2013sampleassessmentreport(2)

Audit Report for Sample Facility

January 7, 2013

Contents

1. Facility Overview

o Utility Overview

o EUI and ENERGY STAR

o General Facility Comments

o Energy and Water Use History

2. Building Envelope

3. Building Energy Model

4. Heating, Cooling, Ventilation

5. Lighting

6. Domestic Water

7. Plug loads and Other

8. Opportunity Detail Summary

9. Appendix

o HVAC Terms

o Lighting Terms

o Rebates

Opportunity Summary

Based on the audit performed, below are the prioritized recommendations, energy cost savings, and estimated costs. Details on each item can be found later in the report.

Name

Annual Savings ($)

Estimated Cost

Estimated Payback

Energy/Water Savings

1 Compact Fluorescents $1,146 $100 0.1 Years 9,319 kWh

2 Add Motion Sensors to appropriate areas

$215 $135 0.6 Years 1,745 kWh

3 Retrofit HID Lights with CFL

$2,430 $1,920 0.8 Years 19,761 kWh

4 Low Flow Faucets (0.5 GPM)

$305 $250 0.8 Years 2,482 kWh 34,625 Gal

5 Replace insulation on HVAC refrigerant lines

$277 $250 0.9 Years 2,250 kWh

6 Insulate hot water

pipes $306 $450 1.5 Years 2,487 kWh

7 Install Programmable Thermostats

$474 $700 1.5 Years 3,855 kWh

8 Install High-Efficiency Water Heater

$917 $1,595 1.7 Years 7,458 kWh

9 Low Flow Showerheads $561 $1,000 1.8 Years 4,563 kWh 63,647 Gal

10 Energy Star Washing Machine

$497 $1,800 3.6 Years 4,043 kWh

11 Update Exit Signs to

LED Lamps $261 $1,050 4.0 Years 2,124 kWh

12 Walk-In Cooler Heat Recovery

$1,184 $5,000 4.2 Years 9,630 kWh

13 High Performance T8 to T8 Lighting Retrofit

$569 $5,610 9.9 Years 4,623 kWh

$9,143 $19,860 2.2 Yrs

Note: The costs are estimates only, and it is highly recommend you get actual bids from qualified contractors before deciding to pursue any of these recommendations.

01. Facility Overview

Facility Name Sample Facility

Address Nowhere-in-

Particular

City, State Atlanta - GA

Year Built 2000

Overall Square Feet

13,123

Utility Overview

Cost Consumption Resources and Emissions

Utility Last 12 Months

Average Month

Last 12 Months

Average Month

CO2 lbs Coal lbs

Electric $35,150 $2,929 285,800 kWh

23,817 kWh

426,985 142,900

Natural Gas

$2,784 $232 2,087 CCF 174 CCF

25,168 0

Total $37,934 $3,161

452,153 142,900

EUI and Energy Star

This comparison shows how your building compares to other buildings similar to yours based on EPA commercial buildings database.

Energy Use Intensity (EUI): Building's energy use relative to its size, typically calculated as kBtu / Sq-Ft

EUI Average EUI Energy Star Rating

90 77 N/A

This building does not fit one of the space-type categories available in Target Finder. A combination of office, dormitory, and school space-types were used to generate the typical Energy Use Intensity (EUI) for a comparable building. Based on the EUI generated by Target Finder, this building uses 25 percent more energy than a comparable building.

When all of the floor area is assessed as a dormitory, this building receives an Energy Star Rating of 15/100. When assessed as an office, it receives a score of 25/100. This building is operated differently from a typical office or dormitory, but the Energy Star Ratings stated above suggest that the energy efficiency of this building could be greatly improved. An average rating would be 50/100, and a very efficient building would be in the 90’s.

Energy and Water Usage History

The graph below shows the average consumption per monthly billing period for electricity, natural gas, and water (if applicable). The red line shows the average temperature for the month in which the billing period occurred, showing any correlation between outside conditions and consumption.

Electricity

Natural Gas

Off Hour Usage Analysis

Energy consumed when the building is largely unoccupied is referred to as off-hour consumption. Reducing off-hours consumption through better controls (e.g. HVAC and lighting) and better occupant engagement can have a large impact on energy consumption in buildings.

The off-hours electricity usage analysis for this building is based on the following schedule

Schedule Name

Mon (hrs) Tue (hrs) Wed (hrs)

Thu (hrs) Fri (hrs) Sat (hrs) Sun (hrs)

Main Schedule

6am - 11pm (17)

6am - 11pm (17)

6am - 11pm (17)

6am - 11pm (17)

6am - 11pm (17)

6am - 11pm (17)

6am - 11pm (17)

Service End

Usage Peak Demand (kW)

Total Cost

Monthly Hours

Off Hour Consumption (%)

Meter: Electric

10/4/2010 27,400 68 $2,900 544 0 (0%)

11/3/2010 20,400 62 $2,494 510 0 (0%)

12/4/2010 21,200 68 $2,541 527 0 (0%)

1/5/2011 29,800 120 $3,085 544 0 (0%)

2/4/2011 29,200 82 $3,315 510 0 (0%)

3/6/2011 22,200 70 $3,661 510 0 (0%)

4/4/2011 19,800 62 $2,751 493 0 (0%)

5/5/2011 19,800 56 $2,751 527 0 (0%)

6/5/2011 25,800 68 $3,243 527 0 (0%)

7/5/2011 29,800 74 $3,502 510 0 (0%)

8/4/2011 30,400 70 $3,501 510 1,840 (6%)

9/5/2011 33,000 70 $3,661 544 2,536 (8%)

Total 308,800

$37,405

4,376 (1%)

Note: Average load is conservatively estimated to be 80% of peak demand Roughly 0% percent of the electricity consumed by this building is consumed during off-hours. Due to long operating hours, this building has very little off hour consumption.

02. Building Envelope

The building envelope consists of the walls, windows, doors, and roofs. It is the first line of defense against the flow of water, air, and heat into or out of the building. A well-sealed and insulated building will require

less energy to heat and cool the space, in addition to protecting building components and the comfort of building occupants.

In an existing building, substantially upgrading the envelope components can be very expensive, and it may not be warranted due to energy savings alone. If a renovation is planned that will be adding space or dramatically changing the current space, this is the time to look at upgrading all building components.

Envelope Terms

R-Value: A measure of the resistance to heat flow, or how well the material keeps heat in (winter) or keeps

heat out (summer). This is used to rate insulation types/levels in walls, roofs, and other building envelope components. A higher R value means better insulation performance, and lower heat transfer.

U-Value: A measure of the transmittance of heat flow, or how well a material conducts heat. It is often used for windows and is the inverse of R-value (U = 1/R). A lower U-value means better performance.

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): A property of glass that describes the amount of heat gain from the sun, which increases energy consumption in the summer months when you are trying to keep the building cool. The SHGC can range from 0 to 1, with 0 being no solar heat gets in, while 1 would allow in all of the

solar heat. External shading from overhangs, trees, or other objects will block this solar heat gain before it comes through the windows or warms up the surface of a wall or roof.

Air Infiltration: A term describing outside air that comes into conditioned spaces. This can come through poor seals on doors and windows, connections between envelope components, and often is driven by

exhaust and supply fans. This can dramatically increase conditioning costs, since air that moves around or through insulation renders the insulation ineffective. The consequences for air infiltration are especially severe in humid climate zones, such as the Southeast. Humid air carries water into the building, which can damage envelope components and building systems in addition to encouraging mold growth.

Envelope Components

Walls

The steel stud walls have fiberglass batt insulation installed in the stud cavities. This does not meet current energy code, as it requires an additional R3.8 continuous foam insulation outside of the studs. This is to prevent "thermal bridging", which is where the steel studs conduct significant amounts of heat, bypassing the cavity insulation. This can reduce a R13 insulated wall to an effective R7 or less. Note: the installation quality of the insulation is not able to be determined when they are covered, and are assumed to be at 80%.

Orientation Length Height Sq Ft Total R Value Shading

North 136 24 2,976 13.99 20%

North 31 24 744 13.99 20%

South 136 24 2,272 13.99 10%

South 31 24 744 13.99 10%

East 70 24 1,264 13.99 10%

East 12 24 288 13.99 10%

West 70 24 1,264 13.99 30%

West 12 24 288 13.99 30%

Wall Material Thickness (in) R Value

1. Brick 4 0.8

2. Plywood/OSB Sheathing 0.625 0.8

3. Fiberglass Batts 3.5 11.7

4. Air Gap 0.5 0.2

5. Drywall 0.625 0.6

Comments

Moisture Issues

The supply registers on the third floor are surrounded by dirt (or perhaps mold). This indicates that water is condensing from the air onto the cold supply register and the surrounding drywall due to high humidity levels in the building.

The humidity level was measured in the Large Assembly (Chapel) room and found to be 63.3 percent relative humidity at 77.2 F. Typical humidity levels for commercial buildings are roughly 50 percent RH during cooling mode. High humidity levels are caused by air infiltration into the building. Air that leaks through a building's thermal envelope is called air infiltration. Air infiltration raises heating/cooling costs and has a detrimental impact on occupant comfort. This is especially true for humid

climate zones, such as the Southeast. Buildings with large amounts of air infiltration may also experience mold growth and damage to building components. Air infiltration can be prevented by constructing an air tight building. All windows, doors, and envelope penetrations must be thoroughly sealed. Special attention should be given to sealing the junctions between the wall and roof/ceiling. The exhaust hood is also driving air infiltration. It should be used only when cooking is taking place. A blower door test is required by Georgia's new residential energy code. A blower door test can be used to determine the actual amount of air infiltration that is occurring through the building envelope. A residential blower door test costs around $300 for a single-family home. Air leaks can be diagnosed manually or with the help of an infrared camera. For additional information about blower door testing see the following link: http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/energy_audits/index.cfm/mytopic=11190.

Windows

Orientation Qty Length Height Sq Ft Shading

South 1 8 5 40 30%

West 7 2.5 8 140 20%

North 5 3 6.5 97 30%

South 31 3 6 558 30%

West 10 3 6.5 195 20%

East 8 3 5 120 30%

West 2 5.5 4.5 49 20%

North 3 2.5 6 45 20%

East 5 3 6 90 30%

West 3 3 6 54 20%

North 4 5.5 7 154 30%

North 3 2.5 4.5 33 20%

Window Type R Value SHGC

Single Pane Wood Frame 0.8 0.80

Comments

Repair Stuck Window

One of the windows in the Laundry Room appears to be damaged and unable to be closed. There is a shoestring tied to the window that prevents it from swinging fully open. This window should be repaired, so that it can be fully closed. Leaving a window cracked open will increase heating/cooling costs and may cause moisture issues due to the infiltration of humid air.

Single Pane Windows

This facility has single pane windows. A significant portion of the heating/cooling loads for this building occur through the windows. Unfortunately, these windows cannot be removed due to the historical status of this building.

Some of the windows have been covered with acrylic material to prevent the windows from being damaged. The acrylic cover likely adds some insulation value and resistance to solar heat gain.

Roof

The current location of roof insulation is above the roof deck, underneath the waterproof layer. This is the best place for the insulation in this building type, but the levels may not be adequate. Current energy code prescriptively recommends R20 of continuous insulation on the roof. Continuous typically means a rigid foam insulation layer that is either underneath or on top of the waterproof layer.

Length Width Sq Ft Total R Value Shading

50 118 4,840 30.9475 0%

Roof Material Thickness (in) R Value

1. Asphalt Shingles 0.125 0.0

2. Rigid Foam - Extruded Polystyrene 6 30.0

3. Metal Deck 2 0.0

4. Fiberglass Batts 0 0.0

5. Ceiling Tile (cellulose) 0.625 0.9

Comments

Air Seal Roof Penetration

The refrigerant pipes for the heat pump systems enter the building through a roof cap, then travel down a

short chase to the ceiling above the second floor den area. This roof cap is not air-sealed: Daylight is visible when looking at the piping chase from above the ceiling. This unsealed roof penetration is almost certainly the source of the moisture that is causing condensation to occur on the second floor supply diffusers and exacerbating the water damage resulting from the uninsulated sections of refrigerant piping above the ceiling. The roof penetration should be thoroughly sealed with expanding spray foam to prevent air infiltration.

03. Building Energy Model

The current envelope components and equipment of the building were captured, and the building operating schedules were applied to the equipment in an energy model. This model allows an estimate of the amount

of energy and water needed to run the building and how the various components and systems contribute to the total usage.

This "expected" usage is then compared to the "actual" consumption from the utility bills. A "difference" is then shown, showing the discrepancy between the two.

A goal when setting up the model is targeting the way the building could and should operate, based on the information communicated by facility staff. This often creates a difference between the model and utility bill that is intentional. For example, if the assumption is that most all lighting in the building is off after hours, then that is what is modeled. If, in reality, substantial lighting is not actually being turned off, that will show up in the "difference".

Targeting the model to the expected operations is intentional for two reasons:

1. Setting a goal that future operations can use the model as a performance target, moving towards the "expected" usage

2. Recommendations are based on desired runtimes for equipment, not excessive or wasteful usage

Building models will never match actual consumption completely, as the systems and interactions in buildings can be complex. The primary reasons for the incomplete match are:

• Equipment is running differently than expected (after-hours usage, incorrect HVAC programming, lights left on when areas are unused, etc...)

• Equipment needs to run longer than the expected schedule (e.g. air infiltration, new operating hours, etc...)

• Modeling HVAC systems will vary in real time to various loads, which are difficult to capture exatly

(e.g. VFD controls, reheat, air infiltration, etc...)

• Actual equipment efficiency/capacity does not match rated efficiency/capacity

• Equipment was not captured during the audit, and thus not registered in the model

Electricity

Meter: Electric

Equipment Type Demand (kW ) Avg Monthly Consumption Avg Annual Consumption

Motor Equipment 19 2,260 27,125

Lighting 19 7,000 83,999

Office Equipment 3 716 8,591

Air Handlers 4 641 7,688

Kitchen (Electric) 22 2,917 35,005

Misc Electrical 19 72 864

Heat Pump 40 5,290 63,483

Water Heating 54 2,047 24,559

Total Model 180 20,943 251,315

Total from Bills 82 23,817 285,800

Difference -98 (-120%) 2,874 (12%) 34,485 (12%)

Natural Gas

Meter: Natural Gas

Equipment Type Avg Monthly Consumption Avg Annual Consumption

Kitchen (Gas) 165 1,982

Total Model 165 1,982

Total from Bills 174 2,087

Difference 9 (5%) 105 (5%)

Water

Meter: Water

Equipment Type Avg Monthly Consumption Avg Annual Consumption

Bathroom Fixtures 22 267

Laundry 0 2

Total Model 22 268

Total from Bills 0 0

Difference -22 (0%) -268 (0%)

This building is not currently billed for water, and hence; water historical water consumption cannot be displayed.

04. Heating and Cooling Overview

HVAC: An acronym that stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. HVAC systems serves three main purposes for any building: thermal control (heating and cooling), humidity control, and ventilation. For a glossary of HVAC terminology, see the appendix at the end of this report.

System Overview

Primary System Type: Split System Air Conditioner

Primary Heating Source: Heat Pump

Cooling

AC Unit Quantity Capacity

(tons)

Total Capacity (tons)

Power

(kW)

Total Power (kW)

Equipment

Age

Efficiency

Rating Notes

Area: First Floor

HPU-1 1 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 8 yrs (2005)

9.0 EER/COP

Carrier 38YCC060

HPU-2 1 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 8 yrs

(2005)

9.0

EER/COP

Carrier

38YCC030

HPU-3 1 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 8 yrs (2005)

9.0 EER/COP

Carrier 38YCC030

HPU-4 1 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 8 yrs (2005)

9.0 EER/COP

Carrier 38YCC060

Area: Second Floor

HPU-5 1 4.0 4.0 4.8 4.8 8 yrs (2005)

9.0 EER/COP

Carrier 38YCC048

RTU-1 (HP Condenser)

1 4.0 4.0 4.8 4.8 8 yrs (2005)

11.0 EER/COP

Carrier 50TFQ005

RTU-2 (HP

Condenser) 1 3.0 3.0 3.6 3.6

8 yrs

(2005)

9.0

EER/COP

Carrier

50TFQ004

Area: Third Floor


1 4.0 4.0 4.8 4.8 8 yrs (2005)

9.0 EER/COP

Carrier 50TFQ005


1 3.0 3.0 3.6 3.6 8 yrs (2005)

9.0 EER/COP

Carrier 50TFQ004

Total 9

33 tons

40 kW

Heating - Electric

Heating Unit

Quantity Capacity (Btu/hr)

Total Capacity

(Btu/hr)

Power (kW)

Total Power

(kW)

Equipment Age

Efficiency Rating

Notes

Area: First Floor

HPU-1 1 60,000 60,000 6 6 8 yrs (2005)

9 EER/COP

Carrier 38YCC060

HPU-2 1 30,000 30,000 3 3 8 yrs (2005)

9 EER/COP

Carrier 38YCC030

HPU-3 1 30,000 30,000 3 3 8 yrs (2005)

9 EER/COP

Carrier 38YCC030

HPU-4 1 60,000 60,000 6 6 8 yrs

(2005)

9

EER/COP

Carrier

38YCC060

Area: Second

Floor

HPU-5 1 48,000 48,000 5 5 8 yrs (2005)

9 EER/COP

Carrier 38YCC048


1 48,000 48,000 5 5 8 yrs (2005)

11 EER/COP

Carrier 50TFQ005


1 36,000 36,000 4 4 8 yrs (2005)

9 EER/COP

Carrier 50TFQ004

Area: Third Floor

RTU-3 (HP

Condenser) 1 48,000 48,000 5 5

8 yrs

(2005)

9

EER/COP

Carrier

50TFQ005


1 36,000 36,000 4 4 8 yrs (2005)

9 EER/COP

Carrier 50TFQ004

Total 9

396,000 Btu/hr

40 kW

Supply Air and Ventilation

Outside air ventilation through the HVAC system is necessary in order to deliver fresh air to the occupants and remove/dilute contaminates. There is additional energy consumption when introducing outside air, as the outside temperature and humidity usually do not match the desired space conditions inside.

Ventilation requirements are set by the current ventilation standard ASHRAE 62.1-2007 based on the characteristics of the space such as use, the number of expected occupants, and the square footage. Sample space types and ventilation rates can be found in the appendix.

Equipment Summary

The supply air equipment, capacity, and outside air capacity can be found below:

Air Handler

Quantity Capacity (CFM)

Outside Air % (CFM)

Total Capacity (CFM)

Power (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Equipment Age

Notes

Area: First Floor

AHU-1 1 2,000 15% (300)

2,000 0.8 0.6 8 yrs (2005)

Carrier FB4BN060-10

AHU-2 1 1,000 20%

(200) 1,000 0.3 0.2

8 yrs

(2005)

Carrier FB4BN030-10

AHU-3 1 1,000 20%

(200) 1,000 0.3 0.2

8 yrs

(2005)

Carrier FB4BN030-10

AHU-4 1 2,000 15%

(300) 2,000 0.8 0.6

8 yrs

(2005)

Carrier FB4BN060-10

Make-Up Air KSF-1

1 2,640 100% (2,640)

2,640 0.5 0.4 8 yrs (2005)

Greenheck BSQ-160

Area: Second Floor

AHU-5 1 1,600 16% (256)

1,600 0.8 0.6 8 yrs (2005)

Carrier FB4BN060-10

RTU-1 (Supply Fan)

1 1,600 10% (160)

1,600 0.8 0.6 8 yrs (2005)

Carrier 50TFQ005

RTU-2 (Supply Fan)

1 1,200 10% (120)

1,200 0.3 0.2 8 yrs (2005)

Carrier 50TFQ004

Area: Third Floor

RTU-3

(Supply Fan)

1 1,600 10% (160)

1,600 0.8 0.6 8 yrs (2005)

Carrier 50TFQ005

RTU-4

(Supply Fan)

1 1,200 10% (120)

1,200 0.3 0.2 8 yrs (2005)

Carrier 50TFQ004

Total 10

4,456

CFM

15,840

CFM 4 kW

HVAC Comments

HPU-2 - Replace Refrigerant Piping Insulation

The insulation covering the refrigerant piping is damaged for many of the condensing units. Damaged insulation results in a loss of cooling capacity and a decrease in energy efficiency. Replacing the damaged insulation will reduce energy consumption during the cooling season. New or undamaged insulation on the exterior of the building should be painted with a protective coating to protect the insulation from the elements.

HPU-1 - Water Damage from Uninsulated Refrigerant Piping

The den and corridor on the second floor have water-damaged ceiling tiles. The culprit of the water damage was found to be uninsulated refrigerant piping running above the drop ceiling. Water is condensing from the moist air onto the cold refrigerant suction lines and causing the water damage. The bottom photograph shows a section of refrigerant piping with insulation missing (it is actually in one of the mechanical rooms, but it was easier to get a good picture). The refrigerant piping should be repaired to prevent further damage and reduce premature heat transfer into the refrigerant piping. The refrigerant piping chase should also be thoroughly air sealed to prevent the infiltration of humid outside air.

HVAC Recommendations

Replace insulation on HVAC refrigerant lines

Annual Savings ($) Estimated Cost Estimated Payback Energy/Water Savings

$277 $250 0.9 Years 2,250 kWh

Refrigerant lines run between the outside condensing unit of an air conditioner or heat pump, to the air

handler inside. These lines need to be insulated to maintain proper efficiency. Replace aging, cracked, or missing refrigerant line insulation. This can be easily self-installed, or be performed by your HVAC technician. 3/4" or thicker insulation is recommended.

Install Programmable Thermostats


$474 $700 1.5 Years 3,855 kWh

Programmable Thermostats allow you to set time periods for each day when the AC or heat should be on and at what temperature. Once programmed, the temperatures are automatically set by the thermostat. Units with adaptive, "smart," or "intelligent" recovery features reach desired temperatures by the set time,

since they learn how long temperature recovery takes based on your historical use. Set the desired temperatures only for the hours when the building is occupied, and then set the temperature back (called temperature setbacks) when unoccupied. Temperature setbacks can be 55 deg in the winter, and 90deg in the summer based on ASHRAE 90.1-2007 energy code. For most buildings, these temperatures would not be reached after hours. These can be adjusted if the occupied set temperature isn't being reached at the startup time.

Install High-Efficiency Water Heater


$917 $1,595 1.7 Years 7,458 kWh

Sample Facility provides housing for an average of 34 men. As a result, a large amount of hot water is required in order accommodate showering, laundry, dish washing, and other uses. Hot water is currently

supplied by a 50 gallon capacity water heater with an electric heating capacity of 54 kilowatts. Heating water with electric resistance heating elements consumes a large amount of electricity. Installing a high-efficiency water heater can reduce the cost of water heating by 35 to 60 percent. There are two options for installing a high-efficiency water heater, each having separate benefits and drawbacks: 1) Install a heat pump water heater. Heat pump water heaters use a refrigeration cycle in order to heat water by absorbing heat from the ambient air and rejecting it to the water. This method of water heating produces the same amount of heating with half the electricity consumption as a typical water heater. Heat pump water heaters also help to reduce cooling load in the building by absorbing heat from the ambient air.

Heat pump water heaters also contain electric resistance heating elements that heat the water in high-demand scenarios. As a result, the water heating capacity and recovery time will be roughly the same as the current water heater. However, electric demand may not be greatly reduced. A heat pump water heater will require few alterations to the building and can essentially be switched out for the current water heater. The costs and savings for this opportunity are based on installing a heat pump water heater. Costs are based on a Rheem HP50RH 50 gallon water heater. Equipment Cost: $1,295 (includes shipping)

Installation Cost: $300 Savings: $902 Payback: 1.8 years 2) Install a sealed-combustion gas water heater. This facility currently uses natural for the cooking purposes; and hence, natural gas service is provided to the building. More than 20 percent of the natural

gas bills are made up of base fees, which increases the effective price of natural gas (though it is still cheaper to cook with natural gas). Using natural gas for water heating would be substantially cheaper than heating with electric resistance and would help offset the base fees applied to natural gas service. It is recommended that a sealed-combustion gas water heater is installed, instead of a conventional, free-combustion water heater. Sealed-combustion water heaters (and furnaces) have an efficiency of around 95 percent and produce the same amount of heating as a conventional water heater while using 15 percent less natural gas. In addition, sealed combustion furnaces are safer to operate and do not require access to an exterior wall for combustion air. A sealed-combustion water heater will save roughly 60 percent on water heating costs and will offer the same (or quicker) recovery times as the current water heater. A gas water heater will offer additional

savings by lowering electric demand, since the current water heater has a very high electric demand (3 stages of 18 kilowatts). Lowering electric demand will decrease the electricity rate ($/kWh) by around 1.4 percent, assuming that peak demand is reduced by 18 kilowatts each month. Installing a gas water heater offers large cost savings, but the cost of the equipment is much higher and it requires the installation of gas piping and exhaust/intake flue piping. A gas water heater will have a longer payback period than a heat pump water heater but will offer greater cost savings and a long lifespan. Costs are based on the following water heater: American Water Heaters PGC3-50130-2NV Equipment Cost: $3,500 Installation Cost: $1,000

Savings: $1,746 Demand Savings: $530 Payback: 2.0 years

Walk-In Cooler Heat Recovery


$1,184 $5,000 4.2 Years 9,630 kWh

A strategy called waste heat recovery can also be used to improve the efficiency of refrigeration equipment

and reduce electricity consumed for water heating purposes. Air conditioners and refrigeration systems produce cooling by moving heat from the interior of the building and rejecting it to the exterior. The amount of heat transported by a refrigeration cycle is several times greater than the energy that is input into the system to provide cooling. With most air conditioning systems, this heat is not missed because there is little

use for it because the air conditioner operates only during warm weather and hot water needs are usually too small to justify the cost of the waste heat recovery system. A refrigeration system operates throughout the year; and hence, the heat rejected from the condensing units could be used to heat water throughout the year. The heat from the refrigeration system is captured from the hot refrigerant leaving the compressor by using water to absorb the heat in a device referred to as a desuperheater. A desuperheater also improves the efficiency of a refrigeration system by improving the efficiency of heat rejection. This hot water can then be used to substantially reduce the amount of electricity required for water heating. It is estimated that 50 percent of the hot water needs for this facility can be met with waste heat recovery from the walk-in cooler.

Costs for this opportunity are a rough estimate. Savings are based on the following ROI Calculator: http://www.hotspotenergy.com/heat-recovery-savings-calculator/calc-electric-cooler-freeezer.php.

05. Lighting Overview

Lighting Types and Costs

Type Average Fixture Wattage

Total kW

Annual Consumption (kWh)

Annual Cost

HID - Metal Halide 267 6.50 26,208 $3,223

T8 - 3 x 32w Lamp, 2x4 Parabolic Fixture

89 2.94 18,174 $2,235

Halogen Light 60 2.76 17,079 $2,100

Incandescent Light 70 2.22 13,737 $1,690

CFL - 1 x 17w Recessed

Downlight (Screw in) 17 1.46 9,004 $1,107

T8 - 2 x 32w Lamp, 2x4 Lensed Fixture

60 1.08 6,683 $822

T8 Lamp - Std - 32w 32 0.77 4,752 $584

CFL - Recessed Downlight - Other

26 0.75 3,606 $443

Exit Sign - Compact FL Bulb 10 0.30 2,621 $322

Lighting Power Density

Lighting power density (LPD) is a way of measuring the amount of installed lighting in a building, and is used as a metric to determine the lighting efficiency. It is defined as the amount of installed lighting power in watts divided by the square footage of the space or building (watts/sq-ft). A lower lighting power density, with appropriate lighting levels, will use less energy than a higher density.

Area Lighting Watts Sq Ft Watts/Sq Ft

Exterior 5,933 0 N/A

First Floor 6,535 5,015 1.30

Second Floor 4,360 5,353 0.81

Third Floor 1,953 2,755 0.71

Total 12,848 13,123 0.98

Note: lighting in exterior areas is excluded from the total calculations

Comparison to Lighting Energy Standard for a Building Type:

Building Area Method lighting power density

ASHRAE 90.1-2007, a generally accepted standard for minimum building design efficiency, defines the

lighting power density limits for for commercial buildings. The chart above shows the comparison of the audited building to the standard. This should be the maximum lighting density target of any lighting retrofit. Current lighting technology and strategies can achieve significant reductions below code requirements, ranging from 20-50%. The "High Performance" option in the chart above shows a 30% reduction below the energy standard.

There are two methods used to calculate lighting power density limits: Building Area Method and the Space-By-Space Method.

Building Area Method

This method takes all the building installed lighting power, and divides it by the building square footage. The resulting watts/sq ft are then compared to the LPD limits in the standard. For example, an office building has a limit of 1.0 watts/sq ft.

Space by Space Method

Each space can be matched to a space type in the standard, and the installed lighting power of that space is divided by the square footage of that space. Example space types can be found in the appendix at the end of the report.

Lighting Comments

Storage- T8-2L - Add Motion Sensors to Storage Closets

The lights were left on in several of the storage closets. Adding motion sensors to storage closets and other areas with variable occupancy will save electricity by turning the lights off when the room is unoccupied.

Corridor- CFL - Daylighting

The lights one of the first floor corridors were turned off at the time of the audit due to ample daylight being introduced through the windows. Illuminating spaces with natural daylight is an excellent strategy for saving energy.

Installing photosensors to automatically dim lights when sufficient daylight is available can help ensure that unnecessary lighting is not being provided by the artificial lights in daylit spaces.

Stair- HID Lights - Exterior Lighting Controls

The exterior lights on the stairwell and balconies are operating during daytime. Exterior lights should be controlled with a combination of a timer switch and photosensor in order to avoid daytime operation.

CFL Exit Sign - Install LED Exit Signs

Exit signs stay on at all times. The currently installed exits signs appear to use CFL lamps which draw around 10 watts. New, LED emergency exit signs draw 5 watts or less.

Lighting Upgrade Recommendations

Compact Fluorescents


$1,146 $100 0.1 Years 9,319 kWh

Compact fluorescent (CF) lamps use 1/3 to 1/2 of the power that a typical incandescent bulb does. They

also give off dramatically less heat, easing the load on your summer air conditioning. Typical replacement watts are as follows 23 watt CF = 100 Watt incandescent 17 watt CF = 75 watt incandescent 13 watt CF = 60 watt incandescent

Assigned Current

Equipment Area

Original

Qty

Current

Fix. Watts New Equipment

New

Fix. Watts

Mechanical Room- Incandescent Light

Incandescent Light

First Floor

1 60 W CFL - 1 x 17w Recessed Downlight (Screw in)

17 W

Cooler- Incandescent Light

Incandescent Light

First Floor


17 W

Restroom- Incandescent

Incandescent Light

Third Floor


17 W

Large Conference- Incandescent Light

Incandescent Light

First Floor


17 W

Add Motion Sensors to appropriate areas


$215 $135 0.6 Years 1,745 kWh

Dual technology motion sensors track movement and sound, and have become adept at knowing when

someone is in a room, regardless of whether in the line of sight. These replace normal light switches, and can turn off lights automatically based on a adjustable timer. These switches can work well in offices, conference rooms, restrooms, large storage closets, and other areas where occupancy is intermittent.

For most areas other than restrooms, the "Manual On" or "Vacancy Sensor" type of switch is recommended, where it will not turn on the lights automatically, but will turn them off automatically. This prevents unnecessary cycling of the lights, and ensures they are only on when someone wants them to be. Options are available for replacing the light switch with an integrated light switch motion sensor, or a separate sensor may be added that ties into the lighting circuit.

Switch costs range from $40-100, and can be self-installed with knowledgeable facility staff or by an electrician.

Assigned Current Equipment

Area Original Qty

Current Fix. Watts

New Equipment

New Fix. Watts

Restroom- T8-2L T8 - 2 x 32w Lamp, 2x4 Lensed Fixture

Third Floor

2 60 W

60 W

Storage- T8-2L T8 - 2 x 32w Lamp, 2x4 Lensed Fixture

First Floor

2 60 W

60 W

Storage- CFL CFL - Recessed Downlight - Other

Second Floor

2 26 W

26 W

Storage- CFL CFL - 1 x 17w Recessed Downlight (Screw in)

Third Floor

3 17 W

17 W

Restroom- CFL CFL - Recessed Downlight - Other

Second Floor

2 26 W

26 W

Restroom- CFL CFL - 1 x 17w Recessed Downlight (Screw in)

First Floor

2 17 W

17 W

Cooler- Incandescent Light

Incandescent Light First Floor

2 60 W

60 W

Restroom- CFL CFL - 1 x 17w Recessed Downlight (Screw in)

Third Floor

2 17 W

17 W

Storage- T8-2L T8 - 2 x 32w Lamp, 2x4 Lensed Fixture

Second Floor

1 60 W

60 W

Retrofit HID Lights with CFL


$2,430 $1,920 0.8 Years 19,761 kWh

HID lights are commonly used in high ceiling applications, parking garages, and exterior lighting, among

others. Higher wattage compact fluorescent lighting (CFL) can often be retrofitted to the existing HID fixture, and save 50-60% on energy consumption. Lighting distributors will carry the higher wattage CFL replacements, and additional supplies. A CFL with equivalent light output may have a different base that it sits in, but conversion bases are available. Additionally, the HID ballast will need to be electrically bypassed as it will no longer be used.


Area Original Qty

Current Fix. Watts

New Equipment New Fix. Watts

Stair- HID Lights

HID - Metal Halide

Exterior 10 300 W Compact Fluorescent - High Wattage

75 W

Exterior Lights

HID - Metal Halide

Exterior 10 250 W Compact Fluorescent - High Wattage

75 W

Stair- HID Lights

HID - Metal Halide

First Floor

4 250 W Compact Fluorescent - High Wattage

75 W

Update Exit Signs to LED Lamps


$261 $1,050 4.0 Years 2,124 kWh

Compact Fluorescent bulbs in Exit Signs use 13 watts, running 24/7. Newer LED replacement lamps only consume 5 watts, and will last up to 10 years.


Area Original Qty

Current Fix. Watts

New Equipment

New Fix. Watts

CFL Exit Signs

Exit Sign - Compact FL Bulb

First Floor

14 10 W Exit Sign - LED Bulb

5 W

CFL Exit Sign Exit Sign - Compact FL Bulb

Second Floor


5 W

CFL Exit Sign Exit Sign - Compact FL Bulb

Third Floor


5 W

Stair- CFL Exit

Exit Sign - Compact FL Bulb

Second Floor


5 W

High Performance T8 to T8 Lighting Retrofit


$569 $5,610 9.9 Years 4,623 kWh

High performance T8 lighting fixtures allow cost effective retrofits of standard T8 lighting. These newer

systems can reduce the overall fixture wattage by 20-40%, and reduce the heat load in the building, allowing the air conditioning to run less. An estimate for this cooling savings of 25% (of the T8 retrofit savings). Standard T8 lamps use 32 watts. Newer T8 lamps can now use 28 watts with similar light levels, saving an additional 12%. The additional costs for the 28w lamps will pay for themselves within the first year.

This assumes that 3 or 4 lamp T8 fixtures are replaced with new 2 lamp, 80%+ efficiency fixtures with high performance lamps (~3100 initial lumens) and either high (>1.0) or low (<.80) ballast factor electronic ballasts. When upgrading lights, it is important not to just swap out lamp for lamp, fixture for fixture. Each area should be evaluated against current energy code (ASHRAE 90.1-2007) on lighting power density, and then the appropriate number of lamps retrofitted. Some typical space lighting power densities are (in watts/sq ft): Office: 1.1 Conference Room: 1.3 Lobby: 1.3 Corridor: 0.5

Retail: 1.7 Classroom: 1.4

Well daylit areas should be considered for dimming ballasts/lamps and a photocell to control them. Areas

that are sporadically occupied (break rooms, conference rooms, restrooms) should have motion sensors installed to keep the lights off when unoccupied.

Assigned Current

Equipment Area

Original

Qty

Current

Fix. Watts New Equipment

New

Fix. Watts

Office- T8-3L


Second Floor

18 89 W T8 - 2 x 32w Lamp, 2x4 Parabolic Fixture

67 W

Kitchen- T8-3L


First Floor


67 W

Corridor- T8 T8 - 3 x 32w Lamp, 2x4 Parabolic Fixture

First Floor


67 W

06. Domestic Water Summary

Type Quantity Annual CCF Annual Cost

Shower Head - Std 2.5 GPM 10 208 $0

Faucet Standard - 2.2 GPM 10 59 $0

Total 0 267 $0

Domestic Water Upgrade Recommendations

Low Flow Faucets (0.5 GPM)


$305 $250 0.8 Years 2,482 kWh 34,625 Gal

The currently installed faucets use 2 GPM to 2.2 GPM. Low flow faucets can range from 0.5 to 1.5 GPM. This can save a significant amount of water when a faucet is regularly used. Purchase a 0.5 GPM faucet aerator or replacement fixture. Aerators can work well on most fixtures, but

should be tested before they are all replaced. If results are not acceptable with a new aerator, new 0.5 GPM fixtures work very well, though will be substantially more expensive to purchase and install. This facility does not currently pay water bills. Hence, the water savings resulting from this opportunity will not reduce utility costs resulting from water bills. However, low-flow fixtures also save hot water, which results in electricity savings due to lower hot water consumption. The electricity savings alone make this opportunity fairly attractive. If water bills are received in the future, then annual savings on water costs will be around $830.

Low Flow Showerheads


$561 $1,000 1.8 Years 4,563 kWh 63,647 Gal

Older showerheads often use up to 5 gallons per minute (GPM), while standard shower heads use 2.5 GPM.

Newer low flow showerheads can range from 1.0 to 2.0 GPM, and can save significant amounts of water when a shower is regularly used. Purchase a 1.5 GPM or less shower head and replace the existing one. Choosing one that has good reviews is recommended to ensure the replacement works comfortably. This often does not require a plumber, and can be performed by facility staff. If this is not feasible, a professional plumber can be used for installation. This facility does not currently pay water bills. Hence, the water savings resulting from this opportunity will not reduce utility costs resulting from water bills. However, low-flow fixtures also save hot water, which

results in electricity savings due to lower hot water consumption. The electricity savings alone make this opportunity fairly attractive. If water bills are received in the future, then annual savings on water costs will be around $1530.

07. Plug Loads and Other

Office Equipment Summary

Type Quantity Annual kWh Annual Cost

Computer - Desktop 12 4,769 $586

Computer Monitor - LCD 11 1,417 $174

TV - CRT Standard 4 644 $79

TV - LCD Large 3 604 $74

Computer Monitor - Regular 12 464 $57

Copier - Full Size 1 322 $40

TV - CRT Large 1 322 $40

Small Printer 3 48 $6

Total 0 8,591 $1,057

Water Heating Equipment Summary

Type Quantity Power Annual Cons Annual Cost

Water Heater - Std 1 54 kW 24,559 kWh $3,020

Total 1

$3,020

Elevator - Reduce Elevator Use

This facility has an elevator that is used very often in order to travel from one floor to another. This elevator is hydraulically powered and can carry a large amount of weight: 2,100 lbs. This large elevator has a 25 horsepower motor and no counterbalancing. As a result of the high frequency of use and large size, this elevator is estimated to consume $2,826 in

electricity annually. The seemingly obvious way to reduce elevator energy consumption would be to use the stairs instead. However, the stairs are on the exterior of the building which presents two major concerns: 1) Security issues caused by leaving the stairwell doors unlocked. 2) Negated energy savings and comfort issues due to air infiltration every time the stairwell doors are opened/closed Due to these two concerns, an operational policy of using the stairs may not be acceptable. There would certainly be some energy savings, even after the impact on heating/cooling costs is taken into account, though the precise cost balance is difficult to estimate.

Offices- Desktop - Computer Sleep Mode

Computer monitors and desktops were left running while not in use. Enabling computer monitor power save mode and desktop sleep mode will prevent unnecessary power consumption when computers are not in use.

Kitchen Exhaust KEF-1 - Kitchen Hood Shutdown

During the audit, the kitchen exhaust hood was left running while no cooking was taking place. Kitchen exhaust hoods are necessary to remove smoke and odors produced during cooking. Ensure that all kitchen hoods are turned off when cooking is not in progress. Kitchen hoods use energy when operated, and they may contribute to building moisture and pressurization issues that increase heating/cooling cost and may cause comfort issues.

Water Heater - Insulate Hot Water Piping

The hot water piping does not have any insulation. Adding insulation to hot water lines will reduce the amount of electricity consumed to heat the water and will enable water in the pipes to stay warm longer,

which may offer some water saving.

Plug Loads Upgrade Opportunities

Insulate hot water pipes


$306 $450 1.5 Years 2,487 kWh

Uninsulated hot water pipes lose heat much faster, and will require a higher hot water tank temperature to

maintain adequate temperature at the end use. Insulating the hot water lines leading from the tank, wherever they are accessible, is easy, inexpensive, and can allow the water temperature to be reduced at the tank. The cold water line should be insulated in the first 3 feet coming off the tank, reducing tank conductive losses. 3/4" or 1" insulation should be used in this application.

Energy Star Washing Machine


$497 $1,800 3.6 Years 4,043 kWh

This building consumes a large amount of water for washing clothing. There are currently three top-loading

washing machines installed. Top-loading washing machines consume around 40 gallons per load of laundry. Energy Star certified washing machines save more than 37 percent over standard washing machines. It is recommended that front-loading washing machines are installed because they wring out more water from clothing than top-loading washing machines. Additional energy is saved by extracting more water from the clothing than a top-loading machine, which allows clothes to be dried faster using less energy. Savings from reduced dryer usage were not included in the cost savings for this opportunity but may be quite large. Costs for this opportunity are based on three washing machines priced at $600 each. The savings for this

opportunity are based on the energy efficiency of a standard washing machine as compared to an Energy Star certified washing machine. See link below for more details. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=clotheswash.pr_crit_clothes_washers

08. Opportunity Detail Summary

Below is a summary table of all recommendations with savings and detailed notes.

Name

Annual Savings ($)

Estimated Cost

Estimated Payback


1 Compact Fluorescents $1,146 $100 0.1 Years 9,319 kWh

Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) use 1/3 to 1/2 of the power that a typical incandescent bulb does. They also give off dramatically less heat, easing the load on your summer air conditioning. Typical replacement watts are as follows 23 watt CFL = 100 Watt incandescent 17 watt CF = 75 watt incandescent 13 watt CFL = 60 watt incandescent

2 Add Motion Sensors to appropriate areas

$215 $135 0.6 Years 1,745 kWh

Dual technology motion sensors track movement and sound, and have become adept at knowing when someone is in a room, regardless of whether in the line of sight. These replace normal light switches, and can turn off lights automatically based on a adjustable timer. These switches can work well in offices, conference rooms, restrooms, large storage closets, and other areas where occupancy is intermittent.

For most areas other than restrooms, the "Manual On" or "Vacancy Sensor" type of switch is recommended, where it will not turn on the lights automatically, but will turn them off automatically. This prevents unnecessary cycling of the lights, and ensures they are only on when someone wants them to be. Options are available for replacing the light switch with a integrated light switch motion sensor, or a separate sensor may be added that ties into the lighting circuit.

Switch costs range from $40-100, and can be self-installed with knowledgeable facility staff or by an electrician.

3 Retrofit HID Lights with

CFL $2,430 $1,920 0.8 Years 19,761 kWh

HID lights are commonly used in high ceiling applications, parking garages, and exterior lighting, among others. Higher wattage compact fluorescent lighting (CFL) can often be retrofitted to the

existing HID fixture, and save 50-60% on energy consumption. Lighting distributors will carry the higher wattage CFL replacements, and additional supplies. A CFL with equivalent light output may have a different base that it sits in, but conversion bases are available. Additionally, the HID ballast will need to be electrically bypassed as it will no longer be used.

4 Low Flow Faucets (0.5 GPM)

$305 $250 0.8 Years 2,482 kWh 34,625 Gal

The currently installed faucets use 2 GPM to 2.2 GPM. Low flow faucets can range from 0.5 to 1.5 GPM. This can save a significant amount of water when a faucet is regularly used. Purchase a 0.5 GPM faucet aerator or replacement fixture. Aerators can work well on most

Name

Annual Savings ($)

Estimated Cost

Estimated Payback


fixtures, but should be tested before they are all replaced.

If results are not acceptable with a new aerator, new 0.5 GPM fixtures work very well, though will be substantially more expensive to purchase and install. This facility does not currently pay water bills. Hence, the water savings resulting from this opportunity will not reduce utility costs resulting from water bills. However, low-flow fixtures also save hot water, which results in electricity savings due to lower hot water consumption. The

electricity savings alone make this opportunity fairly attractive. If water bills are received in the future, then annual savings on water costs will be around $830.

5 Replace insulation on

HVAC refrigerant lines $277 $250 0.9 Years 2,250 kWh

Refrigerant lines run between the outside condensing unit of an air conditioner or heat pump, to the air handler inside. These lines need to be insulated to maintain proper efficiency. Replace

aging, cracked, or missing refrigerant line insulation. This can be easily self-installed, or be performed by your HVAC technician. 3/4" or thicker insulation is recommended.

6 Insulate hot water pipes $306 $450 1.5 Years 2,487 kWh

Uninsulated hot water pipes lose heat much faster, and will require a higher hot water tank temperature to maintain adequate temperature at the end use. Insulating the hot water lines leading from the tank, wherever they are accessible, is easy, inexpensive, and can allow the water temperature to be reduced at the tank. The cold water line should be insulated in the first

3 feet coming off the tank, reducing tank conductive losses. 3/4" or 1" insulation should be used in this application.

7 Install Programmable Thermostats

$474 $700 1.5 Years 3,855 kWh

Programmable Thermostats allow you to set time periods for each day when the AC or heat should be on and at what temperature. Once programmed, the temperatures are automatically

set by the thermostat. Units with adaptive, "smart," or "intelligent" recovery features reach desired temperatures by the set time, since they learn how long temperature recovery takes based on your historical use. Set the desired temperatures only for the hours when the building is occupied, and then set the

temperature back (called temperature setbacks) when unoccupied. Temperature setbacks can be 55 degrees in the winter, and 90deg in the summer based on ASHRAE 90.1-2007 energy code. For most buildings, these temperatures would not be reached after hours. These can be adjusted if the occupied set temperature isn't being reached at the startup time.

8 Install High-Efficiency Water Heater

$917 $1,595 1.7 Years 7,458 kWh

Sample Facility provides housing for an average of 34 men. As a result, a large amount of hot

water is required in order accommodate showering, laundry, dish washing, and other uses. Hot water is currently supplied by a 50 gallon capacity water heater with an electric heating capacity of 54 kilowatts. Heating water with electric resistance heating elements consumes a large amount of electricity. Installing a high-efficiency water heater can reduce the cost of water heating by 35 to 60 percent. There are two options for installing a high-efficiency water heater, each having separate benefits

and drawbacks:

Name

Annual Savings ($)

Estimated Cost

Estimated Payback


1) Install a heat pump water heater. Heat pump water heaters use a refrigeration cycle in order to heat water by absorbing heat from the ambient air and rejecting it to the water. This method of water heating produces the same amount of heating with half the electricity consumption as a typical water heater. Heat pump water heaters also help to reduce cooling load in the building by absorbing heat from the ambient air. Heat pump water heaters also contain electric resistance heating elements that heat the water in

high-demand scenarios. As a result, the water heating capacity and recovery time will be roughly the same as the current water heater. However, electric demand may not be greatly reduced. A heat pump water heater will require few alterations to the building and can essentially be switched out for the current water heater. The costs and savings for this opportunity are based on installing a heat pump water heater.

Costs are based on a Rheem HP50RH 50 gallon water heater. Equipment Cost: $1,295 (includes shipping) Installation Cost: $300 Savings: $902 Payback: 1.8 years

2) Install a sealed-combustion gas water heater. This facility currently uses natural for the cooking purposes; and hence, natural gas service is provided to the building. More than 20 percent of the natural gas bills are made up of base fees, which increases the effective price of natural gas (though it is still cheaper to cook with natural gas). Using natural gas for water heating would be substantially cheaper than heating with electric resistance and would help offset the base fees applied to natural gas service.

It is recommended that a sealed-combustion gas water heater is installed, instead of a conventional, free-combustion water heater. Sealed-combustion water heaters (and furnaces) have an efficiency of around 95 percent and produce the same amount of heating as a conventional water heater while using 15 percent less natural gas. In addition, sealed combustion furnaces are safer to operate and do not require access to an exterior wall for combustion air.

A sealed-combustion water heater will save roughly 60 percent on water heating costs and will offer the same (or quicker) recovery times as the current water heater. A gas water heater will offer additional savings by lowering electric demand, since the current water heater has a very high electric demand (3 stages of 18 kilowatts). Lowering electric demand will decrease the electricity rate ($/kWh) by around 1.4 percent, assuming that peak demand is reduced by 18 kilowatts each month.

Installing a gas water heater offers large cost savings, but the cost of the equipment is much higher and it requires the installation of gas piping and exhaust/intake flue piping. A gas water heater will have a longer payback period than a heat pump water heater but will offer greater cost savings and a long lifespan. Costs are based on the following water heater: American Water Heaters PGC3-50130-2NV

Equipment Cost: $3,500 Installation Cost: $1,000 Savings: $1,746 Demand Savings: $530 Payback: 2.0 years

Name

Annual Savings ($)

Estimated Cost

Estimated Payback


9 Low Flow Showerheads $561 $1,000 1.8 Years 4,563 kWh

63,647 Gal

Older showerheads often use up to 5 gallons per minute (GPM), while standard shower heads use 2.5 GPM. Newer low flow showerheads can range from 1.0 to 2.0 GPM, and can save

significant amounts of water when a shower is regularly used. Purchase a 1.5 GPM or less shower head and replace the existing one. Choosing one that has good reviews is recommended to ensure the replacement works comfortably. This often does not require a plumber, and can be performed by facility staff. If this is not feasible, a professional plumber can be used for installation.

This facility does not currently pay water bills. Hence, the water savings resulting from this opportunity will not reduce utility costs resulting from water bills. However, low-flow fixtures also save hot water, which results in electricity savings due to lower hot water consumption. The electricity savings alone make this opportunity fairly attractive. If water bills are received in the future, then annual savings on water costs will be around $1530.

10 Energy Star Washing Machine

$497 $1,800 3.6 Years 4,043 kWh

This building consumes a large amount of water for washing clothing. There are currently three top-loading washing machines installed. Top-loading washing machines consume around 40 gallons per load of laundry. Energy Star certified washing machines save more than 37 percent over standard washing machines. It is recommended that front-loading washing machines are installed because they wring out more water from clothing than top-loading washing machines. Additional energy is saved by extracting more water from the clothing than a top-loading

machine, which allows clothes to be dried faster using less energy. Savings from reduced dryer usage were not included in the cost savings for this opportunity but may be quite large. Costs for this opportunity are based on three washing machines priced at $600 each. The savings for this opportunity are based on the energy efficiency of a standard washing machine as compared to an Energy Star certified washing machine. See link below for more details. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=clotheswash.pr_crit_clothes_washers

11 Update Exit Signs to LED Lamps

$261 $1,050 4.0 Years 2,124 kWh

Compact Fluorescent bulbs in Exit Signs use 13 watts, running 24/7. Newer LED replacement lamps only consume 5 watts, and will last for for up to 10 years.

12 Walk-In Cooler Heat Recovery

$1,184 $5,000 4.2 Years 9,630 kWh

A strategy called waste heat recovery can also be used to improve the efficiency of refrigeration

equipment and reduce electricity consumed for water heating purposes. Air conditioners and refrigeration systems produce cooling by moving heat from the interior of the building and rejecting it to the exterior. The amount of heat transported by a refrigeration cycle is several times greater than the energy that is input into the system to provide cooling. With most air conditioning systems, this heat is not missed because there is little use for it because the air conditioner operates only during warm weather and hot water needs are usually too small to

justify the cost of the waste heat recovery system. A refrigeration system operates throughout the year; and hence, the heat rejected from the condensing units could be used to heat water throughout the year.

Name

Annual Savings ($)

Estimated Cost

Estimated Payback


The heat from the refrigeration system is captured from the hot refrigerant leaving the

compressor by using water to absorb the heat in a device referred to as a desuperheater. A desuperheater also improves the efficiency of a refrigeration system by improving the efficiency of heat rejection. This hot water can then be used to substantially reduce the amount of electricity required for water heating. It is estimated that 50 percent of the hot water needs for this facility can be met with waste heat recovery from the walk-in cooler. Costs for this opportunity are a rough estimate. Savings are based on the following ROI

Calculator: http://www.hotspotenergy.com/heat-recovery-savings-calculator/calc-electric-cooler-freeezer.php See links below for additional information. http://www.avspar.com/heatrecovery http://www.hotspotenergy.com/commercial-heat-recovery/

13 High Performance T8 to T8 Lighting Retrofit

$569 $5,610 9.9 Years 4,623 kWh

High performance T8 lighting fixtures allow cost effective retrofits of standard T8 lighting. These newer systems can reduce the overall fixture wattage by 20-40%, and reduce the heat load in the building, allowing the air conditioning to run less. An estimate for this cooling savings of of 25% (of the T8 retrofit savings).

Standard T8 lamps use 32 watts. Newer T8 lamps can now use 28 watts with similar light levels, saving an additional 12%. The additional costs for the 28w lamps will pay for themselves within the first year. This assumes that 3 or 4 lamp T8 fixtures are replaced with new 2 lamp, 80%+ efficiency fixtures with high performance lamps (~3100 initial lumens) and either high (>1.0) or low (<.80) ballast factor electronic ballasts. When upgrading lights, it is important not to just swap

out lamp for lamp, fixture for fixture. Each area should be evaluated against current energy code (ASHRAE 90.1-2007) on lighting power density, and then the appropriate number of lamps retrofitted. Some typical space lighting power densities are (in watts/sq ft): Office: 1.1

Conference Room: 1.3 Lobby: 1.3 Corridor: 0.5 Retail: 1.7 Classroom: 1.4 Well daylit areas should be considered for dimming ballasts/lamps and a photocell to control

them. Areas that are sporadically occupied (break rooms, conference rooms, restrooms) should have motion sensors installed to keep the lights off when unoccupied.

$9,143 $19,860 2.2 Yrs

09. Appendix

HVAC Terms HVAC: An acronym that stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. HVAC systems serves three main purposes for any building: thermal control (heating and cooling), humidity control, and ventilation. It is obvious that the heating and cooling system should provide thermal control, however, the importance of humidity control and ventilation are often overlooked. Humidity control is attained by condensing water from warm, humid air when it is cooled by the air conditioner. Avoiding excessive

humidity will prevent mold growth, prevent building or furniture damage, and assist in maintaining comfortable conditions. Ventilation is important because it dilutes contaminants within the building by bringing in fresh air, which protects the health of building occupants. Condensing Unit: A component of an HVAC system that rejects heat from the interior of the building to the exterior of the building. Some condensing units also have the ability to absorb heat from the exterior of the building and transport it to the interior of the building. These units are called heat

pumps. Air Handling Unit: A component of an HVAC system that moves air throughout the building with a fan in order to distribute heating or air conditioning. The air handling unit contains evaporator coils that absorb heat from the building to provide air conditioning. When paired with a heat pump condensing unit, the coils in the air handling unit are also able to provide heating by rejecting heat into the building. Air handling units that are not paired with heat pump condensing units typically contain a

gas-fired furnace or electric resistance heating elements in order to provide heating. Packaged Unit: A type of HVAC equipment that contains both the condensing unit and air handling unit in a single package. Split System: A type of HVAC system with a separate condensing unit and air handling unit. The

condensing unit is always located on the outside of the building and the air handling unit is located on the inside of the building. The condensing unit and air handling unit are connected by refrigerant piping and controls wiring. Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER): A measure of the cooling efficiency of an air conditioner at a designated condition (95 °F ambient temperature). It is the ratio of net cooling capacity in BTUs to the electrical energy input in watt-hours. A higher EER means that more cooling is produced for the same electrical

power consumption. Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER): A measure of the cooling efficiency of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage period for cooling. It is the ratio of net cooling capacity in BTUs to the electrical energy input in watt-hours. A higher SEER means that more cooling is produced for the same electrical power consumption.

Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE): A measure of the heating efficiency for a gas-fired furnace or boiler. It is a ratio of the annual output energy (heat into the building) to the annual input energy of fuel source. Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF): A measure of the heating efficiency of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating. It is the ratio of net heating capacity in BTUs to the

electrical energy input in watt-hours. A higher HSPF means that more heating is produced for the same electrical power consumption.

Lighting Terms

Lamp: A term used to describe any type of bulb or tube used to produce artificial lighting. Ballast: An electrical control device that regulates current and converts electricity into a form that

usable by fluorescent and High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps. All ballasts are not the same. It is the combination of lamps and ballasts that determine the power draw (watts) and light output (lumens) generated by a lighting fixture. Luminaire: Also known as a lighting fixture, it is a complete lighting unit composed of lamps, ballasts, and the lens or light distribution mechanism.

Lighting Power Density (LPD): It is a benchmark for measuring the installed lighting wattage, when compared to the building floor area. It is calculated by dividing the installed lighting wattage by the floor area in square feet and has units of watts/sq-ft. This includes all overhead lighting and permanently installed task lighting. Exterior lighting and process lighting, such as stage lighting, is excluded from the installed wattage used to calculate lighting power density. Lumens: A measure of light intensity coming from a point source. It is essentially the amount of light

that a source projects as perceived by the human eye. Efficacy: Lighting efficacy is a measure of the amount of light (lumens) produced per watt of electricity consumed. Lamps with a high efficacy give off more light with the same amount of energy as a low efficacy lamp. When a light bulb package states that a 13 watt CFL is equivalent to a 60 watt incandescent, it is because CFLs have more than 4 times the efficacy of an incandescent bulb.

Lighting Code Space Types

Space Watts/Sq Ft

Office 1.1

Conference 1.3

Corridor 0.5

Lobby 1.3

Storage 0.3

Lighting Type Comparison

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Incandescent

Halogen

Fluorescent - T12

Fluorescent - T8

Fluorescent - T5

Compact Fluorescent

Mercury Vapor

Metal Halide

High-Pressure Sodium

Low-Pressure Sodium

Solid State Lighting

Lumens/Watt

Lighting Efficacy

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Incandescent

Halogen

Fluorescent - T12

Fluorescent - T8

Fluorescent - T5

Compact Fluorescent

Mercury Vapor

Metal Halide


Low-Pressure Sodium


% Color Rendering Accuracy

Color Rendering Index

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000

Incandescent

Halogen

Fluorescent - T12

Fluorescent - T8

Fluorescent - T5

Compact Fluorescent

Mercury Vapor

Metal Halide


Low-Pressure Sodium


Hours

Typical Lifetime

Georgia Power EarthCents Program

Georgia Power offers financial incentives to commercial customers for upgrading inefficient lighting, HVAC equipment, appliances, and controls to high-efficiency products. These rebates can help to reduce the cost of energy-efficiency improvements, though the amount of funding available is capped at $10,000 for commercial customers. Rebates are available for several of the energy-efficiency opportunities discussed in the report. These rebates fall into the following categories: lighting power reduction and lighting occupancy controls. Additional rebates and eligibility requirements can be found on the EarthCents website linked to below.

1. Lighting Power Reduction

The rebate for lighting power reduction is $0.20 per watt of reduced lighting power and is applicable for upgrading to the following lighting technologies: fluorescent, pulse-start HID, LED, and other lighting types that meet the requirements listed on the EarthCents website, linked to below.

2. Lighting Occupancy Controls

The rebate for lighting occupancy controls is $10 per sensor. Wall or ceiling-mounted sensors qualify

for the rebate if the combined fixture power draw for the circuit is less than 500 watts. Lighting circuits with greater than 500 watts of lighting load must use a fixture-integrated occupancy sensor in order to qualify for the rebate.

http://georgiapower.com/earthcents/business/measures.cshtml

Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings Deduction- IRC 179D

The Energy Policy Act of 2005 includes a tax deduction for improving the energy-efficiency of commercial buildings under The Internal Revenue Code section 179D. This tax credit is applicable for

all building renovation projects that reduce energy consumption through improvements to the following systems:

1) Interior lighting

2) Building envelope

3) HVAC and domestic hot water

The maximum deduction is set at $1.80 per square foot for buildings that achieve a 50 percent

reduction in energy costs as compared to a building meeting the minimum requirements set by ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2001; however, partial deductions are available for any of the systems in the above list that meet the following criteria for energy cost savings: envelope- 10%, HVAC- 15%, and lighting- 25%.

Energy cost savings must be modeled using approved hourly simulation software. The reference building and proposed building must be modeled using the same utility tariff and weather files. For more detailed information about the modeling process required for the 179D deduction see the

following link: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/40467.pdf

Eligible projects must be completed before December 31, 2013.

Georgia Clean Energy Tax Credit (Corporate) Clean energy and energy-efficiency projects are eligible for a state tax credit equal to 35% of the cost of the system (including installation), $0.60/square foot for lighting retrofit projects, and $1.80/square foot for energy-efficient products installed during construction. The credit is subject to various ceilings depending on the type of system or project. The maximum credit amount is the lesser of 35% of the system cost or the maximum dollar cap specified for the technology. The following credit limits for various technologies apply:

• A maximum of $100,000 per installation for domestic solar water heating

• A maximum of $500,000 per installation for photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal electric applications,

active space heating, biomass equipment and wind energy systems

• A maximum of $100,000 per installation for Energy Star-certified geothermal heat pumps

• A maximum of $100,000 for lighting retrofit projects

• A maximum of $100,000 for energy-efficient products installed during construction.

Leased systems are eligible for the credit. (In the case of a leased system, the cost is considered to be eight times the net annual rental rate, which is the annual rental rate paid by the taxpayer less any annual rental rate received by the taxpayer from sub-rentals.) Before claiming the credit, the taxpayer must submit an application to the Georgia Department of Revenue for tentative approval, as the aggregate amount of tax credits -- both personal and corporate

credits -- taken may not exceed $2,500,000 in any calendar year through December 31, 2011. The aggregate annual limit in 2012, 2013 and 2014 is $5 million. Tax credits are granted on a first-come, first-served basis and may not exceed the taxpayer's liability for that taxable year. Taxpayers who do not receive a full credit for an eligible system will be placed on a "priority list" for access to this credit in future years. The credit must be taken for the taxable year in which the property is installed. For credits allowed

through the end of 2011, any excess credit may be carried forward for five years from the close of the taxable year in which the clean energy property was installed. Credits allowed for 2012, 2013 or 2014 must be taken in four equal installments over four successive taxable years beginning with the taxable year in which the credit is allowed. Solar hot water systems must be certified for performance by the Solar Rating Certification

Corporation (SRCC), the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) or a comparable entity approved by the tax authority. The equipment must meet the certification standards of SRCC OG-100 or FSEC-GO-80 for solar thermal collectors and/or SRCC OG-300 or FSEC-GP-5-80 for solar thermal residential systems. Eligible projects must be completed after July 1, 2008 and before December 31, 2014.

2013sampleassessmentreport(2)

Documents

buildings energy

energy efficiency

energy model

energy star ratings

energy cost savings

comparable building

energy star washing

building compares