2015 hsc senior science - board of studies · alcohol (77%), water, fragrance ... technology used...

2015 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

2670

Senior Science

General Instructions

•Readingtime–5minutes

•Workingtime–3hours

•Writeusingblackpen

•Drawdiagramsusingpencil

•Board-approvedcalculatorsmaybeused

•WriteyourCentreNumberandStudentNumberatthetopofpages9,11,13,17,19and21

Total marks – 100

Section I Pages2–22

75 marks

Thissectionhastwoparts,PartAandPartB

PartA–20marks

•AttemptQuestions1–20

•Allowabout35minutesforthispart

PartB–55marks

•AttemptQuestions21–31

•Allowabout1hourand40minutesforthispart

Section II Pages23–28

25 marks

•AttemptONEquestionfromQuestions32–36

•Allowabout45minutesforthissection

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Section I75 marks

Part A – 20 marksAttempt Questions 1–20Allow about 35 minutes for this part

Usethemultiple-choiceanswersheetforQuestions1–20.

1 Whichofthefollowingcausesrhythmiccontractionsofcardiacmuscles?

(A) Thehormonecalledadrenalin

(B) Carbondioxidelevelsintheblood

(C) Nerveimpulsesfromthespinalcord

(D) Electricalimpulsesproducedbyspecialtissuewithintheheart

2 Imagescanbesentdigitallyusing

(A) letters.

(B) zerosandones.

(C) analoguesignals.

(D) modulatedwaves.

3 Whatisthefunctionofanartificiallung?

(A) Tooxygenatebloodandremovecarbondioxide

(B) Totakeoverthefunctionofthediaphragmifitfails

(C) Toforceairinandoutofthelungsduringheartsurgery

(D) Tomaintainbreathingaftercardiopulmonaryresuscitation

4 Whichstatementaboutmixturesiscorrect?

(A) Allcolloidsarefoams.

(B) Allsolutionsarecolloids.

(C) Allemulsionsarecolloids.

(D) Allsuspensionsaresolutions.

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5 Twomovementsareshowninthesephotographs.

Movement

1

2

Starting position Finishing position

Whichtypeofjointallowsthesemovementstooccur?

(A) Pivot

(B) Sliding

(C) Doublehinge

(D) Ballandsocket

6

Themainingredientsofaperfumearelistedbythemanufactureras:

alcohol(77%),water,fragrance

Whatisthemainpurposeofthealcohol?

(A) Tokillskinbacteria

(B) Todissolvethefragrance

(C) Togivetheproductanappealingsmell

(D) Togivetheproductanattractivecolour

–4–

7 Whichofthefollowingidentifiesfeaturesofopticalfibresusedforcommunication?

(A) Flexibleandmadeofglass

(B) Hollowandmadeofsilicone

(C) Transparentandconductelectricity

(D) Secureandconvertelectricitytolight

8pThree beakers X, Y and Z contain mixtures which have been left standing for a long

eriodoftime.

X Y Z

WhichrowofthetablecorrectlyrepresentsthemixturesindiagramsX,YandZ?

X Y Z

(A) Colloid Suspension Solution

(B) Solution Colloid Suspension

(C) Solution Suspension Colloid

(D) Suspension Colloid Solution

–5–

9 Thediagramshowsthebasicpatternofinformationtransfer.

Stage 1Stage 2

Stage 3

WhatistheprocessoccurringatStage3?

(A) Decoding

(B) Transmission

(C) Energytransfer

(D) Communication

10 Which row of the table correctly matches the medical condition with the biomedicaltechnologyusedtotreatthatcondition?

Medical condition Biomedical technology

(A) Worncartilageinajoint Pyrolyticcarbon

(B) Damagedhipjoint Cochlearimplant

(C) Faultyheartvalve UHMWPE

(D) Irregularheartbeat Pacemaker

11 Oxygenmoleculeswhichenterthebodythroughthenosepassthroughseveralstructuresinordertoenterthebloodstream.

Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructuresinthecorrectsequence?

(A) Alveoli➝ trachea➝ aorta➝ veins

(B) Bronchi➝ trachea➝ atria➝ capillaries

(C) Trachea➝ bronchi➝ alveoli➝ capillaries

(D) Diaphragm➝ trachea➝ ventricles➝ veins

–6–

12 Thetechniqueofangioplastyisusedinwhichofthefollowingsituations?

(A) Tocorrectafaultyheartvalve

(B) Torelievebuild-upofplaque

(C) Tocontrolanirregularheartrhythm

(D) Tocarryoutcardiopulmonaryresuscitation

13 Whyareshampooseffectiveinremovingoilfromthehairandscalp?

(A) Theycontainsurfactantsthatdissolveoils.

(B) Theyaremildlyacidicwhichallowsthemtodegradeoils.

(C) Theycontainemulsifyingagentsthatdisperseoildroplets.

(D) Theycontainnutrientsthatpromotethegrowthofmicroflorawhichfeedonoils.

14 Whichstatementcorrectlycomparesthepropertiesofradiowavesandmicrowaves?

(A) Radiowavestravelatthesamespeedasmicrowaves.

(B) Radiowaveshavethesamefrequencyasmicrowaves.

(C) Radiowaveshaveshorterwavelengthsthanmicrowaves.

(D) Radiowavescarrymoreinformationpersecondthanmicrowaves.

15 AninvestigationwasconductedtomeasurethepHvaluesofskincleansers.

Distilledwater

Cleanser1

Cleanser2

Cleanser3

Universalindicator

Which row of the table shows the independent variable and the control in thisinvestigation?

Independent variable Control

(A) pH Distilledwater

(B) Universalindicator pH

(C) Cleansers Distilledwater

(D) Cleansers Universalindicator

–7–

16 Oil-basedchemicalsareoftenaddedtosoftdrinksforflavourandcolour.

Whichofthesesubstancescouldalsobeaddedtosoftdrinkstomakethemixtureuniformandstable?

(A) Acolloid

(B) Anemulsifier

(C) Alubricant

(D) Asolute

17 Thediagramshowswaterdropletsonaleaf.

Water droplets

Whatisthemainreasonfortheshapeofthewaterdropletsontheleaf?

(A) Waterisrepelledbynaturaloilsontheleaf.

(B) Thereisgravitationalattractionbetweenwatermolecules.

(C) Repulsiveforcesareprovidedbysurfactantsdissolvedfromtheleafsurface.

(D) Attractiveforcesexistbetweenwatermoleculesonthesurfaceofthedroplets.

18 The diagram shows energy transformations that occur during the transmission of aperson’svoiceusingradio.

P Q R S TEncoder

Soundenergy

Electricalenergy

Electricalenergy

Electricalenergy

Electricalenergy

Soundenergy

Electro-magneticenergy

WhichofthefollowingcorrectlyidentifiesTWOcomponentsofthissystem?

(A) R–Antenna,T–Speaker

(B) Q–Antenna,R–Decoder

(C) P–Microphone,Q–Decoder

(D) P–Speaker,T–Microphone

–8–

19 Which of the following Venn diagrams correctly classifies the different types ofcommunication?

Verbal Non-verbal

Poetry Photoof face

Roadsigns

Verbal Non-verbal

Trafficlights BooksPoetry

Verbal Non-verbal Verbal

(A) (B)

(C) (D) Non-verbal

Mobilephones

Photoof face

Mobilephones

RoadsignsBooks

Trafficlights

20 Thediagramshowsacross-sectionoftheheart.

Bicuspid valve

Whatwouldhappenifthebicuspidvalvefailstocloseproperly?

(A) Theleftventriclewouldnotfillwithblood.

(B) Toolittlebloodwouldbepumpedoutoftheleftventricle.

(C) Toomuchbloodwouldbepumpedoutoftherightatrium.

(D) Oxygenatedanddeoxygenatedbloodwouldmixintheheartchambers.

©2015BoardofStudies,TeachingandEducationalStandardsNSW

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Centre Number

Student Number


Senior Science

Section I (continued)

Part B – 55 marksAttempt Questions 21–31Allow about 1 hour and 40 minutes for this part

Answerthequestionsinthespacesprovided.Thesespacesprovideguidancefortheexpectedlengthofresponse.

Question 21 (3marks)

(a) Whyisthermographyusedasadiagnostictool?

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(b) OutlineONEdisadvantageofusingthermographyasadiagnostictool.

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Relate TWO properties of electromagnetic waves to their usefulness in specificcommunicationsystems.

2

1

4

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© 2015 Board of Studies, Teaching and Educational Standards NSW

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Centre Number

Student Number

2672


(a) Whyarearticulatingendsofartificialjointscoveredinpolyethylene?

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(b) Describe the properties of superalloys that make them useful in artificialjoints.

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Senior Science

Section I – Part B (continued)

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Whatimpacthasthemobilephone’scapacitytocarrydifferenttypesofinformationhadonsociety?

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Centre Number

Student Number

2673


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Senior Science


–14–


(a) Acleanbeakercontained200mLofpurewater.ApHsensorwasplacedinit.Laundrydetergentwasaddedadropatatime.ThemixturewasstirredandthepHwasmeasured.

The Effect of Laundry Detergent on pH of Water

9.5

9.0

10.0

10.5

pH

Number of drops of laundry detergent

11.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(i) DrawalineofbestfitonthegraphandshowhowyouwouldestimatethepHwhen6dropsoflaundrydetergentwereadded.

ThepHwouldbe .................................

(ii) ExplainwhydatafromthisgraphcouldnotbeusedtopredictthepHofamixtureof200mLofpurewaterand100dropsoflaundrydetergent.

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(iii) Whywoulditbeinappropriatetousethisdetergenttowashyourhands?

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Question 25 continues on page 15

2

2

2

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Question25 (continued)

(b) The pH of four shampoos (Pear, Apple, Rose and Citrus) was measured andgraphed.

5.6

Pear Apple Rose

Shampoos

pH of Shampoos

pH

Citrus

5.8

6.0

EvaluatetheusefulnessofthisgraphinpredictingthepHofafifthshampoo.

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End of Question 25

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Centre Number

Student Number

2674


Contrastthecodingsystemsofcompactdiscs(CDs)andAMradio.

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Senior Science


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(a) Definethetermmicroflora.

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(b) WhatistherelationshipbetweenmicrofloraandthepHofskin?

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(c) Explaintheeffectthatbodysoapscanhaveontheactionofmicroflora.

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–19–

Centre Number

Student Number

2675


(a) Outlineaninvestigationthatcanbeconductedtoidentifyindividualaspectsthatmakeupaheartbeat.

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(b) Accountfortheobservationsmadeduringthisinvestigation.

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Senior Science


–20–


Ionisationofadrugchangesitsneutralmoleculesintoachargedform.

pH of surroundings

Percentageof aspirinmolecules

ionised

0 7 140

100

Rate ofabsorption

Percentage of aspirinmolecules ionised

0 100

High

Low

Graph 1 Graph 2

Basedonthesegraphs,inwhichpartofthedigestivesystemisaspirinabsorbedmostrapidlyafteritisswallowed?Justifyyouranswer.

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Centre Number

Student Number

2676


Thediagramshowsthelocationsoftwocommunicationsatellites.

Satellite 1

Satellite 236 000 km

36 000 km

91.5°E 152°E

Equator

NOT TOSCALE

Accountforthelocationsofthesesatellites.

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Senior Science


–22–


AnalysewhyknowledgeaboutstructuresandfunctionsofthebodyisnecessaryinthedesignanduseofONEmedicationandONEbionicdevice.

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Senior Science

Section II

25 marksAttempt ONE question from Questions 32–36Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Answerparts(a)–(b)ofthequestioninSectionIIAnswerBooklet1.Answerparts(c)–(d)ofthequestioninSectionIIAnswerBooklet2.Extrawritingbookletsareavailable.

Pages

Question32 Polymers.......................................................................................24

Question33 PreservativesandAdditives.........................................................25

Question34 Pharmaceuticals............................................................................26

Question35 Disasters.......................................................................................27

Question36 SpaceScience...............................................................................28

–24–

Question 32 — Polymers (25marks)

Answerparts(a)–(b)inSectionIIAnswerBooklet1.

(a) (i) WhatisONEuseforthepolymerPVC? 1

(ii) State TWO properties of PVC that make it useful for the purposeidentifiedinpart(i).

2

(b) (i) A student wants to compare the thermal insulation capacities of woolandcottonfibres.

(1) Writeahypothesissuitableforthisinvestigation. 2

(2) Describeavalidandreliableprocedurethatcouldbeusedtotestthishypothesis.

4

(ii) RelateTWOpropertiesofwool,otherthanthermalinsulation,toitsuse. 3

Answerparts(c)–(d)inSectionIIAnswerBooklet2.

(c) Students investigated the amount of plastic thrown out at their school. Theycountedandweighedtheitemsandcollectedthefollowingdata:

20waterbottles6kg,125fruitjuicecontainers5kg,55piecesofclingwrapplastic0.5kg,375foodbarwrappers1.8kg,70drinkingstraws0.4kg

(i) Presentthedatainanappropriatetable. 3

(ii) Theitemsandtheirmassesaretobegraphed.

Justifyasuitabletypeofgraphforrepresentingthedata.Useasketchofthegraphtoclarifyyouranswer.

3

(d) Assesstheeffectsofnaturalandsyntheticpolymersontheenvironment. 7

–25–

Question 33 — Preservatives and Additives (25marks)


(a) (i) NameONEtypeoffoodadditivethatisNOTapreservative. 1

2 (ii) StateTWOeffectsoffoodadditives.

(b) (i) A student wants to compare the shelf lives of ultra-high temperature(UHT)milkandpasteurisedmilk.



4

(ii) ExplainhowTWOphysicalmethods,otherthanUHTandpasteurisation,limittheeffectsofmicroorganisms.

3


(c) Students collected the following data from a range of cosmetics. The datarepresents the percentage of water and volume of alcohol respectively in100mLofeachproduct.

shampoo70%and2mL,moisturiser60%and8mL,mouthwash75%and20mL,deodorant30%and5mL,perfume20%and75mL


(ii) Theproductsandtheirwatercontentaretobegraphed.


3

(d) Assesstheroleofgovernmentlegislationinlabellingandregulatingingredientsinfoodproducts.

7

–26–

Question 34 — Pharmaceuticals (25marks)


(a) (i) Identifytheprocessbywhichbacteriareproduce. 1

(ii) StateTWOlimitationsofpenicillinintreatingbacterialinfections. 2

(b) (i) A student wants to compare the rates at which aspirin capsules andenteric-coated aspirin tablets dissolve in the conditions found in thestomach.



4

(ii) ExplainTWOwaysinwhichaspirinrelievespain. 3


(c) Studentscollectedthefollowingdatafromaninvestigationintothetimetakenfordifferentbacteriatodoubleinnumberatdifferenttemperatures.

S. aureus28minutesat37°C,E. coli 21minutesat40°C,L. acidophilus80minutesat30°C,B. subtilis 26minutesat42°C,C. perfringens10minutesat35°C


(ii) Thebacteriaandthetimetakenforthemtodoubleinnumberaretobegraphed.


3

(d) Analyse the role of the circulatory system in both the transportation ofpharmaceuticalsandthebody’snaturalresponsetodisease.

7

–27–

Question 35 — Disasters (25marks)


(a) (i) IdentifyONEtypeoffireextinguisher. 1

(ii) StateTWOresponsibilitiesofamanagerwithregardtofireextinguishersinaworkplace.

2

(b) (i) Astudentwants tocompare thespeedsatwhichgumleavesandpineneedlesburn.



4

(ii) ExplainTWOmethodsusedtoreducetheriskassociatedwithbushfires. 3


(c) StudentscollectedthefollowingdataaboutthedatesandnumberofdeathsfromnaturaldisastersthathaveoccurredinAustralia.

Brisbanefloods(2010)35deaths,Newcastleearthquake(1989)13deaths,Thredbolandslide(1997)18deaths,Victoriabushfire(2009)173deaths,Darwincyclone(1974)71deaths


(ii) Thedisastersandthenumbersofdeathsaretobegraphed.


3

(d) Analysetherelationshipbetweenthedamagetotheenvironment,thelocationoftheepicentreandthethreedifferentwavesthatareproducedbyearthquakes.

7

–28–

Question 36 — Space Science (25marks)


(a) (i) During which part of a space mission would solid rocket boosters beused?

1

(ii) StateTWObenefitsofusingspaceshuttlesforthereturnofastronautstoEarth.

2

(b) (i) Astudentwantstodeterminewhetherdisruptiontosleepcyclesincreasesastronauts’reactiontimes.

(1) Writeahypothesissuitableforthisinvestigation.

2


4

(ii) Explain TWO problems, other than disruption to sleep cycles, thatastronautsfacewhileinspace.

3


(c) Students collected the following data when investigating the number ofastronautsandthedurationindaysrespectivelyofdifferentspacetransportationsystem(STS)missions.

STS-131,7and15days;STS-132,6and12days;STS-133,6and13days;STS-134,6and16days;STS-135,4and13days


(ii) Themissionsandtheirdurationaretobegraphed.


3

(d) Analysetherolesofspaceprobesandtelescopesingatheringdifferenttypesofinformationaboutthesolarsystem,galaxiesanddeepspace.

7

End of paper

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2015 hsc senior science - board of studies · alcohol (77%), water, fragrance ... technology used...

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