio
log
y E
OC
Stu
dy G
uid
eT
his
Stu
dy G
uid
e w
as d
eve
lop
ed b
y V
olu
sia
Co
unty
te
achers
to h
elp
our
stu
de
nts
pre
pare
for
the F
lorid
a
Bio
log
y E
nd-O
f-C
ours
e E
xam
.
Mo
lecu
lar
an
d C
ell
Bio
log
yC
las
sif
ica
tio
n, H
ere
dit
y,
Evo
luti
on
Org
an
ism
s,
Po
pu
lati
on
s, E
co
sys
tem
s
35
% o
f E
OC
25
% o
f E
OC
40
% o
f E
OC
Th
e N
atu
re o
f S
cie
nce
Th
eo
rie
s, L
aw
s,
Mo
de
ls
Pro
pe
rtie
s o
f W
ate
r,
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les,
En
zym
es
Th
e C
ell
Th
eo
ry
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re &
Fu
nctio
n
Ce
ll M
em
bra
ne
& T
ran
spo
rt
Ph
oto
syn
thesis
& C
ellu
lar
Re
sp
ira
tion
DN
A,
RN
A,
Pro
tein
Syn
thesis
Mito
sis
, M
eio
sis
Th
e N
atu
re o
f S
cie
nce
Th
eo
rie
s, L
aw
s,
Mo
de
ls
Ta
xo
no
my
Ge
ne
tics
Ori
gin
s o
f Life
Evo
lutio
n
Me
ch
an
ism
s o
f C
ha
ng
e
Th
e N
atu
re o
f S
cie
nce
Th
eo
rie
s, L
aw
s,
Mo
de
ls
En
erg
y in
Ecosyste
ms
Po
pu
lation
Dyn
am
ics
Hu
ma
n Im
pa
ct o
n th
e E
nvir
onm
en
t
Pla
nts
Bio
tech
nolo
gy
Fe
tal D
eve
lopm
en
t
Pa
rts o
f th
e B
rain
Ca
rdio
va
scu
lar
Syste
m
Imm
un
e S
yste
m
3
EO
C R
evie
wC
ell
Th
eo
ry, C
ell S
tru
ctu
re,
Natu
re o
f S
cie
nce
Ben
ch
mark
s:
SC
.912.L
.14.1
Describe the s
cie
ntific theory
of
cells
(cell
theory
) and r
ela
te t
he h
isto
ryof
its
dis
covery
to t
he p
rocesses o
f scie
nce
SC
.9.1
2.L
.14.3
Com
pare
and c
ontr
ast th
e g
enera
l str
uctu
re o
f pla
nt
and a
nim
al cells
. C
om
pare
and
contr
ast th
e g
enera
l str
uctu
res o
f pro
kary
otic a
nd e
ukary
otic c
ells
.S
C.9
12.L
.14.2
Rela
te s
tructu
re t
o f
unction f
or
the c
om
ponents
of
pla
nt and a
nim
al cells
. E
xpla
in t
he
role
of
cell
mem
bra
nes a
s a
hig
hly
sele
ctive b
arr
ier
(pa
ssiv
e a
nd a
ctive tra
nsport
)
Su
mm
ary
:Y
ou
need
to
kn
ow
th
e f
oll
ow
ing
:
The c
ell
theory
and h
ow
continuous investig
ations a
nd/o
r new
scie
ntific
info
rmation influenced the
develo
pm
ent
of
cell
theory
.
How
scie
ntific c
laim
s a
re e
valu
ate
d t
hro
ug
h s
cie
ntific a
rgum
enta
tion, critical and log
ical th
inkin
g a
nd
consid
era
tion o
f altern
ative e
xpla
nations,
in t
he c
onte
xt
of
cell
theory
.
The d
iffe
rence b
etw
een
theories a
nd law
s a
nd b
e a
ble
to
expla
in h
ow
a t
heory
is d
evelo
ped.
The g
enera
l str
uctu
res o
f pro
kary
otic a
nd e
ukary
otic c
ells
and h
ow
they a
re a
like a
nd d
iffe
rent.
The g
enera
l str
uctu
res o
f pla
nt
and a
nim
al cells
and h
ow
pla
nt
and a
nim
al cells
are
alik
e a
nd d
iffe
rent.
How
the s
tructu
re r
ela
tes t
o t
he f
unction for
the c
om
ponents
of
pla
nt or
anim
als
cells
. S
tructu
res y
ou
need t
o k
now
are
the c
ell
wall,
cell
mem
bra
ne, cyto
pla
sm
, ribosom
es, cili
a, flag
ella
, nucle
us,
nucle
ar
envelo
pe,
chro
matin, ribosom
es,
endopla
sm
ic r
eticulu
m,
vacuole
s, m
itochondria, G
olg
i appara
tus,
chlo
ropla
sts
, ly
sosom
es
To u
nders
tand the r
ole
of th
e c
ell
mem
bra
ne a
s a
hig
hly
sele
ctive b
arr
ier
that
carr
ies o
ut passiv
e a
nd
active t
ransport
. In
additio
n,
you n
eed to d
iffe
rentiate
betw
een d
iffu
sio
n a
nd o
sm
osis
and those t
ypes o
f tr
ansport
aff
ect th
e c
ells
.
Ad
dit
ion
al
Su
pp
ort
Holt M
cD
oug
al B
iolo
gy Inte
ractive R
eader:
oC
hapte
r 3,
Sections 3
.1, 3.2
, 3.3
, 3.4
, 3.5
Everg
lades B
iolo
gy E
nd-O
f-C
ours
e R
evie
wo
Pag
es 6
7-8
6
Web S
ites:
ohtt
p://w
ww
.ecsd-f
l.schoollo
op.c
om
/Bio
log
yE
OC
Revie
wo
htt
p://f
cat.fldoe.o
rg/e
oc/
SC
.91
2.L
.14
.1 C
ell
Th
eo
ry
4
1.
Ce
ll th
eo
ry w
as f
irst
pro
po
se
d in
18
38.
Evid
en
ce
obta
ine
d th
rou
gh
add
itio
na
l scie
ntific
inve
stiga
tio
ns r
esu
lte
d in
th
e c
urr
en
t ce
ll th
eo
ry. W
hic
h s
tate
me
nt
describ
es a
com
po
ne
nt of
the
origin
al ce
ll th
eo
ry t
ha
t w
as r
em
ove
d b
eca
use
of
the n
ew
scie
ntific k
no
wle
dge
?
A.
All
livin
g t
hin
gs a
re m
ade
of
ce
lls.
B.
All
ce
lls c
om
e f
rom
oth
er
pre
exis
tin
g c
ells
.
C.
Ce
lls f
orm
th
rou
gh
sp
on
tan
eo
us g
en
era
tion.
D.
Ce
lls a
re t
he
ba
sic
str
uctu
ral an
d fu
nctio
na
l u
nits o
f lif
e.
2.
Whic
h in
ve
ntio
n f
rom
th
e 1
7th
ce
ntu
ry a
llow
ed
fo
r th
e d
eve
lopm
en
t of
mo
de
rn c
ell
the
ory
?
A.
X-r
ays
B.
com
pu
ters
C.
the
lig
ht m
icro
sco
pe
D.
the
sca
nn
ing e
lectr
on
mic
rosco
pe
3.
A p
lant
an
d a
n a
nim
al a
re b
oth
liv
ing t
hin
gs.
Acco
rdin
g t
o th
e C
ell
The
ory
, w
ha
t ca
n y
ou
con
clu
de
a
bou
t th
ese t
wo
ve
ry d
iffe
ren
t o
rga
nis
ms?
A.
Pla
nts
ha
ve
ce
lls b
ut
an
ima
ls d
o n
ot.
B.
The
y a
re b
oth
made
of
one
or
mo
re c
ells
.
C.
Th
ey b
oth
com
e f
rom
th
e s
am
e k
ind o
f ce
ll.
D.
Th
ey b
oth
com
e f
rom
a n
on
-liv
ing o
rga
nis
m.
4.
The
com
bin
ed
ob
serv
atio
ns o
f M
att
ias S
chle
ide
n, T
heo
do
r S
ch
wa
nn
an
d R
ud
olp
h V
irchow
re
su
lte
d in
the
fo
rmation
of
the c
ell
the
ory
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g is n
ot p
art
of
the
ce
ll th
eory
?
A.
All
ce
lls c
on
tain
a n
ucle
us.
B.
All
ce
lls c
om
e f
rom
oth
er
livin
g c
ells
.
C.
All
livin
g o
rga
nis
ms a
re m
ade
of
on
e o
r m
ore
ce
lls.
D.
Ce
lls a
re th
e b
asic
un
it o
f str
uctu
re a
nd
fun
ctio
n o
f a
ll liv
ing t
hin
gs.
SC
.9.1
2.L
.14
.3 C
ell
Str
uc
ture
an
d F
un
cti
on
Ce
ll T
he
ory
5
5.
The
re a
re s
om
e s
imila
ritie
s b
etw
ee
n p
roka
ryo
tic a
nd
eu
ka
ryo
tic c
ells
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g
str
uctu
res is fo
un
d in
bo
th p
roka
ryo
tic a
nd e
uka
ryo
tic c
ells
?
A.
lyso
so
me
B.
mito
cho
nd
rion
C.
nu
cle
us
D.
rib
osom
e
6.
Lo
ok a
t th
e c
ross s
ectio
n o
f a
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
of
a e
uka
ryo
tic c
ell.
H
+ io
ns a
re b
ein
g p
um
ped
fro
m
a lo
w c
on
ce
ntr
atio
n t
o a
hig
h c
on
ce
ntr
atio
n.
Whic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g b
est d
escrib
es t
he
typ
e o
f tr
an
spo
rt a
cro
ss t
he
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
?
A.
active
tra
nsp
ort
B.
pa
ssiv
e t
ran
sp
ort
C.
fa
cili
tate
d d
iffu
sio
n
D.
co
-tra
nsp
ort
7.
Whic
h typ
e(s
) of
ce
lls h
ave
ge
ne
tic m
ate
ria
l th
at
is c
on
tain
ed
in a
nu
cle
us?
A.
ba
cte
ria
B.
pla
nts
on
ly
C.
an
ima
ls o
nly
D.
bo
th p
lan
t a
nd
an
ima
l ce
lls
8.
Whic
h c
ha
racte
ristic d
o m
ost p
lan
ts h
ave
in
com
mo
n?
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nct
ion
6
A.
the
y a
re u
nic
ellu
lar
B.
the
y a
re p
roka
ryo
tic
C.
the
y p
rodu
ce
se
ed
s
D.
the
y a
re a
uto
tro
ph
ic
9.
Whic
h c
ell
str
uctu
re is c
orr
ectly p
aire
d w
ith
its
prim
ary
fu
nctio
n?
A.
rib
osom
e -
pro
tein
syn
the
sis
B.
mito
cho
nd
rion
-m
ove
me
nt
C.
va
cu
ole
-ce
ll d
ivis
ion
D.
nu
cle
us -
sto
rage
of
nu
trie
nts
10
.T
he
dia
gra
m b
elo
w r
ep
rese
nts
a c
ell
of
a g
ree
n p
lan
t.
So
lar
en
erg
y is u
se
d t
o p
rod
uce
en
erg
y-r
ich
co
mpo
un
ds in w
hic
h s
tru
ctu
re?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
11
.A
pe
rso
n w
ith
sw
olle
n g
um
s r
inse
s h
is m
ou
th w
ith
wa
rm s
alt w
ate
r, a
nd
th
e s
we
llin
g d
ecre
ase
s.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing h
as o
ccu
rre
d?
7
A. T
he s
wo
llen
gu
ms h
ave
ab
so
rbe
d th
e s
altw
ate
r so
lutio
n.
B. T
he s
altw
ate
r so
lutio
n lo
we
rs t
he
tem
pe
ratu
re o
f th
e w
ate
r in
the
gu
ms.
C.
The
sa
lt in
th
e s
olu
tio
n h
as m
ove
d a
ga
inst th
e c
on
cen
tra
tion
gra
die
nt.
D.
The
wa
ter
in th
e g
um
s h
as m
ove
d o
ut
du
e t
o th
e h
igh
co
ncen
tra
tio
n o
f sa
lt in
the
so
lution
.
12
.T
he
dia
gra
m b
elo
w r
ep
rese
nts
a c
ell.
Whic
h o
rga
ne
lle is th
e s
ite
wh
ere
am
ino
acid
s a
re s
yn
the
siz
ed
in
to p
rote
ins?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
13
. J
oy t
oo
k th
e n
ote
s s
ho
wn
be
low
wh
ile le
arn
ing a
bo
ut
ce
lls.
8
Fo
rms b
ou
nd
ary
be
twe
en
a c
ell
and
th
e o
uts
ide
en
viro
nm
ent
Co
ntr
ols
the
mo
ve
me
nt
of
mate
ria
ls in
to a
nd
ou
t of
the
ce
ll
Co
nsis
ts o
f d
ou
ble
la
ye
r of
ph
osp
ho
lipid
s
Sh
e fo
rgo
t to
write
th
e n
am
e o
f th
e c
ell
str
uctu
re t
ha
t he
r cla
ss w
as s
tud
yin
g t
ha
t d
ay.
Wha
t str
uctu
re
is d
escrib
ed in
he
r n
ote
s?
A.
en
dop
lasm
ic r
eticu
lum
B.
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
C.
ce
ll w
all
D.
nu
cle
us
14
.W
hic
h o
f th
ese
best
co
mp
lete
s t
his
co
nce
pt m
ap
?
A.
an a
nim
al ce
ll
B.
a p
roka
ryo
tic c
ell
C.
a v
iru
s
D.
a p
lan
t ce
ll
15
. L
oo
k a
t th
e d
iagra
m o
f a
cro
ss-s
ectio
n o
f a
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
be
low
.
9
The
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
con
tro
ls m
ove
men
t of
mate
ria
ls in
to a
nd
ou
t of
the
ce
ll.T
he
fo
llow
ing p
art
icle
s a
re m
ovin
g f
rom
hig
h c
on
cen
tra
tion
to lo
w c
on
ce
ntr
atio
n a
nd
are
usin
g a
ca
rrie
r p
rote
in. H
ow
wo
uld
yo
u d
escrib
e th
is typ
e o
f m
ove
men
t a
cro
ss t
he
mem
bra
ne?
A.
sim
ple
osm
osis
B.
active
tra
nsp
ort
C.
sim
ple
diffu
sio
nD
. fa
cili
tate
d d
iffu
sio
n
16
.T
he
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
of
the r
ed
blo
od
ce
ll w
ill a
llow
wa
ter,
oxyge
n,
an
d c
arb
on d
ioxid
e to
pa
ss
thro
ugh
. B
ecau
se
oth
er
su
bsta
nce
s a
re b
locke
d f
rom
en
terin
g,
this
mem
bra
ne
is c
alle
d:
A.
pe
rfo
rate
d
B.
sem
i-p
erm
eab
le
C.
no
n-c
on
du
ctive
D.
pe
rme
ab
le
17
. O
sm
osis
occu
rs w
he
n th
ere
is a
diffe
ren
t co
ncen
tra
tion
of
so
lute
mo
lecu
les
on
ea
ch
sid
e o
f th
e m
em
bra
ne
. T
he
dra
win
g b
elo
w s
ho
ws a
be
ake
r co
nta
inin
g
10
a 3
0%
sa
lt s
olu
tion
and
a s
usp
en
ded
ce
ll co
nta
inin
g a
10
% s
alt s
olu
tio
n.
What sta
tem
ent
be
st
de
scrib
es t
he
ce
ll aft
er
20
min
ute
s?
A. W
ate
r w
ill m
ove
fro
m th
e c
ell
into
th
e b
eake
r, r
esu
ltin
g in
a s
ma
ller
ce
ll.B
. W
ate
r w
ill m
ove
fro
m th
e b
ea
ke
r in
to th
e c
ell,
re
su
ltin
g in
a la
rge
r ce
ll.C
. S
alt w
ill m
ove
fro
m th
e c
ell
into
th
e b
ea
ke
r, r
esu
ltin
g in
a s
ma
ller
ce
ll.D
. S
alt w
ill m
ove
fro
m th
e b
ea
ke
r in
to th
e c
ell,
re
su
ltin
g in
a la
rge
r ce
ll.
18
. M
uscle
ce
lls a
re r
esp
on
sib
le fo
r o
bta
inin
g e
ne
rgy s
o t
he
bo
dy c
an
pe
rfo
rmvo
lun
tary
an
d in
vo
lun
tary
mo
ve
me
nt. U
sin
g y
ou
kno
wle
dge
ab
ou
to
rga
ne
lles a
nd
mu
scle
s,
ho
w w
ou
ld a
mu
scle
ce
ll d
iffe
r fr
om
oth
er
typ
es o
fa
nim
al ce
lls?
A. T
he m
uscle
ce
ll w
ou
ld h
ave
la
rge
r ce
ntr
iole
s t
ha
n th
e o
the
r ty
pe
s o
f an
ima
l ce
lls.
B. T
he m
uscle
ce
ll w
ou
ld h
ave
mo
re m
ito
ch
on
dria
tha
n th
e o
the
r ty
pe
s o
f an
ima
l ce
lls.
C.
The
mu
scle
ce
ll w
ou
ld h
ave
a la
rge
r go
lgi a
ppa
ratu
s th
an
oth
er
typ
es o
f an
ima
l ce
lls.
D.
The
mu
scle
ce
ll w
ou
ld h
ave
mo
re e
nd
op
lasm
ic r
eticu
lum
th
an
the
oth
er
typ
es o
f an
ima
l ce
lls.
19
. C
ells
fo
un
d in p
lants
and
an
ima
ls h
ave
sim
ilaritie
s b
ut
can
diffe
r in
fun
ctio
n.
Co
nsid
er
the
fo
llow
ing t
wo
org
an
ism
s:
a c
orn
pla
nt
ce
ll (Z
ea
ma
ys)
an
d a
cam
el ce
ll (B
actr
ian
us f
eru
s).
What is
the
b
est e
xp
lan
ation
fo
rth
e d
iffe
ren
ce in
th
e c
ellu
lar
va
cu
ole
siz
e b
etw
ee
n th
ese
tw
o b
iotic
org
an
ism
s?
A. T
he c
orn
ce
lls’ h
ave
a s
ma
ll va
cu
ole
siz
e b
eca
use
it
do
es n
ot n
eed
lo
ng t
erm
wa
ter
and
e
lectr
oly
te s
tora
ge
.B
. T
he c
am
el ce
lls’ have
a s
ma
ll va
cu
ole
siz
e b
eca
use it
do
es n
ot n
eed
lo
ng t
erm
wa
ter
an
d
ele
ctr
oly
te s
tora
ge
.C
. T
he
cam
el ce
lls’ h
ave
a s
ma
ll va
cu
ole
siz
e b
eca
use it
is n
ot
in c
on
tact
with
to
xin
s t
ha
t n
eed
to
be
rem
ove
d f
rom
the
ce
ll.D
. T
he
co
rn c
ells
’ h
ave a
la
rge
va
cu
ole
siz
e b
eca
use
it
is in
co
nta
ct w
ith
ma
ny t
oxin
s in
th
e s
oil
wh
ich
ne
ed
to
be
rem
ove
d f
rom
th
e c
ell.
11
20
.C
ells
ca
n b
e c
lassifie
d in
to t
wo
diffe
ren
t ca
tego
rie
s:
pro
ka
ryo
tic a
nd
eu
ka
ryo
tic. W
hic
h o
f th
e
follo
win
g in
form
atio
n is n
eed
ed in
ord
er
tod
ete
rmin
e if
an o
rga
nis
m is p
roka
ryo
tic?
A. T
he o
rga
nis
m’s
co
lor
an
d m
ass.
B. T
he o
rga
nis
m’s
inte
rna
l str
uctu
res.
C.
If t
he
org
an
ism
is u
nic
ellu
lar
or
mu
ltic
ellu
lar.
D.
The
me
thod
s t
he
org
an
ism
use
s t
o f
ee
d a
nd
mo
ve
.
21
.A
spe
cific
typ
e o
f ce
ll is
be
ing s
tud
ied
by a
scie
ntist.
Sh
e n
otices t
he
ce
llco
nta
ins a
nucle
us,
lyso
so
me
s,
a c
ell
mem
bra
ne
and
ce
ll w
all.
Wh
at
is th
eco
rre
ct
cla
ssific
atio
n o
f th
is c
ell?
A.
A p
roka
ryo
tic a
nim
al ce
llB
. A
pro
ka
ryo
tic p
lan
t ce
llC
. A
eu
ka
ryo
tic a
nim
al ce
llD
. A
eu
ka
ryo
tic p
lan
t ce
ll
22
. U
sin
g a
mic
roscope
in
th
e s
cie
nce
lab
, Jill
ob
se
rve
d t
wo
un
kn
ow
n c
ells
: C
ell
1 a
nd
Ce
ll 2
. C
ell
1
sh
e ide
ntified
as a
pla
nt
ce
ll a
nd
Ce
ll 2
as a
n a
nim
al ce
ll.
He
r te
ache
r to
ld h
er
she
id
en
tified
the
ce
lls
co
rre
ctly.
Wha
t d
id J
ill m
ost lik
ely
ob
se
rve
to
co
rre
ctly id
en
tify
the
cells
?
A.
Ce
ll 2
had
a c
ell
me
mb
ran
e a
nd
Ce
ll 1
did
not.
B.
Ce
ll 1
had
a c
ell
wa
ll a
nd
Ce
ll 2 d
id n
ot.
C.
Ce
ll 2
ha
d a
ch
loro
pla
st
an
d C
ell
1 d
id n
ot.
D.
Ce
ll 1
ha
d a
nu
cle
us a
nd C
ell
2 d
id n
ot.
23
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g c
on
tain
co
mp
lex,
mem
bra
ne
-bou
nd
org
an
elle
s?
1.
ba
cte
ria
2.
viru
se
s
3.
eu
ka
ryo
tic
4.
pro
ka
ryo
tic
A.
1 a
nd
2B
. 2
and
4C
. 3
on
lyD
. 4
on
ly
12
24
. A
la
b t
ech
nic
ian n
ee
ds to
de
term
ine w
he
the
r ce
lls in
a te
st
tub
e a
re p
roka
ryo
tic o
r e
uka
ryo
tic.
T
he
te
ch
nic
ian
ha
s s
eve
ral d
ye
s s
he
co
uld
use
to
sta
in th
e c
ells
. F
ou
r of
the
dye
s a
re d
escrib
ed
in
th
e ta
ble
be
low
:
IND
ICA
TO
R D
YE
TE
ST
acrid
ine
ora
nge
sta
ins D
NA
an
d R
NA
osm
ium
te
tra
oxid
esta
ins lip
ids
eo
sin
sta
ins c
ell
cyto
pla
sm
Nile
Blu
e
sta
ins c
ell
nu
cle
i
Whic
h d
ye
co
uld
th
e t
ech
nic
ian
use
to
de
term
ine
wh
eth
er
the
ce
lls a
re p
roka
ryo
tic o
r e
uka
ryo
tic?
A.
acrid
ine
ora
nge
B.
osm
ium
te
tra
oxid
eC
. e
osin
D.
Nile
blu
e
25
. L
oo
k a
t th
e c
ell
me
mb
ran
e m
od
el b
elo
w:
What is
the
na
me
of
the
ma
cro
mo
lecu
le t
ha
t m
ake
s u
p t
he
ma
jority
of
the
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne?
A.
nu
cle
otid
e
B.
lip
id
C.
ca
rbo
hyd
rate
D.
pro
tein
13
26
. W
hat
is th
e a
dva
nta
ge
of
ce
lls b
ein
g s
o s
ma
ll?
A.
Sm
all
ce
lls c
on
tain
a g
rea
ter
qu
antity
of
en
zym
es t
ha
n la
rge
ce
lls.
B.
Sm
all
ce
lls d
o n
ot
requ
ire
en
erg
y a
nd
ge
t e
ve
ryth
ing t
he
y n
eed
fro
m o
sm
osis
.
C.
Th
e c
ell
ha
s a
sm
alle
r su
rfa
ce
are
a to
vo
lum
e r
atio
wh
ich
me
an
s it
ca
n m
ove
nu
trie
nts
into
th
e c
ell
an
d w
aste
out m
ore
eff
icie
ntly.
D.
Th
e c
ell
then
ha
s a
la
rge
r su
rfa
ce
are
a to
vo
lum
e r
atio
wh
ich
mea
ns it
ca
n m
ove
nu
trie
nts
in
to th
e c
ell
an
d w
aste
ou
t m
ore
eff
icie
ntly.
27
. T
he
rou
gh
end
op
lasm
ic r
eticu
lum
is a
cell
str
uctu
re th
at
co
nsis
ts o
f fo
lded
mem
bra
ne
s t
ha
t co
nta
in r
ibo
som
es.
Wh
at
is th
e a
dva
nta
ge
of
the
fo
lde
d m
em
bra
ne
s?
A.
in
cre
ase
s s
urf
ace a
rea
in
ord
er
to p
rod
uce
mo
re p
rote
ins
B.
de
cre
ase
s s
urf
ace
are
a in
ord
er
to p
rod
uce
mo
re p
rote
ins
C.
in
cre
ase
s v
olu
me
of
the e
do
pla
sm
ic r
eticu
lum
in o
rde
r to
pro
du
ce m
ore
ene
rgy
D.
de
cre
ase
s v
olu
me
of
the
en
do
pla
sm
ic r
eticu
lum
in
ord
er
to m
ake m
ore
ene
rgy
28
.If
a c
ell’
s lyso
so
me
s w
ere
da
ma
ge
d,
wh
ich
of
the f
ollo
win
g w
ou
ld m
os
t li
ke
ly o
ccu
r?
A. T
he c
ell
wo
uld
pro
du
ce
mo
re p
rote
ins t
ha
n it
nee
ds.
B. T
he c
ell
wo
uld
ha
ve c
hlo
rop
lasts
tha
t a
ppea
r ye
llow
ra
the
r th
an
gre
en
.
C.
The
ce
ll w
ou
ld b
e less a
ble
to
bre
ak d
ow
n m
ole
cu
les in
its
cyto
pla
sm
.
D.
The
ce
ll w
ou
ld b
e less a
ble
to
re
gu
late
th
e a
mou
nt of
flu
id in its
cyto
pla
sm
.
29
.W
hen
Str
ep
toco
ccu
s p
ne
um
on
iae
are
exp
osed
to a
n a
ntib
iotic, th
e b
acte
ria
try
to
pum
p t
he
a
ntib
iotic o
ut of
the
ir c
ells
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g m
ech
an
ism
s is m
os
t li
kely
use
d b
y t
he
S
tre
pto
co
ccu
s p
ne
um
on
iae
to p
um
p th
e a
ntib
iotic o
ut
of
the
ir c
ells
?
A.
active
tra
nsp
ort
B.
diffu
sio
n
C.
facili
tate
d d
iffu
sio
n
D.
osm
osis
14
30
.In
pu
re w
ate
r, a
red
blo
od
ce
ll fr
om
an
anim
al w
ill s
we
ll a
nd
bu
rst,
but
a le
af
ce
ll fr
om
a p
lan
t w
ill
no
t. W
hic
h s
tru
ctu
re in
th
e leaf
ce
ll is
re
sp
on
sib
le f
or
this
diffe
ren
ce
?
A.
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
B.
ce
ll w
all
C.
mito
cho
nd
rio
n
D.
nu
cle
us
31
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g f
un
ctio
ns d
oe
s a
ctive
tra
nsp
ort
pe
rfo
rm in
a c
ell?
A.
pa
cka
gin
g p
rote
ins f
or
exp
ort
fro
m th
e c
ell
B.
dis
trib
utin
g e
nzym
es t
hro
ugh
ou
t th
e c
yto
pla
sm
C.
mo
vin
g s
ub
sta
nce
s a
ga
inst
a c
on
ce
ntr
atio
n g
rad
ien
t
D.
equ
aliz
ing t
he
co
ncen
tra
tio
n o
f w
ate
r in
sid
e a
nd
ou
tsid
e t
he
ce
ll
32
. C
arr
ot
sticks th
at a
re left
in
a d
ish
of
fre
sh
wa
ter
for
se
ve
ral h
ou
rs b
ecom
e s
tiff
an
d h
ard
. S
imila
r sticks left
in
a s
altw
ate
r so
lutio
n b
eco
me
lim
p a
nd s
oft
.
Fro
m th
is w
e c
an d
ed
uce t
ha
t th
e fre
sh
wa
ter
is _
___
__
and
the
sa
ltw
ate
r is
__
___
___
to
th
e c
ells
of
the
ca
rro
t sticks.
A.
hyp
oto
nic
, h
yp
ert
on
ic
B.
hyp
oto
nic
, h
yp
oto
nic
C.
hyp
ert
on
ic, h
yp
oto
nic
D.
hyp
ert
on
ic, h
yp
ert
on
ic
33
.In
an
em
erg
en
cy t
rau
ma
ro
om
, a
do
cto
r a
ccid
enta
lly g
ive
s a
patie
nt a
la
rge
tra
nsfu
sio
n o
f d
istille
d
wa
ter
dire
ctly in
to o
ne
of
his
ve
ins in
ste
ad o
f b
loo
d.
Pre
dic
t w
ha
t m
igh
t h
app
en if
dis
tille
d w
ate
r w
as
giv
en
to
th
e p
atien
t in
ste
ad o
f b
lood
.
A.
ha
ve
no
unfa
vo
rab
le e
ffe
ct a
s lo
ng a
s t
he
wa
ter
wa
s s
terile
B.
ha
ve
se
rio
us, p
erh
ap
s fa
tal eff
ects
be
ca
use
the
re w
ou
ld b
e t
oo
mu
ch f
luid
fo
r th
e h
ea
rt t
o
pu
mp
.
C.
ha
ve
se
rio
us,
pe
rha
ps fa
tal eff
ects
be
ca
use
the
re
d b
lood
ce
lls w
ou
ld t
en
d to
sh
rive
l
D.
ha
ve
se
rio
us,
pe
rha
ps fa
tal eff
ects
be
ca
use
the
re
d b
lood
ce
lls w
ou
ld t
en
d to
bu
rst
15
34
. A
be
ake
r is
div
ide
d in
to t
wo
ha
lve
s,
A &
B,
by a
mem
bra
ne
th
at is
fre
ely
pe
rmea
ble
to
th
e w
ate
r a
nd
Na
Cl b
ut n
ot to
pro
tein
. S
ide A
is h
alf-f
ille
d w
ith
a s
olu
tio
n o
f 8%
pro
tein
, w
hile
sid
e B
is h
alf f
ille
d
with
a 2
% p
rote
in s
olu
tio
n.
Pre
dic
t w
ha
t w
ou
ld h
ap
pen
to
sid
e A
aft
er
a f
ew
hou
rs.
A.
The
nu
mb
er
of
pro
tein
mo
lecu
les h
as in
cre
ased
.
B.
The
nu
mb
er
of
wa
ter
mo
lecu
les h
as d
ecre
ased
.
C.
Th
e n
um
be
r of
wa
ter
mo
lecu
les h
as in
cre
ase
d.
D.
Th
e p
erc
en
tage
of w
ate
r h
as d
ecre
ased
.
SC
.9.1
.1.1
Na
ture
of
Sc
ien
ce
35
. A
re
se
arc
h g
roup h
as d
isco
ve
red
tha
t da
mse
lflie
s,
a typ
e o
f d
rago
nfly,
are
be
ing infe
cte
d b
y a
p
art
icu
lar
typ
e o
f a
qu
atic p
roto
zo
an
. B
oth
yo
un
g a
nd
ad
ult d
am
se
lflie
s a
re n
ot d
ire
ctly in
fecte
d b
y t
he
p
roto
zo
an
bu
t co
ntr
act th
e infe
ction
fro
m th
e p
rey t
he
y e
at.
The
gra
ph
sh
ow
s t
he p
erc
en
tage
of
adu
lt
da
mse
lflie
s infe
cte
d b
y p
roto
zo
an
s d
urin
g t
he
su
mm
er
an
d e
arly f
all.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing c
on
clu
sio
ns is b
est
sup
po
rted
by t
he
gra
ph
?
A.
Infe
ction
in
em
ba
nke
d p
on
ds in
cre
ase
d d
urin
g t
he
sam
plin
g p
eriod
.
B.
Pro
tozo
an
s w
ere
mo
re c
om
mo
n in
cre
ek-f
ed
po
nd
s t
ha
n e
mb
an
ke
d p
on
ds.
C.
Pro
tozo
an
s r
ep
roduce
mo
re q
uic
kly
in
em
ba
nked
pon
ds th
an
cre
ek-f
ed
po
nd
s.
D.
Infe
ctio
n in
cre
ek-f
ed
pon
ds r
em
ain
ed c
onsta
nt th
rou
gho
ut th
e s
am
plin
g p
eriod
.
16
36
. A
n o
sm
osis
in
ve
stiga
tio
n w
as c
on
du
cte
d u
sin
g c
hic
ke
n e
ggs t
o r
ep
resen
t ce
lls w
ith
sem
i
pe
rme
ab
le m
em
bra
nes.
Th
e m
ass o
f e
ach
egg w
as m
ea
su
red
to d
ete
rmin
e h
ow
mu
ch w
ate
r d
iffu
sed
into
or
ou
t of
the
eggs.
The
eggs w
ere
first
soa
ke
d in
vin
ega
r to
dis
so
lve
th
e s
he
ll. E
ach
egg w
as t
he
n
pla
ce
d in
on
e o
f th
ree
diffe
rent
so
lutio
ns fo
r 24
hou
rs. T
he
tab
le b
elo
w s
ho
ws t
he
re
su
lts o
f th
e
inve
stiga
tio
n.
Osm
osis
in C
ells
So
lution
Ave
rage
Ma
ss o
f E
ggs B
efo
re
So
akin
g (
gra
ms)
Ave
rage
Ma
ss o
f E
ggs A
fte
r S
oa
kin
g (
gra
ms)
Diffe
ren
ce
in
A
ve
rage
Ma
ss
(gra
ms)
Pe
rce
nt
Ch
an
ge
in
A
ve
rage
Ma
ss
Vin
ega
r(9
5%
wa
ter)
71
.29
8.6
27
.4+
38
.5
Co
rn S
yru
p (
5%
wa
ter)
98
.66
4.5
34
.1-3
4.6
Dis
tille
d W
ate
r (1
00
% w
ate
r)6
4.5
10
5.3
40
.8+
63
.3
Ba
se
d o
n t
his
exp
erim
en
t, w
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing s
ho
uld
be
infe
rre
d a
bou
t ce
lls w
ith
sem
i pe
rmea
ble
m
em
bra
ne
s?
A.
Sub
sta
nce
s o
the
r th
an
wa
ter
ma
y a
lso
cro
ss t
he
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
.
B.
Sub
sta
nce
s o
the
r th
an
wa
ter
ma
y b
lock p
ore
s in
the
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
.
C. W
ate
r e
nte
rs th
e c
ell
wh
en
pla
ce
d in
en
viro
nm
en
ts o
f h
igh
wa
ter
co
ncen
tra
tion
.
D. W
ate
r le
ave
s t
he
cell
wh
en
pla
ce
d in
en
vir
on
me
nts
with
a lo
w c
on
ce
ntr
atio
n o
f so
lute
s
17
37
.A
Tea
m o
f b
iolo
gy s
tude
nts
pe
rfo
rmed
an
exp
erim
en
t to
te
st
the
eff
ects
of
fou
r d
iffe
rent
so
lutio
ns o
n a
de
-she
lled
, ra
w c
hic
ke
n e
gg.
Ea
ch
ra
w,
un
bro
ke
n c
hic
ke
n e
gg o
f th
e s
am
e s
ize
wa
s p
lace
d in e
ach
of fo
ur
diffe
ren
tso
lutio
ns. T
we
nty
-fo
ur
ho
urs
la
ter
the
fo
llow
ing r
esu
lts w
e o
bta
ine
d.
Usin
g t
he
data
ta
ble
ab
ove
an
d y
ou
r kn
ow
led
ge
ab
ou
t th
e p
roce
ss o
f scie
nce
,w
hic
h s
olu
tio
n w
ou
ld r
ep
resen
t th
e c
on
tro
l in
th
is e
xp
erim
en
t?
A.
So
lutio
n A
B.
So
lutio
n B
C.
So
lution
CD
. S
olu
tion
D
38
. W
hat
is th
e in
dep
en
den
t va
ria
ble
in
th
eexp
erim
en
tfr
om
qu
estion
#38
?
A.
So
lution
A, B
& C
.B
. S
olu
tion
D o
nly
C.
Th
e e
ggs
D.
Ma
ss
18
To
pic
s:
Sc
ien
ce
of
Bio
log
y,
Ce
llS
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nc
tio
n,
an
d N
atu
re o
f S
cie
nc
eP
rac
tic
e T
es
t
ST
UD
EN
T:
TE
AC
HE
R:
#T
op
icM
YA
NS
WE
RC
OR
RE
CT
AD
DIT
ION
AL
HE
LP
NE
ED
ED
1C
ell
The
ory
2C
ell
The
ory
3C
ell
The
ory
4C
ell
The
ory
5C
ell
Str
uctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
6C
ell
Str
uctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
7C
ell
Str
uctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
8C
ell
Str
uctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
9C
ell
Str
uctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
10
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
11
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
12
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
13
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
14
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
15
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
16
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
17
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
18
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
19
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
20
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
21
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
22
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
23
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
24
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
25
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
26
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
27
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
28
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
29
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
30
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
31
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
32
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
33
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
34
Ce
ll S
tru
ctu
re a
nd
Fu
nctio
n
35
Na
ture
of
Scie
nce
36
Na
ture
of
Scie
nce
37
Na
ture
of
Scie
nce
38
Na
ture
of
Scie
nce
EO
C R
evie
wW
ate
r, M
acro
mo
lecu
les,
En
zym
es, P
ho
tosyn
thesis
, C
ellu
lar
Resp
irati
on
, A
TP
19
an
d T
he N
atu
re o
f S
cie
nce
Ben
ch
mark
s:
SC
.912.L
.18.1
Describe the b
asic
mole
cula
r str
uctu
res a
nd p
rim
ary
functions o
f th
e f
our
majo
r
cate
gories o
f bio
log
ical m
acro
mole
cule
s.
SC
.9.1
2.L
.18.1
1 E
xpla
in t
he r
ole
of
enzym
es a
s c
ata
lysts
that
low
er
the a
ctivation e
nerg
y o
f
bio
chem
ical re
actions. Id
entify
facto
rs, such a
s p
H a
nd t
em
pera
ture
, and their e
ffect on e
nzym
es
activity.
SC
.912.L
.1.1
8.1
2 D
iscuss t
he s
pecia
l pro
pert
ies o
f w
ate
r th
at
contr
ibute
to E
art
h’s
suitabili
ty a
s a
n
environm
ent fo
r lif
e: cohesiv
e b
ehavio
r, a
bili
ty t
o m
odera
te tem
pera
ture
, expansio
n u
pon f
reezin
g,
and v
ers
atilit
y a
s a
solv
ent
SC
.912.L
.18.9
Expla
in t
he inte
rrela
ted n
atu
re o
f photo
synth
esis
and c
ellu
lar
respiration
SC
.912.L
.18.7
Identify
the r
eacta
nt s,
pro
ducts
, and b
asic
functions o
f photo
synth
esis
SC
.912.L
.18.8
Identify
the r
eacta
nt s,
pro
ducts
, and b
asic
functions o
f aero
bic
and a
naero
bic
cellu
lar
respiration
SC
.912.L
.18.1
0 C
onnect th
e r
ole
of
adenosin
e tripho
sphate
(A
TP
) to
energ
y t
ransfe
rs w
ithin
the c
ell.
Su
mm
ary
:
Yo
u n
eed
to
kn
ow
th
e f
oll
ow
ing
:
The b
asic
mole
cula
r str
uctu
re a
nd p
rim
ary
functions o
f carb
ohydra
tes, pro
tein
s,
lipid
s,
and n
ucle
ic
acid
s.
The r
ole
of
enzym
es a
s c
ata
lysts
that lo
wer
the a
ctivation e
nerg
y o
f bio
chem
ical re
actions.
How
facto
rs s
uch a
s p
H a
nd t
em
pera
ture
aff
ect
enzym
e a
ctivity.
The s
pecific
pro
pert
ies o
f w
ate
r th
at
contr
ibute
to E
art
h's
suitabili
ty a
s a
n e
nvironm
ent fo
r lif
e. T
hese
inclu
de:
cohesiv
e b
ehavio
r, a
bili
ty t
o m
odera
te tem
pera
ture
, expansio
n u
pon fre
ezin
g,
vers
atilit
y a
s a
solv
ent,
hydro
gen b
ondin
g a
nd p
ola
rity
.
How
photo
synth
esis
and c
ellu
lar
respiration a
re r
ela
ted (
that th
e p
roducts
of
one a
re t
he r
eacta
nts
of
the o
ther)
.
The r
eacta
nts
, pro
ducts
and b
asic
functions o
f photo
synth
esis
, aero
bic
, and a
naero
bic
respiration.
To u
nders
tand h
ow
AT
P is c
onnecte
d w
ith e
nerg
y tra
nsfe
rs w
ithin
the c
ell.
That
photo
synth
esis
sto
res e
nerg
y w
hile
cellu
lar
respiration r
ele
ases e
nerg
y.
Ad
dit
ion
al
Su
pp
ort
Holt M
cD
oug
al B
iolo
gy Inte
ractive R
eader:
oC
hapte
r 2,
Section 2
.2, 2.3
, 2.4
, 2.5
oC
hapte
r 4,
Section 4
.1, 4.2
, 4.4
Everg
lades B
iolo
gy E
nd-O
f-C
ours
e R
evie
w
oP
ag
es 3
9-6
5,
88-9
6
Websites
oh
ttp
://w
ww
.ecsd
-fl.sch
oo
lloop
.co
m/B
iolo
gyE
OC
Re
vie
wo
htt
p:/
/fca
t.fldo
e.o
rg/e
oc/
20
SC
.91
2.L
.18
.12
:W
ate
r
39
.W
ate
r ha
s a
mu
ch h
igh
er
sp
ecific
he
at
tha
n m
ost o
the
r co
va
len
t co
mp
oun
ds. W
ha
t d
o y
ou
p
red
ict m
igh
t h
ap
pe
n if
wa
ter
ha
d a
lo
w s
pe
cific
he
at in
ste
ad
?
A.
Flo
od
ing w
ou
ld o
ccu
r a
nd a
nim
als
wo
uld
be
fo
rce
d to
mig
rate
B.
Ha
rmfu
l o
rga
nis
ms liv
ing in
wa
ter
wo
uld
re
pro
du
ce
at a
rap
id r
ate
C.
Org
an
ism
s th
at a
re s
en
sitiv
e t
o c
ha
nge
s in
tem
pe
ratu
re w
ou
ld d
ieD
. P
lan
ts w
ou
ld n
ot
ha
ve
en
ou
gh
wa
ter
to e
ffe
ctive
ly c
arr
y o
ut
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
40
.S
ma
ll in
se
cts
ca
n w
alk
acro
ss t
he
su
rfa
ce
of
ca
lm w
ate
r. T
he
ir fe
et p
ush t
he
su
rfa
ce
of th
e w
ate
r d
ow
n s
ligh
tly,
so
me
wh
at
like
a p
ers
on
wa
lkin
g a
cro
ss a
tra
mpo
line
, b
ut
the
y d
o n
ot b
rea
k th
e s
urf
ace
. W
hat is
the
be
st e
xp
lan
ation
fo
r w
hy
this
ha
pp
en
s?
A.
The
in
se
cts
are
lig
ht
eno
ugh
so t
hat
the
y d
o n
ot
bre
ak t
he
hyd
roge
n b
on
ds
ho
ldin
g t
he
w
ate
r m
ole
cu
les t
oge
the
rB
. T
he
in
se
cts
actu
ally
use
th
eir w
ings t
o h
ove
r slig
htly a
bo
ve
th
e w
ate
r's s
urf
ace
an
d the
y
on
ly s
kim
it
with
th
eir fe
et
C.
Th
e in
se
cts
' fe
et a
re n
on
-po
lar,
so
th
ey a
re r
ep
elle
d b
y t
he
po
lar
wa
ter
mo
lecu
les a
nd
are
p
ushe
d a
wa
y f
rom
th
e w
ate
r's s
urf
ace
D.
Th
e in
se
cts
are
sm
all
en
ou
gh
to
se
e th
e in
div
idu
al w
ate
r m
ole
cule
s,
so
th
ey a
re a
ble
to
ste
p c
are
fully
fro
m o
ne m
ole
cu
leto
th
e n
ext
41
.A
flo
rist p
lace
s a
bo
uqu
et of
wh
ite
ca
rna
tio
ns in
wa
ter
con
tain
ing b
lue
dye
. A
fte
r a
tim
e,
the
flo
we
rs t
urn
blu
e. W
hat
pro
ce
ss h
elp
ed
th
e c
arn
ation
s t
o c
han
ge
colo
r?
A.
Sp
ecific
he
at
B.
Su
rfa
ce t
en
sio
nC
.C
oh
esio
n a
nd
ad
he
sio
n o
f w
ate
r m
ole
cu
les
D.
Fo
rma
tion
of
co
va
len
t b
ond
s b
etw
ee
n h
yd
roge
n a
nd
oxyge
n m
ole
cule
s
42
.M
aria,
aft
er
find
ing n
o c
old
sod
as in t
he
refr
ige
rato
r, p
lace
d a
can
of
so
da
in
th
e f
ree
ze
r. S
he
the
n p
rocee
de
d to
check h
er
so
cia
l n
etw
ork
ing s
ite
an
d f
org
ot
ab
ou
t th
e s
od
a.
La
ter
tha
t e
ve
nin
g h
er
bro
the
r w
en
t to
ge
t som
e ice a
nd
it
wa
s b
row
n.
Ma
ria
’s s
oda
can
had
sp
lit o
pe
n. W
ha
t is
the
be
st
exp
lan
atio
n f
or
wh
at ha
ppe
ned
?
A.
As t
he w
ate
r co
ole
d,
it a
dhe
red
to
th
e c
an
, cau
sin
g it
to s
plit
B.
When th
e w
ate
r fr
oze
, th
e s
pa
ce b
etw
ee
nh
yd
roge
n m
ole
cu
les e
xpa
nde
dC
.W
hen th
e w
ate
r fr
oze
, it w
ea
ke
ne
d th
e m
ole
cu
lar
bon
ds in t
he
alu
min
um
ca
nD
.A
s t
he w
ate
r co
ole
d,
the
su
rfa
ce
ten
sio
n o
f th
e w
ate
r d
ecre
ase
d a
nd t
he
ca
n c
olla
psed
21
43
. W
ate
r is
esse
ntia
l fo
r lif
e.
Its
spe
cia
l p
rop
ert
ies m
ake
wa
ter
the s
ingle
mo
st im
po
rtan
t m
ole
cu
le
in p
lant
life
. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing p
rop
ert
ies o
f w
ate
r e
na
ble
it
to m
ove
fro
m th
e r
oo
ts to
th
e lea
ve
s
of
pla
nts
?
A.
Wate
r e
xp
an
ds a
s it fr
ee
ze
s.
B.
Wate
r is
an
exce
llen
t so
lve
nt.
C.
Wate
r e
xh
ibits c
ohe
siv
e b
eh
avio
r.D
. W
ate
r is
ab
le to
mod
era
te t
em
pe
ratu
re.
44
.L
arg
e b
od
ies o
f w
ate
r, s
uch
as la
ke
s a
nd
ocea
ns, d
o n
ot qu
ickly
flu
ctu
ate
in
tem
pe
ratu
re. W
ha
t is
th
e r
ea
so
n f
or
this
phen
om
eno
n?
A. W
ate
r is
an
acid
.
B. W
ate
r is
a v
ers
atile
so
lve
nt.
C. W
ate
r a
cts
as a
buffe
r.
D.
Wate
r ha
s a
hig
h h
ea
t ca
pa
city.
45
. M
an
y f
ish a
nd
aqua
tic p
lan
ts c
an
su
rviv
e a
co
ld w
inte
r be
ca
use
th
e la
ye
r of
ice t
ha
t fo
rms a
t th
e
top
of
the
la
ke
in
su
late
s t
he
wa
ter
be
low
an
d p
reve
nts
the
la
ke f
rom
fre
ezin
g s
olid
. W
hat un
iqu
e
pro
pe
rty o
f w
ate
r con
trib
ute
s t
o th
is e
ffe
ct?
A. W
ate
r a
bso
rbs h
ea
t w
he
n it
eva
po
rate
s a
nd
fo
rms a
ga
s
B. W
ate
r e
xp
an
ds a
nd b
ecom
es le
ss d
en
se w
he
n it fr
ee
ze
s.
C. W
ate
r m
ole
cu
les c
om
ple
tely
se
pa
rate
in
to io
ns in
so
lutio
ns.
D. W
ate
r fo
rms h
yd
roge
n b
on
ds w
ith
io
ns a
nd o
the
r p
ola
r su
bsta
nces.
46
.W
ate
r is
oft
en c
alle
d th
e "
un
ive
rsa
l so
lve
nt"
be
cau
se
man
y s
ubsta
nce
s c
an b
e d
isso
lve
d in
w
ate
r. W
ha
t p
rop
ert
ies
of
wa
ter
allo
wit t
o b
e s
uch
a v
ers
atile
so
lve
nt?
A.
pu
rity
and
po
larity
B.
po
larity
an
d c
oh
esio
n
C.
hig
h h
eat
cap
acity
an
d a
dh
esio
n
D.
exp
an
sio
n u
po
n f
ree
zin
ga
nd
so
lve
ncy
22
47
. W
ate
r m
ake
s u
p a
pp
roxim
ate
ly 6
0%
of
the
hum
an
bo
dy a
nd
pla
ys a
vita
l ro
le in
re
gu
latin
g b
od
y
tem
pe
ratu
re. W
hic
h p
rop
ert
y o
f w
ate
r m
ake
s it
go
od
at
regu
latin
g t
em
pe
ratu
re?
A.
Wate
r is
a g
ood
so
lve
nt.
B.
Wate
r e
xh
ibits s
tro
ng c
oh
esio
n.
C.
Wate
r h
as a
n u
nu
su
al cry
sta
llin
e s
tru
ctu
re.
D.
Wate
r h
as a
hig
h c
ap
acity f
or
hea
t.
SC
.91
2.L
.18
.1 M
ac
rom
ole
cu
les
48
. T
wo
of
the f
ou
r p
rin
cip
le c
lasse
s o
f o
rga
nic
co
mpo
un
ds a
re p
rote
ins a
nd
nu
cle
ic a
cid
s. W
hat
is
the
re
latio
nsh
ip b
etw
ee
n p
rote
ins a
nd
nu
cle
ic a
cid
s?
A.
Nu
cle
ic a
cid
s u
se
pro
tein
s f
or
en
erg
yB
.N
ucle
ic a
cid
s a
re a
sub
se
t of
pro
tein
sC
.P
rote
ins a
re lon
g p
oly
me
rs o
f nu
cle
ic a
cid
sD
.N
ucle
ic a
cid
s c
on
tain
th
e info
rma
tio
n to
ma
ke p
rote
ins
49
.R
esis
tan
ce t
o a
ntibio
tics r
esu
lts f
rom
va
ria
tio
ns in
th
e g
en
etic c
ode
of
Str
epto
co
ccu
s p
neu
mo
nia
e.
Whic
h typ
e o
f m
ole
cu
le e
nco
de
s g
en
etic info
rma
tion
in
Str
ep
toco
ccu
s p
ne
um
on
iae
?
A.
ca
rbo
hyd
rate
B.
fa
tty a
cid
C.
nu
cle
ic a
cid
D.
pro
tein
.
50
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g d
iagra
ms b
elo
w is a
n e
xa
mp
le o
f a
ca
rbo
hyd
rate
?
A.
1B
. 2
C.
3D
. 4
23
51
. In
liv
ing o
rga
nis
ms,
lipid
s f
un
ctio
n m
ain
ly a
s:
A.
So
urc
es o
f sto
red
ene
rgy a
nd
tra
nsm
itte
rs o
f ge
ne
tic info
rma
tio
nB
.S
ou
rce
s o
f sto
red
ene
rgy a
nd
com
po
ne
nts
of
ce
llula
r m
em
bra
ne
sC
.T
ran
sm
itte
rs o
f gen
etic info
rma
tio
n a
nd
cata
lysts
of
ch
em
ica
l re
action
sD
.C
ata
lysts
of
che
mic
al re
action
s a
nd
com
po
nen
ts o
f ce
llula
r m
em
bra
ne
s
Stu
dy t
he
dia
gra
m b
elo
w o
f th
e c
ell
me
mb
ran
e.
52
.W
hat
is th
e b
uild
ing b
lock o
f str
uctu
re G
?
A.
nu
cle
otid
eB
. c
ha
ins o
f fa
tty a
cid
sC
. a
min
o a
cid
sD
. m
on
osa
cch
aride
s
53
. W
hic
h m
acro
mo
lecu
le m
ake
s u
p th
e m
ajo
rity
of
the
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne?
A.
nu
cle
otid
eB
. lip
idC
. p
rote
inD
. c
arb
oh
yd
rate
54
.W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g m
acro
mo
lecu
le is n
ot
ide
ntifie
d o
n th
e c
ell
mem
bra
ne
ab
ove
?
A.
nu
cle
otid
eB
. lip
idC
. p
rote
inD
. c
arb
oh
yd
rate
24
55
.B
ab
y f
oo
d m
an
ufa
ctu
rers
som
etim
es u
se p
rote
ase
s in t
he
ir p
rodu
cts
. P
rote
ase
s c
ata
lyze
th
e
bre
akdo
wn
of
the
pro
tein
s in
the
se
fo
od
s, m
akin
g d
ige
stio
n e
asie
r fo
r in
fants
.
Pro
tea
se
s a
re w
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing t
yp
es o
f m
ole
cu
les?
A.
en
zym
eB
. fa
tty a
cid
C.
ca
rboh
yd
rate
D.
nu
cle
ic a
cid
.
56
. O
va
lbu
min
is a
pro
tein
fo
un
d in e
ggs. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g b
es
td
escrib
es th
e m
ole
cu
lar
str
uctu
re o
f o
va
lbum
in?
A.
a g
rou
p o
f six
ca
rbo
n a
tom
s jo
ine
d in a
rin
g.
B.
a c
ha
in o
f am
ino
acid
s f
old
ed
an
d tw
iste
d in
to a
mo
lecu
leC
. a
set
of
thre
e f
att
y a
cid
s a
tta
che
d to
a m
ole
cu
le o
f gly
ce
rol
D.
a s
eque
nce o
f n
itro
ge
no
us
ba
se
s a
tta
ch
ed
to
a s
uga
r ph
osp
hate
ba
ckbo
ne
57
. M
an
y p
lan
ts h
ave
wa
xy c
oa
tin
gs o
n s
om
e s
urf
ace
s. T
his
co
ating r
ed
uce
s w
ate
r lo
ss b
eca
use
it
is
no
t w
ate
r-p
erm
eab
le. T
his
wa
xy c
oa
tin
g is w
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g t
yp
es o
f o
rga
nic
mo
lecu
le?
A.
pro
tein
B.
ca
rbo
hyd
rate
C.
nu
cle
ic a
cid
D.
lip
id
58
. L
ike
co
mp
lex c
arb
oh
yd
rate
s, p
rote
ins a
re m
acro
mo
lecu
les th
at se
rve
ma
ny f
un
ctio
ns a
nd
ca
n b
e
ch
em
ica
lly b
roke
n d
ow
n a
nd
re
str
uctu
red.
Both
pro
tein
s a
nd c
om
ple
x c
arb
oh
yd
rate
s a
re w
hic
h o
f th
e
follo
win
g?
A.
po
lym
ers
of
sm
alle
r su
bun
its
B.
se
qu
en
ce
of
su
ga
rsC
. lip
ids o
f la
rge
mo
lecu
les
D.
nu
cle
otid
es o
f D
NA
25
59
. W
hat
is th
e fu
nction
of
the m
acro
mo
lecu
le s
ubu
nit b
elo
w?
A.
en
erg
y
B.
cata
lyst
C.
sto
res g
ene
tic info
rma
tion
D.
co
mp
ose
s t
he
ma
jority
of
the
ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
60
.T
he
dia
gra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws a
mo
nom
er
of
a m
acro
mo
lecu
le. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing
ma
cro
mo
lecu
les c
on
tain
s t
he
se
mon
om
ers
?
A.
ca
rbo
hyd
rate
sB
. p
rote
ins
C.
nu
cle
ic a
cid
D.
lip
id
26
SC
.91
2.L
.18
.11
En
zym
es
61
. S
om
e b
acte
ria
liv
e in
hot
sp
rin
gs.
The
ir c
ells
co
nta
in e
nzym
es t
ha
t fu
nctio
n b
est a
t te
mp
era
ture
s
of
70
°C
or
hig
he
r.A
t th
e te
mp
era
ture
of
50
°C
, h
ow
will
th
e e
nzym
es in
the
se
ba
cte
ria
l ce
lls m
ost
like
lyb
e a
ffe
cte
d?
A.
The
en
zym
es w
ill b
e d
estr
oye
d b
yly
so
so
me
s.
B.
The
en
zym
es w
ill lo
se
th
eir b
on
d s
tru
ctu
re a
nd
fa
ll ap
art
.C
.T
he
en
zym
es w
ill r
equ
ire
le
ss e
ne
rgy t
o f
un
ctio
n th
an a
t 7
0 °
C.
D.
The
en
zym
es w
ill n
ot
incre
ase
th
e r
ate
of
reactio
ns a
s m
uch
as t
he
y w
ou
ld a
t 70
°C
.
62
. M
an
y o
f th
e p
rote
ins in
th
eh
um
an b
od
y a
re e
nzym
es t
ha
t cata
lyze
ch
em
ica
l re
actio
ns.
Wha
t is
th
e r
ela
tio
nsh
ip b
etw
ee
n e
nzym
es a
nd
activa
tio
n e
ne
rgy?
A.
When a
n e
nzym
e c
ata
lyze
s a
re
actio
n,
it in
cre
ase
s th
e a
ctiva
tio
n e
nerg
y o
f th
e r
ea
ctio
nB
.W
hen a
n e
nzym
e c
ata
lyze
s a
re
actio
n,
it in
cre
ase
s th
e a
ctiva
tio
n e
nerg
y o
f th
e p
rodu
ct.
C.
When a
n e
nzym
e c
ata
lyze
s a
re
actio
n,
it d
ecre
ase
s th
e a
ctiva
tio
n e
ne
rgy o
f th
e r
ea
ction
.D
.W
hen a
n e
nzym
e c
ata
lyze
s a
re
actio
n,
it d
oe
s n
ot aff
ect
the
activa
tio
n e
ne
rgy o
f th
e
rea
ctio
n.
63
. M
ea
t te
nd
erize
r co
nta
ins a
n e
nzym
e t
hat b
rea
ks d
ow
n m
ea
t. If
me
at
is c
oa
ted
with
te
nd
erize
r a
nd
th
en
pla
ce
d in
a r
efr
ige
rato
r, p
red
ict h
ow
th
e e
nzym
e m
igh
t b
e a
ffe
cte
d?
A.
It w
ou
ld b
rea
k d
ow
n t
he
me
at m
ore
slo
wly
.B
. I
t w
ou
ld d
isin
tegra
te t
he
me
at.
C.
It
wo
uld
bre
ak
do
wn
the
me
at m
ore
qu
ickly
.D
. I
t w
ou
ld c
ha
nge
th
e s
ha
pe
of
the
me
at.
64
. A
s fo
od
tra
ve
ls t
hro
ugh
the
dig
estive
syste
m, it is e
xp
osed
to a
va
rie
ty o
f p
H le
ve
ls.
The
sto
ma
ch
ha
s a
pH
of
2 d
ue t
o th
e p
resen
ce
of
hyd
roch
loric a
cid
(H
Cl),
an
d th
e s
ma
ll in
testin
e h
as a
p
H r
an
gin
g f
rom
7to
9.
HC
lco
nve
rts p
ep
sin
oge
n in
to p
ep
sin
, an
enzym
e t
ha
t d
ige
sts
pro
tein
s in
th
e
sto
ma
ch
.W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g m
ost
like
ly h
ap
pe
ns to
pe
psin
as it e
nte
rs th
e s
ma
ll in
testin
e?
A.
It b
eco
me
s ina
ctive
.
B.
Itb
egin
s to
re
plic
ate
.
C.
Its s
hap
e c
han
ge
s t
o e
ngu
lf la
rge
pro
tein
s.
D.
Its a
ctivity in
cre
ase
s t
o d
ige
st
mo
re p
rote
ins.
27
65
.T
he
gra
ph
be
low
sh
ow
s h
ow
th
e a
ctivity o
f an
en
zym
e c
ha
nge
s o
ve
r a
ra
nge
of
pH
va
lue
s.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing c
on
clu
sio
ns c
an b
e d
raw
n f
rom
th
is g
rap
h?
A.
The
op
tim
um
pH
of th
e e
nzym
e is 6
.6.
B.
The
op
tim
um
pH
of th
e e
nzym
e is 5
.8C
. T
he
en
zym
e’s
activity c
on
tin
ua
lly in
cre
ases a
s p
H in
cre
ase
s f
rom
5.0
to
9.0
D.
Th
e e
nzym
e’s
activity is g
rea
ter
aro
un
d p
H o
f 8
.0 th
an a
roun
d p
H o
f 5
.0.
66
. T
he
dia
gra
m b
elo
w illu
str
ate
s a
bio
che
mic
al p
roce
ss th
at o
ccu
rs in
org
an
ism
s.
What is
an
oth
er
na
me
fo
r th
e s
ub
sta
nce
lab
ele
d "
ca
taly
st"
?
A.
En
zym
e
B.
ino
rga
nic
co
mp
ou
nd
C.
Ho
rmo
ne
D.
An
tib
od
y
28
67
.T
he
hum
an
bod
y m
ain
tain
s a
tem
pe
ratu
re o
f a
roun
d 9
8.6
de
gre
es a
t a
ll tim
es.
En
zym
es a
re
invo
lve
d in
alm
ost e
ve
ry c
he
mic
al re
actio
n in th
e b
od
y. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing d
escrib
es t
he
co
nne
ctio
n b
etw
ee
n t
he
se
tw
o s
tate
me
nts
?
A. E
nzym
es f
un
ctio
n b
est a
t a s
pe
cific
tem
pe
ratu
re.
B. T
he
bo
dy n
ee
ds t
o b
e w
arm
to p
reve
nt
hyp
oth
erm
ia.
C. T
he
bo
dy is k
ep
t re
lative
ly w
arm
to
pre
ve
nt
too
mu
ch
en
zym
e a
ction
.
D. T
he
re is n
o c
on
ne
ctio
n b
etw
ee
n th
e tw
o s
tate
me
nts
.
68
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g b
es
te
xp
lain
s w
hy e
nzym
es a
re n
ece
ssa
ry f
or
ma
ny c
ellu
lar
rea
ctio
ns?
A. E
nzym
es s
upp
ly t
he
oxyge
n n
ece
ssa
ry f
or
the
re
actio
ns.
B. E
nzym
es c
han
ge
re
acta
nts
fro
m s
olid
to
liq
uid
s d
urin
g t
he r
ea
ction
s.
C.
The
re
actio
ns ta
ke
up
to
o m
uch
spa
ce
in
th
e c
ell
if t
he
en
zym
es a
re m
issin
g.
D.
The
re
actio
ns a
re t
oo
slo
w t
o m
ee
t th
e n
ee
ds o
f th
e c
ell
if e
nzym
es a
re m
issin
g.
69
. A
stu
den
t is
in
ve
stiga
tin
g h
ow
re
actio
n r
ate
cha
nge
s o
ve
r a
ran
ge
of
en
zym
e
co
ncen
tra
tion
s.
The
stu
den
tu
se
s e
xce
ss r
eacta
nts
.W
hic
h o
f th
e follo
win
g b
est
rep
rese
nts
th
e
rela
tio
nsh
ip b
etw
ee
n e
nzym
e c
on
ce
ntr
atio
n a
nd
re
actio
n r
ate
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
29
SC
.L.1
8.9
P
ho
tos
yn
the
sis
& C
ell
ula
r R
es
pir
ati
on
70
. H
ow
are
ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tio
n a
nd
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
re
late
d,
in te
rms o
f en
erg
y?
A. T
he e
ne
rgy c
ap
ture
d in
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
is u
se
d to
po
we
r ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tio
n.
B. T
he e
ne
rgy t
ran
sfo
rme
d in
ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tio
n is u
se
d to
po
we
r p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
.
C.
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
an
d r
esp
ira
tio
n p
erf
orm
the
sam
e ta
sk in
te
rms o
f e
ne
rgy t
ran
sfo
rma
tion
.
D.
En
erg
y is n
ot
invo
lve
d in
eith
er
pho
tosyn
the
sis
or
ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tio
n.
71
. In
wh
ich
wa
y a
re p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
and
ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tion
diffe
rent?
A.
Ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tio
n s
tore
s A
TP
, w
hile
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
re
lea
se
s A
TP
.
B.
Ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tio
n p
rod
uce
s o
xyge
n,
wh
ile p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
use
s o
xyge
n.
C.
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
re
lea
se
s e
ne
rgy,
wh
ile c
ellu
lar
resp
ira
tion
sto
res e
ne
rgy.
D.
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
used
ca
rbon
dio
xid
e,
wh
ile c
ellu
lar
resp
ira
tion
pro
du
ce
s c
arb
on
dio
xid
e.
72
. T
he
dia
gra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws t
he
re
latio
nship
be
twe
en
pho
tosyn
the
sis
and
ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tio
n a
nd
the
org
an
elle
s in
wh
ich t
he
y o
ccu
r.
Whic
h s
tate
me
nt d
escrib
es h
ow
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
an
d c
ellu
lar
resp
ira
tio
n a
re in
terr
ela
ted?
A.
Oxyge
n is p
rod
uce
d d
urin
g c
ellu
lar
resp
ira
tio
n a
nd
sto
red
du
rin
g p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
.
B.
Ca
rbon
dio
xid
e a
nd w
ate
r re
lea
se
d b
y c
ellu
lar
resp
ira
tio
n a
re u
se
d in
pho
tosyn
the
sis
.
C.
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
re
lea
se
s th
e e
ne
rgy t
ha
t is
sto
red
du
rin
g t
he
pro
ce
ss o
f ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tio
n.
D.
Glu
co
se is u
sed
du
rin
g c
ellu
lar
resp
ira
tio
n to
pro
du
ce f
oo
d th
at is
bro
ke
n d
ow
n d
urin
g
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
.
30
73
. A
dia
gra
m r
ep
resen
tin
g t
he r
ela
tion
sh
ip b
etw
ee
n p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
an
d c
ellu
lar
resp
ira
tion
is s
ho
wn
be
low
.
The
nu
mb
ere
d b
oxe
s in
the
dia
gra
m r
ep
resen
t w
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing?
A.
1 -
wa
ter;
2 -
nitro
gen
B.
1 -
nitro
ge
n; 2
-o
xyge
n
C.
1 -
oxyge
n;
2 -
ca
rbo
n d
ioxid
e
D.
1 -
ca
rbo
n d
ioxid
e; 2
–w
ate
r
74
. T
wo
te
st tu
be
s w
ere
fill
ed
with
a s
olu
tio
n o
f b
rom
thym
ol b
lue
. A
stu
den
t e
xh
ale
d th
rou
gh
a s
tra
w
into
ea
ch
tu
be
, an
d th
e b
rom
thym
ol b
lue
tu
rned
ye
llow
. A
n a
qu
atic g
ree
n p
lan
t w
as p
lace
d in
to e
ach
tub
e,
an
d th
e tu
be
s w
ere
co
rke
d. O
ne
tub
e w
as p
lace
d in
th
e d
ark
, a
nd
on
e w
as p
lace
d in
dire
ct
su
nlig
ht.
Th
e y
ello
w s
olu
tio
n in t
he t
ub
e in s
un
ligh
t tu
rned
blu
e,
wh
ile t
he
on
e in t
he d
ark
re
ma
ine
d
ye
llow
. W
hic
h s
tate
men
t be
st
exp
lain
s w
hy t
he
so
lutio
n in
th
e t
ub
e p
lace
d in s
un
ligh
t re
turn
ed
to
a
blu
e c
olo
r?
A.
Oxyge
n w
as p
rod
uce
d b
y p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
.B
. C
arb
on
dio
xid
e w
as r
em
ove
d b
y p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
.C
. C
arb
on d
ioxid
e w
as p
rod
uce
d b
y r
esp
ira
tio
n.
D.
Oxyge
n w
as r
em
ove
d b
y r
esp
ira
tion
.
31
75
.W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g d
iagra
ms a
ccu
rate
ly r
ep
rese
nts
th
e u
se
of
ga
se
s in b
oth
ce
llula
r
resp
ira
tio
n a
nd p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
SC
.91
2.L
.18
.7 P
ho
tos
yn
the
sis
76
.W
hic
h g
as is r
em
ove
d f
rom
th
e a
tmo
sph
ere
du
rin
g p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
?
A.
hyd
roge
n
B.
oxyge
n
C.
nitro
ge
n
D.
ca
rbo
n d
ioxid
e
77
. A
po
tted
pla
nt
is p
lace
d in
sid
e a
cle
ar,
sea
led
va
cu
um
co
nta
ine
r th
at h
as w
ate
r p
um
ped
in
to it
on
a r
egu
lar
ba
sis
. T
he
con
tain
er
is p
laced
in
th
e s
un
an
d t
he
pla
nt’s g
row
th is m
on
ito
red
. W
hic
h
sta
tem
en
t be
st d
escribe
s w
ha
t w
ill m
ost
like
ly h
app
en t
o t
he p
lan
t o
ve
r tim
e?
A.
The
pla
nt
will
gro
w f
aste
r be
cau
se
it
is s
helte
red
fro
m th
e w
ind
.
B.
The
pla
nt
will
die
be
ca
use
it
do
es n
ot h
ave
oxyge
n f
or
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
.
C.
Th
e p
lan
t w
ill d
ie b
eca
use
it
do
es n
ot h
ave
ca
rbon
dio
xid
e f
or
pho
tosyn
the
sis
D.
Th
e p
lan
t w
ill g
row
at
a s
low
er
rate
be
ca
use
it
requ
ire
s m
ore
wa
ter.
32
78
. M
ike
ha
s fo
ur
aqu
atic p
lan
ts o
f th
e s
am
e s
ize
an
d th
e s
am
e s
pe
cie
s.
He s
ubm
erg
es th
e p
lan
ts in
a s
epa
rate
bea
ke
r fille
d w
ith
20
0 m
l of
wa
ter.
H
e t
he
n s
ets
ea
ch b
ea
ke
r u
nd
er
a d
iffe
ren
t in
ten
sity o
f
ligh
t.
Mik
e o
bse
rve
s t
ha
t, o
f th
e fo
ur
pla
nts
, th
e p
lan
t in
th
e b
ea
ke
r un
de
r th
e m
ost
inte
nse
lig
ht
giv
es
off
th
e m
ost ga
s b
ub
ble
s in
a 2
0 m
inu
te p
eriod
.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing s
tate
men
ts b
est e
xp
lain
s M
ike
’s o
bse
rva
tio
ns?
A.
Ce
lls d
ecom
po
se
mo
st
qu
ickly
un
de
r th
e m
ost in
ten
se
lig
ht.
B.
Wate
r e
va
po
rate
s fro
m p
lan
ts fa
ste
r u
nd
er
the
mo
st in
ten
se
lig
ht.
C.
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
occu
rs a
t th
e h
igh
est
rate
un
de
r th
e m
ost
inte
nse lig
ht.
D.
Ga
se
s in
th
e lea
ve
s o
f p
lan
ts e
xp
an
d m
ost
und
er
the
mo
st in
tense
lig
ht
79
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g a
re t
he r
ea
cta
nts
of
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
?
A.
wa
ter
and
glu
co
se
B.
glu
co
se
and
ca
rbo
n d
ioxid
e
C.
ca
rbon
dio
xid
e a
nd w
ate
r
D.
oxyge
n a
nd w
ate
r
80
. W
hic
h p
roce
ss t
ake
s p
lace
in
th
e p
resence
of
oxyge
n a
nd
pro
du
ce
s n
ea
rly 2
0 t
ime
s a
s m
uch
as
AT
P a
s g
lyco
lysis
alo
ne
?
A.
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
B.
la
ctic a
cid
fe
rmen
tatio
n
C.
ae
rob
ic r
esp
ira
tion
D.
alc
oho
lic f
erm
en
tatio
n
81
. If
a p
lan
t d
ied
fro
m la
ck o
f fo
od
, w
hic
h s
tru
ctu
re is m
ost
like
ly m
issin
g o
r d
am
age
d?
A.
flo
we
r
B.
ro
ot
C.
ste
m
D.
le
ave
s
33
82
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g s
tru
ctu
res
is w
he
re p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
occu
rs in
the
ce
ll be
low
?
A.
nu
cle
us
B.
ch
loro
pla
st
C.
mito
ch
on
dria
D.
end
op
lasm
ic r
eticu
lum
SC
.91
2.1
8.8
C
ell
ula
r R
es
pir
ati
on
83
. T
wo
diffe
ren
t sp
ecie
s o
f b
acte
ria
are
exa
min
ed
. S
cie
ntists
fin
d th
at
sp
ecie
s X
alw
ays p
rod
uce
s
CO
2a
nd
H2O
du
rin
g c
ellu
lar
resp
ira
tio
n.
Sp
ecie
s Y
alw
ays p
rod
uces e
thyl a
lco
ho
l a
nd
CO
2. W
hic
h
co
nclu
sio
n c
an b
e m
ade
fro
m t
he
se
ob
se
rva
tio
ns?
A.
On
ly s
pe
cie
s Y
is a
ero
bic
.
B.
On
ly s
pe
cie
s Y
is a
na
ero
bic
.
C.
Bo
th s
pe
cie
s X
an
d Y
are
ae
rob
ic.
D.
Bo
th s
pe
cie
s X
an
d Y
are
an
ae
rob
ic.
34
84
.A
we
igh
tlifte
r is
usin
g h
ea
vy w
eig
hts
in
sh
ort
bu
rsts
fo
r a
com
petitio
n.
Be
cau
se
his
mu
scle
ce
lls
are
not
ab
le to
ta
ke
in
en
ou
gh
oxyge
n t
o m
ake
ve
ry m
uch
AT
P th
e w
eig
htlifte
r b
egin
s t
o g
et fa
tigu
e in
his
mu
scle
s. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing p
roce
sse
s is m
ost lik
ely
go
ing o
n in
the
mu
scle
s o
f th
e w
eig
htlifte
r
as h
e c
om
pete
s in h
is e
ve
nt?
A.
As th
e c
ells
ru
n o
ut of
oxyge
n t
he
y s
witch
to
ana
ero
bic
re
sp
ira
tion,
wh
ich
allo
ws t
he
ce
ll to
m
ake s
ma
ll am
oun
ts o
f A
TP
in t
he a
bse
nce
of
oxyge
n.
B.
As th
e c
ells
ru
n o
ut of
oxyge
n,
the
y d
ie o
ff g
rad
ua
lly a
nd
the
we
igh
tlifte
r's m
uscle
s h
ave
fe
we
r co
ntr
actin
g m
uscle
ce
lls.
C.
The
ce
lls w
ill n
eve
r ru
n o
ut
of
oxyge
n if
the w
eig
htlifte
r is
bre
ath
ing.
D.
As t
he
ce
lls r
un
out of
oxyge
n,
the
y w
ill c
on
tin
ue
to m
ake
th
e s
am
e a
mo
un
t of
AT
P, sin
ce
o
xyge
n is n
ot
requ
ire
d to
ma
ke
AT
P.
85
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g s
tru
ctu
res
is w
he
re c
ellu
lar
resp
iratio
n o
ccu
rs in
the
ce
ll be
low
?
A.
nu
cle
us
B.
cyto
pla
sm
C.
mito
ch
on
dria
D.
va
cu
ole
s
35
SC
.91
2.1
8.1
0 A
TP
86
.W
hat fu
nctio
n d
oes
AT
P c
arr
y o
ut
in liv
ing t
hin
gs?
A.
aid
s in
pro
tein
fo
ldin
g a
nd
co
ilin
g
B.
used
to
cap
ture
and t
ran
sfe
r e
ne
rgy
C.
ide
ntifie
s D
NA
sta
rt s
equ
en
ce
s fo
r tr
an
scrip
tio
n
D.
he
lps m
ain
tain
the
flu
idity o
f ce
ll m
em
bra
ne
s
87
. W
hic
h p
roce
ss d
o a
nim
als
use t
o c
on
ve
rt e
ne
rgy f
rom
foo
d in
to A
TP
?
A.
ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tio
n
B.
osm
osis
C.
pho
tosyn
the
sis
D.
tra
nscrip
tion
SC
.N.1
.1.1
P
rac
tic
e o
f S
cie
nce
88
. C
arm
en
con
du
cte
d a
n e
xp
erim
en
t to
de
term
ine if
liste
nin
g to
diffe
ren
t ty
pe
s o
f m
usic
wo
uld
aff
ect
a p
ers
on
’s p
uls
e.
He
r h
yp
oth
esis
wa
s t
hat
puls
e r
ate
wo
uld
ch
an
ge
with
diffe
ren
t ty
pe
s o
f m
usic
. E
ach
pe
rso
n lis
tene
d to
se
ve
n d
iffe
rent
se
lectio
ns o
f m
usic
fo
r 3
0 s
eco
nd
s e
ach
. E
ach p
ers
on
’s p
uls
e
wa
s t
ake
n b
efo
re t
he
mu
sic
an
d th
en
aft
er
ea
ch
30
-se
con
d inte
rva
l of
mu
sic
. T
he
pu
lse
s w
ere
ta
ke
n
aga
in a
fte
r th
e m
usic
se
lectio
ns w
ere
co
mp
lete
d.
Ba
sed
on
he
r e
xp
erim
en
t, C
arm
en
con
clu
de
d th
at
a
pe
rso
n’s
pu
lse
rate
cha
nge
d w
he
n th
e p
ers
on
lis
tene
d to
diffe
rent
typ
es o
f m
usic
.
Whic
h c
om
pon
ent
is m
issin
g f
rom
Ca
rme
n’s
exp
erim
en
t?
A.
a q
ue
stio
n
B.
a h
yp
oth
esis
C.
a c
on
tro
l gro
up
D.
a d
escrip
tio
n o
f th
e e
xp
erim
en
t
36
To
pic
s:
Wa
ter,
Mac
rom
ole
cu
les
, E
nzym
es
, P
ho
tos
yn
the
sis
, C
ell
ula
r R
es
pir
ati
on
, a
nd
Na
ture
of
Scie
nce
Pra
cti
ce
Tes
t
ST
UD
EN
T:
TE
AC
HE
R:
#T
op
icM
y A
nsw
er
Co
rre
ct
Ad
dit
ion
al
Help
Need
ed
39
Wate
r
40
Wate
r
41
Wate
r
42
Wate
r
43
Wate
r
44
Wate
r
45
Wate
r
46
Wate
r
47
Wate
r
48
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
49
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
50
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
51
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
52
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
53
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
54
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
55
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
56
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
57
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
58
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
59
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
60
Ma
cro
mo
lecu
les
61
En
zym
es
62
En
zym
es
63
En
zym
es
64
En
zym
es
65
En
zym
es
66
En
zym
es
67
En
zym
es
68
En
zym
es
69
En
zym
es
70
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
& C
ellu
lar
Re
sp
ira
tion
71
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
& C
ellu
lar
Re
sp
ira
tion
72
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
& C
ellu
lar
Re
sp
ira
tion
73
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
& C
ellu
lar
Re
sp
ira
tion
74
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
& C
ellu
lar
Re
sp
ira
tion
75
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
& C
ellu
lar
Re
sp
ira
tion
76
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
77
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
78
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
79
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
37
38
#T
op
icM
y A
nsw
er
Co
rre
ct
Ad
dit
ion
al
Help
Need
ed
80
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
81
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
82
Ph
oto
syn
the
sis
83
Ce
llula
r R
esp
ira
tio
n
84
Ce
llula
r R
esp
ira
tio
n
85
Ce
llula
r R
esp
ira
tio
n
86
AT
P
87
AT
P
88
Na
ture
of
Scie
nce
39
EO
C R
evie
w
Cla
ssif
icati
on
an
d P
lan
ts
Ben
ch
mark
s:
SC
.912.L
.15.6
Dis
cuss d
isting
uis
hin
g c
hara
cte
ristics o
f th
e d
om
ain
s a
nd k
ing
dom
s o
f liv
ing
org
anis
ms
SC
.9.1
2.L
.18.1
5.4
Describe h
ow
and w
hy o
rganis
ms a
re h
iera
rchic
ally
cla
ssifie
d a
nd b
ased o
n
evolu
tionary
rela
tionship
s
SC
.912.L
.1.1
5.5
Expla
in t
he r
easons for
chang
es in h
ow
org
anis
ms a
re c
lassifie
d
SC
.912.L
.14.7
Rela
te t
he s
tructu
re o
f each o
f th
e m
ajo
r pla
nt org
ans a
nd tis
sues t
o p
hysio
log
ical
pro
cesses.
Su
mm
ary
:
Yo
u n
eed
to
kn
ow
th
e f
oll
ow
ing
:
The d
isting
uis
hin
g c
hara
cte
ristics o
f th
e d
om
ain
s a
nd k
ing
dom
s o
f liv
ing
org
anis
ms.
How
org
anis
ms a
re c
lassifie
d b
ased o
n e
volu
tionary
rela
tionship
s.
To e
xpla
in t
he r
easons for
chang
es in h
ow
org
anis
ms a
re c
lassifie
d.
How
the s
tructu
res o
f pla
nt tissues a
nd o
rgans a
re d
irectly r
ela
ted t
o their r
ole
s in p
hysio
log
ical
pro
cesses.
oP
lant
org
ans a
re lim
ited to r
oots
, ste
ms,
leaves, flow
ers
, fr
uit a
nd c
ones.
oP
hysio
log
ical pro
cesses a
relim
ited t
o p
hoto
synth
esis
, cellu
lar
respiration, tr
anspiration, and
repro
duction.
oP
lant
tissues a
re lim
ited to m
eriste
matic, gro
und, derm
al and v
ascula
r tissues.
oP
lant
str
uctu
res a
re lim
ited t
o c
am
biu
m, g
uard
cells
, phlo
em
, seed,
sto
mata
and x
yle
m.
Ad
dit
ion
al
Su
pp
ort
Holt M
cD
oug
al B
iolo
gy Inte
ractive R
eader:
oC
hapte
r 17,
Section 1
7.1
, 17.2
, 17.4
oC
hapte
r 18,
Section 1
8.4
, 18.5
oC
hapte
r 19,
Section 1
9.1
oC
hapte
r 20,
Section 2
0.1
, 20.2
, 20.3
oC
hapte
r 21,
Section 2
1.1
, 21.2
(tr
anspiration),
21.3
, 21.4
(g
uard
cells
)
oC
hapte
r 22,
Section 2
2.2
Everg
lades B
iolo
gy E
nd-O
f-C
ours
e R
evie
w
oP
ag
es 1
61-1
72,
174-1
82
Web S
ite
oh
ttp
://w
ww
.ecsd
-fl.sch
oo
lloop
.co
m/B
iolo
gyE
OC
Re
vie
wo
htt
p:/
/fca
t.fldo
e.o
rg/e
oc/
40
SC
.91
2.L
.15
.6:
Cla
ss
ific
ati
on
89
.B
ased
up
on
the
info
rmatio
n s
ho
wn
in
the c
lad
ogra
m b
elo
w,
wh
ich
tra
it w
ou
ld m
ost lik
ely
be
o
bse
rve
d in
ra
y-f
inn
ed f
ish?
A.
am
nio
tic e
gg
B.
bo
ny s
ke
leto
n
C
.fo
ur
limb
s
D.
ha
ir
90
.M
ush
room
s a
re a
typ
e o
f fu
ngu
s.
What
ch
ara
cte
ristic o
f fu
ngi m
ake
s th
em
diffe
ren
t fr
om
pla
nts
?
A.
Fun
ga
l ce
lls a
re e
uka
ryo
tic.
B.
Fun
gi a
re m
ultic
ellu
lar.
C
. F
un
gi a
re h
ete
rotr
op
hic
. D
. F
un
gi h
ave
ce
ll w
alls
.
91
.T
he
Flo
rida
Pan
the
r w
as o
nce
con
sid
ere
d t
o b
e a
sub
sp
ecie
s o
f co
uga
rs a
nd
giv
en
a s
pe
cia
l tr
ino
mia
l ta
xo
nom
y o
f P
um
a c
on
co
lor
co
ryi.
Cu
rre
nt
scie
ntists
ho
we
ve
r, h
ave
stu
die
d th
e F
lorid
a
Pa
nth
er
an
d r
em
ove
d th
e s
ub
sp
iece
s c
lassific
atio
n to
on
ly P
um
a c
onco
lor.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing
wo
uld
mo
st
lik
ely
exp
lain
wh
y t
he
cla
ssific
atio
n o
f th
e F
lorid
a P
an
the
r ch
an
ged
.
A.
Ne
w g
en
etic e
vid
en
ce
su
gge
sts
a m
uch
clo
ser
rela
tio
nsh
ip b
etw
ee
n th
e F
lorida
Pan
the
r a
nd
oth
er
co
uga
rs.
B.
Sh
are
d f
ea
ture
s b
etw
ee
n th
e F
lorid
a P
an
the
r a
nd
oth
er
co
uga
rs w
ere
als
o fo
un
d in n
ew
ly
dis
co
ve
red
org
an
ism
s in
the
wo
rld
.
C.
Ad
va
nce
d te
chn
olo
gie
s h
ave
sh
ow
n a
la
rge
diffe
ren
ce
in
ce
ll str
uctu
re b
etw
ee
n t
he
Flo
rida
P
an
the
r an
d o
the
r co
uga
rs.
D.
Trin
om
ial na
min
g c
on
ve
ntion
s a
re n
o lo
nge
r use
d b
y lo
nge
r u
se
d b
y s
cie
ntists
be
ca
use
o
nly
th
e g
en
us a
nd
spe
cie
s a
re im
po
rta
nt
in ta
xo
no
my.
41
92
.In
19
90
, C
arl W
oese
in
tro
du
ced
the
th
ree d
om
ain
syste
m fo
r cla
ssifyin
g liv
ing t
hin
gs,
aft
er
the
ad
va
ncem
ent
of
DN
A a
na
lysis
allo
we
dfo
r a
co
mpa
riso
n o
f spe
cie
s g
en
etic c
ode
. W
hic
h o
f th
e
follo
win
g is t
he
be
st e
xp
lan
atio
n fo
r w
hy d
om
ain
s w
ere
add
ed
to
the
pre
vio
us s
yste
m o
f cla
ssific
atio
n?
A.
The
old
syste
m o
f cla
ssific
atio
n w
as w
ron
g a
nd
ne
ede
d to
be
co
rre
cte
d.
B.
Ne
w s
pe
cie
s a
re e
vo
lvin
g t
oo
qu
ickly
to
ke
ep
up
with
th
e o
ld s
yste
m o
f cla
ssific
ation
.
C.
Do
ma
ins h
ave
alw
ays b
een
in
clu
de
d, th
ey w
ere
ju
st m
ade
off
icia
l re
ce
ntly.
D.
So
me
org
an
ism
s,
wh
ich
we
re p
revio
usly
ch
ara
cte
rize
d t
oge
the
r, w
ere
dete
rmin
ed
to
be
ge
ne
tica
lly v
ery
diffe
ren
t.
93
.M
an
y p
rotists
are
sin
gle
-ce
lled
org
an
ism
s,
as a
re b
acte
ria
. H
ow
eve
r, p
rotists
and
bacte
ria
are
in
diffe
rent
bio
logic
al kin
gd
om
s.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing c
om
pa
riso
ns o
f p
rotists
an
d b
acte
ria
is N
OT
tr
ue
?
A.
Bo
th p
rotists
and
ba
cte
ria
ca
n b
e m
otile
.
B.
Bo
th p
rotists
and
ba
cte
ria
are
mic
roo
rga
nis
ms.
C.
Pro
tists
an
d b
acte
ria m
ay b
e p
ho
tosyn
the
tic
D.
Pro
tists
are
pro
ka
ryo
tes,
wh
ile b
acte
ria
are
eu
ka
ryo
tes.
SC
.91
2.L
.14
.7:
PL
AN
TS
94
.T
err
estr
ial p
lants
ha
ve
sto
ma
ta o
n th
e s
urf
ace
of
the
ir le
ave
s.
Sto
mata
are
su
rro
un
de
d b
y t
wo
gu
ard
ce
lls t
ha
t cha
nge
sh
ap
e in r
espo
nse t
o e
nviro
nm
en
tal
facto
rs a
nd
ope
n o
r clo
se
the
sto
ma.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing b
est e
xp
lain
s h
ow
th
e s
tru
ctu
re o
f th
e leaf
is u
se
d in
pro
ce
sse
s th
at o
ccu
r in
p
lan
ts?
A. W
ate
r e
nte
rs t
he p
lan
t th
rou
gh
the
su
rfa
ce
of
the
leaf
for
tra
nsp
ira
tio
n
B.
Ga
se
s f
or
pho
tosyn
the
sis
are
exch
an
ge
d th
rou
gh
the
su
rfa
ce
of
the
leaf.
C.
En
erg
y f
or
ce
llula
r re
pro
du
ctio
n is a
bso
rbed
th
rou
gh
the
su
rfa
ce
of
the
leaf.
D.
Ca
rbo
n d
ioxid
e e
nte
rs t
he
pla
nt th
rou
gh
the
su
rfa
ce
of
the
le
af fo
r ce
llula
r re
pro
du
ctio
n.
42
95
.P
lan
t ce
lls t
ha
t a
re s
pe
cia
lize
d f
or
ce
ll d
ivis
ion
are
mo
st
like
ly f
oun
d in
wh
at p
art
of
the
pla
nt?
A.
roo
t tip
s
B.
leaf
ep
ide
rmis
C.
ste
m e
pid
erm
is
D.
va
scu
lar
tissu
e
96
.If
th
e x
yle
m o
f a y
ou
ng t
ree is d
am
aged
, w
hic
h p
roce
ss is f
irst
aff
ecte
d?
A.
pe
rfo
rmin
g p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
B.
tra
nsp
ort
ing s
uga
r to
the
ro
ots
C.
tra
nspo
rtin
g c
arb
on
dio
xid
eto
th
e lea
ve
s
D.
ab
so
rbin
g w
ate
r fr
om
th
e s
oil
97
.A
pla
nt
sp
ecie
s liv
es in
an
are
a w
ith
lim
ite
dsun
ligh
t. W
hic
h p
hysio
logic
al a
da
pta
tion
wo
uld
be
m
ost u
sefu
l to
the
pla
nt?
A.
co
lorf
ul flo
we
rs
B.
larg
e le
ave
s
C.
de
ep
ro
ots
D.
thin
cu
ticle
98
.W
hat
is th
e m
ain
fu
nction
of
lea
ve
s?
A.
Lea
ve
s p
rovid
e s
upp
ort
fo
r gro
wth
and
a p
lace
to s
tore
fo
od
.
B.
Lea
ve
s p
rovid
e a
pla
ce
fo
r p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
to
occu
r.
C.
Le
ave
s a
bso
rb w
ate
r a
nd
min
era
ls a
nd
tra
nsp
ort
nu
trie
nts
to t
he
ste
m.
D.
Le
ave
s c
reate
a b
arr
ier
tha
t p
reve
nts
wa
ter
in t
he
pla
nt's t
issue
s f
rom
eva
po
ratin
g.
99
.T
he
ca
mb
ium
is a
se
ctio
n o
f ce
lls in
a p
lan
t th
at
ca
n b
ecom
e e
ith
er
pa
rt o
f th
e x
yle
m o
r p
hlo
em
, d
epe
nd
ing o
n th
e g
row
th a
nd
ne
ed
s o
f th
e p
lan
t. If
the
cam
biu
m o
f a
pa
rtic
ula
r p
lan
t w
as d
am
age
d,
wh
at
wo
uld
be
the
mo
st
like
ly e
ffe
ct
on
th
e p
lan
t?
A. T
he p
lan
t w
ou
ld lo
se
its
ab
ility
to
ca
rry o
ut
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
.
B.
the
pla
nt
wo
uld
ha
ve
un
co
ntr
olle
d g
row
th.
C.
The
pla
nt
wo
uld
no
t e
xp
erie
nce
an
y c
ha
nge
in
ph
ysio
log
y.
D.
The
pla
nt
wo
uld
no
t b
e a
ble
to
tra
nspo
rt n
utr
ien
ts a
nd w
ate
r.
43
10
0.
Whic
h s
tru
ctu
re in
the
le
af
con
tro
ls t
he
op
en
ing a
nd c
losin
g o
f th
e s
tom
a?
A.
cu
ticle
B.
ep
ide
rmis
C.
gu
ard
ce
ll
D.
sp
on
gy m
esop
hyll
10
1.
Whic
h s
tate
men
t d
escrib
es th
e r
ole
of flo
we
rs in
pla
nt
su
rviv
al?
A.
Flo
we
rsca
n a
bso
rb c
arb
on
dio
xid
e f
or
su
ga
r p
rodu
ctio
n.
B.
Flo
we
rs p
rod
uce o
xyge
n t
hro
ugh
ce
llula
r re
sp
ira
tio
n.
C.
Flo
we
rs c
on
tain
ce
lls t
ha
t ca
rry o
ut
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
.
D.
Flo
we
rs c
on
tain
ce
lls t
ha
t p
rodu
ce
gam
ete
s.
10
2.
Wha
t is
the
ma
in p
urp
ose
of
se
ed
s in
pla
nts
th
at h
ave
th
em
?
A. T
o p
rote
ct a
nd
dis
trib
ute
the
zygo
te.
B. T
o e
ntice a
nim
als
to e
at th
e p
lan
t.
C.
To b
e f
ert
ilize
d b
y o
the
r p
lan
ts.
D.
To s
tore
wa
ter
for
the
mo
the
r p
lant.
10
3.
Th
e d
iagra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws a
cro
ss s
ectio
n o
f a
pla
nt
leaf.
Ho
w d
oe
s t
he s
tru
ctu
re m
ark
ed
X c
on
trib
ute
to
the
su
rviv
al o
f th
e p
lan
t?
A.
It a
llow
s t
he
in
take
of
ga
se
s n
ece
ssa
ry f
or
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
.
B.
It a
llow
s t
he
in
take
of
min
era
ls n
ece
ssa
ry f
or
pla
nt
gro
wth
.
C.
It a
llow
s t
he
in
take o
f sun
ligh
t n
ece
ssa
ry f
or
AT
P p
rod
uctio
n.
D.
It a
llow
s t
he
in
take o
f su
ga
rs n
ece
ssa
ry f
or
pla
nt
rep
rodu
ctio
n.
44
10
4.
Th
e d
iagra
m b
elo
w r
ep
rese
nts
a f
low
er,
th
e r
ep
rod
uctive
str
uctu
re o
f som
e p
lan
ts.
Mo
st flo
we
rs
ha
ve
bo
th m
ale
and
fem
ale
str
uctu
res f
or
fert
iliza
tio
n a
nd
rep
rodu
ctio
n.
Whic
h s
tru
ctu
re is r
ep
rese
nte
d b
y t
he
le
tte
r A
in
the
dia
gra
m a
bo
ve
?
A.
the
sta
me
n, a
ma
le s
tru
ctu
re w
hic
h p
rod
uce
s p
olle
n
B.
the
pis
tol, a
fem
ale
str
uctu
re w
hic
h c
olle
cts
po
llen a
nd
pa
sse
s it to
the
ova
ry
C.
the
se
pa
l, a
mod
ifie
d le
af
used
fo
r p
rote
ctio
n o
f th
e f
low
er
D.
the
pe
tals
, de
co
rative
str
uctu
res w
hic
h a
ttra
ct
po
llin
ato
rs
45
10
5.
Ja
ke
con
du
cte
d a
n e
xp
erim
en
t w
ith
fo
ur
bean
pla
nts
. T
he
y w
ere
pla
ce
d n
ext
to
on
e a
noth
er
on
a s
unn
y w
ind
ow
sill
. H
e g
ave
ea
ch
pla
ntequ
al a
mo
unts
of
diffe
ren
t ty
pe
sof
wa
ter.
T
he
pla
nts
w
ere
giv
en
ta
p w
ate
r, d
istille
d w
ate
r, f
lavo
red w
ate
r, o
r ca
rbon
ate
d w
ate
r.
He
ma
de t
he f
ollo
win
g
ob
se
rva
tio
ns a
fte
r th
ree
we
eks.
PL
AN
T E
XP
ER
IME
NT
OB
SE
RV
AT
ION
S
Pla
nt
Typ
e o
f W
ate
r
Giv
en
Da
ily
Fin
al
Ob
se
rva
tio
ns
AT
ap
All
lea
ve
s h
ave
tu
rne
d b
row
n a
nd
fa
llen
off
. N
o c
han
ge
in h
eig
ht
reco
rde
d.
Pla
nt a
ppe
ars
de
ad
.
BD
istille
dP
lan
t is
3 c
en
tim
ete
rs ta
ller
at
the
en
d o
f e
xp
erim
en
t.
Le
ave
s a
re g
reen
. P
lan
t ap
pea
rs h
ea
lth
y.
CF
lavo
red
Ne
w g
ree
n le
ave
s h
ave
app
ea
red
. N
o c
ha
nge
in
he
igh
t re
co
rde
d. P
lan
t a
ppe
ars
he
alth
y.
DC
arb
on
ate
dL
ea
ve
s a
pp
ea
r ye
llow
. M
an
y le
ave
s h
ave
fa
llen
, o
the
rs
are
dro
op
ing.
Pla
nt d
oe
s n
ot
ap
pea
r h
ea
lth
y.
Ba
se
d o
n h
is r
esu
lts,
Ja
ke
con
clu
de
d th
at ta
p w
ate
r is
no
t go
od
fo
r pla
nts
. H
ow
ca
n J
ake
cha
nge
his
exp
erim
en
tal d
esig
n t
o im
pro
ve
the
va
lidity o
f h
is r
esu
lts?
A.
ca
rry o
ut
mu
ltip
le t
ria
ls,
and
in
cre
ase
th
e n
um
be
r of
pla
nts
tha
t a
re g
ive
n e
ach
typ
e o
f w
ate
r
B.
esta
blis
h a
con
tro
l gro
up
th
at
inclu
de
s d
iffe
ren
t ty
pe
s o
f p
lan
ts
C.
esta
blis
h a
no
the
r d
ep
en
den
t va
ria
ble
to
ge
ne
rate
mo
re d
ata
D.
ca
rry o
ut
mu
ltip
le t
ria
ls t
ha
t in
clu
de
fe
we
r p
lan
ts,
an
d in
cre
ase t
he
typ
es o
f w
ate
r giv
en
to
the
pla
nts
46
To
pic
s:
Cla
ss
ific
ati
on
, P
lan
ts, a
nd
Th
e N
atu
re o
f S
cie
nc
eS
am
ple
Qu
es
tio
ns
ST
UD
EN
T:
TE
AC
HE
R:
#T
op
icM
y A
nsw
er
Co
rre
ct
Ad
dit
ion
al
Help
Need
ed
89
Cla
ssific
ation
90
Cla
ssific
ation
91
Cla
ssific
ation
92
Cla
ssific
ation
93
Cla
ssific
ation
94
Pla
nts
95
Pla
nts
96
Pla
nts
97
Pla
nts
98
Pla
nts
99
Pla
nts
10
0P
lan
ts
10
1P
lan
ts
10
2P
lan
ts
10
3P
lan
ts
10
4P
lan
ts
10
5T
he
Na
ture
of
Scie
nce
47
EO
C R
evie
wE
co
log
y,
Ab
ioti
c &
Aq
uati
c F
acto
rs, In
terd
ep
en
den
ce &
Po
pu
lati
on
,C
han
ge
s in
an
Eco
syste
m,
Hu
ma
n Im
pact,
an
d C
arb
on
& W
ate
r C
ycle
Ben
ch
ma
rks:
SC
.912.L
.17.5
Ana
lyze
ho
w p
op
ula
tion s
ize is d
ete
rmin
ed b
y b
irth
s, d
eath
s, im
mig
ratio
n,
em
igra
tion a
nd lim
itin
g f
acto
rs (
bio
tic a
nd
ab
iotic)
that
dete
rmin
e c
arr
yin
g c
apacity.
SC
.912.L
.17.2
Expla
in t
he g
enera
l dis
trib
ution o
f lif
e in
aqu
atic s
yste
ms a
s a
function o
f chem
istr
y, g
eogra
ph
y,
light,
depth
, salin
ity, a
nd t
em
pera
ture
SC
.912.L
.17.4
Describe c
hanges in e
cosyste
ms r
esultin
g f
orm
seasonal vari
ation
s, clim
ate
chang
e a
nd s
uccessio
nS
C.9
12.L
.17.8
Recogn
ize t
he c
onse
que
nces o
f th
e losses o
f bio
div
ers
ity d
ue to c
ata
str
oph
ic e
ve
nts
, clim
ate
changes,
hum
an a
ctivity, a
nd t
he intr
oduction o
f in
vasiv
e,
non-n
ative s
pecie
s.
SC
.912.L
.17.9
Use a
food w
eb t
o identify
and d
istingu
ish p
rod
ucer,
consum
ers
, and d
ecom
posers
. E
xpla
in t
he p
ath
wa
y
of
energ
y t
ransfe
r th
rou
gh
trophic
le
ve
ls.
SC
.912.E
.7.1
Ana
lyze
the
movem
ent of m
atter
and e
nerg
y t
hro
ugh t
he d
iffe
rent bio
geoch
em
ical cycle
s,
inclu
din
g w
ate
r and c
arb
on.
SC
.912.L
.17.2
0 P
red
ict th
e im
pact of
indiv
idua
ls o
n e
nviro
nm
enta
l syste
ms a
nd e
xam
ine, h
ow
hum
an lifesty
les a
ffect
susta
ina
bili
tyS
C.9
12.L
.17.1
1 E
valu
ate
th
e c
osts
and b
en
efits
of
ren
ew
ab
le a
nd n
onre
ne
wab
le r
esourc
es, such a
s w
ate
r, e
nerg
y,
fossil
fuels
, w
ildlif
e, an
d f
ore
sts
SC
.912.L
.17.1
3 D
iscuss th
e n
eed f
or
ad
equ
ate
monito
ring o
f en
vironm
enta
l para
mete
rs w
hen m
akin
g p
olic
y d
ecis
ions
Su
mm
ary
:Y
ou
need
to
kn
ow
th
e f
ollo
win
g:
Ho
w to
use a
food w
eb to
identify
pro
ducers
, consum
ers
, and d
ecom
posers
.
The p
ath
wa
y o
f energ
y tra
nsfe
r th
rough tro
phic
le
ve
ls a
nd t
he r
eduction o
f ava
ilable
energ
y a
t successiv
e tro
ph
ic
levels
.
Ho
w m
atter
and e
nerg
y m
ove t
hro
ug
h th
e w
ate
r a
nd c
arb
on c
ycle
s.
Ho
w p
opu
latio
n s
ize is d
ete
rmin
ed b
y b
irth
s,
death
s, im
mig
ration,
em
igra
tio
n a
nd
lim
itin
g f
acto
rs.
Be a
ble
to u
se d
ata
abo
ut p
opu
lation d
yn
am
ics, abio
tic f
acto
rs, and b
iotic f
acto
rs to e
xpla
in a
ch
ang
e in c
arr
yin
g
capacity a
nd p
opu
latio
n s
ize in
an e
cosyste
m.
Diffe
rent ty
pes o
f org
an
ism
s e
xis
t w
ithin
aq
uatic s
yste
ms d
ue to c
hem
istr
y, g
eogra
ph
y,
light, d
epth
, sa
linity,
and/o
r te
mpera
ture
.
The p
ote
ntia
l cha
nges in a
n e
cosyste
m r
esultin
g f
rom
seasona
l varia
tio
ns, clim
ate
chan
ges a
nd/o
r succe
ssio
n.
The p
ositiv
e o
r ne
gative c
onseque
nces tha
t re
sult f
rom
a r
eduction in b
iodiv
ers
ity.
Ho
w th
e a
ctions o
f hum
ans m
ay im
pact en
viro
nm
enta
l syste
ms a
nd a
ffect susta
inabili
ty.
The c
osts
and b
enefits
of
rene
wable
and n
onre
ne
wable
resourc
es.
En
viro
nm
enta
l p
olic
y d
ecis
ions s
hou
ld b
e m
ade a
fter
adequ
ate
monitorin
g o
f en
vir
onm
enta
l p
ara
mete
rs.
Ho
w th
e e
nvironm
ent an
d p
ers
onal he
alth a
re r
ela
ted
.
Ad
dit
ion
al
Su
pp
ort
Holt M
cD
ou
ga
l B
iolo
gy I
nte
ractive
Re
ader:
oC
hapte
r 13,
Sectio
n 1
3.1
, 1
3.2
, 13.3
, 13
.4,
13.5
, 13
.6o
Chapte
r 14,
Sectio
n 1
4.1
, 1
4.2
, 14.4
, 14
.5o
Chapte
r 16,
Sectio
n 1
6.1
, 1
6.2
, 16.3
, 16
.4,
16.5
Everg
lades B
iolo
gy E
nd-O
f-C
ours
e R
evie
wo
Pag
es 2
22-2
56
Web S
ite
oh
ttp
://w
ww
.ecsd
-fl.sch
oo
lloop
.co
m/B
iolo
gyE
OC
Re
vie
wo
htt
p:/
/fca
t.fldo
e.o
rg/e
oc/
48
SC
.91
2.L
.17
.9 F
oo
d W
eb
s a
nd
En
erg
y T
ran
sfe
r
10
6. C
oyo
tes a
re o
ppo
rtu
nis
tic p
red
ato
rs t
hat
are
fo
und
th
rou
gh
ou
t m
ost of
No
rth
Am
erica
. T
he
y
typ
ica
lly f
eed
on
sm
all
mam
ma
ls,
inse
cts
, a
nd f
ruits a
nd
ve
ge
tab
les. T
he
y a
re k
no
wn
fo
r th
eir d
ieta
ry
ad
ap
tab
ility
. T
he b
est d
escrip
tio
n o
f th
eir r
ole
in
the
foo
d w
eb
wo
uld
be
:
A.
An
he
rbiv
ore
B.
A c
arn
ivo
re
C.
An
om
niv
ore
D.
A p
rim
ary
pro
du
ce
r
10
7. A
fo
od
cha
in is illu
str
ate
d b
elo
w:
The
arr
ow
s r
ep
rese
nte
d a
s
mo
st
like
ly in
dic
ate
A.
En
erg
y r
ele
ase
d f
rom
me
tab
olis
m in
to t
he
envir
on
men
t a
s h
ea
t.
B.
Oxyge
n r
ele
ase
d f
rom
me
tab
olis
m p
rod
uced
by c
ellu
lar
resp
ira
tio
n.
C.
The
ab
so
rption
of
en
erg
y f
rom
the
en
viro
nm
en
t th
at h
as b
een
cre
ate
d.
D.
The
tra
nsp
ort
of
glu
co
se
aw
ay f
rom
the
org
an
ism
th
rou
gh
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
.
10
8. If
se
ve
ral sp
ecie
s o
f ca
rniv
ore
s a
re r
em
ove
d f
rom
an e
co
syste
m,
the
mo
st
like
ly e
ffe
ct
on
th
e
eco
syste
m w
ill b
e:
A.
An
in
cre
ase
in t
he
kin
ds o
f a
uto
tro
ph
s
B.
A d
ecre
ase
in t
he
nu
mb
er
of
ab
iotic f
acto
rs
C.
A d
ecre
ase
in s
tab
ility
am
on
g p
op
ula
tion
s
D.
An
in
cre
ase
in
th
e r
ate
of
su
cce
ssio
n
49
10
9. A
po
nd
eco
syste
m is s
ho
wn
in
th
e d
iagra
m b
elo
w.
Whic
h s
tate
me
nt d
escrib
es a
n in
tera
ctio
n t
ha
t h
elp
s m
ain
tain
the
dyn
am
ic e
qu
ilib
riu
m o
f th
is
eco
syste
m?
A.
T
he
fro
gs m
ake e
ne
rgy a
va
ilab
le t
o th
is e
co
syste
m t
hro
ugh
the
pro
ce
ss o
f ph
oto
syn
the
sis
.B
. T
he
alg
ae d
ire
ctly p
rovid
e f
ood
fo
r b
oth
th
e r
otife
rs a
nd
th
e c
atf
ish
.C
. T
he g
ree
n-b
acke
d h
ero
n p
rovid
es e
ne
rgy f
or
the m
osqu
ito
la
rva
e.
D.
T
he c
atf
ish p
op
ula
tio
n h
elp
s c
on
tro
l th
e p
op
ula
tio
ns o
f w
ate
r boa
tma
n a
nd w
ate
rfle
as.
11
0. W
hy is a
mu
sh
roo
m c
on
sid
ere
d a
he
tero
tro
ph?
A.
It c
rea
tes d
iffe
rent
typ
es o
f fo
od.
B
.It
ma
ke
s fo
od
th
rou
gh
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
.C
.It
ma
ke
s fo
od
th
rou
gh
ch
em
osyn
the
sis
.
D.
It o
bta
ins n
utr
ien
ts f
rom
its
en
viro
nm
en
t.
50
11
1.
A te
am
of
eco
logis
ts o
bse
rve
d f
eed
ing p
att
ern
s o
f se
ve
ral p
opula
tio
ns in t
he d
ese
rt. T
he
en
erg
y
pyra
mid
sh
ow
n b
elo
w d
ep
icts
th
e f
ee
din
g p
atte
rns t
he
eco
logis
t o
bse
rve
d.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing b
est e
xp
lain
s t
he d
iffe
ren
ce
in
the
am
ou
nt of
ava
ilab
le e
ne
rgy in
th
e t
rop
hic
le
ve
ls o
f th
e d
ese
rt e
co
syste
m?
A. T
he
reis
le
ss e
ne
rgy a
va
ilab
le in
th
e p
rod
uce
rs b
ecau
se
th
eir t
issu
es a
re le
ss d
en
se
than
th
ose a
t h
igh
er
tro
ph
ic le
ve
ls.
B. T
he
re is m
ore
en
erg
y a
va
ilab
le in
th
e s
econ
d t
rop
hic
le
ve
l b
eca
use
le
ss e
ne
rgy is n
ee
ded
fo
r h
un
tin
g c
om
pa
red
to
the
hig
he
r tr
op
hic
le
ve
ls.
C.
The
re is m
ore
ava
ilab
le e
ne
rgy in
th
e b
ird
s o
f p
rey b
eca
use
the
y h
ave
gre
ate
r m
uscle
ma
ss
for
sto
rin
g e
ne
rgy t
ha
n o
rga
nis
ms in
lo
we
r tr
op
hic
le
ve
ls h
ave
.
D.
The
re is le
ss a
va
ilab
le e
ne
rgy in
th
e f
ou
rth t
rop
hic
le
ve
l be
ca
use
of
the
lo
ss o
f e
ne
rgy
thro
ugh
me
tab
olis
m in
ea
ch
of
the
lo
we
r tr
op
hic
le
ve
ls.
11
2.
Th
e d
iagra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws t
he
cyclin
g o
f n
utr
ien
ts in
an
eco
syste
m.
The
rem
ova
l of
wh
ich
of
the
fo
llow
ing g
rou
ps w
ou
ld c
au
se
an
im
med
iate
de
cre
ase
in t
he
am
oun
t of
en
erg
y f
low
ing t
hro
ugh
th
e s
yste
m?
A.
Pro
du
ce
rsB
. C
on
su
me
rsC
. D
eco
mp
ose
rsD
. In
org
an
ic n
utr
ien
ts
51
11
3.
A fo
od
we
b is s
ho
wn
be
low
.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing o
rga
nis
ms c
om
pe
te f
or
the
mou
se
as a
foo
d s
ou
rce
?
A.
ha
wk a
nd
sna
ke
B.
sn
ake
an
d k
ingle
t
C.
oa
k t
ree
an
d p
ine
tre
e
D.
pin
e b
ore
r an
d s
ala
man
de
r
52
11
4. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing e
ne
rgy p
yra
mid
s s
ho
ws t
he
co
rre
ct p
lace
men
t of
trop
hic
le
ve
ls?
A.
B.
C.
D.
53
11
5.
Pa
rt o
f a
de
se
rt fo
od
we
b is d
iagra
mm
ed
be
low
.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing w
ill m
os
t li
ke
lyre
su
lt if
all
of
the p
rim
ary
co
nsu
me
rs a
re r
em
ove
d f
rom
th
is
eco
syste
m?
A.
Pra
irie
ra
ttle
sna
ke
s w
ill b
eco
me
he
rbiv
ore
s.
B.
Go
lde
n e
agle
an
d k
it f
ox p
opu
latio
ns w
ill d
ecre
ase
.
C.
Sa
ge
bru
sh
gra
ssh
op
pe
rs w
ill c
on
su
me
so
il b
acte
ria
.
D.
Silk
gra
ss a
nd s
and
sa
ge
bru
sh
po
pu
lation
s w
ill d
ecre
ase
.
11
6. P
art
of
a m
ars
h fo
od
we
b is s
ho
wn
be
low
.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing s
tate
men
ts c
orr
ectly d
escrib
es o
rga
nis
ms in
th
is f
ood
we
b?
A.
The
bird
s a
re p
rod
uce
rs.
B.
The
alg
ae
are
con
sum
ers
.
C.
The
wo
rms a
re c
arn
ivo
res.
D.
The
ba
cte
ria
are
de
com
po
se
rs.
54
SC
.91
2.L
.17
.2 A
bio
tic
Aq
ua
tic
Fa
cto
rs
11
7. J
ill m
ad
e th
e t
ab
le b
elo
w d
urin
g h
er
rese
arc
h o
n a
qua
tic z
on
es a
nd liv
ing o
rga
nis
ms.
Ch
ara
cte
risti
cs o
f A
qu
ati
c Z
on
es
Inte
rtid
al
Air, su
n a
nd w
ate
r exp
osure
; cra
shin
g w
aves
Neri
tic
Wate
r depth
less tha
n 2
00 m
; lo
ts o
f sunlig
ht;
warm
wate
r
Ben
thic
Very
de
ep w
ate
r; n
o lig
ht; c
old
wate
r except n
ear
therm
al vents
th
at em
it h
eat a
nd c
hem
icals
.
Ba
se
d o
n J
ill’s
ob
se
rva
tio
ns,
wh
ich
co
nclu
sio
n c
ou
ld y
ou
dra
w?
A.
Org
an
ism
s in
th
e inte
rtid
al zo
ne
mu
st
be
ab
le t
o w
ith
sta
nd
ve
ry c
old
wa
ter.
B.
The
re a
re n
o p
roduce
rs in
the
be
nth
ic z
on
e t
ha
t re
ly o
n p
ho
tosyn
the
sis
.
C.
Org
an
ism
s in t
he
be
nth
ic z
on
e m
ust b
e a
ble
to t
ole
rate
la
rge
am
ou
nts
of
oxyge
n.
D.
Th
e w
arm
wa
ter
and
abu
nda
nt su
nlig
ht
in th
e n
ert
ic z
on
e lim
its t
he
pla
nkto
n p
op
ula
tio
n.
SC
.91
2.L
.17
.5 In
terd
ep
en
de
nc
e &
Po
pu
lati
on
11
8. C
om
petitio
n b
etw
ee
n tw
o s
pe
cie
s o
ccu
rs w
he
n:
A.
Mo
ld g
row
s o
n a
tre
e th
at h
as fa
llen
in t
he
fo
rest
B.
Ch
ipm
un
ks a
nd
squ
irre
ls e
at su
nflo
we
r se
eds in
a g
ard
en
C.
A c
row
fee
ds o
n th
e r
em
ain
s o
f a
ra
bb
it k
ille
d o
n th
e r
oa
d
D.
A lio
n s
talk
s,
kill
s a
nd
ea
ts a
n a
nte
lop
e
11
9. W
hic
h s
tate
men
t re
pre
se
nts
a c
ha
racte
ristic o
f an
eco
syste
m tha
t is
no
t lik
ely
to
su
sta
in its
elf?
A.
The
sun
pro
vid
es th
e n
ee
de
d e
ne
rgy.
B.
En
erg
y is t
ran
sfe
rre
d f
rom
pla
nts
to
an
ima
ls.
C.
Th
ere
are
mo
re c
on
su
me
rs t
ha
n p
rodu
cers
.D
. T
he
re a
re in
tera
ction
s b
etw
ee
n b
iotic a
nd
ab
iotic fa
cto
rs.
55
12
0. W
hen
an
en
viro
nm
ent
ha
s r
ea
ch
ed its
ca
rryin
g c
ap
acity f
or
a c
ert
ain
po
pu
latio
n,
wh
ich
of
the
follo
win
g is t
rue
?
A.
Gro
wth
and
im
mig
ratio
n r
ate
is e
qu
al to
dea
th a
nd e
mig
ratio
n r
ate
.
B.
Gro
wth
and
im
mig
ratio
n r
ate
is g
rea
ter
than
dea
th a
nd
em
igra
tio
n r
ate
.
C.
Gro
wth
an
d im
mig
ratio
n r
ate
is le
ss t
ha
n d
ea
th a
nd
em
igra
tio
n r
ate
.
D.
Gro
wth
ra
te is e
xp
on
en
tia
l.
12
1.
Th
e c
om
mo
n b
rush
tail
po
ssum
is a
ma
rsu
pia
l na
tive
to
Au
str
alia
. T
his
po
ssum
wa
s in
tro
du
ced
to N
ew
Ze
ala
nd
wh
ere
it
had
no
na
tura
l p
reda
tors
an
d h
ad a
n a
bu
nd
an
t fo
od
su
pp
ly. W
hic
h o
f th
ese
like
ly o
ccu
rre
d a
fe
w y
ea
rs a
fte
r th
e in
trod
uctio
n o
f th
is p
ossu
m to
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d?
A. T
he p
ossu
ms b
ecam
e e
xtin
ct.
B. T
he p
ossu
ms d
eve
lop
ed
sh
ort
er
life
spa
ns.
C.
The
po
ssum
po
pu
latio
n g
rew
to
a la
rge
r siz
e.
D.
The
po
ssum
po
pu
latio
n e
vo
lve
d in
to a
diffe
ren
t spe
cie
s.
12
2. A
nge
l w
as t
ryin
g t
o e
xp
lain
ca
rryin
g c
ap
acity t
o h
er
mo
the
r. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g d
escrip
tio
ns
isa
ccu
rate
? C
arr
yin
g c
ap
acity is:
A.
th
e m
axim
um
nu
mb
er
of
ind
ivid
ua
lsth
at a
n e
co
syste
m c
an
su
sta
in.
B.
th
ea
bili
ty o
f a
n e
nviro
nm
en
t to
acco
mm
oda
te a
gro
win
g p
op
ula
tio
n.
C.
th
e n
um
be
r of
pre
da
tors
tha
t a
n a
rea
ca
n s
usta
in o
ve
r th
e lon
g te
rm.
D.
th
e m
axim
um
num
be
r of
sp
ecie
s t
ha
t can c
o-e
xis
t in
an
are
a.
56
12
3. Y
ou
ha
ve
bee
n s
tud
yin
g p
op
ula
tio
n g
row
th o
f a
spe
cie
s o
f P
ara
me
ciu
m,
a s
ingle
ce
lled
o
rga
nis
m f
or
18
da
ys.
Yo
ur
da
ta is
sh
ow
n in
th
e g
rap
h b
elo
w.
Fo
od
wa
s o
cca
sio
na
lly a
dd
ed
to
th
e
test
tub
e in
wh
ich
th
e p
ara
me
cia
we
re g
row
n.
Acco
rdin
g t
o th
e d
iagra
m, w
ha
t is
th
e c
arr
yin
g c
ap
acity o
f th
e te
st-
tub
e e
nviro
nm
en
t a
s lon
g a
s f
oo
d
is a
dde
d?
A.
a
bou
t 10
pa
ram
ecia
B.
ab
out
50
pa
ram
ecia
C.
abo
ut 6
5 p
ara
me
cia
D.
abo
ut 1
00
pa
ram
ecia
12
4. J
en
n is s
tud
yin
g a
pop
ula
tio
n o
f fish f
oun
d in
a p
on
d t
ha
t ha
s a
de
cre
asin
g c
arr
yin
g c
ap
acity.
W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing f
acto
rs w
ou
ld n
ot
de
cre
ase
th
e c
arr
yin
g c
ap
acity o
f he
r fish
?
A.
dro
ugh
t
B.
flo
od
ing
C.
fo
od
sho
rta
ge
s
D.
a f
ree
ze
57
12
5.
An a
nim
al p
opu
latio
n d
ecre
ase
s f
rom
800
in
div
idu
als
to 6
00
indiv
idu
als
. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing
co
uld
exp
lain
th
is c
ha
nge
in
po
pu
lation
siz
e?
A.
The
po
pu
latio
n s
ize o
f th
e a
nim
al’s
pre
da
tor
incre
ased
.
B.
The
em
igra
tio
n r
ate
of
the
an
ima
ls f
rom
the
pop
ula
tio
n d
ecre
ased
.
C.
Th
e n
um
be
r of
bre
ed
ing p
airs in
th
e a
nim
al’s
po
pu
lation
in
cre
ase
d.
D.
Th
e n
um
be
r of
sp
ecie
s c
om
pe
tin
g w
ith
th
e a
nim
al fo
r fo
od
de
cre
ase
d.
12
6.M
ulle
t a
re lo
ca
l estu
arin
e f
ish
th
at m
ove in
sch
oo
ls a
nd
fe
ed o
n p
lan
kto
n a
nd
pla
nt m
att
er.
Na
tura
l p
red
ato
rs o
f th
e m
ulle
t in
clu
de
sp
otted
se
a t
rou
t, s
ha
rks,
pe
lica
ns a
nd
do
lph
ins. T
he
gra
ph
be
low
sh
ow
s h
ow
th
e n
um
be
r of
mu
llet
in a
n a
rea
ha
s c
ha
nge
d o
ve
r tim
e.
Ba
se
d o
n t
he
da
ta, o
ne
stu
de
nt
con
clu
de
s t
ha
t a
ne
w p
red
ato
r w
as in
tro
du
ce
d into
th
e a
rea
d
urin
g t
his
tim
e p
erio
d. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g is a
lik
ely
alte
rna
te e
xp
lan
atio
n fo
r th
e c
ha
nge
in
th
e
mu
llet p
op
ula
tio
n?
A. m
ulle
t p
rey in
cre
ased
in
th
e a
rea
B. m
ulle
t pa
rasites d
ecre
ase
d in
the
are
a
C.
the
te
mp
era
ture
of
the a
rea in
cre
ase
d
D.
the
am
ou
nt
of a
qu
atic p
lan
ts in
th
e a
rea
de
cre
ase
d
58
12
7. T
he p
ea
we
evil
is a
typ
e o
f in
se
ct.
The
ta
ble
be
low
sh
ow
s t
he
ave
rage
tim
e it ta
ke
s fo
r p
ea
we
evil
eg
gs t
o h
atc
h a
t d
iffe
ren
t te
mp
era
ture
s.
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
)A
ve
rag
e
Ha
tch
ing
T
ime
(da
ys
)
11
38
14
20
16
16
18
10
22
10
24
7
25
5
27
5
28
7
Ba
se
d o
n t
he
da
ta,w
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g c
on
ditio
ns w
ou
ld p
rom
ote
th
e h
igh
est
po
pu
latio
n g
row
th
rate
in
pe
a w
ee
vils
?
A.
co
ld s
prin
gs w
ith
te
mp
era
ture
s f
rom
11
°C to
16
°C
B.
mo
de
rate
sum
me
rs w
ith
te
mpe
ratu
res f
rom
25
°C t
o 2
7°C
C.
hea
t w
ave
s in
wh
ich
the
tem
pe
ratu
re is s
usta
ined
we
ll a
bo
ve
28
°C
D.
ove
rnig
ht
fro
sts
aft
er
wh
ich
th
e t
em
pe
ratu
re w
arm
s f
rom
0°C
to
11
°C
12
8. O
n r
em
ote
isla
nds,
imm
igra
tio
n a
nd
em
igra
tio
n u
sua
lly d
o n
ot h
ave
a la
rge
eff
ect o
n p
opu
latio
n
siz
es.
A b
ird
pop
ula
tion
on a
rem
ote
isla
nd
rem
ain
s a
t a
re
lative
ly c
on
sta
nt
siz
e y
ea
r a
fte
r ye
ar.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing m
os
t li
kely
de
scrib
es t
he
birth
rate
and
the
de
ath
ra
te fo
r th
is p
op
ula
tio
n?
A.
Birth
rate
an
d d
ea
th r
ate
are
bo
th z
ero
B.
Birth
rate
an
d d
ea
th r
ate
are
clo
se t
o e
qu
al.
C.
Birth
rate
is s
ign
ific
an
tly le
ss t
ha
n d
ea
th r
ate
.
D.
Birth
rate
is s
ign
ific
an
tly g
rea
ter
tha
n d
ea
th r
ate
.
59
SC
.91
2.L
.17
.4 C
ha
ng
es
in
an
Ec
os
ys
tem
12
9. C
han
ge
s in
an
eco
syste
m o
ve
r a
lon
g p
erio
d o
f tim
e a
re s
how
n in
th
e d
iagra
m b
elo
w.
The
se
ch
an
ge
s w
ill m
ost
like
ly le
ad
to
a:
A.
sta
ble
eco
syste
m th
at
ca
n la
st fo
r m
an
y y
ea
rs
B.
lo
ss o
f he
tero
tro
phs t
ha
t ca
nn
ot b
e r
eco
ve
red
C.
lo
ng-t
erm
ris
e in e
nvir
on
men
tal te
mp
era
ture
s
D.
fo
rest co
nsis
tin
g o
f o
nly
pro
du
ce
rs a
nd d
eco
mpo
se
rs
13
0.
Th
e d
iagra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws h
ow
an
are
a p
rogre
sse
s o
ve
r tim
e a
fte
r a f
ore
st fire
.
What p
roce
ss is illu
str
ate
d b
y t
he
dia
gra
m in b
oxe
s 4
-8 a
fte
r th
e fo
rest fire
?
A.
pio
nee
r sp
ecia
tio
nB
. p
rim
ary
su
cce
ssio
nC
. s
econ
da
ry s
ucce
ssio
nD
. e
co
syste
m b
ou
nd
arie
s
60
13
1. A
bio
logis
tcom
pa
res h
ow
diffe
ren
t e
cosyste
ms u
nd
erg
o s
ucce
ssio
n. S
he
div
ide
s t
he
se
rie
s o
f e
ve
nts
tha
t ha
ppe
n d
urin
g p
rim
ary
an
d s
eco
nd
ary
su
cce
ssio
n into
thre
e d
iffe
ren
t sta
ge
s. W
hic
h
fea
ture
mig
ht
be u
sed
to
dis
tin
gu
ish
se
co
nd
ary
su
cce
ssio
n f
rom
prim
ary
su
cce
ssio
n?
A.
th
e la
ck o
f p
ione
er
sp
ecie
s in t
he s
econ
d s
tage
B.
th
e p
rese
nce
of
pio
ne
er
spe
cie
s in t
he
fin
al sta
ge
C.
th
e p
resen
ce
of
tree
s a
nd
la
rge
pla
nts
in th
e f
ina
l sta
ge
D.
th
e p
resen
ce
of
so
il a
nd o
rga
nic
ma
tte
r in
th
e f
irst
sta
ge
.
13
2. A
fte
r a
vo
lca
no
eru
pts
an
d d
estr
oys a
n e
co
syste
m, a
fe
w o
rga
nis
ms a
re a
ble
to b
egin
gro
win
g
from
th
e d
eca
yin
g o
rga
nic
matt
er
left
be
hin
d.
What do
we
ca
ll th
ose
first
org
an
ism
s th
at a
re a
ble
to
gro
w in
little
or
no
so
il th
at firs
t a
ppe
ar?
A.
ad
apto
rsB
. p
ion
ee
r sp
ecie
sC
. n
on
-va
scu
lar
pla
nts
D.
de
co
mp
ose
rs
SC
.91
2.L
.17
.20
: H
um
an
Im
pa
ct
13
3. O
ne
wa
y t
ha
t hum
an
s c
ou
ld h
ave
a p
ositiv
e im
pa
ct
on
lo
ca
l en
viro
nm
en
ts is to
:
A.
ge
ne
rate
wa
ste
pro
du
cts
as a
re
su
lt o
f te
ch
nolo
gic
al a
dva
nce
sB
.u
se
re
sou
rce
s th
at a
re r
en
ew
ab
leC
.in
cre
ase
pla
ntin
g la
rge
are
as o
f on
e c
rop
D.
incre
ase
th
e u
se
of
pesticid
es
13
4. E
nviro
nm
en
talis
ts a
re h
op
ing t
o p
rote
ct e
nda
nge
red
org
an
ism
s b
y c
alli
ng f
or
a r
ed
uctio
n in
th
e
use
of
pe
sticid
es, b
ecau
se
lo
ss o
f th
ese
org
an
ism
s w
ou
ld:
A.
incre
ase
th
e m
uta
tion
ra
te in p
lants
B.
ca
use
pe
sticid
es t
o b
eco
me m
ore
to
xic
to
in
se
cts
C.
red
uce
bio
div
ers
ity in
va
rio
us e
co
syste
ms
D.
de
cre
ase
the
spa
ce
and
re
so
urc
es a
va
ilab
le to
oth
er
org
an
ism
s
13
5. A
fte
r th
e A
sw
an
Hig
h D
am
wa
s b
uilt
on t
he
Nile
Riv
er,
th
e r
ate
of
pa
rasitic
wo
rmin
fection
dou
ble
d in
the
hum
an
po
pu
latio
n n
ea
r th
e d
am
. A
s a
re
su
lt o
f bu
ildin
g t
he d
am
, th
e f
low
of
the
Nile
ch
an
ge
d. T
his
ch
an
ge
d th
e h
ab
ita
t, w
hic
h r
esu
lte
d in a
n in
cre
ase
in
its
po
pu
latio
n o
f a
ce
rta
in
aqu
atic s
na
il. T
he
sn
ails
, w
hic
h w
ere
in
fecte
d, re
lea
sed
la
rva
e o
f th
e w
orm
. T
he
se
la
rva
e the
n
infe
cte
d h
um
an
s.T
his
situ
ation
be
st
illu
str
ate
s t
ha
t:
A.
the
influ
en
ce
of
hu
ma
ns o
n a
na
tura
l syste
m is a
lwa
ys n
ega
tive
in
the
lo
ng t
erm
B.
the
influ
en
ce
of
hu
ma
ns o
n a
na
tura
l syste
m c
an
ha
ve
un
pre
dic
tab
le n
ega
tive
im
pa
cts
C.
hu
ma
n a
lte
ratio
n o
f an
eco
syste
m d
oe
s n
ot
ne
ed
to
be
stu
die
d t
o a
vo
id e
co
logic
al d
isa
ste
rD
.h
um
an
alte
ratio
n o
f an
eco
syste
m w
ill c
au
se
po
llutio
n a
nd lo
ss o
f fin
ite
reso
urc
es
61
13
6. O
ne
wa
y h
um
ans c
an
pro
mo
teth
e s
urv
iva
l o
f o
rga
nis
ms in
an
eco
syste
m is to
:
A.
de
cre
ase
div
ers
ity in
pla
nt h
ab
ita
tsB
. in
trod
uce
ne
w c
on
sum
ers
to
con
tro
l auto
tro
ph
sC
. r
ele
ase e
xtr
a C
O2
into
th
e a
tmo
sp
he
re t
o h
elp
auto
trop
hs
D.
le
arn
ab
ou
t th
e in
tera
ction
s o
f po
pu
latio
n
13
7. S
om
e p
eo
ple
see
the
be
nefit
of
win
d e
ne
rgy a
s a
cle
an
alte
rna
tive
to
fo
ssil
fue
ls fo
r e
ne
rgy
pro
du
ctio
n. O
the
rs b
elie
ve
it
is d
an
ge
rou
s f
or
mig
rato
ry b
ird
s.
The
se
op
inio
ns b
est
illu
str
ate
th
at
de
cis
ion
s a
bou
t a
lte
rna
te e
ne
rgy s
ou
rce
s:
A.
will
usu
ally
fa
vo
r o
lde
r m
eth
od
s o
f e
ne
rgy p
rod
uction
ove
r n
ew
er
meth
od
sB
.m
ust b
e m
ad
e b
y w
eig
hin
g t
he
ris
ks a
nd
co
sts
aga
inst
the
be
nefits
C.
mu
st b
e m
ad
e b
y t
akin
g in
to a
ccou
nt th
e p
rese
nt n
eed
s o
f th
e c
itiz
en
s w
ith
ou
t lo
okin
g t
ow
ard
th
e fu
ture
D.
sh
ou
ld b
e th
e r
espo
nsib
ility
of
ea
ch
ind
ivid
ua
l
13
8. A
bu
ilde
r is
pro
po
sin
g a
ne
w h
ou
sin
g d
eve
lop
men
t in
an a
rea o
f w
este
rn M
assa
ch
use
tts.
Co
nstr
uction
of
the
hou
sin
g d
eve
lopm
en
t w
ill d
estr
oy t
he w
etla
nd
ha
bita
t in
th
ea
rea
.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing w
ou
ld b
e t
he
mo
st
like
lyco
nse
qu
en
ce
of
the
we
tla
nd
’s d
estr
uction?
A.
The
we
tla
nd
pla
nt
specie
s w
ou
ld d
isp
ers
e to
ad
jacen
t m
ea
do
w h
ab
ita
ts.
B.
The
po
pu
latio
ns o
f w
etla
nd
an
ima
ls w
ou
ld b
e u
nab
le t
o s
urv
ive
in
th
at
are
a.
C.
The
we
tla
nd
an
ima
l spe
cie
s w
ou
ld s
urv
ive
by in
terb
ree
din
g w
ith
no
n-w
etla
nd
sp
ecie
s.
D.
The
po
pu
latio
ns o
f w
etla
nd
pla
nts
wo
uld
evo
lve
to
dis
pe
rse s
eed
s b
y w
ind
ra
the
r th
an w
ate
r.
13
9. N
ew
fu
els
are
be
ing p
rod
uce
d b
y c
on
ve
rtin
g c
orn
and
gra
sse
s in
toco
mp
oun
ds c
on
tain
ing
alc
oh
ols
th
at ca
n b
e b
roke
n d
ow
n f
or
en
erg
y in
va
rio
us e
ngin
es. T
he p
urp
ose
of
this
re
se
arc
h is t
o
A.
redu
ce
th
e u
se
of
no
nre
ne
wa
ble
re
so
urc
es.
B.
incre
ase
th
e r
ate
of a
ir p
ollu
tion
.
C.
red
uce t
he
ra
te o
f ho
meo
sta
sis
in
org
an
ism
s.
D.
ca
use a
lo
ss o
f b
iodiv
ers
ity in
th
e r
ain
fo
rests
.
62
14
0.
Th
e p
rese
nce
of
wa
ste
s,
su
ch
as p
lastic b
ags a
nd
mo
tor
oil,
in
la
ke
s a
nd
str
ea
ms m
iles a
wa
y
from
de
ve
lop
ed
are
as s
ugge
sts
th
at:
A.
eco
syste
ms a
re in
terc
on
ne
cte
d a
nd
hu
ma
n a
ctio
n c
an a
lte
r e
co
syste
m e
qu
ilib
riu
m.
B.
recyclin
g p
rogra
ms h
ave
fa
iled
to
co
nse
rve
bio
tic r
eso
urc
es.
C.
na
tura
l p
roce
sse
s c
an
alte
r e
co
syste
m s
tab
ility
.
D.
dire
ct
ha
rve
stin
g p
ractice
s h
ave
le
d to
irr
eve
rsib
le d
estr
uctio
n o
f e
co
syste
ms.
14
1. D
DT
and
oth
er
pe
sticid
es u
se
d o
ve
r 5
0 y
ea
rs a
go
are
still
aff
ectin
g t
he
en
viro
nm
en
t to
da
y.
Scie
ntists
ha
ve
fou
nd th
ese
su
bsta
nce
s in
re
ce
nt
gla
cie
r ru
noff
. G
lacie
r ru
noff
occu
rs d
urin
g t
he
su
mm
er,
wh
en
pre
cip
ita
tio
n th
at
ha
s f
alle
n o
n g
lacie
rs d
urin
g t
he
win
ter
is r
ele
ased
. Ic
e la
ye
rs f
rom
exis
tin
g g
lacie
rs h
ave
be
en
ana
lyze
d.
The
resu
lts o
f th
is a
na
lysis
sh
ow
th
at
the
con
ce
ntr
atio
ns o
f
DD
T a
nd
oth
er
pe
sticid
es w
ere
hig
he
st
ab
out 1
0 y
ea
rs a
fte
r th
e u
se
of
the
se
su
bsta
nce
s w
as
ba
nn
ed
.
Th
is info
rma
tion
sho
ws t
ha
t:
A.
DD
T a
nd
oth
er
pe
sticid
es c
au
se
gla
cie
r ru
noff
du
rin
g t
he
su
mm
er.
B.
it ta
ke
s h
um
an
s o
ve
r 5
0 y
ea
rs t
o a
na
lyze
a g
lacie
r.
C.
pre
cip
ita
tio
n h
elp
s to
bre
ak d
ow
n p
esticid
es.
D.
the
de
cis
ion o
f o
ne
hu
ma
n g
en
era
tion
ma
y h
ave
an im
pa
ct o
n fu
ture
ge
ne
ratio
ns.
14
2. W
hen
fe
rtili
ze
rs r
un
off
fa
rmla
nd
in
to s
tre
am
s a
nd
po
nd
s,
the
nitro
ge
n c
on
ten
t of
the w
ate
r in
cre
ase
s. T
his
ca
n le
ad
to
rap
id g
row
th o
f a
lga
e.
Ho
w c
an
th
is p
rocess a
ffe
ct
oth
er
org
an
ism
s in
th
e
wa
ter?
A.
Oxyge
n is u
se
d u
p a
s a
lga
e is d
ecom
po
sed
, re
du
cin
g t
he a
mo
un
t a
va
ilab
le t
o o
the
r o
rga
nis
ms.
B. T
he w
ate
r b
ecom
es b
ette
r a
ble
to s
upp
ort
ae
rob
ic o
rga
nis
ms.
C.
The
alg
ae p
rovid
e fo
od
fo
r fishe
s a
nd
oth
er
org
an
ism
s,
lea
din
g t
o d
ecre
ase
d a
lga
e
po
pu
latio
ns.
D.
The
extr
a n
itro
gen
pro
vid
es a
dd
itio
na
l fo
od f
or
the
oth
er
org
an
ism
s,
incre
asin
g t
he
ir
po
pu
latio
n.
63
14
3. W
ha
ling w
as a
ve
ry p
rofita
ble
pro
fessio
n u
ntil w
ha
le p
opu
lation
s c
rash
ed
. T
he
glo
ba
l
co
mm
un
ity c
am
e to
ge
the
r to
ena
ct
a b
an
on
wh
alin
g.
Ho
we
ve
r, J
ap
an
an
d N
orw
ay h
ave
no
t a
gre
ed
to s
top
wh
alin
g. W
hic
h o
f th
efo
llow
ing is t
he
mo
st
like
ly c
on
se
qu
ence
of
the
ir d
ecis
ion?
A. T
he w
ha
le p
op
ula
tion
s a
re b
oun
cin
g b
ack v
ery
su
cce
ssfu
lly a
nd
are
unaff
ecte
d b
y J
apan
a
nd
No
rwa
y c
on
tin
uin
g t
o w
ha
le.
B. T
he w
ha
le p
op
ula
tion
s a
re n
ot
reb
ou
nd
ing a
s q
uic
kly
as t
he
y m
igh
t if a
ll of
the
co
untr
ies
agre
ed
no
t to
hu
nt
wh
ale
s.
C.
The
wh
ale
po
pu
lation
s h
ave
mu
tate
d in
to n
ew
kin
ds o
f o
rga
nis
ms.
D.
The
wh
ale
s a
re g
ettin
g b
ett
er
at
avo
idin
g c
ap
ture
.
SC
.91
2.E
.7.1
: C
arb
on
an
d W
ate
r C
yc
les
14
4.
Le
ave
s f
all
from
de
cid
uo
us t
ree
s in a
utu
mn. T
he
ca
rbo
n in t
he
se
lea
ve
s is r
etu
rned
to
the
atm
osp
he
re th
rou
gh
wh
ich
of
the
fo
llow
ing p
roce
sse
s?
A.
con
den
sa
tio
n
B.
de
com
po
sitio
n
C.
pho
tosyn
the
sis
D.
tra
nsp
iratio
n
64
14
5.
Th
e d
iagra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws
pa
rt o
f th
e c
arb
on
cycle
.
If m
an
y t
ree
s a
re r
em
ove
d f
rom
a f
ore
st
by loggin
g,
wh
at
is t
he
mo
st im
me
dia
te e
ffe
ct
on t
he
ca
rbon
cycle
in
th
at fo
rest?
A.
in
cre
ase
in t
he r
ate
s o
f de
com
po
sitio
n
B.
in
cre
ase
in t
he r
ate
s o
f atm
osp
he
ric c
arb
on
dio
xid
e
C.
de
cre
ase
d c
om
bu
stio
n o
f fo
ssil
fue
l
D.
in
cre
ase p
rodu
ction
of
org
an
ic c
om
pou
nds
14
6. T
he
wa
ter
cycle
wo
uld
no
to
ccu
r if w
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing w
ere
mis
sin
g?
A.
ba
cte
ria
B.
au
totr
op
hs
C.
ca
rbon
dio
xid
e
D.
so
lar
en
erg
y
65
14
7. A
gra
ph
of
atm
osp
he
ric c
arb
on
dio
xid
e c
on
cen
tra
tion
ove
r tim
e is s
ho
wn
be
low
.
Scie
ntists
are
in
ve
stiga
tin
g t
he
ca
use o
f th
e larg
e in
cre
ase
in
atm
osph
eric c
arb
on
dio
xid
e
co
ncen
tra
tion
sin
ce a
bo
ut 1
800
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g p
rovid
es t
he
be
st
exp
lan
atio
n fo
r th
e
incre
ase
?
A.
eru
ption
s o
f la
rge
vo
lca
noe
s
B.
use
of fo
ssil
fue
ls b
y h
um
an
s
C.
na
tura
l flu
ctu
atio
ns o
f clim
ate
D.
pho
tosyn
the
sis
by p
ho
top
lan
kto
n
66
To
pic
s:
Eco
log
y, A
bio
tic
& A
qu
ati
c F
acto
rs,
Inte
rdep
en
den
ce
& P
op
ula
tio
n,
Ch
an
ges in
an
Eco
sy
ste
m,
Hu
man
Imp
act,
an
dC
arb
on
& W
ate
r C
ycle
Pra
cti
ce T
est
ST
UD
EN
T:
TE
AC
HE
R:
#T
op
icM
YA
NS
WE
RC
OR
RE
CT
AD
DIT
ION
AL
HE
LP
NE
ED
ED
106
Ecolo
gy
107
Ecolo
gy
108
Ecolo
gy
119
Ecolo
gy
110
Ecolo
gy
111
Ecolo
gy
112
Ecolo
gy
113
Ecolo
gy
114
Ecolo
gy
115
Ecolo
gy
116
Ecolo
gy
117
Ecolo
gy
118
Abio
tic A
quatic F
acto
rs
119
Inte
rdependence &
Popula
tion
120
Inte
rdependence &
Popula
tion
121
Inte
rdependence &
Popula
tion
122
Inte
rdependence &
Popula
tion
123
Inte
rdependence &
Popula
tion
124
Inte
rdependence &
Popula
tion
125
Inte
rdependence &
Popula
tion
126
Inte
rdependence &
Popula
tion
127
Inte
rdependence &
Popula
tion
128
Inte
rdependence &
Popula
tion
129
Chang
es in a
n E
cosyste
m
130
Chang
es in a
n E
cosyste
m
131
Chang
es in a
n E
cosyste
m
132
Chang
es in a
n E
cosyste
m
133
Hum
an Im
pact
134
Hum
an Im
pact
135
Hum
an Im
pact
136
Hum
an Im
pact
137
Hum
an Im
pact
138
Hum
an Im
pact
139
Hum
an Im
pact
140
Hum
an Im
pact
141
Hum
an Im
pact
142
Hum
an Im
pact
143
Hum
an Im
pact
144
Carb
on a
nd W
ate
r C
ycle
145
Carb
on a
nd W
ate
r C
ycle
146
Carb
on a
nd W
ate
r C
ycle
147
Carb
on a
nd W
ate
r C
ycle
EO
C R
evie
wM
en
del’
s L
aw
of
Seg
reg
ati
on
, D
NA
Rep
licati
on
, an
d M
ito
sis
& M
eio
sis
67
Ben
ch
ma
rks:
SC
.912.L
.16.3
Describe th
e b
asic
pro
cess o
f D
NA
rep
lication
an
d h
ow
it
rela
tes t
o the
tra
nsm
issio
n a
nd
conserv
atio
n o
f th
e g
en
etic info
rmation
SC
.912.L
.16.4
Expla
in h
ow
muta
tions in
the
DN
A s
equ
ence m
ay o
r m
ay n
ot re
su
lt in p
he
noty
pic
chan
ge.
Expla
in
ho
w m
uta
tio
ns in
gam
ete
s m
ay r
esult in
ph
enoty
pic
ch
anges in o
ffspring.
SC
.912.L
.16.5
Expla
in t
he b
asic
pro
cesses o
f tr
anscri
ptio
n a
nd tra
nsla
tio
n, a
nd h
ow
th
ey r
esu
lt in t
he e
xpre
ssio
n
of
genes.
SC
.912.L
.16.9
Expla
in h
ow
and w
hy th
e g
enetic c
od is u
niv
ers
al a
nd is c
om
mon to a
lmost all
org
anis
ms
SC
.912.L
.16.1
7 C
om
pare
and c
ontr
ast m
itosis
and m
eio
sis
and
rela
te t
o th
e p
roce
sses o
f sexual and a
sexua
l re
pro
duction a
nd
th
eir c
onseque
nces f
or
gene
tic v
ari
ation
SC
.912.L
.16.8
Expla
in t
he r
ela
tio
nship
betw
ee
n m
uta
tion, ce
ll cycle
, and
unco
ntr
olle
d c
ell
gro
wth
pote
ntially
resultin
g in c
ancer
SC
.912.L
.16.1
4 D
escribe t
he c
ell
cycle
, in
clu
din
g t
he p
rocesses if m
itosis
. E
xp
lain
the
role
of
mitosis
in th
e
form
ation o
f ne
w c
ells
and its
im
port
ance in m
ain
tain
ing c
hro
mosom
e n
um
ber
duri
ng a
sexu
al re
pro
ductio
nS
C.9
12.L
.16.1
6 D
escribe t
he p
rocesses o
f m
eio
sis
, in
clu
din
g ind
ep
end
ent
assort
ment and c
rossin
g o
ver.
E
xpla
in h
ow
reduction
div
isio
n r
esu
lts in t
he f
orm
ation o
f haplo
id g
am
ete
s o
r spore
sS
C.9
12.L
.16.1
Use M
en
de
l’s la
ws o
f segre
gation a
nd indep
end
ent
assort
ment to
ana
lyze p
att
ern
s o
f in
heri
tance
SC
.192.L
.16.2
Dis
cuss o
bserv
ed
in
heri
tance p
att
ern
s c
aused b
y v
ari
ous m
odes o
f in
herita
nce,
inclu
din
g
dom
inant, r
ecessiv
e, co
do
min
ant, s
ex-lin
ked, p
oly
ge
nic
, an
d m
ultip
le a
llele
s
Su
mm
ary
:Y
ou
need
to
kn
ow
th
e f
ollo
win
g:
The b
asic
pro
cess o
f D
NA
replic
ation a
nd h
ow
it re
late
s to the t
ransm
issio
n a
nd
conserv
ation o
f ge
netic
info
rmation.
Muta
tio
ns in t
he D
NA
sequ
ence m
ay o
r m
ay n
ot re
su
lt in p
he
noty
pic
chan
ge a
nd h
ow
muta
tio
ns in
gam
ete
s m
ay
result in p
hen
oty
pic
ch
ang
es in o
ffspring.
The b
asic
pro
cesses o
f tr
anscriptio
n a
nd tra
nsla
tio
n a
nd h
ow
th
ey r
esult in
ge
ne e
xpre
ssio
n.
Yo
u w
ill a
lso n
eed t
o
know
th
at th
e b
asic
pro
cesses o
f D
NA
are
univ
ers
al in
org
an
ism
s.
oS
imila
rities in t
he g
ene
tic c
odes o
f org
anis
ms a
re d
ue t
o c
om
mon a
ncestr
y a
nd th
e p
rocess o
f in
herita
nce.
The d
iffe
rences a
nd s
imila
rities in th
e p
rocesses o
f m
itosis
and
meio
sis
and r
ela
te these
to th
epro
cesses o
f sexual a
nd a
sexua
l re
pro
duction
.
Ho
w m
itosis
and
meio
sis
le
ad to
ge
netic v
ari
ation
.
The r
ela
tionsh
ip b
etw
een m
uta
tion, cell
cycle
, and
un
contr
olle
d c
ell
gro
wth
pote
ntia
lly r
esu
ltin
g in c
ancer.
The c
ell
cycle
, in
clu
din
g t
he
pro
cess o
f m
itosis
and b
e a
ble
to e
xpla
in the
role
of
mitosis
in the f
orm
ation o
f n
ew
cells
and its
im
port
ance in m
ain
tain
ing c
hro
mosom
e n
um
ber
during s
exu
al re
pro
duction
.
Ho
w to
use M
en
del's
la
ws o
f segre
gation a
nd
in
dep
en
dent
assort
ment to
ana
lyze
patt
ern
s o
f in
herita
nce.
Ho
w d
om
inant, r
ecessiv
e, codom
inant, s
ex-lin
ked, p
oly
gen
ic, an
d m
ultip
le a
llele
modes o
f in
heri
tance c
ause
observ
ed inh
erita
nce p
attern
s.
Ad
dit
ion
al
Su
pp
ort
Ho
lt M
cD
ou
ga
l B
iolo
gy I
nte
ractive
Re
ad
er:
oC
ha
pte
r 5
, S
ection
5.1
, 5
.2,
5.3
, 5
.4o
Ch
ap
ter
6,
Section
6.1
, 6
.2,
6.3
, 6
.4, 6
.5,
6.6
oC
ha
pte
r 7
, S
ection
7.1
, 7
.2,
7.4
oC
ha
pte
r 8
, S
ection
8.2
, 8
.3,
8.4
, 8
.5, 8
.7
Eve
rgla
des B
iolo
gy E
nd
-Of-
Cou
rse
Re
vie
wo
Pa
ge
s 9
7-1
26
Web S
ite
oh
ttp
://w
ww
.ecsd
-fl.sch
oo
lloop
.co
m/B
iolo
gyE
OC
Re
vie
wo
htt
p:/
/fca
t.fldo
e.o
rg/e
oc/
Sa
mp
le Q
ue
sti
on
s
68
SC
.91
2.L
.16
.1M
en
de
l’s
Law
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n a
nd
In
de
pe
nd
en
t A
ss
ort
me
nt
14
8.
In p
ea
pla
nts
, th
e t
rait fo
r ta
ll ste
ms is d
om
inan
t o
ve
r th
e t
rait fo
r sh
ort
ste
ms.
If tw
o
he
tero
zygo
us t
all
pla
nts
are
cro
ssed
, w
ha
t perc
en
tage
of
the
off
sp
ring w
ou
ld b
e e
xp
ecte
d to
ha
ve
th
e
sa
me p
he
no
typ
e a
s the
pa
ren
ts?
A.
100
%
B.
7
5%
C.
5
0%
D.
2
5%
14
9.
He
mop
hili
a is a
se
x-lin
ke
d,
rece
ssiv
e t
rait. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g d
escrib
es t
he p
roba
bili
ty o
f
he
mo
ph
ilia
in
th
e o
ffsprin
g o
f a
ma
n w
ho
do
es n
ot h
ave
he
mo
ph
ilia
an
d a
wo
man
wh
ose
fa
the
r is
a
he
mo
ph
ilia
c?
[Hin
t:
Cre
ate
a P
un
ne
tt S
qu
are
to
de
term
ine
yo
ur
answ
er]
A.
Ea
ch
of
the
ir s
on
s w
ill h
ave
he
mo
ph
ilia
.
B.
No
ne
of
the
ir d
au
ghte
rs w
ill h
ave
he
mo
ph
ilia
.
C.
The
ir s
on
s h
ave
a 2
5%
ch
an
ce
of
ha
vin
g h
em
op
hili
a.
D.
The
re is a
50
% c
han
ce
th
at th
eir d
au
gh
ters
will
ha
ve
he
mo
ph
ilia
.
15
0.
Alle
les f
or
the
A a
nd
B b
loo
d c
ell
antige
ns a
re c
od
om
ina
nt. T
he
co
nditio
n w
he
re n
o a
ntige
ns
are
pre
se
nt o
n th
e b
loo
d c
ells
(ty
pe
O b
lood
) is
a r
ece
ssiv
e t
rait.
Usin
g t
he
ta
ble
be
low
, d
ete
rmin
e
wh
ich
se
t of
pa
rents
can
mo
st
like
ly p
rod
uce
a c
hild
with
typ
e O
blo
od
?
A.
one
pa
rent
with
typ
e A
B b
loo
d,
an
d th
e o
the
r p
are
nt
with
typ
e A
blo
od
B.
one
pa
rent
with
typ
e A
B b
loo
d a
nd
the
oth
er
pa
ren
t w
ith
typ
e O
blo
od
C.
on
e p
are
nt
with
hete
rozygo
us t
yp
eA
blo
od
, an
d th
e o
the
r p
are
nt w
ith
typ
e O
blo
od
D.
on
e p
are
nt
with
hom
ozygo
us t
yp
e A
blo
od
, an
d th
e o
the
r p
are
nt w
ith
ho
mo
zygo
us t
yp
e B
b
loo
d
69
15
1.
On
e o
f th
e p
are
nts
of
a c
hild
ha
s p
he
nylk
eto
nu
ria
(P
KU
), w
hic
h is c
au
se
d b
y a
uto
so
ma
l
rece
ssiv
e a
llele
s. T
he o
the
r p
are
nt
do
es n
ot h
ave
th
e P
KU
alle
les. W
hat is
the
cha
nce t
hat
the c
oup
le
will
ha
ve
a c
hild
with
ph
en
ylk
eto
nu
ria
?[H
int:
C
rea
te a
Pu
nne
tt S
qu
are
to
de
term
ine
yo
ur
an
sw
er]
A.
0%
B.
50%
C.
75
%
D.
10
0%
15
2.
Hitch
hik
er's t
hum
b (
H)
is d
om
ina
nt
to n
o h
itchh
ike
r's t
hum
b (
h).
A w
om
an w
ho
doe
s n
ot
ha
ve
hitch
hik
er's th
um
b m
arr
ies a
ma
n w
ho
is h
ete
rozygo
us f
or
hitch
hik
er's t
hum
b. W
ha
t is
th
e p
rob
ab
le
ge
no
typ
ic r
atio
of
the
ir c
hild
ren
?
A.
0%
Hh
: 10
0%
hh
B.
50%
Hh
: 5
0%
hh
C.
75
% H
h:
25
% h
h
D.
10
0%
Hh
: 0
% h
h
15
3. T
his
dia
gra
m s
how
s a
pe
dig
ree
fo
r a r
ece
ssiv
e g
en
etic d
iso
rde
r.
What is
the
ge
no
typ
e o
f in
div
idu
al 6
?
A.
XHX
H
B.
XHX
h
C.
XHY
D.
XhY
70
15
4. T
wo
pa
rent
Ho
lste
in (
bla
ck-a
nd
-wh
ite
) ca
ttle
ha
ve
mu
ltip
le o
ffsp
rin
g.
Th
e fu
r ra
nge
s fro
m b
lack
on
ly,
wh
ite
on
ly,
an
d b
lack a
nd
wh
ite
. W
hic
h p
roce
ss b
est e
xp
lain
s th
eva
ria
tio
ns
in t
he
offsp
rin
g?
A.
inde
pen
de
nt a
sso
rtm
ent
B.
se
x lin
ka
ge
C.
dom
inan
ce
D.
ge
ne
lin
ka
ge
15
5.
A h
um
an
bab
y b
oy in
he
rits
a r
ece
ssiv
e a
llele
fro
m h
is m
oth
er.
In
wh
ich
circu
msta
nce
wo
uld
he
mo
st
like
ly s
ho
w t
he
tra
it c
ode
d fo
r b
y t
he r
ece
ssiv
e a
llele
?
A. T
he b
ab
y in
he
rits
the
dom
ina
nt a
llele
fro
m h
is f
ath
er.
B. T
he a
llele
is o
n a
n a
uto
som
al ch
rom
osom
e a
nd t
he
ba
by is a
tw
in.
C.
The
alle
le is o
n t
he
X c
hro
mo
som
e.
D.
The
alle
le is o
n t
he
Y c
hro
mo
som
e.
15
6.
Th
is d
iagra
m s
ho
ws a
dip
loid
ce
ll w
ith
tw
o p
airs o
f h
om
olo
go
us c
hro
mo
som
es.
Du
e t
o in
dep
en
den
t a
sso
rtm
en
t, w
ha
t is
th
e p
ossib
le g
en
etic m
ake
-up
of
gam
ete
s p
rod
uce
d b
y t
his
o
rga
nis
m?
A.
SsT
t
B.
Ss, T
t
C.
S,
s, T
, t
D.
ST
, S
t, s
T,
st
71
15
7.
The
tab
leb
elo
wlis
ts t
he
tria
ls f
or
fru
it c
olo
r w
he
re a
llele
R e
xh
ibits in
co
mp
lete
do
min
an
ce
ove
r
alle
le R
1.
Ge
no
typ
e
Ph
en
oty
pe
R R
R
ed
R1
R1
Y
ell
ow
R R
1
Ora
ng
e
He
tero
zygo
us f
ruit h
ave
ora
nge
phe
noty
pe
s. W
hat pe
rce
nt of
off
sp
rin
g a
re e
xp
ecte
d to
ha
ve
an
ora
nge
ph
eno
typ
e if
the
pa
ren
t p
lan
ts a
re o
ran
ge
(R
R1)
an
d y
ello
w (
R1R
1)?
A.
25%
B.
50%
C.
75
%
D.
10
0%
15
8.
In g
uin
ea
pig
s,
bla
ck c
oat
co
lor
(B)
is d
om
inan
t o
ve
r w
hite
co
at co
lor
(b)
and
sho
rt h
air (
S)
is
do
min
ant
ove
r lo
ng h
air (
s).
Ba
se
d u
po
n th
e d
ihyb
rid
cro
ss s
ho
wn
belo
w,
wh
at
is t
he
phe
noty
pe
fo
r le
tte
r X
? A.
bro
wn
co
at,
lo
ng h
air
B.
bla
ck c
oa
t, s
ho
rt h
air
C.
bla
ck c
oa
t, lo
ng h
air
D.
bla
ck c
oa
t, lo
ng h
air
X
72
SC
.91
2.L
.16
.3D
NA
Re
pli
ca
tio
n
15
9.
What is
the
re
latio
nsh
ip b
etw
ee
n D
NA
an
d p
rote
in in
a c
ell?
A.
DN
A is m
ade
up
of p
rote
ins th
at
are
syn
the
siz
ed
in
th
e c
ell.
B.
Pro
tein
is c
om
po
sed
of
DN
A th
at
is s
tore
d in
the
ce
ll.
C.
DN
A c
on
tro
ls th
e p
rod
uctio
n o
f p
rote
in in
th
e c
ell.
D.
The
ce
ll is
co
mp
osed
on
ly o
f D
NA
an
d p
rote
in.
16
0.
The
in
div
idu
alit
y o
f an
org
an
ism
is d
ete
rmin
ed
by t
he
A.
se
qu
en
ce
of
nitro
gen
ou
s b
ase
s in
de
oxyrib
on
ucle
ic a
cid
B.
num
be
r of
am
ino
acid
s in
a c
ell
C.
po
sitio
n o
f th
e r
ibo
so
me
s o
n t
he
en
dop
lasm
ic r
eticu
lum
D.
num
be
r of
nitro
ge
nou
s b
ase
s in
a c
od
on
16
1.
If 2
0%
of
a D
NA
sa
mp
le is m
ad
e u
p o
f th
ym
ine
, T
, w
ha
t pe
rce
nta
ge
of
the
sa
mp
le is m
ade
up
of
cyto
sin
e,
C?
A.
15%
B.
30%
C.
35
%
D.
50
%
16
2.
A m
ed
ica
l te
st
ind
ica
tes t
ha
t a
pa
tien
t h
as a
defe
ctive
pro
tein
. T
his
co
nd
itio
n is m
ost
like
ly d
ue
to
a c
han
ge
in
the
directio
ns c
od
ed in
th
e:
A.
num
be
r of
nitro
ge
n b
ase
s
B.
num
be
r of
pho
sph
ate
mo
lecu
les
C.
se
qu
en
ce o
f su
ga
r m
ole
cu
les
D.
se
qu
en
ce o
f su
bu
nits in
DN
A
73
16
3.
Gen
es fo
r m
ed
ica
lly im
po
rta
nt p
rote
ins c
an
be
clo
ne
d a
nd
in
se
rte
d into
ba
cte
ria
, a
s s
ho
wn
in
the
dia
gra
m b
elo
w.
Why c
an
ba
cte
ria
re
cogn
ize
a h
um
an
ge
ne
an
d th
en p
rodu
ce
a h
um
an p
rote
in?
A.
DN
A r
ep
lica
tio
n in b
acte
ria
an
d h
um
an
s is th
e s
am
e.
B.
Ba
cte
ria
l ce
lls c
on
tain
th
e s
am
e o
rga
ne
lles a
s h
um
an
ce
lls.
C.
The
ba
sic
com
po
nen
ts o
f D
NA
are
th
e s
am
e in h
um
an
s a
nd
ba
cte
ria
.
D.
Ba
cte
ria
l ce
lls a
nd
hu
man
ce
lls c
on
tain
th
e s
am
e k
ind
of
ch
rom
oso
me
s.
16
4.
Whic
h c
ho
ice
de
scrib
es D
NA
aft
er
rep
lica
tion h
as ta
ken
pla
ce
?
A.
one
mo
lecu
le w
ith
tw
o o
rig
ina
l str
an
ds a
nd
one
mo
lecu
le w
ith
tw
o n
ew
str
an
ds
B.
two
mo
lecu
les, e
ach
with
on
e o
rigin
al a
nd o
ne n
ew
str
an
d
C.
two
mo
lecu
les,
ea
ch
with
tw
o n
ew
str
an
ds
D.
two
mo
lecu
les,
ea
ch
with
tw
o o
ld s
tra
nd
s
74
16
5.
At
wh
at
po
int
in th
e c
ell
cycle
do
es D
NA
re
plic
atio
n o
ccu
r an
d w
hy?
A.
befo
re a
ce
ll d
ivid
es,
to p
rovid
e e
ach
of
the t
wo
re
su
ltin
g c
ells
with
a c
om
ple
te s
et
of
DN
Ain
str
uctio
ns
B.
befo
re a
ce
ll d
ivid
es,
to e
nsu
re t
ha
t th
e D
NA
will
fit in
to th
e r
esu
ltin
g c
ells
C.
du
rin
g c
ell
div
isio
n,
to e
nsu
re th
at th
e D
NA
will
fit in
to th
e r
esu
ltin
g c
ells
D.
aft
er
a c
ell
div
ide
s,
to p
rovid
e e
ach
of
the
tw
o r
esu
ltin
g c
ells
with
a c
om
ple
te
se
t of
DN
A in
str
uction
s
16
6.
Fo
ur
diffe
ren
t se
gm
en
ts o
f a D
NA
mo
lecu
le a
re r
ep
resen
ted
be
low
.
The
re is a
n e
rro
r in
th
e D
NA
in
wh
ich
mo
lecu
le?
A.
se
gm
en
t 1
on
ly
B.
se
gm
en
t 3
on
ly
C.
se
gm
ent
2 a
nd
3
D.
se
gm
ent
2 a
nd
4
16
7.
The
se
qu
en
ce
of
DN
A b
elo
w is p
art
of
a g
ene.
Ho
w m
an
y a
min
o a
cid
s a
re c
od
ed
fo
r b
y t
his
se
gm
en
t?
5' A
TC
AG
CG
CT
GG
C 3
'
A.
4
B.
8
C.
12
D.
20
16
8.
A s
cie
ntist p
uts
nu
cle
otid
e c
ha
ins o
f U
UU
UU
U in
a te
st
tube
un
de
r con
ditio
ns a
llow
ing p
rote
in
syn
the
sis
. S
oo
n th
e test
tube
is fu
ll of
po
lyp
ep
tid
e c
ha
ins c
om
po
se
d o
nly
of
the
am
ino
acid
p
hen
yla
lan
ine
. W
hat
do
es th
is e
xp
erim
en
t in
dic
ate
?
A. T
he a
min
o a
cid
ph
en
yla
lan
ine
is c
om
po
sed
of
ura
cil.
B.
UU
U c
od
es f
or
the
am
ino
acid
phe
nyla
lan
ine
.
C.
Pro
tein
syn
the
sis
ma
lfu
nctio
ns in
te
st tu
bes.
D.
Mo
st
pro
tein
s c
on
tain
on
ly o
ne t
yp
e o
f am
ino
acid
.
75
16
9.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing w
ou
ld m
ost
like
ly c
au
se
a m
uta
tion
?
A.
the
pla
cem
ent
of
rib
oso
me
s o
n th
e e
ndo
pla
sm
ic r
eticu
lum
B.
the
in
se
rtio
n o
f a n
ucle
otid
e in
to D
NA
C.
the
mo
vem
ent
of
tran
sfe
r R
NA
ou
t of
the
nu
cle
us
D.
the
re
lea
se o
f m
esse
nge
r R
NA
fro
m D
NA
17
0.
A d
iagra
m o
f a
ce
llula
r p
roce
ss is s
ho
wn
be
low
.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing id
en
tifie
s t
he
pro
ce
ss s
ho
wn
at
po
int
Z?
A. T
ran
sla
tio
n
B. T
ran
slo
ca
tio
n
C.
Re
plic
atio
n
D.
Tra
nscrip
tio
n
17
1.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing c
arr
ies a
min
o a
cid
s t
o th
e s
ite
of
pro
tein
syn
the
sis
?
A.
mR
NA
B.
rRN
A
C.
tRN
A
D.
nR
NA
76
17
2.
Du
rin
g t
ran
scrip
tio
n the
DN
A b
ase
se
que
nce is t
ran
scrib
ed in
to a
co
mp
lime
nta
ry m
RN
A
se
qu
en
ce
. A
co
don
ta
ble
lik
e t
he
one
sho
wn
be
low
lis
ts t
he
am
ino a
cid
s c
ode
d fo
r b
y p
art
icu
lar
tria
ds
of
mR
NA
ba
se
s.
A s
egm
ent
of
DN
A h
as u
nd
erg
on
e a
mu
tatio
n in
wh
ich
one
nu
cle
otide
ha
s b
een
ch
an
ge
d. T
he o
rigin
al se
qu
en
ce
w
as A
CG
an
d th
e n
ew
se
qu
en
ce
is A
CA
. U
se t
he
co
do
n ta
ble
to
d
ete
rmin
e w
he
the
r o
r n
ot
this
mu
tatio
n w
ill c
au
se
a c
ha
nge
in
th
e p
he
no
typ
e o
f th
e o
rga
nis
m.
A.
ye
s,
the
phe
no
typ
e o
f th
e o
rga
nis
m w
ou
ld c
ha
nge
be
cau
se
a n
ew
am
ino
acid
will
be
co
de
d
for.
B.
ye
s,
the
phe
no
typ
e o
f th
e o
rga
nis
m w
ou
ld c
ha
nge
be
cau
se
an
y c
ha
nge
in
th
e D
NA
se
qu
en
ce
will
ca
use
a c
ha
nge
in
phe
noty
pe
.
C.
Eve
n t
hou
gh
the
DN
A s
equ
en
ce
cha
nge
d,
the s
equ
en
ce
still
code
s f
or
the
sa
me a
min
o a
cid
, so
no
ch
an
ge
in
ph
en
oty
pe w
ill o
ccu
r.
D.
It is im
po
ssib
le t
o d
ete
rmin
e if
a c
ha
nge
in p
hen
oty
pe
will
occu
r usin
g o
nly
th
e
DN
A s
equ
en
ce.
77
SC
.91
2.L
.16
.17
: M
ito
sis
vs
. M
eio
sis
17
3.
Mito
sis
an
d m
eio
sis
are
pro
ce
sse
s in
vo
lve
d in
ce
llula
r re
pro
du
ctio
n. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
gd
escrib
es a
nd e
ve
nt
tha
t re
su
lts f
rom
mito
sis
bu
t N
OT
me
iosis
?
A.
two
sta
ge
s o
f ce
ll d
ivis
ion
B.
rep
lica
tion
of
ce
llula
r ge
ne
tic m
ate
ria
l
C.
da
ugh
ter
ce
lls t
ha
t a
re id
en
tica
l to
the
pa
ren
t ce
ll
D.
fou
r da
ugh
ter
ce
lls th
at a
re p
rod
uced
fro
m e
ach
pa
ren
t ce
ll
17
4.
Ho
w a
re s
exu
al re
pro
du
ctio
n a
nd
ase
xu
al re
pro
du
ction
diffe
ren
t fr
om
ea
ch
oth
er?
A.
se
xu
al re
pro
du
ctio
n r
equ
ire
s t
wo
pa
ren
ts a
nd
ase
xu
al re
pro
du
ction
re
qu
ire
s
on
ly o
ne
pa
rent
B.
ase
xu
al re
pro
du
ction
re
qu
ire
s t
wo
pa
rents
an
d s
exu
al re
pro
du
ction
re
qu
ire
s
on
ly o
ne
pa
rent
C.
mu
tation
ra
tes a
re lo
we
r in
se
xu
al re
pro
ductio
n th
an in
ase
xu
al re
pro
du
ctio
n
D.
ase
xu
al re
pro
du
ction
occu
rs o
nly
in
mu
ltic
ellu
lar
org
an
ism
s
17
5.
Whic
hty
pe
of
rep
rod
uctio
n lea
ds to
in
cre
ased
ge
ne
tic v
aria
tio
n o
n a
pop
ula
tio
n?
A.
Pa
rth
eno
ge
ne
sis
B.
Ase
xu
al re
pro
du
ction
C.
Se
xu
al re
pro
du
ction
D.
Ve
ge
tative
re
pro
du
ctio
n
17
6.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing p
hra
se
s b
est d
escribes c
an
ce
r?
A.
ab
se
nce
of
cyclin
s in
the
DN
A
B.
mu
ltip
le g
ene
mu
tatio
ns o
n a
ch
rom
osom
e o
f D
NA
C.
un
con
tro
lled c
ell
gro
wth
ca
use
d b
y m
uta
tion
s in
ge
ne
s t
ha
t con
trol th
e c
ell
cycle
D.
pre
se
nce
of
ge
netic d
efe
cts
cau
sed
by h
ere
dita
ry d
iso
rde
rs
78
17
7.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing b
est d
escrib
es m
eio
sis
?
A.
It is c
arr
ied
ou
t in
all
tissu
es th
at re
qu
ire
cell
rep
lace
me
nt.
B.
It o
ccu
rs o
nly
in
ce
lls in
the
re
pro
du
ctive
str
uctu
res o
f o
rga
nis
ms.
C.
It h
ap
pe
ns in
all
tissu
es e
xce
pt th
e b
rain
an
d s
pin
al co
rd.
D.
It is t
he
first
sta
ge
of
mito
sis
.
17
8.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing p
ha
se
s o
f m
ito
sis
is r
ep
rese
nte
d b
y t
he
dia
gra
m b
elo
w?
A.
pro
ph
ase
B.
me
tap
ha
se
C.
an
ap
ha
se
D.
telo
ph
ase
17
9.
A s
cie
ntist
wa
nts
to
cha
nge
the
DN
A o
f a
se
xu
ally
re
pro
du
cin
g o
rga
nis
m a
nd
ha
ve
the
new
DN
A p
rese
nt in
eve
ry c
ell
of
the
org
an
ism
. In
ord
er
to d
o t
his
aft
er
fert
iliza
tio
n,
sh
e w
ou
ld c
ha
nge
the
DN
A in w
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g?
A.
zygo
te
B.
pla
ce
nta
C.
teste
s o
f th
e f
ath
er
D.
ova
rie
s o
f th
e m
oth
er
79
18
0.
Whic
h r
ow
in
the
cha
rt b
elo
w in
dic
ate
s th
e c
orr
ect
pro
ce
ss f
or
ea
ch
eve
nt
ind
ica
ted
?
A.
row
1
B.
row
2
C.
row
3
D.
row
4
18
1.
The
dia
gra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws a
ce
llula
r p
roce
ss th
at o
ccu
rs in
org
an
ism
s.
What is
the
na
me
of
this
pro
ce
ss?
A.
me
iosis
B.
mito
sis
C.
en
do
cyto
sis
D.
ph
ago
cyto
sis
80
18
2.
The
dia
gra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws h
om
olo
gou
s c
hro
mo
som
es d
urin
g p
rop
ha
se
I o
f m
eio
sis
.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing c
orr
ectly d
escrib
es t
he p
roce
ss b
ein
g illu
str
ate
d?
A.
mu
tatio
n in
wh
ich
the
DN
A c
onte
nt
of
the
ge
ne
is a
lte
red
B.
se
gre
ga
tio
n o
f sis
ter
ch
rom
atid
C.
co
nde
nsatio
n a
nd
se
gre
ga
tio
n o
f a
llele
s
D.
cro
ssin
g-o
ve
r in
wh
ich
alle
les a
re e
xch
an
ge
d
18
3.
The
dia
gra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws t
wo
str
aw
be
rry p
lan
ts.
Pla
nt 2
is p
rod
uced
ase
xu
ally
fro
m P
lan
t 1
. If th
e leaf
ce
lls o
f P
lan
t 1
ha
ve
56
ch
rom
osom
es, h
ow
ma
ny c
hro
mo
som
es w
ill b
e fo
und
in
th
e le
af
ce
lls o
f P
lan
t 2?
A.
14
B.
28
C.
56
D.
11
2
81
Me
nd
el’
s L
aw
of
Seg
reg
ati
on
, D
NA
Rep
licati
on
, an
d M
ito
sis
& M
eio
sis
Pra
cti
ce T
est
ST
UD
EN
T:
TE
AC
HE
R:
#T
op
icM
yA
nsw
er
Co
rre
ct
Need
Ad
dit
ion
al
Help
14
8M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
14
9M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
15
0M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
15
1M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
15
2M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
15
3M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
15
4M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
15
5M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
15
6M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
15
7M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
15
8M
en
de
l’s L
aw
of
Se
gre
ga
tio
n
15
9D
NA
16
0D
NA
16
1D
NA
16
2D
NA
16
3D
NA
16
4D
NA
16
5D
NA
16
6D
NA
16
7D
NA
16
8D
NA
16
9D
NA
17
0D
NA
17
1D
NA
17
2D
NA
17
3M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
17
4M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
17
5M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
17
6M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
17
7M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
17
8M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
17
9M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
18
0M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
18
1M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
18
2M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
18
3M
ito
sis
vs.
Me
iosis
82
EO
C R
evie
wE
vo
luti
on
, H
um
an
Bo
dy
, B
iote
ch
no
log
y
Ben
ch
mark
s:
SC
.912.L
.15.1
3 D
escribe t
he c
onditio
ns r
equired f
or
natu
ral sele
ction,
inclu
din
g: overp
roduction o
f offspring,
inherite
d v
ariation,
and t
he s
truggle
to
surv
ive,
whic
h r
esult in d
iffe
rential re
pro
ductive s
uccess.
SC
.912.L
.15.1
4 D
iscuss m
echanis
ms o
f evolu
tionary
change o
ther
than n
atu
ral sele
ction s
uch a
s g
enetic d
rift a
nd g
ene flo
w.
SC
.912.L
.15.1
5 D
iscuss h
ow
muta
tion a
nd g
enetic r
ecom
bin
ation incre
ase g
enetic v
ariation.
SC
.912.L
.15.8
Describe t
he s
cie
ntific e
xpla
nations o
f th
e o
rigin
s o
f lif
e o
n E
art
h.
SC
.912.L
.15.1
Expla
in h
ow
the s
cie
ntific theory
of
evolu
tion is
support
ed b
y t
he fossil
record
, com
para
tive a
nato
my, com
para
tive e
mbry
olo
gy,
bio
geogra
phy,
mole
cula
r bio
logy, and o
bserv
ed e
volu
tionary
change.
SC
.912.L
.15.1
0 Identify
basic
tre
nds in h
om
inid
evolu
tion form
early a
ncesto
rs s
ix m
illio
n y
ears
ago t
o m
odern
hum
ans,
inclu
din
g b
rain
siz
e,
jaw
siz
e,
language,
and m
anufa
ctu
ring t
ools
.S
C.9
12.L
.14.2
6 Identify
the m
ajo
r part
s o
f th
e b
rain
in d
iagra
ms o
r m
odels
.S
C.9
12.L
.14.3
6 D
escribe t
he facto
rs a
ffecting b
lood f
low
thro
ugh t
he c
ard
iovascula
r syste
m.
SC
.912.L
14.5
2E
xpla
in t
he b
asic
function o
f th
e h
um
an im
mune s
yste
ms,
inclu
din
g s
pecific
and n
onspecific
im
mune r
esponse, vaccin
es, and
antibio
tics.
SC
.912.L
.14.6
Expla
in t
he s
ignific
ance o
f genetic facto
rs,
environm
enta
l fa
cto
rs, and p
ath
ogenic
agents
to h
ealth f
rom
the p
ers
pectives o
f both
in
div
idual and p
ublic
health.
SC
.912.L
.16.1
3 D
escribe t
he b
asic
anato
my a
nd p
hysio
logy o
f th
e h
um
an r
epro
ductive s
yste
m.
Describe t
he p
rocess o
f hum
an d
evelo
pm
ent fo
rm
fert
ilization t
o b
irth
and t
he m
ajo
r changes t
hat
occur
in e
ach t
rim
este
r of
pre
gnancy.
SC
912.L
.16.1
0 E
valu
ate
the im
pact of
bio
technolo
gy o
n t
he indiv
idual, s
ocie
ty, and t
he e
nvironm
ent, inclu
din
g m
edic
al and e
thic
al is
sues.
Su
mm
ary
:Y
ou
ne
ed
to
kn
ow
th
e f
ollo
win
g:
How
the t
heory
of
evolu
tion is s
upport
ed b
y e
vid
ence fro
m the f
ossil
record
, com
para
tive a
nato
my, com
para
tive e
mbry
olo
gy,
bio
geogra
phy,
mole
cula
r bio
logy,
and o
bserv
ed e
volu
tionary
change.
Tre
nds in h
om
inid
evolu
tion fro
m e
arly a
ncesto
rs to m
odern
hum
ans inclu
din
g b
rain
siz
e, ja
w s
ize, la
nguage a
nd
manufa
ctu
re o
f to
ols
.
Diffe
rences b
etw
een a
theory
and a
law
and k
now
how
a t
heory
is d
evelo
ped o
ver
tim
e.
How
specific
scie
ntists
(D
arw
in,
Lyell,
Malthus, M
endel, W
alla
ce)
contr
ibute
d to t
he t
heory
of evolu
tion.
You w
ill b
e a
sked t
o identify
the m
ajo
r part
s o
f th
e b
rain
on a
dia
gra
m. It
em
s a
re lim
ited t
o t
he follo
win
g:
fronta
l lo
be, parieta
l lo
be, occip
ital
lobe,
tem
pora
l lo
be
You n
eed t
o k
now
the
facto
rs t
hat aff
ect
blo
od f
low
thro
ugh t
he c
ard
iovascula
r syste
m: blo
od p
ressure
, blo
od v
olu
me, re
sis
tance,
dis
ease a
nd
exe
rcis
e.
You n
eed t
o k
now
ho
wth
ese facto
rs a
ffect
blo
od f
low
.
You n
eed t
o k
now
the b
asic
functions o
f th
e h
um
an im
mune s
yste
m.
You n
eed t
o u
nders
tand s
pecific
and n
on-s
pecific
im
mune r
esponses.
You n
eed t
o k
now
ho
w t
he h
um
an im
mune s
yste
m r
esponds to v
accin
es a
nd/o
r antibio
tics.
You n
eed t
o k
now
ho
w g
enetic facto
rs, environm
enta
l fa
cto
rs,
and p
ath
ogenic
agents
aff
ect
both
indiv
idual and p
ublic
health.
You n
eed t
o k
now
the b
asic
functions o
f th
e h
um
an im
mune s
yste
m.
You n
eed t
o u
nders
tand s
pecific
and n
on-s
pecific
im
mune r
esponses.
You n
eed t
o k
now
ho
w t
he h
um
an im
mune s
yste
m r
esponds to v
accin
es a
nd/o
r antibio
tics.
You n
eed t
o k
now
ho
w g
enetic facto
rs, environm
enta
l fa
cto
rs,
and p
ath
ogenic
agents
aff
ect
both
indiv
idual and p
ublic
health.
Describe the b
asic
anato
my a
nd p
hysio
logy o
f th
e h
um
an r
epro
ductive s
yste
m.
Describe the p
rocess o
f hum
an d
evelo
pm
ent fo
rm f
ert
ilization t
o b
irth
and t
he m
ajo
r changes t
hat occur
in e
ach t
rim
este
r of
pre
gnancy.
You n
eed t
o u
nders
tand h
ow
bio
technolo
gy im
pacts
indiv
iduals
, socie
ty,
and/o
r th
e e
nvironm
ent. Y
ou w
ill b
e g
iven s
cenarios w
ith s
pecific
exam
ple
s a
nd a
sked t
o d
ete
rmin
e the im
pact.
Sam
ple
Qu
esti
on
s
Ad
dit
ion
al S
up
po
rt
Holt M
cD
ougal B
iolo
gy Inte
ractive R
eader:
oC
hapte
r 10, S
ection 1
0.1
, 10.2
, 10.3
,10.4
oC
hapte
r 11, S
ection 1
1.1
, 11.3
, 11.4
, 11.5
, 11.6
oC
hapte
r 12, S
ection 1
2.1
, 12.3
, 12.4
, 12.6
oC
hapte
r 29, S
ection 2
9.4
oC
hapte
r 30, S
ection 3
0.1
, 30.3
, 30.4
oC
hapte
r 31, S
ection 3
1.2
, 31.3
, 31.4
o
Chapte
r 34, S
ection 3
4,1
, 34.2
, 34.3
, 34.4
o
Chapte
r 9, S
ection 9
.1, 9.2
, 9.3
, 9.4
, 9.5
, 9.6
Everg
lades B
iolo
gy E
nd-O
f-C
ours
e R
evie
w
oP
ages 1
28-1
60, 184-2
19,
257-2
71
Web S
ite
oh
ttp
://w
ww
.ecsd
-fl.sch
oo
lloop
.co
m/B
iolo
gyE
OC
Re
vie
w
oh
ttp
://fca
t.fldo
e.o
rg/e
oc/
83
SC
.91
2.L
.16
.10
: B
iote
ch
no
log
y
18
4. G
en
etic s
cre
en
ing is a
pro
ce
du
re w
he
re a
pe
rso
n’s
DN
A is a
naly
ze
d t
o id
entify
a g
en
etic
pre
dis
po
sitio
n to
le
tha
l d
ise
ase
s.
On
e a
dva
nta
ge
of
ge
ne
tic s
cre
en
ing is t
ha
t it a
llow
s d
octo
rs t
o
pre
ve
nt
and
tre
at
dis
ease
s b
efo
re p
atien
ts h
ave
sym
pto
ms. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing is a
dis
ad
va
nta
ge
of
ge
netic s
cre
en
ing?
A.
Ge
netic s
cre
en
ing r
esu
lts c
ou
ld b
e u
se
d to d
ete
rmin
e in
he
rita
nce p
atte
rns in
fam
ilie
s.
B.
The
lik
elih
ood
of
a c
hild
co
ntr
actin
g a
n in
he
rita
ble
dis
ea
se
co
uld
be
pre
dic
ted
by g
en
etic
scre
en
ing.
C.
A d
octo
r co
uld
co
mb
ine
a p
atie
nt’s c
urr
en
t sym
pto
ms w
ith
ge
ne
tic s
cre
en
ing r
esu
lts to
d
iagn
ose
an
d t
reat
the
pa
tien
t.
D.
In
su
ran
ce
com
pan
ies c
ou
ld d
rop
a p
atie
nt’s m
ed
ica
l co
ve
rage
base
d o
n p
ote
ntia
l m
ed
ica
l is
su
es p
roje
cte
d b
y g
en
etic s
cre
en
ing.
18
5. A
nim
al “p
ha
rmin
g”
is b
eco
min
g m
ore
po
pu
lar
as t
he
de
ma
nd
fo
r h
um
an
pro
tein
s a
nd v
accin
es
co
ntinu
es to
gro
w.
An
ima
l “p
ha
rmin
g”
is t
he
pro
ce
ss o
f u
sin
g t
ran
sge
nic
an
ima
ls to
pro
du
ce
hum
an
dru
gs s
uch
as in
su
lin a
nd
hu
ma
n g
row
th h
orm
one
. T
ran
sge
nic
an
ima
ls a
re a
nim
als
wh
ich
ha
ve
be
en
ge
ne
tica
lly t
ran
sfo
rmed
by s
plic
ing a
nd
in
se
rtin
g f
ore
ign
ge
ne
s in
to th
eir c
hro
mo
som
es.
If su
cce
ssfu
l,
the
in
se
rte
d g
en
e c
an
en
ab
le a
n a
nim
al to
ma
ke
ce
rta
in p
rote
ins in
its
milk
, b
loo
d, sp
erm
, o
r e
ggs.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing is N
OT
tru
e a
bou
t tr
an
sge
nic
an
ima
ls?
A.
Tra
nsge
ne
DN
A m
ay in
se
rt its
elf in
to t
he
ge
no
me
in
a w
ay t
ha
t d
isru
pts
th
e a
nim
al’s
no
rma
l
ge
ne
fun
ctio
n.
B.
Tra
nsge
nic
an
ima
ls c
an
no
t p
ass th
eir a
bili
ty t
o p
rod
uce
the
de
sired
dru
g t
o its
off
sp
rin
g.
C.
Tra
nsge
nic
an
ima
ls c
an
pro
du
ce
th
e d
esire
d d
rug a
t h
igh
le
ve
ls w
ith
ou
t e
nda
nge
rin
g its
ow
n h
ea
lth
.
D.
Tra
nsge
nic
an
ima
ls c
an
be
ea
sily
te
ste
d for
the
ne
w g
en
e.
84
18
6. I
n O
cto
be
r of
19
90
, th
e U
S D
ep
art
men
t of
Ene
rgy’s
Off
ice
of
Scie
nce
an
d th
e U
S N
atio
na
l
Institu
te o
f H
ea
lth
be
ga
n th
e p
roce
ss o
f m
app
ing t
he
hum
an
ge
nom
e.
Th
is p
roce
ss w
as r
efe
rre
d to
as T
he
Hu
ma
n G
eno
me
Pro
ject a
nd
wa
s in
ten
ded
to id
entify
th
e 2
0,0
00
–25
,00
0 g
ene
s o
f th
e
hu
ma
n g
en
om
e. A
wo
rkin
g d
raft
of
the g
en
om
e w
as a
nn
ou
nced
in
20
00
and
a c
om
ple
te o
ne
in
20
03
.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing d
escrib
es th
e m
ain
ben
efit of
com
ple
tin
g T
he H
um
an
Ge
nom
e P
roje
ct?
A.
C
lon
ing h
um
an
s
B.
De
sig
nin
g n
ew
hum
an g
en
es
C.
Pa
ten
tin
g s
pe
cific
hu
man
ge
ne
s
D.
Id
en
tify
ing g
en
etically
-ba
se
d d
ise
ase
s
18
7. G
en
etic e
ngin
ee
rin
g h
as b
oth
po
sitiv
e a
nd
ne
ga
tive
ou
tcom
es. O
ne o
f th
e m
ost
com
mo
n a
rea
s
wh
ere
ge
ne
tic e
ngin
eerin
g is u
se
d is in
agricu
ltu
re.
If fa
rme
rs p
lan
t m
ore
gen
etica
lly m
od
ifie
d c
rop
s,
wh
ich
of
the f
ollo
win
g n
ega
tive
ou
tcom
es c
ou
ld o
ccu
r?
A.
An
in
cre
ase
in
th
e u
se
of
pe
sticid
es
B.
A d
ecre
ase
in g
en
etic d
ive
rsity o
f th
e c
rops
C.
An
in
cre
ase in
the
co
nta
min
atio
n o
f th
e w
ate
r sup
ply
D.
A d
ecre
ase
in
cro
p p
rod
uctivity
18
8. R
ice
, th
e m
ost
po
pu
lar
food
cro
p in
the
wo
rld
, ca
n b
e s
ucce
ssfu
lly g
row
n o
nly
in
ce
rtain
pla
ce
s.
If t
rend
s in
clim
ate
ch
an
ge
co
ntinu
e, th
e a
reas in
wh
ich
ric
e c
urr
en
tly g
row
s w
ill b
e s
ign
ific
an
tly
red
uced
. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g is t
he
be
st w
ay t
ha
t b
iote
ch
no
logy c
an
kee
p th
e h
arv
est
of rice
fro
m
de
cre
asin
g?
A.
Id
entify
ing n
ew
are
as w
ith
so
il fe
rtile
en
ough
fo
r rice
pro
du
ction
.
B.
De
ve
lop
ing c
lean
en
erg
y s
ou
rce
s t
o r
edu
ce
ca
rbon
dio
xid
e p
roductio
n w
orld
wid
e.
C.
Se
ein
g c
lou
ds w
ith
dry
ice
to
pro
du
ce
mo
re r
ain
fall
wh
ere
it
is n
ee
ded
.
D.
Ge
ne
tica
lly e
ngin
ee
rin
g r
ice
cro
ps t
ha
t a
re t
ole
ran
t to
cha
nge
in th
e e
nviro
nm
en
t.
85
SC
.91
2.L
.14
.26
: M
ajo
r P
art
s o
f th
e B
rain
18
9.
Th
e illu
str
atio
n b
elo
w s
ho
ws f
ou
r lo
be
s o
f th
e h
um
an
bra
in.
What lo
be
is d
esig
na
ted
by la
be
l 2?
A.
tem
po
ral
B.
pa
rieta
l
C.
occip
ita
l
D.
fron
tal
19
0.
Whic
h lob
e o
f th
e b
rain
is d
esig
na
ted
by n
um
be
r 4
?
A.
occip
ita
l lo
be
B.
pa
rieta
l lo
be
C.
fron
tal lo
be
D.
tem
po
ral lo
be
86
SC
.91
2.L
.15
.1 E
vo
luti
on
19
1.
Th
e s
cie
ntific th
eo
ry o
f e
vo
lution
is s
up
po
rte
d b
y d
iffe
rent
typ
es o
f e
vid
en
ce
. T
he
dia
gra
ms
be
low
sh
ow
th
e s
ke
leto
ns o
f tw
o d
iffe
ren
t a
nim
al spe
cie
s.
Ho
w d
oes c
om
pa
rin
g t
he s
ke
leto
ns o
f
the
se a
nim
als
pro
vid
e s
up
po
rt f
or
the
scie
ntific t
heo
ry o
f e
vo
lutio
n?
A.
It p
rovid
es info
rma
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
org
an
ism
s' h
ab
ita
ts.
B.
It s
ho
ws p
ossib
le c
om
mo
n a
nce
str
y b
etw
ee
n o
rga
nis
ms.
C.
It p
rovid
es info
rma
tio
n to
de
term
ine
th
e o
rga
nis
ms' a
ge
s.
D.
It s
ho
ws p
ossib
le c
hro
mo
so
ma
l sim
ilaritie
s b
etw
ee
n o
rga
nis
ms.
19
2.
Acco
rdin
g t
o fo
ssil
reco
rds,
the
ho
rse
s th
at
live
d 5
0 m
illio
n y
ears
ago
we
re m
uch
sm
alle
r,
we
ake
r a
nd
slo
we
r th
an
mo
de
rn h
ors
es. W
hic
h p
roce
ss is m
ost
likely
re
sp
on
sib
le f
or
the
ch
an
ge
s
tha
t h
ave
le
d t
o th
e in
cre
ase
d s
ize
, str
en
gth
, a
nd
sp
eed
in
ho
rse
s?
A.
com
me
nsa
lism
B.
inb
ree
din
g
C.
mig
ratio
n
D.
evo
lutio
n b
y n
atu
ral se
lectio
n
87
19
3.
Th
e d
iagra
m illu
str
ate
s a
n e
mb
ryo
nic
sta
ge
of
two
org
an
ism
s.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing c
an
be
de
term
ined
by o
bse
rvin
g t
he
em
bry
os s
ho
wn
in
the
dia
gra
m?
A. T
he o
rga
nis
ms s
ha
re a
co
mm
on
an
ce
str
y.
B. T
he o
rga
nis
ms b
elo
ng t
o t
he
sam
e g
en
us.
C.
The
org
an
ism
s a
re n
ative
to
th
e s
am
e g
eogra
ph
ic a
rea
s.
D.
The
org
an
ism
s w
ill g
row
in
to a
na
tom
ica
lly s
imila
r a
du
lts.
19
4.
Scie
ntists
ha
ve
fo
und
evid
en
ce t
ha
t abo
ut 2
.4 m
illio
n y
ea
rs a
go
a g
en
ere
gu
latin
g ja
w m
uscle
s
mu
tate
d a
nd
ma
y h
ave le
d to
the
mo
re g
racefu
l h
um
an
ja
w w
e s
ee
to
da
y.
Th
e d
iagra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws
the
sku
lls o
f 3
ho
min
id s
pe
cie
s.
Whic
h s
tate
me
nt b
elo
w m
ost
clo
se
ly e
xp
lain
s t
he
lin
k b
etw
ee
n ja
w s
ize
an
d h
om
inid
evo
lutio
n?
A. T
he ja
ws o
f h
om
inid
s e
vo
lve
d t
o b
e s
ma
ller
an
d le
ss p
rotr
ud
ing o
ve
r tim
e.
B. T
he ja
ws o
f h
om
inid
s e
vo
lve
d t
o b
e la
rge
r a
nd
mo
re p
rotr
ud
ing o
ve
r tim
e.
C.
The
re a
ppe
ars
to
be
no c
han
ge
in
th
e ja
ws o
f ho
min
ids o
ve
r tim
e.
D.
The
ja
ws o
f hom
inid
s c
ha
nge
d o
ve
r tim
edu
e to
a c
han
ge
in
bra
in s
ize
.
88
19
5.
Scie
ntists
are
stu
dyin
g t
he
evo
lutio
na
ry h
isto
ry o
f a
gro
up
of
pla
nts
in t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes,
an
d
the
y d
eve
lop
ed
an
evolu
tio
na
ry t
ree
, a
s s
ho
wn
be
low
.
Whic
h s
tate
me
nt
ca
n b
e infe
rred
fro
m th
e e
volu
tio
na
ry t
ree
?
A.
Spe
cie
s 1
is m
ost
clo
se
ly r
ela
ted
to
Sp
ecie
s 8
.
B.
Spe
cie
s 2
is m
ost
clo
se
ly r
ela
ted
to
Sp
ecie
s 3
.
C.
Sp
ecie
s 3
is m
ost
clo
se
ly r
ela
ted
to
Sp
ecie
s 7
.
D.
Sp
ecie
s 5
is m
ost
clo
se
ly r
ela
ted
to
Sp
ecie
s 6
.
89
19
6. S
cie
ntists
are
stu
dyin
g t
he
evo
lutio
na
ry h
isto
ry o
f a
gro
up
of
pla
nts
in t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes,
an
d
the
y d
eve
lop
ed
an
evolu
tio
na
ry t
ree
, a
s s
ho
wn
be
low
.
What in
form
atio
n a
bout
the o
rga
nis
ms b
est he
lps t
he
scie
ntists
to d
ete
rmin
e th
e e
vo
lutio
na
ry
rela
tio
nsh
ips a
mon
g t
he
m?
A.
DN
A s
equ
en
ce
s
B.
Ana
tom
ica
l fe
atu
res
C.
Ha
bita
t ty
pe
s
D.
Re
pro
du
ctive
Str
ate
gie
s
SC
.91
2.L
.15
.8:
Ori
gin
of
Lif
e
19
7.
One
of
the
acce
pte
d s
cie
ntific th
eo
rie
s d
escrib
ing t
he
origin
of
life
on
Ea
rth
is k
no
wn
as
ch
em
ica
l e
vo
lutio
n. A
cco
rdin
g t
o th
is t
he
ory
, w
hic
h o
fth
e f
ollo
win
g e
ve
nts
wo
uld
nee
d to
occu
r firs
t
for
life
to e
vo
lve
?
A.
on
se
t of
ph
oto
syn
the
sis
B.
origin
of
ge
ne
tic m
ate
ria
l
C.
Syn
the
sis
of
org
an
ic m
ole
cu
les
D.
form
atio
n o
f th
e p
lasm
a m
em
bra
ne
19
8.
Whic
h t
yp
es o
f o
rga
nis
ms d
eve
lop
ed
first
due
to t
he
ea
rly e
nvir
on
me
nta
l con
ditio
ns o
n E
art
h?
A.
pro
ka
ryo
tic a
nd
ae
rob
ic
B.
pro
ka
ryo
tic a
nd
an
ae
rob
ic
C.
eu
ka
ryo
tic a
nd
ae
rob
ic
D.
eu
ka
ryo
tic a
nd
an
ae
rob
ic
90
19
9.
Th
e M
ille
r-U
rey e
xp
erim
en
t of
19
53 w
as d
esig
ne
d to
te
st th
e h
yp
oth
esis
tha
t lig
htn
ing s
up
plie
d
the
en
erg
y n
ee
de
d to
tu
rn a
tmo
sp
he
ric g
ase
s in
to o
rga
nic
mo
lecu
les s
uch
as a
min
o a
cid
s. W
hic
h o
f
the
fo
llow
ing d
escrib
es w
hy t
he
Mill
er-
Ure
y t
he
ory
is w
ide
ly a
cce
pte
d t
od
ay?
A.
Am
ino
acid
s s
po
nta
ne
ou
sly
fo
rm f
rom
mo
lecu
les in t
he a
tmo
sp
he
re t
od
ay.
B.
Org
an
ic m
ole
cu
les a
re p
rese
nt to
da
y in
extr
em
ely
hig
h c
on
ce
ntr
atio
ns.
C.
The
pro
ce
ss o
f syn
the
siz
ing o
rga
nic
mo
lecu
les f
rom
a m
ixtu
re o
f ga
se
s h
as b
een
su
cce
ssfu
lly m
od
ele
d in
the
la
bo
rato
ry.
D.
No
oth
er
alte
rna
tive
hyp
oth
ese
s h
ave
be
en
in
tro
du
ced
.
20
0.
End
osym
bio
sis
is
a p
rop
osed
th
eo
ry o
f th
e o
rigin
of
eu
ka
ryo
tic c
ells
.W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing
exp
lain
s w
hy c
ells
th
at co
nta
ine
d m
ito
ch
on
dria
-lik
e o
rga
ne
lles h
ad
an
evo
lutio
na
ry a
dva
nta
ge
?
A. T
he
y w
ere
ab
le to
ph
oto
syn
the
siz
e
B. T
he
y h
ad
mo
re D
NA
C.
The
y w
ere
ab
le t
o m
ake m
ore
use
of
ava
ilab
le e
ne
rgy
D.
The
y w
ere
im
mu
ne
to
ba
cte
ria
l in
va
sio
n.
SC
.91
2.L
.15
.13
: N
atu
ral
Sele
cti
on
20
1.
Ove
r tim
e,
the
clim
ate
of
an isla
nd b
ecam
e d
rie
r, w
hic
h r
esu
lted
in
cha
nge
s to
the
pop
ula
tion
s
of
va
rio
us isla
nd f
inch s
pe
cie
s.
Fin
ch
po
pu
latio
ns w
ith
a c
ert
ain
be
ak s
ha
pe
we
re a
ble
to
fora
ge
fo
r
foo
d. T
he p
op
ula
tio
n o
f th
ose
no
t ha
vin
g t
ha
t b
ea
k s
ha
pe
de
cre
ase
d. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g
de
scrib
es a
ne
ce
ssa
ry c
on
ditio
n f
or
the
se
chan
ge
s in
the
fin
ch
po
pu
latio
ns to
occu
r?
A.fe
we
r m
uta
tion
s
B.
limited
re
sou
rce
s
C.
limite
d b
ea
k v
aria
tio
ns
D.
un
de
rpro
du
ctio
n o
f off
sp
rin
g
91
20
2.
Whic
h o
f th
ese w
ou
ld h
ave
th
e le
ast eff
ect
on
na
tura
l se
lection
in
a s
ub
sp
ecie
s o
f giraff
es th
at
is
ge
ogra
ph
ica
lly iso
late
d f
rom
oth
er
su
bsp
ecie
s o
f gira
ffe
s?
A.
ava
ilab
le n
ich
es
B.
exis
tin
g p
red
ato
rs
C.
ch
rom
osom
e n
um
be
r
D.
ava
ilab
le f
oo
d r
eso
urc
es
20
3.
Mu
tatio
ns w
ith
in a
DN
A s
equ
en
ce
are
:
A.
natu
ral p
roce
sse
s t
ha
t p
rod
uce g
en
etic d
ive
rsity
B.
natu
ral p
roce
sse
s t
ha
t a
lwa
ys a
ffe
ct
the
phe
no
typ
e
C.
un
na
tura
l p
roce
sses t
ha
t a
lwa
ys a
ffe
ct
the p
hen
oty
pe
D.
un
na
tura
l p
roce
sses t
ha
t a
re h
arm
ful to
ge
ne
tic d
ive
rsity
20
4.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing b
est
illu
str
ate
s n
atu
ral se
lectio
n?
A.
An o
rga
nis
m w
ith
favo
rab
le g
en
etic v
aria
tio
ns w
ill t
en
d t
o s
urv
ive
an
d b
reed
su
cce
ssfu
lly.
B.
A p
opu
lation
mo
no
po
lize
s a
ll o
f th
e r
esou
rce
s in
its
ha
bita
t, fo
rcin
g o
the
r sp
ecie
s t
o m
igra
te.
C.
A c
om
mu
nity w
ho
se
mem
be
rs w
ork
to
ge
the
r u
tiliz
ing a
ll e
xis
tin
g r
eso
urc
es a
nd
mig
rato
ry
rou
tes.
D.
The
la
rge
st o
rga
nis
ms
in a
spe
cie
s r
ece
ive
the
on
ly b
ree
din
g o
pp
ort
un
itie
s.
92
20
5.
A s
ma
ll p
opu
lation
of
ch
imp
an
ze
es liv
es in
a h
ab
ita
t th
at u
nd
erg
oe
s n
o c
ha
nge
s fo
r a lo
ng
pe
rio
d.
Ho
w w
ill g
en
etic d
rift
pro
ba
bly
aff
ect
this
pop
ula
tion
?
A.
It w
ill a
cce
lera
te t
he a
ppe
ara
nce
of
ne
w t
raits.
B.
It w
ill p
rom
ote
th
e s
urv
iva
l o
f ch
impa
nze
es w
ith
be
neficia
l tr
aits.
C.
It w
ill in
cre
ase
th
e n
um
be
r of
alle
les fo
r spe
cific
tra
its.
D.
It w
ill r
ed
uce
ge
ne
tic d
ive
rsity.
20
6.
A s
ma
ll p
ort
ion o
f th
e p
op
ula
tion
th
at
is g
eo
gra
ph
ica
lly iso
late
d f
rom
th
e r
est
of
the
pop
ula
tion
run
s t
he
ris
k o
f d
ecre
ase
d.
A.
ge
ne
tic d
rift
B.
mu
tatio
n r
ate
C.
na
tura
l se
lectio
n
D.
ge
ne
tic v
aria
tio
n
20
7.
In h
is b
oo
k O
n the
Origin
of
the
Sp
ecie
s,
Ch
arle
s D
arw
in d
escrib
ed
ho
w s
pe
cie
s c
ha
nge
ove
r
tim
e. W
hic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g is N
OT
pa
rt o
f h
is o
bse
rva
tio
ns th
at
de
scrib
es t
he m
ech
an
ism
s o
f na
tura
l
se
lectio
n?
A.
Org
an
ism
s p
rodu
ce
mo
re o
ffsp
rin
g t
ha
n c
an
su
rviv
e.
B.
Dis
ea
se a
nd
na
tura
l d
isa
ste
r w
ill lim
it p
opu
latio
n g
row
th.
C.
Sp
ecie
s t
od
ay d
esce
nde
d w
ith
mo
dific
ation
s f
rom
an
ce
str
al sp
ecie
s.
D.
Org
an
ism
s w
ith
ad
va
nta
ge
s w
ill s
urv
ive
an
d r
ep
rod
uce
.
93
20
8.
Th
eo
do
siu
s D
obzh
an
sky d
isco
ve
red
tha
t su
cce
ssfu
l sp
ecie
s te
nd
to
ha
ve
a w
ide
va
rie
ty o
f
ge
ne
s t
ha
t d
o n
ot a
ppea
r to
be
usefu
l to
th
e s
pe
cie
s in its
pre
se
nt e
nvir
on
men
t. W
hat d
id t
his
dis
co
ve
ry h
elp
exp
lain
ab
ou
t ge
netics a
nd
th
e c
ha
nge
s th
at
occu
r in
a s
pe
cie
s o
ve
r tim
e?
A.
En
viro
nm
en
ts w
ith
mo
re o
rga
nis
ms te
nd
to
ha
ve
mo
re s
ucce
ssfu
l sp
ecie
s.
B.
Spe
cie
s w
ith
gre
ate
r ge
ne
tic d
ive
rsity a
da
pt m
ore
ea
sily
to
ch
angin
g e
nvir
on
men
ts.
C.
Ch
an
gin
g e
nviro
nm
en
ts p
reve
nt
spe
cie
s f
rom
ad
ap
tin
g a
nd
su
rviv
ing.
D.
Sp
ecie
s in
a s
tab
le e
nviro
nm
ent
are
mo
re r
esis
tan
t to
a c
han
gin
g e
nviro
nm
en
t.
SC
.91
2.L
.16
.13
: R
ep
rod
uc
tio
n a
nd
Fe
tal
De
ve
lop
me
nt
20
9. S
exu
al re
pro
du
ctio
n is v
ita
l to
th
e p
rop
aga
tio
n o
f th
e h
um
an
race
. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing
se
qu
en
ce
s r
ep
resen
ts th
e c
orr
ect
ord
er
of
eve
nts
in t
he
fo
rma
tion
of a
hu
ma
n fe
tus?
A.
B.
E
mb
ryo
C.
D.
94
21
0. T
he d
iagra
m b
elo
w s
ho
ws a
fetu
s im
pla
nte
d in
a fe
ma
le u
teru
s.
Fe
rtili
za
tio
n o
f th
e e
gg m
ost
like
ly o
ccu
rre
d in
wh
ich
of
the f
ollo
win
g s
tru
ctu
res?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
5
D.
6
21
1. T
he d
rin
kin
g o
f a
lco
ho
lic b
eve
rage
s b
y a
pre
gn
an
t w
om
an
is h
arm
ful to
the
de
ve
lop
men
t of
he
r fe
tus. T
his
is m
ost d
am
agin
g e
arly in
th
e f
irst
trim
este
rs o
f p
regn
ancy b
eca
use
du
rin
g t
his
tim
e
A.
th
e lun
gs o
f th
e fe
tus b
eco
me
fu
nction
al.
B.
alc
oh
ol ca
n e
asily
en
ter
the
mou
th o
f th
e fe
tus.
C.
man
y o
f th
e e
sse
ntia
l o
rga
ns o
f th
e f
etu
s a
re f
orm
ing.
D.
th
e f
etu
s c
an
no
t e
xcre
te w
aste
s.
95
21
2. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing d
escrib
es f
ert
iliza
tio
n?
A.
Ce
ll d
iffe
rentia
tio
n to
fo
rm a
bla
stu
la
B.
Fo
rma
tion
of
ge
rm la
ye
rs in
a d
eu
tero
sto
me
C.
A s
pe
rm jo
inin
g a
n e
gg t
o f
orm
a z
ygo
te
D.
Sp
erm
an
d e
gg p
rod
uction
21
3. A
bn
orm
alit
ies p
rese
nt in
th
e c
ells
th
at lin
e th
e u
teru
s m
ay p
reve
nt
the
pro
du
ctio
n o
f off
sp
rin
g b
y
dire
ctly in
terf
erin
g w
ith
wh
ich
pro
ce
ss?
A.
The
de
ve
lop
me
nt of
the e
mb
ryo
.
B.
The
diffe
ren
tia
tio
n o
f ga
me
tes in
to z
ygo
tes.
C.
Th
e s
ecre
tion
of
estr
oge
n b
y t
he
ova
ry.
D.
Th
e p
rodu
ctio
n a
nd r
ele
ase
of
egg c
ells
.
21
4.
Spe
rm a
re c
rea
ted
th
rou
gh
me
iosis
in
an
are
a o
f th
e t
este
s c
alle
d t
he
sem
inife
rou
s tub
ule
s.
Th
rou
gh
wh
ich
str
uctu
re d
o t
he
spe
rm t
rave
l to
exit t
he
te
ste
s?
A.
va
s d
efe
ren
s
B.
sem
inife
rou
s tu
bu
les
C.
scro
toum
D.
ep
idid
ym
is
21
5.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing is t
rue
of
a z
ygo
te?
A.
It fo
rms in
to a
bla
sto
cyst
B.
It is a
n u
nfe
rtili
ze
d e
gg
C.
It p
rod
uce
s h
ap
loid
ma
le g
am
eto
ph
yte
s
D.
It is m
ade
up
of
on
ly o
ne c
ell
96
21
6.
Wha
t is
the
hu
ma
n e
mb
ryo
ca
lled a
fte
r th
e e
igh
th w
ee
k o
f d
eve
lopm
ent?
A.
a z
ygo
te
B.
an infa
nt
C.
a f
etu
s
D.
a m
oru
la
21
7. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing e
ve
nts
occu
rs d
urin
g t
he
first
trim
este
r?
A.
he
art
be
at
be
gin
s
B.
lu
ngs fu
lly d
eve
lop
ed
C.
bon
es b
ecom
e s
olid
D.
fe
tus m
ove
s,
kic
ks a
nd
sw
allo
ws
21
8.
Be
low
is a
dia
gra
m o
f th
e m
ale
rep
roductive
syste
m.
Whic
h s
tru
ctu
re is r
ep
rese
nte
d b
y t
he
le
tte
r D
?
A.
scro
tum
B.
teste
s
C.
pro
sta
te g
lan
d
D.
ep
idid
ym
is
97
21
9. A
fe
rtili
ze
d e
gg u
nd
erg
oe
s s
eve
ral sta
ge
s b
efo
re it
is s
ucce
ssfu
lly im
pla
nte
d. T
he
dia
gra
m
be
low
sh
ow
s t
he
se
sta
ge
s a
s t
he
fe
rtili
ze
d e
gg t
rave
ls t
hro
ugh
th
e fem
ale
re
pro
du
ctive
syste
m.
In w
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing s
tru
ctu
res o
f th
e f
em
ale
hu
ma
n r
ep
rod
uctive
syste
m is th
e b
lasto
cyst
imp
lante
d d
urin
g n
orm
al h
um
an
de
ve
lop
me
nt?
A.
ova
ry
B.
ute
rus
C.
va
gin
a
D.
am
nio
tic s
ac
SC
.91
2.L
.14
.36
: B
loo
d F
low
22
0.
Th
e r
ate
at
wh
ich b
lood
flo
ws t
hro
ugh
the
hum
an
bo
dy c
han
ge
s in
re
sp
on
se
to
man
y f
acto
rs.
Whic
h s
tate
me
nt d
escrib
es o
ne
of
the
se
fa
cto
rs a
nd
its
eff
ect
on
blo
od
flo
w?
A.
A h
igh
vis
co
sity o
f blo
od
ca
use
s a
n in
cre
ase
d r
esis
tan
ce
in
the
blo
od
ve
sse
ls a
nd
le
ad
s to
slo
w b
loo
d f
low
.
B.
A lo
w b
lood
pH
de
cre
ase
s th
e r
ate
of
diffu
sio
n t
hro
ugh
the
blo
od
ve
sse
ls a
nd
lea
ds to
slo
w
blo
od f
low
.
C.
The
cha
ngin
g o
f th
e s
ha
pe
of
red
blo
od
ce
lls t
o a
cre
sce
nt sh
ap
e d
ecre
ase
s r
esis
tan
ce
an
d
lea
d to
a f
aste
r b
loo
d f
low
.
D.
The
na
rro
win
g o
f b
loo
d v
esse
ls in
cre
ase
s p
ressu
re a
nd
le
ad
s t
o a
fa
ste
r b
loo
d f
low
.
98
22
1.
Ca
rdio
va
scu
lar
dis
ea
se
run
s in
Jim
’s m
oth
er’s f
am
ily.
Jim
is o
nly
17
bu
t kn
ow
s t
ha
t h
is m
om
an
d g
rand
pa
ren
ts a
ll ha
ve
hig
h b
loo
d p
ressu
re.
Whic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing b
est d
escrib
es th
e c
on
ne
ctio
n
be
twe
en
ca
rdio
va
scu
lar
dis
ea
se
and
age
?
A.
As p
eop
le a
ge
, th
eir b
lood
ve
sse
ls b
eco
me m
ore
ela
stic lea
din
g to
le
ss c
ard
iova
scu
lar
dis
ea
se.
B.
As p
eop
le a
ge
, th
e h
ea
rt b
ecom
es m
ore
eff
icie
nt
with
ea
ch
pu
mp,
incre
asin
g c
ard
iac o
utp
ut.
C.
As p
eo
ple
age
, b
lood
pre
ssu
re d
ecre
ase
s le
ad
ing t
o m
ore
ca
rdio
va
scu
lar
dis
ea
se
.
D.
As p
eo
ple
age
, p
laqu
e b
uild
s u
p in
th
e a
rterie
s in
cre
asin
g v
esse
l re
sis
tan
ce
, w
hic
h le
ad
s t
o
dis
ea
se.
22
2.
Jim
wa
s t
old
tha
t h
e m
igh
t n
ee
d to
go
on m
ed
ica
tion
if
his
blo
od p
ressu
re c
on
tinu
es to
be
hig
h.
What cau
se
s b
loo
d p
ressu
re?
A.
ch
ole
ste
rol in
the
blo
od
B.
str
ess th
at e
xe
rcis
e p
uts
on
he
art
mu
scle
C.
co
ntr
actio
n o
f th
e v
en
tric
les in
th
e h
ea
rt
D.
rem
ova
l of
oxyge
n f
rom
th
e b
loo
d
SC
.91
2.L
.14
.52
: Im
mu
ne
22
3. H
ow
do
hu
ma
n d
ise
ase
s c
au
sed
by b
acte
ria
and
dis
ea
se
s c
ause
d b
y v
iru
se
s r
ea
ct
to
an
tib
iotics?
A.
Ne
ithe
r re
spo
nd
s t
o a
ntib
iotics.
B.
Bo
th r
esp
on
d to
an
tib
iotics.
C.
Vira
l d
ise
ase
s r
espo
nd
to
an
tib
iotics;
ba
cte
ria
l d
ise
ase
s d
o n
ot.
D.
Ba
cte
ria
l d
ise
ase
s r
esp
ond
to a
ntib
iotics; vir
al d
ise
ase
s d
o n
ot.
99
22
4. V
accin
es a
re w
ea
ke
ne
d fo
rms o
f d
ise
ase
ca
usin
g m
icro
org
anis
ms,
wh
ich
are
giv
en
to
patie
nts
to p
reve
nt d
ise
ase
. A
fte
r th
e v
accin
e is a
dm
inis
tere
d,
wh
at
resp
on
se t
o th
e v
accin
e is trigge
red
in
th
e
bo
dy?
A.
Se
cre
tio
n o
f a
ntigen
s b
y lym
ph
ocyte
s.
B.
Ab
so
rption
of
his
tam
ine
s th
rou
gho
ut th
e b
od
y.
C.
Pro
du
ctio
n o
f te
mpo
rary
re
sis
tan
ce
to t
he
dis
ea
se.
D.
Pro
du
ctio
n o
f a
ntibo
die
s p
rovid
ing a
ctive
im
mu
nity.
22
5. S
cie
ntists
de
ve
lop
ed
a v
accin
e to
pro
tect
hum
an
s f
rom
th
e H
1N
1 v
iru
s,
wh
ich
ca
used
17,0
00
de
ath
s in
20
09
. W
hic
h o
f th
e fo
llow
ing p
ers
on
s w
ou
ld m
ost
like
ly c
on
tra
ct
the
H1
N1
viru
s?
A.
A p
ers
on
wh
o d
id n
ot
rece
ive
the
va
ccin
e a
nd
ha
s a
we
ake
ne
d im
mu
ne
syste
m d
ue t
o o
the
r co
nd
itio
ns.
B.
A p
ers
on
wh
o r
ece
ive
d t
he
va
ccin
e a
nd h
as a
we
ake
ne
d im
mu
ne
syste
m d
ue
to
oth
er
co
nd
itio
ns.
C.
A p
ers
on
wh
o d
id n
ot
rece
ive
the
va
ccin
e b
ut h
as a
no
rma
l im
mun
e s
yste
m.
D.
A p
ers
on
wh
o r
ece
ive
d t
he
va
ccin
e a
nd h
as a
no
rma
l im
mun
e s
yste
m.
10
0
To
pic
sB
iote
ch
no
log
y, P
art
s o
f th
e B
rain
, E
vo
luti
on
, O
rig
in o
fL
ife,N
atu
ral S
ele
cti
on
, R
ep
rod
ucti
on
, B
loo
d F
low
, an
d Im
mu
ne
Pra
cti
ce T
est
ST
UD
EN
T:
TE
AC
HE
R:
#T
op
ics
MY
AN
SW
ER
CO
RR
EC
TA
DD
ITIO
NA
LH
EL
P N
EE
DE
D
184
Bio
technolo
gy
185
Bio
technolo
gy
186
Bio
technolo
gy
187
Bio
technolo
gy
188
Bio
technolo
gy
189
Part
s o
f th
e B
rain
190
Part
s o
f th
e B
rain
191
Evolu
tion
192
Evolu
tion
193
Evolu
tion
194
Evolu
tion
195
Evolu
tion
196
Evolu
tion
197
Orig
in o
f Life
198
Orig
in o
f Life
199
Orig
in o
f Life
200
Orig
in o
f Life
201
Natu
ral S
ele
ction
202
Natu
ral S
ele
ction
203
Natu
ral S
ele
ction
204
Natu
ral S
ele
ction
205
Natu
ral S
ele
ction
206
Natu
ral S
ele
ction
207
Natu
ral S
ele
ction
208
Natu
ral S
ele
ction
209
Repro
duction
210
Repro
duction
211
Repro
duction
212
Repro
duction
213
Repro
duction
214
Repro
duction
215
Repro
duction
216
Repro
duction
217
Repro
duction
218
Repro
duction
219
Repro
duction
220
Blo
od F
low
221
Blo
od F
low
222
Blo
od F
low
223
Imm
une
224
Imm
une
225
Imm
une