2015 ballarat crop updates-optimising the impact of glyphosate
TRANSCRIPT
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Optimising the impact of glyphosate
- Glyphosate resistance- Factors affecting glyphosate performance- Improving glyphosate performance
Plant ScienceConsulting
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Glyphosate resistance
Winter weeds
Year
Nu
mb
er o
f p
op
ula
tio
ns
1996 2000 2004 2008 20120
100
200
300
400
500
600
Annual ryegrass
Wild radish
Red brome
Great brome
Summer weeds
Year
Nu
mb
er o
f p
op
ula
tio
ns
2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100 Barnyard grass
Liverseed grass
Fleabane
Windmill grass
Sowthistle
1996-2014 2007-2014
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Confirmed cases in Australia
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Where & why has glyphosate resistant ryegrass evolved?
Intensive use of glyphosate >15yr with little alternative weed control practices
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Uni of Adelaide random weed surveys between 2004-2014(Glyphosate resistance)
16%(2012)
1%(2013)
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Facts about glyphosate resistant weeds
• All growth stages are resistant- seedlings, pollen etc.
• Younger growth stages can be more sensitive.• Resistance transferred by pollen & seed• Progeny from survivors can be more resistant
(accumulation of mechanisms)
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Increasing the level of glyphosate resistance: mechanisms are additive
Surv
ival
(%)
TS
S
Translocation
Cross: Translocation + TS
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Reduced glyphosate efficacy
– Herbicide resistance (weak or strong)– Depends on type of resistance mechanism
• Target-site resistance: weak to strong (not common)• Increased expression of EPSP (brome)• Uptake and translocation/ sequestration (common)
– Depends on the nr of resistance mechanisms present in individuals
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Percent survival (%) of a selection of grower resistance tests from 2013 and 2014 treated with Glyphosate (540g ai/L). Data ranked according to percent survival at 1000ml/ha.
Different resistance profiles! Data courtesy of P. Boutsalis, Plant Science Consulting
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Reduced glyphosate efficacy
• The below factors are not independent of each other:– Treating older/ larger plants– Poor coverage sub-lethal rate
• Nozzles, water rates, calibration
– Stressed plants • temperature extremes, moisture, nutrition, pest damage
etc. affect translocation etc.• Reduced efficacy at high temperatures (better effect
spraying high 20oC’s than 30oC’s)
– Dust covering leaves sub-lethal effect
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Improving glyphosate efficacy
– Increased glyphosate rates can aid in buffering the effect of:• Treating older plants
• stressed plants
• high temperatures
• Poor coverage
• Dust covering leaves
– Increased glyphosate rates can improve control of HR individuals.
– Avoid using higher rates unless a resistance test confirms effective.
– Do not let glyphosate resistant individuals set seed to avoid
accumulation of resistance mechanisms.
– Rotate from glyphosate even if no resistance (paraquat products/
residuals eg. bromacil along fencelines/ non-cropped areas).
– Test for glyphosate resistance (several rates) important.
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Quick-Test: Survivors resistant ??
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Glyphosate resistance testing
• Seed Testing from 2014:– 275 ryegrass samples & 251 Glyphosate testing
requests (91%)– Data not available on % resistant samples
• Seed Testing from 2013:– 305 ryegrass samples & 232 Glyphosate testing
requests (76%)– 71% exhibited glyphosate resistance
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Plant ScienceConsulting
1000ml/ha 1500ml/ha
Glyphosate 540g ai/L
1000ml/ha 1500ml/ha
Survivors to 1000ml/ha indicates low-level glyphosate resistance
which is becoming common
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Are survivors always Glyphosate resistant?
Paraquat mixtures, bromacil
2L/ha Glyphosate
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Control of Glyphosate -R ryegrass on a fence line in Kapunda SA with herbicide mixtures-
2013Fenceline was sprayed in late winter, 2013
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Kapunda SA, 2013
At sprayingUntreated
Uragan 3kg/ha + Basta 5 L/haUragan 3kg/ha + Paraquat 2 L/ha
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Life Impact The University of Adelaide
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Life Impact The University of Adelaide
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Life Impact The University of Adelaide
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Life Impact The University of Adelaide
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Life Impact The University of Adelaide
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Life Impact The University of Adelaide
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The End
Plant ScienceConsulting