20140102 geothermal hydro and ocean wave
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
1/23
Introduction of Geothermal,
Ocean and Hydro Power
Jiun-Jih Miau
Department of Aeronautics and
Astronautics
National Cheng Kung University
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
2/23
The Geothermal Resource
Below the Earth's crust, there is a layer of hot and molten rock
called magma. Heat is continually produced there, mostly fromthe decay of naturally radioactive materials such as uranium and
potassium. The amount of heat within 10,000 meters (about
33,000 feet) of Earth's surface contains 50,000 times more
energy than all the oil and natural gas resources in the world
Enhanced geothermal system
1:Reservoir
2:Pump house
3:Heat exchanger
4:Turbine hall
5:Production well
6:Injection well
7:Hot water to district heating
8:Porous sediments
9:Observation well
10:Crystalline bedrock
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
3/23
How Geothermal Energy Is Captured
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-
choices/renewable-energy/how-
geothermal-energy-works.html
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
4/23
The largest geothermal system now in operation is a steam-driven
plant in an area called the Geysers, north of San Francisco,
California
Today, owned primarily by California- utility Calpine and with a net
operating capacity of 725 MW, the Geysers facilities still meets nearly
60 percent of the average electrical demand for California's North Coast
region (from the Golden Gate Bridge north to the Oregon border)
http://www.geysers.com/img/geothermal_lg.gif
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
5/23
Turbines are designed to operate with steam at 350 degrees
Fahrenheit and 100 ponds of pressure per square inch. About two
million pounds of steam per hour are necessary to operate a 110-megawatt-generating unit. After passing through the turbine, spent
steam goes through a condenser where it is cooled and turns back
into water. With existing technology, Calpine recycles
approximately 25 percent of the water back into the steam
reservoir with the remainder lost to evaporation
A panoramic view of the
Geysers geothermal power
plant in Geysers, Calif. Thesite, located above Santa
Rosa, is the largest
geothermal development in
the world.
(From Google search)
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
6/23
The Geysers is a complex of 22 geothermal powerplants, drawing steam from more
than 350 wells, located in the Mayacamas Mountains 72 mi (116 km) north of San
Francisco, California. The largest in the world, the Geysers has 1517 MW of active
installed capacity with an average production factor of 63% (955 MW). Calpine
Corporation operates and owns 19 of the 22 active plants in the Geysers and iscurrently the United States' largest producer of geothermal energy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Geysers
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
7/23
Geothermal Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Indonesia
1. Geothermal power in Indonesia is an increasingly significant source
ofrenewable energy. As a result of its volcanic geology, Indonesiahas 40% of the
world's potential geothermal resources, estimated at 28,000 megawatts (MW).
2. Currently Indonesia is the world's third largest geothermal electricity producer
after the United States and the Philippines. Installed production capacity (2011) is
almost 1,200 MW from six geothermal fields in Java, North Sumatra andNorth Sulawesi. In 2007, geothermal energy represented 1.9% of the country's
total energy supply and 3.7% of its electric power.
3. At the 2010 World Geothermal Congress in Bali, President Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono announced a plan to build 44 new geothermal plants by 2014, morethan tripling capacity to 4,000 MW. By 2025, Indonesia aims to produce more
than 9,000 MW of geothermal power, becoming the world's leading geothermal
energy producer. This would account for 5% of Indonesia's total energy needs.
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
8/23
Geothermal Taiwan
http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aall/201306250017.aspx
Geothermal energy challenging but worth trying
Taiwan is rich in geothermal resources and should make
better use of geothermal energy despite its limited
production at present
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
9/23
Environmental effects
-Dissolved gas
-Hot water from geothermal sources may hold in solution trace amountsof toxic elements
-Direct geothermal heating systems contain pumps and compressors,
which may consume energy from a polluting source.
-Plant construction can adversely affect land stability.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy#Environmental_effects
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
10/23
Marine energy or marine power(also sometimes referred to
as ocean energy or ocean power) refers to the energycarried by ocean waves, tides, salinity, and ocean
temperature differences. The
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_energy
Marine current poweris a form of marine energy obtained
from harnessing of the kinetic energy of marine currents, such
as the Gulf stream.
Osmotic poweror salinity gradient poweris the energy
available from the difference in the salt concentration betweenseawaterand river water.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) uses the temperature
difference between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface ocean
waters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the formof electricity.
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
11/23
Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropowerthat
converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power - mainly
electricity.
Tidal stream generators (or TSGs) make use of the kinetic energy
of moving water to power turbines, in a similar way to wind turbines
that use wind to power turbines.
Tidal barrages make use of the potential energy in the
difference in height (or head) between high and low tides.
Dynamic tidal power (or DTP) is an untried but promising
technology that would exploit an interaction between
potential and kinetic energies in tidal flows.
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
12/23
The Oyster wave device is one of the marine renewable energy systems
tested at EMEC. Image courtesy of Aquamarine Power.
EMEC, the Orkney based European
Marine Energy Centre,
http://www.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.maritimejournal.com/__data/assets/image/0016/143152/01_Renewables_EMEC.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.maritimejournal.c
om/news101/marine-renewable-energy/guidelines_agreed_for_marine_energy_development&h=800&w=1600&sz=345&tbnid=rgAOiUgsEyT6gM:&tbnh=66&tbnw=132&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmarine%2Benergy%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=marine+energy&usg=__3ITtuHI8aQaJ40dK_s_cHyfeNiw=&hl=en-
TW&sa=X&ei=0A_PUNuJMKybmQXOk4GwAQ&ved=0CCQQ9QEwAQ
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
13/23
Scottish Government has awarded a share of 7.9 million pounds to five major
marine energy companies to build wave and tidal energy prototypes.
http://www.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://blog.visas2unitedkingdom.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/uk-blog.jpg&imgrefurl=http://blog.visas2unitedkingdom.com/m
arine-energy-companies-get-7-9-billion-pounds-from-
government&h=400&w=450&sz=62&tbnid=xGbuq280pBTg7M:&tbnh=90&tbnw=101&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmarine%2Benergy%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=mari
ne+energy&usg=__FDDyXWsSr0wBBFTOD5Swzf0Hx0c=
&hl=en-TW&sa=X&ei=yg7PUI7BFO7jmAXs_oDgBA&ved=0CCYQ
9QEwAg
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
14/23
http://www.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://powershift.anetce.com/tidal_turbines.jpg&imgrefurl=http://powershift.anetce.com/tidal.htm&h=294&w=400&sz=42&tbnid=zucAXxA7KIr3CM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=122&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmarine%2Benergy%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=marine+energy&usg=__MR5UCX
kcTZfXFMZJeSZsErQ5q8c=&hl=en-TW&sa=X&ei=0A_PUNuJMKybmQXOk4GwAQ&ved=0CCgQ9QEwAw
Marine Current Turbines Ltd (MCT)
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
15/23
Wells turbine
http://www.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.see.murdoch.edu.au/resources/info/Tech/wave/image002.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.see.murdoch.edu.au/resources/info/Tech/wave/index.html&h=503&w=387&sz=24&tbnid=iv_gR3XdvjugXM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=66&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dwells%2Bturbine%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=we
lls+turbine&usg=__7aadP9ZWS4iwjamrNLOHG6XOIic=&hl=en-TW&sa=X&ei=yxPPUP7uOIeemQX_goGAAw&ved=0CCoQ9QEwBQ
Oscillating Water Column
The Oscillating Water Column (OWC)
generates electricity in a two step
process. As a wave enters the column,it forces the air in the column past a
turbine and increases the pressure
within the column. As the wave retreats,
the air is drawn back past the turbine
due to the reduced air pressure on theocean side of the turbine (see Figures
1a and 1b). Irrespective of the airflow
direction, the turbine (referred to as a
Wells turbine, after its inventor) turns in
the same direction and drives agenerator to produce electricity.
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
16/23
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
17/23
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity is the term referring toelectricity generated by hydropower; the
production of electrical power through the
use of the gravitational force of falling or
flowing water. It is the most widely used
form of renewable energy, accounting for
16 percent of global electricity
consumption,
The Gordon Dam in Tasmania is a
large hydro facility, with an
installed capacity of 430 MW.
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
18/23
Most hydroelectric power comes
from the potential energy of
dammed water driving a waterturbine and generator. The power
extracted from the water depends
on the volume and on the difference
in height between the source and
the water's outflow. This height
difference is called the head. The
amount of potential energy in water
is proportional to the head. A large
pipe (the "penstock") delivers water
to the turbine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity#Conventional_.28dams.29
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
19/23
A typical turbine and generator
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity#Conventional_.28dams.29
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
20/23
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_run-of-the-river_hydroelectric_power_stations
The Chief Joseph Dam, USA
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no
reservoir capacity, so that the water coming from upstream must be used
for generation at that moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam.
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
21/23
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg
The Three Gorges Dam is the largest operating
hydroelectric power station, at 22,500 MW.
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
22/23
http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/File:Grand_Coule
e_Dam.jpg
Grand Coulee Dam is a gravity dam on the Columbia Riverin the U.S. state of
Washington built to produce hydroelectric power and provide irrigation. It was
constructed between 1933 and 1942, originally with two power plants. A thirdpower station was completed in 1974 to increase its energy production. It is the
largest electric power-producing facility in the United States[3] and one of the
largest concrete structures in the world. (6.8 GW)
-
8/12/2019 20140102 Geothermal Hydro and Ocean Wave
23/23
-22.5
50-8581 1137.165MW
http://www.taipower.com.tw/TaipowerWeb//upload/files/32/d255.pdf