20130918 nordgen skog · •the sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal •...

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Arni Bragason

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Page 1: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Arni Bragason

Page 2: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

The Nordic Region

• The nordic region consists of 5 independent countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland) and 3 autonomous regions (Faroe Islands, Aaland and Greenland). All together 26 million inhabitants.

• Many similarities, but also differences concerning climate conditions, society, culture, international membership, language, etc.

Page 3: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

NordGen (2008)

A merge of :– The Nordic Gene Bank (1979)– The Nordic Gene Bank Farm Animals (1984)– The Nordic Council for Forest Reproductive Material (1970)– Working Group for Genetic Resources (1990)– Nordic Generesource Council (2001)

With offices in Alnarp, Sweden and in Ås, Norway

Page 4: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional
Page 5: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

WG. Fruit, Berries and OrnamentalsNordGen 

Animal Council

NordGen Forest Council

NordGen Forest Genetic Resources   

WG. Cereals

WG. Root, Oil and Fiber Crops

WG. Vegetables, Potatoes, Herbs 

National programs for GRSvalbard ‐International 

Advisery Council 

WG. Fodder Crops

Page 6: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Coordinate and promote national commitments to secure and use farm animal genetic resources in a Nordic perspective.

Information and knowledge center for expertise, conservation and sustainable use

Cooperation partner in breeding and conservation of genetic diversity of farm animal resources.

NordGen Farm Animals

Page 7: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

NordGen Animals• EVA‐program is a tool to decribe inbreeding in a population and to 

maximize selection response ‐ (workshops on basic use and interpretation of program)

• Farm animal genetic resources in adaptation to climate change AnGr‐Nordicnet ‐ helps to develop a Nordic knowledge base for policy‐makers and research strategies for the conservation, utilization and research on animal genetic resources for adaptation and mitigation issues

• The Nordic brown bee Apis m. mellifera is an endangered breed. Current status in the Nordic and Baltic countries examined

Page 8: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Serves as a Nordic meeting place

promotes and improves the seed and plant production and works for conservation and sustainable use of GR

NordGen Forest

Page 9: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Theme days and conferences• Hallormsstaður (I) 2013: Northern Forests in a Changing Climate• Sabro(D). August 2013: Culture quality and increased timber 

production• Gardemoen (N). March 2013: Regeneration quality• Hveragerði (I). Nov 2012:  Tree seed sources and supplies for Iceland –

current situation and future alternatives• Hämeenlinna (F) Sept 2012:  Option for Forest Regeneration – spruce, 

pine and broadleaved trees• Stockholm (S) March 2012:  Future dream plant • Lahti, (F). Oct 2011:  Quality problems in forest regeneration • Odense (D). Sept 2011: Sustainable biomassproduction• Gardermoen (N). March 2011:  Regeneration – the foundation of 

forests• Akureyri (I) Nov 2010:  Forest seedlings and plant quality• Uppsala (S) Oct 2010:  Alien species ‐ opportunity or threat?• Vantaa (F) March 2010:  Damages at the nursery and young forests

Page 10: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

NordGen Plants

• Genebank ‐ Conserve and document genetic variation in Nordic agricultural and horticultural plant material

• Participate in activities, research and education related to plant genetic resources

• Survey international trends scientifically and politically, aiming at influencing the international agenda and to advice National authorities on matters concerning plant genetic resources

Page 11: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Plant Genetic Resources in the Nordic area

NordGen

= national programs

Page 12: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Active collection ‐ Alnarp, Sweden– Distribution, characterisation, regeneration, analyses of material

Base collection ‐ Årslev, Denmark– Base storage, rejuvenation

Safety deposit – Svalbard Global Seed Vault – Duplication of Base collection

Seed storage

Page 13: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

• The collection includes 513 species and varieties of cultivated crops and their wild relatives, with 32,000 registered accessions (and 30,000 unregistered) 

• In addition to seed collections, is a collection of 64 different Nordic potato varieties in vitro 

• The Gene Bank is working with material of Nordic origin or relevance 

• Nordic collections cover a range of popular Nordic special collections

Nordic Seed Collections

Page 14: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Breeding/ Science ‐ Nordic

23%

Breeding/ Science ‐ Intern.

27%Private ‐ Intern.

3%

Private ‐ Nordic47%

Distribution of material ‐ 2012

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The Svalbard Global Seed Vault

• NordGen has the operational responsibility for the Svalbard Global Seed Vault 

• Agreement between NordGen, Global Crop DiversityTrust (FAO) and the Norwegian Government

• International success is dependent of trust in and knowlegde about SGSV

Page 16: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Public, privat partnership for pre‐breeding ‐ (PPP)

• PPP‐project ‐ 8 m. DKK per/year for 4 years  ‐ 50% public and 50% private • Projects in barley‐, raygrass‐ and apple‐ prebreeding • The project will continue and the aim is up to 50 m. DKK/year in 2020

Members in PPP:

Page 17: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

The average age is increasing, so we need proportionally more food

2050, we need 70% more food than today

World population

Page 18: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Climate• PredictablePhotoperiod

• UnpredictableTemperaturePrecipitation Seasonal distribution

• Semi‐predictableAbiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt)Biotic stresses (fungi, bacteria, virus, insects)

Page 19: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Food security • We must produce more food • On less land • In less favourable environments

– Flooding, heat, drought  …

• With fewer resources– Water, pesticides, fertilizers, labour 

Page 20: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

selection / choice and crossings

hybrid breeding

mutations

cytogenetics

interspecific crossings and polyploidy

In vitro-techniques

molecular markers

transformationPlant Breeding: various

techniques

post-GM

Page 21: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Plant Breeding -what genetic variation is used?

Total genetc variation

Breeding material

Exotic material

Highly bredmaterial

Page 22: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Susan McCouch

Page 23: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

International development

• 1982 FAO, Comission of Plant Genetic Resources• 1992 Convetion on Biodiversity (CBD/COP)• FAO, international undertaking 1992 ‐ 2004• 1994 TRIPS (trade‐related aspects of intellectual property rights)

• 2004 The International Treaty on PGR

Page 24: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

CBD ‐ Nagoya protocollAccess and benefit sharing

• Kalmar declaration from 2003• Nordic countries have diffrent legislation for GR – does not influence Forest GR

• Main conclution: Will not influence the good access of FGR between countries in our region

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East Asia

South E. Asia

Australia

South Asia

West C. Asia

Mediterranean

Africa

Europe

Latin America

North America

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Dependency (%)

Dependency of imported gene sources

Percentages of food production of major crops based on species originating from other regions

Page 26: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Greater GR interdependence between countries:• Future climate for a given country more similar to other countriesIncreased demand:• Looking beyond current crop genetic base – (more use of crop wild relatives)

Andy Jarvis, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Colombia

Page 27: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Rannsóknastöð skógræktar

Possible distribution of Red Spruce 1961 - 2006

9,7°CClorid < 10 ppmWind < 8 m/s

Page 28: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Rannsóknastöð skógræktar

Possible distribution of Red Spuce 2050 based on conservative forcast 1,5 plus

Page 29: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

The Nordic Bioeconomy Initiative

Why Nordic cooperation on the bioeconomy? • The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal• Different challenges in the south and in the north • Global challenges but local/regional solutions • The Nordic Bio‐economy Initiative is a direct follow‐up on the 

Nidaros declaration of the minister meeting in 2012. • Advantages in a common Nordic policy and strategy 

– aims at creating a common Nordic policy platform for exchanging viewpoints 

– The platform is intended to work across sectors and across borders 

Page 30: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

“Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in a Changing Climate"

– 27th‐29th of January, 2014, in Lillehammer, Norway

Page 31: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional

Climate changeConcluding remarks

provides large opportunities to Nordic agriculture and forestry  will increase abiotic and biotic risks We have to modify current management practices in agriculture 

and forestry and in many areas change species/ varieties to fully utilize the positive effects and to mitigate the negative effects

Greater interdependence between countries ‐ Future climate for a given country ‐more similar to other countries

Development of new technologies create many opportunies for future work  ‐ well characterized biological material will have increasing value

We have to look beyond current crop genetic base – (more use of crop wild relatives)

Page 32: 20130918 NordGen Skog · •The sustainable utilization of natural resources is a global goal • Different challenges in the south and in the north •Global challenges but local/regional