20130918 nordgen skog · •the sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal •...
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Arni Bragason
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The Nordic Region
• The nordic region consists of 5 independent countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland) and 3 autonomous regions (Faroe Islands, Aaland and Greenland). All together 26 million inhabitants.
• Many similarities, but also differences concerning climate conditions, society, culture, international membership, language, etc.
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NordGen (2008)
A merge of :– The Nordic Gene Bank (1979)– The Nordic Gene Bank Farm Animals (1984)– The Nordic Council for Forest Reproductive Material (1970)– Working Group for Genetic Resources (1990)– Nordic Generesource Council (2001)
With offices in Alnarp, Sweden and in Ås, Norway
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WG. Fruit, Berries and OrnamentalsNordGen
Animal Council
NordGen Forest Council
NordGen Forest Genetic Resources
WG. Cereals
WG. Root, Oil and Fiber Crops
WG. Vegetables, Potatoes, Herbs
National programs for GRSvalbard ‐International
Advisery Council
WG. Fodder Crops
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Coordinate and promote national commitments to secure and use farm animal genetic resources in a Nordic perspective.
Information and knowledge center for expertise, conservation and sustainable use
Cooperation partner in breeding and conservation of genetic diversity of farm animal resources.
NordGen Farm Animals
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NordGen Animals• EVA‐program is a tool to decribe inbreeding in a population and to
maximize selection response ‐ (workshops on basic use and interpretation of program)
• Farm animal genetic resources in adaptation to climate change AnGr‐Nordicnet ‐ helps to develop a Nordic knowledge base for policy‐makers and research strategies for the conservation, utilization and research on animal genetic resources for adaptation and mitigation issues
• The Nordic brown bee Apis m. mellifera is an endangered breed. Current status in the Nordic and Baltic countries examined
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Serves as a Nordic meeting place
promotes and improves the seed and plant production and works for conservation and sustainable use of GR
NordGen Forest
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Theme days and conferences• Hallormsstaður (I) 2013: Northern Forests in a Changing Climate• Sabro(D). August 2013: Culture quality and increased timber
production• Gardemoen (N). March 2013: Regeneration quality• Hveragerði (I). Nov 2012: Tree seed sources and supplies for Iceland –
current situation and future alternatives• Hämeenlinna (F) Sept 2012: Option for Forest Regeneration – spruce,
pine and broadleaved trees• Stockholm (S) March 2012: Future dream plant • Lahti, (F). Oct 2011: Quality problems in forest regeneration • Odense (D). Sept 2011: Sustainable biomassproduction• Gardermoen (N). March 2011: Regeneration – the foundation of
forests• Akureyri (I) Nov 2010: Forest seedlings and plant quality• Uppsala (S) Oct 2010: Alien species ‐ opportunity or threat?• Vantaa (F) March 2010: Damages at the nursery and young forests
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NordGen Plants
• Genebank ‐ Conserve and document genetic variation in Nordic agricultural and horticultural plant material
• Participate in activities, research and education related to plant genetic resources
• Survey international trends scientifically and politically, aiming at influencing the international agenda and to advice National authorities on matters concerning plant genetic resources
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Plant Genetic Resources in the Nordic area
NordGen
= national programs
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Active collection ‐ Alnarp, Sweden– Distribution, characterisation, regeneration, analyses of material
Base collection ‐ Årslev, Denmark– Base storage, rejuvenation
Safety deposit – Svalbard Global Seed Vault – Duplication of Base collection
Seed storage
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• The collection includes 513 species and varieties of cultivated crops and their wild relatives, with 32,000 registered accessions (and 30,000 unregistered)
• In addition to seed collections, is a collection of 64 different Nordic potato varieties in vitro
• The Gene Bank is working with material of Nordic origin or relevance
• Nordic collections cover a range of popular Nordic special collections
Nordic Seed Collections
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Breeding/ Science ‐ Nordic
23%
Breeding/ Science ‐ Intern.
27%Private ‐ Intern.
3%
Private ‐ Nordic47%
Distribution of material ‐ 2012
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The Svalbard Global Seed Vault
• NordGen has the operational responsibility for the Svalbard Global Seed Vault
• Agreement between NordGen, Global Crop DiversityTrust (FAO) and the Norwegian Government
• International success is dependent of trust in and knowlegde about SGSV
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Public, privat partnership for pre‐breeding ‐ (PPP)
• PPP‐project ‐ 8 m. DKK per/year for 4 years ‐ 50% public and 50% private • Projects in barley‐, raygrass‐ and apple‐ prebreeding • The project will continue and the aim is up to 50 m. DKK/year in 2020
Members in PPP:
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The average age is increasing, so we need proportionally more food
2050, we need 70% more food than today
World population
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Climate• PredictablePhotoperiod
• UnpredictableTemperaturePrecipitation Seasonal distribution
• Semi‐predictableAbiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt)Biotic stresses (fungi, bacteria, virus, insects)
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Food security • We must produce more food • On less land • In less favourable environments
– Flooding, heat, drought …
• With fewer resources– Water, pesticides, fertilizers, labour
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1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
selection / choice and crossings
hybrid breeding
mutations
cytogenetics
interspecific crossings and polyploidy
In vitro-techniques
molecular markers
transformationPlant Breeding: various
techniques
post-GM
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Plant Breeding -what genetic variation is used?
Total genetc variation
Breeding material
Exotic material
Highly bredmaterial
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Susan McCouch
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International development
• 1982 FAO, Comission of Plant Genetic Resources• 1992 Convetion on Biodiversity (CBD/COP)• FAO, international undertaking 1992 ‐ 2004• 1994 TRIPS (trade‐related aspects of intellectual property rights)
• 2004 The International Treaty on PGR
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CBD ‐ Nagoya protocollAccess and benefit sharing
• Kalmar declaration from 2003• Nordic countries have diffrent legislation for GR – does not influence Forest GR
• Main conclution: Will not influence the good access of FGR between countries in our region
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East Asia
South E. Asia
Australia
South Asia
West C. Asia
Mediterranean
Africa
Europe
Latin America
North America
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Dependency (%)
Dependency of imported gene sources
Percentages of food production of major crops based on species originating from other regions
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Greater GR interdependence between countries:• Future climate for a given country more similar to other countriesIncreased demand:• Looking beyond current crop genetic base – (more use of crop wild relatives)
Andy Jarvis, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Colombia
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Rannsóknastöð skógræktar
Possible distribution of Red Spruce 1961 - 2006
9,7°CClorid < 10 ppmWind < 8 m/s
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Rannsóknastöð skógræktar
Possible distribution of Red Spuce 2050 based on conservative forcast 1,5 plus
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The Nordic Bioeconomy Initiative
Why Nordic cooperation on the bioeconomy? • The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal• Different challenges in the south and in the north • Global challenges but local/regional solutions • The Nordic Bio‐economy Initiative is a direct follow‐up on the
Nidaros declaration of the minister meeting in 2012. • Advantages in a common Nordic policy and strategy
– aims at creating a common Nordic policy platform for exchanging viewpoints
– The platform is intended to work across sectors and across borders
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“Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in a Changing Climate"
– 27th‐29th of January, 2014, in Lillehammer, Norway
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Climate changeConcluding remarks
provides large opportunities to Nordic agriculture and forestry will increase abiotic and biotic risks We have to modify current management practices in agriculture
and forestry and in many areas change species/ varieties to fully utilize the positive effects and to mitigate the negative effects
Greater interdependence between countries ‐ Future climate for a given country ‐more similar to other countries
Development of new technologies create many opportunies for future work ‐ well characterized biological material will have increasing value
We have to look beyond current crop genetic base – (more use of crop wild relatives)
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