2015 micro review i
TRANSCRIPT
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Microbes & Pathogenesis - Review
Britt Andersen
2015-01-22
andersenb@wusmwust!edu
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Announcements
•
Microbe cards or Microbe card a"" (iTunes) You will need thesequizzes!
• Three quizzes (15%) + one nal exam (75%)
• Bateria "11 (#)
• $iruses "7 ()
• un&i"'arasites "1 (#)
• inal exam " (*)
• ramewor exerise (1,%) "1 ()
• #o the se!$-assessment%%% er' high 'ie!d $or the (na! e)am• *hese wi!! not be co!!ected or graded
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Reviews
• ormat of sessions
• -e.iew questions
• /m0ortant one0ts and terms
• tudent questions
• hedule
• -e.iew 1 (1")2 /ntro letures3 strutural 4ateriolo&3 host60atho&en in
• -e.iew (1",)2 ost60atho&en interations 3 89 oli3 TB3 :T;s
• -e.iew (",)2 )2 $iral infetions3 0arasitolo&
• -e.iew > (">)2 Bioterrorism3 fun&al di.ersit3 0atho&en diso.er
• -e.iew 7 ("1)2 *alaria3 infetion ontrol3 tre0tooi
• inal exam re.iew6 aturda *arh 1st (160m)9 /s this a &ood time?
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+ui, I .hat 'ou shou!d /now
•
ee list of Im"ortant Microbes on "11 of ourse 0a• *iro4es mared 4 asteriss will :@T 4e tested!
• Aram 0ositi.e or ne&ati.e?
• ;isease(s) aused3 denin& harateristis
•
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uestion C1
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uestion C1
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uestion C
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uestion C
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uestion C
#hat is the diEerene 4etween 4ateremia andse0tiemia?
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uestion C
#hat is the diEerene 4etween 4ateremia andse0tiemia?
Bateremia2 4ateria 0resent in the 4lood
e0tiemia2 4ateria multi0lin& in the 4lood
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uestion C=
/f a 4aterium senses a nutrient and mo.es towarthe Fa&ella rotatin& lowise or ounterlowise
#hat is this mehanism alled?
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uestion C=
/f a 4aterium senses a stimulus and mo.es towathe Fa&ella rotatin& lowise or ounterlowise
#hat is this mehanism alled? Dhemotaxis
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uestion C5
#hih of the followin& 0atho&ens ontains the enG'
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uestion C5
#hih of the followin& 0atho&ens ontains the enG'
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ectures-Im"ortant *erms & once"ts
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a"aron-Introduction to Medica! Microbio!og'
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Pathogens
• elminths
• 'rotozoa• un&i
• Bateria
• $irus
• 'rion
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Bacteria
• ha0e
• *eta4olismH aero4e3 anero4e3 faulati.e anero4e
• Aram 0os or ne&
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a"aron-Introduction to Microbia! Pathogenesis
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och3s Postu!ates
• 8.idene required to esta4lish a causa! relationshi0 4etween 0atho&en an
19 *iroor&anism must 4e found in all diseased animalsI4ut not in health
9 *iroor&anism must 4e isolated from diseased animal and &rown in 0ure
9 *iroor&anism &rown in 0ure ulture must re0rodue the disease when rinto suse0ti4le animals
=9 *iroor&anism must 4e reo.ered from the ex0erimentall infeted anim
•. Gimitations of JohKs 0ostulates2
19 ealth indi.iduals ma har4or the miroor&anism
9 :ot all miroor&anisms an 4e &rown in 0ure ulture (e9&9 .iruses)
9
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Im"ortant *ermino!og'
• 'atho&en .9 normal Fora
• @00ortunist
• :osoomial
• aultati.e .9 o4li&ate
• /nfetion"olonization
• $irulene
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Measuring iru!ence
• $irulene2 a4ilit of a 0atho&en to ause disease
• Dan 4e quantied 4 I#50 and #50
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iru!ence 4actors
• *oleules 0rodued 4 0atho&ens that ena4le them to ause disea
• Dolonize nihe en.ironments (tro"ism)
• 8.ade"su00ress host immune sstem
• L0tae nutrients or ex0el harmful su4stanes
• a"su!e2 inhi4its 0ha&otosis
•
Bio(!m2 immune e.asion3 anti4ioti resistane• Pi!i(mbriae2 ellular attahment3 4aterial onMu&ation
• *o)ins2 endotoxin (G')3 exotoxins
• 6ecretion s'stems
• M#R1
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4a!/ow3s Mo!ecu!ar addition to och3s Postu
• 8.idene required to show that a &ene found in a 0atho&en enode
viru!ence $actor3 i9e9 ontri4utes to the 0atho&enKs a4ilit to aus
19 The &ene should 4e found in all 0atho&eni strains of the miroor
9 /nati.ation of the &ene should lead to redued .irulene
9 -estorin& ex0ression of the &ene should reesta4lish .irulene
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once"tua! 4ramewor/ o$ Pathogenesis
1 7ncounter N reser.oir".etor3 transmission3 tro0ism
2 7ntr' N from where does the 0atho&en &ain aess to its host?
8 6"read N loal"sstemi
9 Mu!ti"!ication N immune e.asion
5 #amage N toxins3 disease"sequelae
: ;utcome N elimination3 ommensalism3 laten3 0ersistene
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Bacteria! !assi(cation- =ram "ositive andnegative
• Aram ne&ati.e 4ateria ha.e an outer mem4rane
• Thi 0e0tido&lan ell wall
• =ram- Thin 0e0tido&lan ell wall
• Acid-$ast Dell wall om0osed of moli aid
• *o4aterium
• :oardia
• Chlamydia Dell wall las 0e0tido&lan
• Mycoplasma:o ell wall
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=ram 6taining
Aram + sta
Aram 6 st
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=ram 6taining
The &ram stainin& method isnamed after the ;anish4ateriolo&ist ans Dhristian Ara
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=ram> =ram-
Da4
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Bacteria! 6tructures
19 'ili"m4riae *ro"ism3 4iolm3 motilit (t0e =)3 0lasmid ex
(onMu&ation)
9 la&ella Goomotion"hemotaxis
9 Da0sule Dom0osed of 0olsaharides3 inhi4its 0ha&otosi
=9 Dell wall Dom0osed of rosslined "e"tidog!'can (murein)
59 'eri0lasm 0ae 4etween to0lasmi mem4rane and ell wa
Aram6>9 'orins :utrient u0tae
79 Dell mem4rane
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Bacteria! 6tructures
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Bacteria! 6tructures- ?age!!a
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i"o"o!'saccharide P6
• Donsists of 0olsaharide + li0id
•
ound on outer mem4rane of Aram6 4ateria• i"id A endoto)in2 reo&nized 4 toll6lie ree0tors
(TG-6=) on immune ells 0ro6inFammator toinerelease se0ti sho
• i"oteichoic acid (GT