2014 beltwide: time of day influence on control of palmer amaranth by dicamba tank mixes
DESCRIPTION
2014 Beltwide: Time of Day Influence on Control of Palmer Amaranth by Dicamba Tank Mixes. Culpepper, Eure, Grey, Fowler. Managing Off-Target Movement. 2012 Georgia Fruit and Vegetables. Approximately 200,000 acres 45 different crops 3rd in U.S. vegetable production acres - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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2014 Beltwide: Time of Day Influence on Control of Palmer Amaranth by Dicamba Tank Mixes
Culpepper, Eure, Grey, Fowler
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Managing Off-Target Movement
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2012 Georgia Fruit and Vegetables
• Approximately 200,000 acres• 45 different crops• 3rd in U.S. vegetable production acres• Farm Gate Value: $1,200,000,000
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Percentage of Time Wind is < 10 MPHMay 1 – June 30, 2012*
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Liberty Treatments (32 oz/A)
1 hr before sunrise 6 hr before sunset
½ hr before sunrise 4 hr before sunset
At sunrise 2 hr before sunset
½ hr after sunrise 1 hr before sunset
1 hr after sunrise ½ hr before sunset
2 hr after sunrise At sunset
4 hr after sunrise ½ hr after sunset
6 hr after sunrise 1 hr after sunset
Study 1: Morning Study 2: Evening
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0
20
40
60
80
100
48 d
34 e 39 de
1 hr before sunrise
66 c
Palmer Control by Liberty System as Influenced by Time of Day. Late-Season in GA, LA, MS, NC, TN.
Time of Day Liberty was Applied
%
93 a90 ab82 b
93 a
1/2 hr before sunrise
1 hr after
sunrise
2 hr after
sunrise
4 hr after
sunrise
6 hr after
sunrise
sunrise 1/2 hr after
sunrise
*Liberty POST 1 (5” Palmer), Liberty POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
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Liberty Application Time of Day; Morning Application; GA
2 hr or after
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0
20
40
60
80
10099 a99 a 99 a
6 hr before sunset
99 a
Palmer Control by Liberty as Influenced by Time of Day. Late-Season in GA and NC.
Time of Day Liberty was Applied
%
69 c
91 b97 a
64 c
4 hr before sunset
1/2 hr before sunset
sunset 1/2 hr after
sunset
1 hr after
sunset
2 hr before sunset
1 hr before sunset
*Liberty POST 1 (5” Palmer), Liberty POST 2 (18 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
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Liberty Application Time of Day; Evening Application; NC 20122 weeks after second POST application
2 hr before sunset 1 hr before sunset
1/2 hr before sunset 1 hr after sunset
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Time of Day Influence on 2,4-D
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Treatments
2,4-DRU + 2,4-D
LibertyLiberty + 2,4-D
Herbicides 1 AM7 AM1 PM7 PM
Time
2,4-D 1 qt/A; Roundup Wmax 1 qt/A; Liberty 29 oz/A
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0
20
40
60
80
100
78 a
41 b 37 b
76 a
Palmer Control by 2,4-D Systems. Macon County, 2011 and 2012.
Time of Day 2,4-D Applied
%
7 PM
POST 1 (5-8” Palmer), POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
1 PM7 AM1 AM
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0
20
40
60
80
100
93 a
32 b 39 b
89 a
Palmer Control by RU + 2,4-D Systems. Macon County, 2011 and 2012.
Time of Day RU + 2,4-D Applied
%
7 PM
POST 1 (5-8” Palmer), POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
1 PM7 AM1 AM
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0
20
40
60
80
100
95 a
25 c
37 b
99 a
Palmer Control by Liberty Systems. Macon County, 2011 and 2012.
Time of Day Liberty Applied
%
7 PM
POST 1 (5-8” Palmer), POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
1 PM7 AM1 AM
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0
20
40
60
80
100
96 a
57 b
93 a99 a
Palmer Control by Liberty + 2,4-D Systems. Macon County, 2011 and 2012.
Time of Day Liberty + 2,4-D Applied
%
7 PM
POST 1 (5-8” Palmer), POST 2 (15 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby
1 PM7 AM1 AM
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2,4-D w/ glyphosate fb2,4-D w/ glyphosate
7 AM
2,4-D w/ glyphosate fb2,4-D w/ glyphosate
1 PM
GR Palmer Control
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2,4-D w/ glufosinate fb 2,4-D w/ glufosinate
7 AM
2,4-D w/ glufosinate fb 2,4-D w/ glufosinate
1 PM
GR Palmer Control
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Palmer Response to Dicamba
Clarity + RoundupClarity + Liberty
Herbicides 5 AM
6:30 AM8 AM
9:30 AM11 AM
Time
Clarity 12 oz; Roundup WMAX 32 oz, Liberty 32 oz
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Palmer Response to Dicamba
Clarity + RoundupClarity + Liberty
Herbicides 5 AM
6:30 AM8 AM
9:30 AM11 AM
Time
Clarity 12 oz; Roundup WMAX 32 oz, Liberty 32 oz
Liberty and WMAX at 5 and 11 AM
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0
20
40
60
80
100
89 a
74 b 72 b
5 AM
90 a
Palmer Control by Dicamba Mixes as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT.
Time of Day RU + Clarity Applied
%
93 a
6:30 AM 11 AM8 AM 9:30 AM
Palmer: 4 to 7 inch
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0
20
40
60
80
100
89 a
74 b 72 b
5 AM
90 a
Palmer Control by Dicamba Mixes as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT.
Time of Day RU + Clarity or Liberty + Clarity Applied
%
93 a
6:30 AM 11 AM8 AM 9:30 AM
59 c 64 c
92 a 94 a 91 a
Palmer: 4 to 7 inch
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5:00 AM 6:30 AM
Roundup + Clarity
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8:00 AM 9:30 AM
Roundup + Clarity
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0
20
40
60
80
100
26 b
5 AM
Palmer Control by Liberty as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT.
Time of Day Liberty Applied
%
11 AM
84 a
Palmer: 4 to 7 inch
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0
20
40
60
80
100
16 b
5 AM
Palmer Control by Roundup as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT.
Time of Day Roundup Applied
%
11 AM
56 a
Palmer: 4 to 7 inch
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0
20
40
60
80
100
16 b
5 AM
Palmer Control by Roundup as Influenced by Time of Day. Macon 2013. 20 DAT.
%
11 AM
56 a
HIGHLY RESISTANT POPULATION
Time of Day Roundup Applied
Palmer: 4 to 7 inch
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8 AM 11 AM
Roundup WeatherMax
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Humidity Temperature (air and soil) Moon Sunlight Clouds Leaf orientation Dew (herbicide drip) Soil moisture
Environmental Conditions Measured
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Leaf Closure Prior to Sunrise
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14C Cooperative Efforts:Bayer : glufosinate
Dow : 2,4-DMonsanto: dicamba
(results late Jan)
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Questions/Comments