2015 12 26 - traditional clustered enterprises of afghanistan - a synthesis

7/23/2019 2015 12 26 - Traditional Clustered Enterprises of Afghanistan - A Synthesis

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#048('$ /.,)*34) *0 ('/43&)3 3##(/(3'/1H /43&*3 C0-)H &'B #&/(.(*&*3 >4(P&*3X>,-.(/ >&4*'34)%(>) #04 .0/&.

3/0'08(/ B3P3.0>83'*@ A%3 USF75 >40$4&8 () &(83B &* &..0?('$ d3'*34>4()3) *0 0P34/083 *%3(4

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5*%34) %&P3 &4$,3B *%&* *%3 /0'/3'*4&*(0' 0# 3'*34>4()3) &'B *%3 >43)3'/3 0# ),>>04*('$ (')*(*,*(0') ('

& /.,)*34 /&' -3 /0'B,/(P3 *0 -,)('3))X43.&*3B /004B('&*(0' &'B ('/43&)3B *4,)*@;:

F' $3'34&.H &'B (' .('3

?(*% 8,/% 0# *%3 /0'P3'*(0'&. ?()B08 (' 3/0'08(/)H &' 3'*34>4()3 .0/&*3) ?%343 (* 8&L3) *%3 80)*

3/0'08(/ )3')3 $(P3' (*) N('/08>.3*3O L'0?.3B$3 &-0,* *%3 8&4L3* #04 (*) >40B,/*) 04 )34P(/3)H .(8(*3B

&//3)) *0 & >00. 0# &>>40>4(&*3.1 )L(..3B ?04L34)H &'B 0*%34 ('>,*) ),/% &) *00.) &'B /&>(*&.@;;

F' 0*%34

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g =m.P3.. ? 5@ N9::cON K.,)*34) n [&.&'/('$ TP0.,*(0'&41 &'B K0')*4,/*(P3 G04/3)@ N=*0/L%0.8R FP041 A0?34

+,-.()%34)O@h G04 *%3 /&)3 0# "#$%&'()*&'H )33 "++25 N9:;9OH &P&(.&-.3 #408R %**>Raa&>>40@04$@&#a*4&B(*(0'&.X3/0'08(/X

/.,)*34)X('X%34&*a &'B "++25 N9:;<OH &P&(.&-.3 #408R %**>Raa&>>40@04$@&#a43)(.(3'/3X&'BX/0'#.(/*X/.,)*343BX

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&'B *%,) >40P(B3) *%3 ('/3'*(P3 #04 *%3 /.,)*343B 3'*34>4()3) *0 (''0P&*3@;9

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)*43'$*%3'('$ $3'34&*(0')X0.B *4&B(*(0'&. /.,)*34) 0# E==T)@

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,'B34)*&'B('$ 0# /.,)*34 B3*348('&'*)H *%3 0>34&*('$ 3'P(40'83'*H &'B *%3 (')*(*,*(0'&. )*4,/*,43)

*%40,$% ?%(/% /.,)*343B 3'*34>4()3) 04$&'(63 *%38)3.P3) N04 &43 04$&'(63BO@ E3*%0B0.0$(/&..1H ('XB3>*%

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#0,4 13&4)H #408 9:;: *0 9:;`@

;9 +04*34H E@T@ N;cchO@

;` F>(4&'$&H "@=@2@H E@j@K@E@ G&4(&H &'B E@"@ "804(8 N9::hOH d=0/(&. A3/%'0.0$1 #04 E0-(.(6&*(0' 0# M0/&.

+40B,/*(P3 "44&'$383'*)R " +40>0)&. #04 ">>.(/&-(.(*1eH (' +,>>(8 B3 +.(P3(4&H V@"@ N3B@OH J<H,'6/.H 8$2#)",# '.6

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E@+@ &'B 2@ 2&-3..0*( N3B)@O N;ccgOH 7.)",<,/#" 8$2#)",# '.6 E")B0,># /. F"G"$0</.H 802.),/"# NM0'B0'R G4&'L

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CA F.&4'$')'37

A%3 ,'(* 0# &'&.1)() (' *%() 43)3&4/% () *%3 /.,)*34 0# 8(/40 &'B )8&..X)(63B 3'*34>4()3) NE==T)OH )%&4('$

),>>.1 )0,4/3)H >40B,/*(0' &/*(P(*(3)H >34)0''3.H &'B 8&4L3*)@ ") ),/%H &.. *%3)3 3'*34>4()3)

)(8,.*&'30,).1 /0..&-04&*3 &'B &43 /0XB3>3'B3'* -,* *%31 &.)0 /08>3*3 &$&(')* *%3(4 0?' /.,)*34

838-34) &'B 0*%34)@ "' E==T *1>(/&..1 38>.01) -3*?33' ` *0 ;: ('B(P(B,&.) ('/.,B('$ *%3 0?'34 &'B

*%3 &>>43'*(/3N)O@

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/.3&4 P&.,3 &BB('$ #3&*,43) &'B & 43&)0'&-.3 B3$433 0# >40B,/*(0' )0>%()*(/&*(0' &) 3b38>.(#(3B ('

/&4>3'*41H (40' 80'$34('$H &'B 43>&(4('$ 3.3/*4(/ &'B 83/%&'(/&. /&>(*&. $00B) ),/% &) #4(B$3) &'B

&,*080-(.3)@ A%() 43)3&4/% B(B '0* ('/.,B3 )34P(/3 0//,>&*(0') ),/% &) ('*34>43*('$ &'B *4&').&*('$ #04

?%(/% *%343 () 8,/% '33B #04 )*&'B&4B(6&*(0' &'B *4&('('$@ A%() 43)3&4/% &.)0 3b/.,B3B /0')*4,/*(0'

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*4&B3) )3.3/*3B #04 *%() 43)3&4/%H *%0,$% &4$,&-.1 &) (8>04*&'*@

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&) #0..0?)R

!"#$%&'( *&+,&- n 23.3P&'* B0/,83'*) 0' *%3 *4&B(*(0'&. #048) 0# ('B,)*4(&. 04$&'(6&*(0' ('

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&) *%3 -&)() 0' ?%(/% *0 B3)($' *%3 ),4P31 Y,3)*(0''&(43) N)33 -3.0?O@

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Z&'B&%&4 K(*1@ A%3 /.,)*34 *1>3) ?343 F40'80'$34) NDOH A(')8(*%) NÒH ",*0 E3/%&'(/) NÒH E0*04/1/.3

83/%&'(/) N;OH 23#4($34&*04 *3/%'(/(&') NÒH K&4>3'*34) NÒH 74(3B #4,(*) &'B ',*) >40B,/34) &'B 43*&(.34)

N9OH =(.L ?3&P34) N;OH A&(.04) N;OH =&##40' >40B,/34) N;OH M3&*%34 8&L34) N;OH \&'B/4&#*) X WKF0F N;OH 2&B(0

q Aj *3/%'(/(&') N;OH &'B [33L33>34) N;O@ A%433 0# *%3 /.,)*34) ?343 8&B3 ,> 3'*(43.1 0# ?083'X0?'34)

04 0>34&*04)R =&##40' >40B,/34) (' \3&4*H B4(3B #4,(* &'B ',* >40B,/34) (' Z&-,.H &'B \&'B/4&#*) n WKF0F

(' Z&-,.@ A0 0-*&(' )*&*()*(/&. 43>43)3'*&*(P3'3)) *%3 ',8-34 0# /4&#*)>34)0') &'B &>>43'*(/3) ?343

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A%3 ;:r

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&))0/(&*(0'O@ =3'#)H &'C08&')H *%3 3*3%&B(& 43>43)3'*('$ *%38H &'B *%3 )3'#)] /0')*(*,3'* -,)('3))3)

%&P3 >34)()*3BH )083 #04 %,'B43B) 0# 13&4) &'B B3)>(*3 *%3 43/,44('$ >34(0B) 0# *,480(. &'B (')*&-(.(*1H

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/0..3/*3B 0' ',8340,) /.,)*34) &/40)) "#$%&'()*&' () *%&* L'0?.3B$3 () >4&/*(/&..1 '0'3b()*3'* 0' *%3

40.3 0# )3'#) ?%(.3 .(**.3 () L'0?' &-0,* &'C08&') &'B *%3 '&*(0'&. 3*3%&B(&H 0*%34 *%&' *%3 #&/* *%&*

*%31 3b()*@

A%343 &43 ',8340,) /.,)*34) 0# (40'80'$34)H /&4>3'*34)H /&4>3* ?3&P34)H -,*/%34)H #,4'(*,43 8&L34)H

83/%&'(/)H &$4(X#00B >40/3))34) a 43*&(.34)H >4('*34)H *&(.04)H &'B >0**341 ?04L)%0>) (' &.. ,4-&' &'B >34(X

;<

A%3 )&8>.3 )(63) ?343 /&./,.&*3B ,)('$ *%3 #0..0?('$ )*&'B&4B #048,.&)R .sE I

aNNEX;O7 9

t I O ?%343 . () )&8>.3 )(63H E

() *%3 >0>,.&*(0' )(63H I () & /03##(/(3'*H &'B 7 () *%3 8&4$(' 0# 34404@ E&4$(' 0# 34404 7 () /&./,.&*3B &)R

7 s=Y4*oNE X .O I

a.NEX;Op K03##(/(3'* I () /&./,.&*3B &)R NÒ I s 1 N%a;::O

9, N;::X, O ?%343 1 N

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N%3,". @A S'T."(#(8. 6&",8&,". '1 F66/-

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(40'80'$34 &'B -3.0'$('$ *0 *%3 (40'80'$341 *4&B3@ =3'#) &43 43>43)3'*3B &* *%3 '&*(0'&. .3P3.*%40,$% ")"&'6/' #".(/ @

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43Y,(4383'* #04 &'C08&' 838-34)%(> () *%3 >&183'* 0# & 80'*%.1 838-34)%(> #33 0# -3*?33' `: *0

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