2013 at a glance - austlii.edu.au · 2 2013 at a glance successful completion of the australasian...

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2013ATAGLANCE

SUCCESSFULCOMPLETIONOFTHEAUSTRALASIANLEGALHISTORY

PROJECT

In2013,theARCfundedAustralasianLegalHistoryProjectwascompleted.Thisinvolvedtheadditionofover30newdatabases.Australianhistoricallegislationandcaselawdatingbacktothefoundingofeachcolonycannowbeaccessedonline.

BillsandExplanatoryMemorandafromtheCommonwealth,NewSouthWalesandVictoriahavealsobeenadded.AustLIInowcontainsthemostcomprehensivecollectionofAustralianlegislationandcaselawfromthefoundingofthevariouscoloniesuntilatleast1950andsometimescompletelyuptodate.

AllHighCourtjudgmentsto1951cannowbedownloadedandprintedasPDFfacsimilesfromtheCommonwealthLawReports.Similarly,theauthorisedlawreportseriesofeachState(exceptQueensland)to1950arenowavailable.Someoftheguestsofhonouratthevariouslaunchesofthesedatabasesincluded:ChiefJusticeBathurst(NewSouthWales),ChiefJusticeKourakis(SouthAustralia),ChiefJusticeMartin(WesternAustralia)andChiefJusticeBlow(Tasmania).

Apositiveoutcomeofthehistoryprojectisthatithasledtoarenewedinterestinthedigitisationofspecialisedhistoricallegaldocuments.Forexample,asaresultofacollaborationbetweenAustLIIandcoalindustrystakeholders,AustLIIhasdigitisedandpublishedthedecisionsmadebytheCoalIndustryTribunalduringitsexistencefrom1947to1995.Papercopiesofthesedecisionsareextremelyrare.BycombiningvolumesobtainedfromtheCFMEUMiningDivision,membersoftheNSWMineralsCounciland,forsomedecisions,theonlyexistingmastercopyfromtheFairWork

Commission,AustLIIwasabletoscanandmakeavailablethecompletesetofdecisionsofthisimportanthistoricaltribunal.

INFRASTRUCTUREENHANCEMENTS

During2013,AustLIIacquiredsignificantnewcomputingandotherinfrastructure.Thisincludedspecialisedequipmenttoenablethedigitisationoflegalresourcesheldaspaperrecords.Inparticular,AustLIIisnowresourcedtomakedigitalcopiesofrareandvaluablelegaltextsinanautomatedandsafeway.Thesystemusesairtofanandgentlyturnthepagesofthebookyetisstillabletoproduceahighqualitydigitalscanatarateofover1,200pagesperhour.

AmajoradvanceinAustLII’sabilitytodeliverahighspeedreliableservicetoitsuserbasewasachievedwhenadirectconnectiontoAARNETbecameoperational.ThismeansthatAustLII’sserversarenowdirectlyconnectedtothemainnationalresearchinternetbackboneratherthanthroughintermediaryconnectionsmadeviaourhostuniversities.

TWONEWMAJORARCRESEARCHGRANTS

AustLIIwassuccessfulinsecuringathree‐yearAustralianResearchCouncil(ARC)IndustryLinkagegrantwithpartnersincludingtheHighCourtofAustralia,theFamilyCourtofAustralia,andtheFederalCircuitCourtofAustralia.Thepurposeoftheprojectistoresearchtheconceptsofauthorityandintegrityofprimarylegalsourcesinthecontextoffreeonlineaccess.

AustLIIalsoreceivedanARCLinkageInfrastructure,EquipmentandFacilities(LIEF)grantof$284,000withanadditionof$395,000fromindustrypartnerstoenhanceWorldLII’sInternationalLawLibrary.

AustralasianLegalInformationInstitute(AustLII)

AustLIIResearchCentreAjointfacilityofUTSandUNSWFacultiesofLaw

AustLIIFoundationLimitedACN:134717972ABN:41134717972

Level12,Building10,UTS235‐253JonesStUltimoNSW2007Australia

Tel: +61295144921 Fax: +61295144908Web: www.austlii.edu.au Email: [email protected]

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AUSTRALASIANLEGAL INFORMATIONINSTITUTE

2013YEAR IN REVIEW

CONTENTS

2013AtAGlance.............................................................................................................................................2

AustLIIFoundationLtdChair’sReport...................................................................................................4

AustLIICo‐Directors’Report.......................................................................................................................5

AboutAustLII....................................................................................................................................................6

Governance.......................................................................................................................................................8

ManagementandStaff................................................................................................................................10

AustralianDevelopments.........................................................................................................................12

NewDatabasesonAustLII....................................................................................................................................12 AustLIIUsage.................................................................................................................................................14

AustLII’sDatabaseUsageandMarketShare.................................................................................................14 AustLII’sMajorUsers..............................................................................................................................................15

InternationalSystemsandDevelopments..........................................................................................20

DatabasesSearchableThroughMulti‐LIISystems.....................................................................................20 InternationalSystemsUsage...............................................................................................................................21 DevelopmentsinIndividualSystems...............................................................................................................22 CollaborationswithotherLegalInformationInstitutes...........................................................................23 AustLIIinvolvementintheFreeAccesstoLawMovement....................................................................25

Research..........................................................................................................................................................26

ResearchandResearchInfrastructureGrants.............................................................................................26 ResearchPublicationsandPresentations......................................................................................................32 AustLIIResearchSeminarseries........................................................................................................................32

FoundationIncome.....................................................................................................................................34

ListofDonorsandResearchPartners..................................................................................................34

AustLIIFoundationLimitedAnnualReport.......................................................................................38

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AUSTLIIFOUNDATIONLTDCHAIR’SREPORT

2013hasbeenaveryproductiveyearfortheFoundation.IthasseenaverysignificantincreaseinthehistoricaldepthandcoverageofAustLII’scollectionsasaresultoftherapiddevelopmentoftheAustralasianLegalHistoryLibrary.Asaconsequence,AustLIIisnowamajorresourceforthestudyofAustralianhistory,inadditiontobeingAustralia’smostpopularsourceofcontemporarylegalinformation.Moreover,thecurrentARCfunded“AuthorityandIntegrity”oflegalmaterialsprojectcanonlyenhancethevalueandusefulnessofAustLII’slegalelectroniclibraryservicesinthenextfewyears

TheFoundation’sfinancialsituationhascontinuedtobesatisfactoryinthesensethattheinvestmentreturnsofouraccumulatedsurplushavecontinuedtoallowtheFoundationtorecordasmalloperatingsurplus.Whilethisissustainableintheshortterm,fortheFoundationtoflourishandimproveitscontributiontothecommunity,theFoundationwillneedtogrowitssourcesoffunding.TheBoardisactivelyconsideringanumberofoptionstoincreasethesustainabilityofthefundingneededforitsoperations.AsthetwentiethanniversaryofAustLIIin2015approaches,theBoardwilllooktoimplementarangeofstrategiestargetingthoseoptions.

TheBoardisgratefulforthesupportreceivedfromfederalandstategovernmentdepartmentsandagenciesandregulators.IttruststhatthegovernmentsofAustraliawillcontinuetofullyrecognisethevalueoftheservicestheAustLIIFoundationprovidestotheAustraliancommunity.Theseservicesinvolvefacilitatingaccesstojusticeaswellasprovidingaresourcethatallgovernmentdepartmentsandagenciescananddousefreelyandefficiently.

TheBoardandallAustLIIusersoweaparticulardebtofappreciationtothosewhocontributetothecontinuedmaintenanceoftheAustLIIservice–fromthelegalprofession,fromgeneralbusinessandindustry;fromcourtsandtribunals;andfromindividualsandthecommunityatlarge.

TheBoardisparticularlypleasedtoacknowledgetheveryhighlevelsofsupporttheFoundationhasreceivedduringtheyearfromthetwomemberuniversities,theUniversityofTechnology,SydneyandtheUniversityofNewSouthWales,aswellasmostotherAustralianuniversitylawschools.

TheBoardisalsoverypleasedtoreportthatduring2013themanagementandstaffofAustLIIhavecontinuedtoimproveboththequalityandtimelinessofAustLII’sservicesandquantityofaccessiblelegalmaterials.MoreovertheverysuccessfulimplementationofaInternSchemehasmateriallyimprovedAustLII’scapacitytoexploreanumberofareas,initiativesandopportunitiesthatwouldotherwisehavebeen“outofreach”aswellascontributingmateriallytothecareersofanumberofbrightcommencingprofessionals.

In2013theBoardbidafondfarewelltoRogerAllsep,whosteppeddownasCompanySecretary,havingservedwithdistinctionsince2009.WethankhimforhiswisecounselduringtheestablishmentandearlyyearsoftheFoundation.GiovanniCrasto,theFoundation’sFinanceandAdministrationManager,hastakenhisplaceasCompanySecretary.

Earlyin2014theBoardandstaffofAustLIIweredelightedtolearnthatBoardmemberTimBugghadbeenappointedaMemberoftheOrderofAustralia(AM)intheAustraliaDayHonours–awell‐deservedrecognitionofhissignificantongoingcontributiontotheAustralianlegalprofessionandtoitscapacitytoservethepublicinterest.

Onapersonalnote,IamveryhappytoreportthatAustLII’sprogramofresearchandrelatedseminarshasprovidedbothintellectualstimulationandrenewedenthusiasmformeetingthechallengesinprovidingfree,forward‐looking,andveryeffectiveelectroniclegallibraryservicesforthewholeAustraliancommunity.

DrJeffFitzGerald(Chair,AustLIIFoundationLimited)

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AUSTLIICO‐DIRECTORS’REPORT

2013hasbeenasignificantyearforAustLIIwithcompletionof,orprogresson,keyprojects.WealsoreceivedtwonewmajorgrantsfromtheAustralianResearchCouncil(ARC).

TheAustralasianLegalHistoryLibrarywasa2013highlight.ThisprojecthasledtoamajorenhancementofthedepthoflegalcoveragethatAustLIIprovides.ThishasbeenofbenefittoAustLII’straditionalusersbuthasalsoextendedinterestinAustLIItoawideraudiencesuchashistoriansandsocialscientists.

WehavecommencedthedevelopmentandexpansionofourLegalScholarshipresourcesaspartofanARCfundedLinkageInfrastructureEquipmentFund(LIEF)project.AustLIIalreadyhasthelargestonlinecollectionofAustralianlawjournalsandotherformsoflegalscholarship,withover55,000searchableitems.Thisprojectwillcontinueinto2014tofurtherexpandiscontent,andenhancethefacilitiesforusers.

TheAustLIIResearchCentrewassuccessfulinapplyingforanARCIndustryLinkagegranttoexplorenewwaysinwhichprimarylegalmaterials(caselaw,legislationandtreaties)canbedeliveredonlineinsuchawayastoensuretheirauthority(designationasan‘official’version,withconsequencesincludingadmissibilityincourt)andintegrity(demonstrabilitythattheyareunchangedfromtheversionprovidedbytheofficialsource).Bothlegislationandrulesofparticularcourtsaffecttheseissues,usuallybylegalpresumptionsconcerningwhencopiesareauthoritativeorauthentic.Thetwoissuesintersect:provisionsandprocedureswhichmakecopiesauthoritativealsoprovidemeansofdemonstratingtheyareauthentic.OurindustrypartnersinthisprojectincludetheHighCourtofAustralia,theFamilyCourtofAustralia,theFederalCircuitCourt,theSupremeCourtLibraryofVictoria,the

DepartmentofForeignAffairsandTrade,theOfficeoftheQueenslandParliamentaryCounselandtheOfficeoftheChiefParliamentaryCounselofVictoria.

AustLII’sinternationalprojectworkcontinuedin2013withmajorcollaborationswiththePacificIslandsLegalInformationInstitute(PacLII)andtheSouthernAfricanLegalInformationInstitute(SAFLII).WewerealsosuccessfulinobtaininganewARCLIEFgranttoredevelopandextendtheInternationalLawLibraryonWorldLII.

AustLIIFoundationLtdhadanothersuccessfulyearwithcontributionsfromover230organisationsandindividuals.Weareverygratefultoeveryonewhohascontinuedtoprovidesupportandwelcomenewcontributors.

AustLIIisalsogratefultoitsdataproviders,partneruniversitiesandotherpartnerorganisationsandinvestigatorsinvolvedinAustLII’svariousresearchandresearchinfrastructureprojects.

WewouldliketothankourLawDeans(ProfDavidDixonandProfLesleyHitchens),theChairoftheFoundation,DrJeffFitzGerald,andthemembersoftheFoundationBoardandtheAustLIIResearchCentreManagementCommitteefortheirworkandsupportin2013.

Asalways,weareverygratefultooursmallteamofstaff.Forthefirsttimein2013,thishasincludedanumberofinternsandvolunteersfromourhostuniversities.ThesuccessofAustLIIreliesuponthehardworkandon‐goingcommitmentofeveryoneinvolved.

AndrewMowbray,PhilipChungandGrahamGreenleaf(Co‐Directors,AustLII)

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ABOUTAUSTLII

TheAustralasianLegalInformationInstitute(AustLII)wasfoundedin1995.Itisthelargestfree‐accessproviderofonlineAustralianlegalmaterials,afoundingmemberoftheFreeAccesstoLawMovement,andoneofthelargestprovidersofworld‐widefree‐accesslegalcontent.AustLIIcollaborateswithotherfreeaccessLIIsaroundtheworldtooperatethreeinternationalmulti‐LIIsystemsforlegalinformation:AsianLegalInformationInstitute(AsianLII);CommonwealthLegalInformationInstitute(CommonLII);WorldLegalInformationInstitute(WorldLII);aswellasdevelopingtheLawCiteinternationalcitatorwiththesamegroupofcollaborators.Inaddition,AustLIIjointlyoperatestheNewZealandLegalInformationInstitute(NZLII)andtheLIIofIndia,incooperationwithlocalpartnersinthosecountries.

AustLIIcomprisestheAustLIIResearchCentreandtheAustLIIFoundationLimited,anot‐for‐profitcompanylimitedbyguaranteeoperatingasacharity.TheFoundationraisesdonationstooperateandmaintainAustLII’sAustralianinfrastructureandservices.TheAustLIIResearchCentreconductsresearchandisresponsibleforAustLII’sinternationalcollaborationsincludingAsianLII,CommonLIIandWorldLII.

AustLIIispartoftheinternationalFreeAccesstoLawMovementandadherestothefollowingprinciples:

Publiclegalinformationfromallcountriesandinternationalinstitutionsispartofthecommonheritageofhumanity.Maximisingaccesstothisinformationpromotesjusticeandtheruleoflaw;

Publiclegalinformationisdigitalcommonpropertyandshouldbeaccessibletoallonanon‐profitbasisandfreeofcharge;

Organisationssuchaslegalinformationinstituteshavetherighttopublishpubliclegalinformationandthegovernmentbodiesthatcreateorcontrolthatinformationshouldprovideaccesstoitsothatitcanbepublishedbyotherparties.

TheAustLIIFoundationLimited’sobjectsareto:

Beanotforprofitentitytopromotethesoundadministrationanddevelopmentofthelawby:

PromotingandsupportingfreeandeffectiveaccesstopubliclegalinformationinAustraliabymeansofanelectronicpubliclibrary;

Providing,andsupportingtheprovisionbyitsmembersof,freeanonymouspublicaccessinAustraliatoasearchableandregularlyupdatedcomprehensiveandreliableinternet‐basedelectronicpubliclibraryofAustralianpubliclegalmaterials;

Maintainsystems,programmesanddatabasesfortheeffectivehandlingofanelectronicpubliclibraryofinformationandrelatedpolicydevelopment,collaboratewithotherresearchersandprovidersofsuchinformation,anddevelop,implementanddisseminateimprovementsandassociatedtechnicalassistanceandadvice;

Advancelegaleducationbypromotingandencouragingresearchinthefieldoflegalinformationsystemsanddisseminationoftheusefulresultsthereof;and

Doallotherthingsasmaybeincidentalorancillarytotheattainmentoftheseobjects.

TheAustLIIResearchCentre’smissionistobeacentreofexcellenceinthedevelopmentoflegalinformationsystemsthroughresearch,theoperationofpublicfreeaccesslegalresearchfacilities,andeducationinlegalresearchtechniquesandinfrastructure.Indoingso,AustLIIwill

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advancethepublicinterestinfreeaccesstopubliclegalinformationwithinAustraliaandinternationally.

Bypursuingitsmission,theAustLIIResearchCentreadvancesthemissionsofeachourLawFacultiestoberecognisedasnationalleadersinresearch,researchinfrastructureprovisionandlegaleducation;tocontributetobroadercommunityobjectives;andtoberecognisedasLawFacultiesofinternationalstandingwithamajorcommitmenttoengagementininternationallegalaffairsofsignificancetoAustralia.

TheAustLIIResearchCentreaimstoachieveitsmissionbypursuitofthefollowingobjectives:

1. Researchanddevelopment

Toconductinternationalstandardresearchintechnologiesfordevelopinglegalinformationsystems,andinthedevelopmentofstandardsnecessarytomakesuchtechnologiesoperational.

TodevelopAustLII’sowntoolsforbuildinglegalinformationsystemswhereverappropriate,soastomaintainAustLII’spublicaccessfacilitiesasinnovativeexamplesofinternationalstandardsystems.

WhereconsistentwithAustLII’sotherobjectives,toprovideinnovationsdevelopedbyAustLIIasopensourcesoftwareandstandardstoenabletheirusebyothers.

2. Publicpolicy

Throughouradvocacyandexample,toachieveanddefendfreepublicaccessviatheInternettopubliclegalinformationinAustralia.

Throughouradvocacyandexample,ourassistancetoothersbymakingavailableAustLII’sexpertiseandsoftware,andourcollaborationswithotherparties,toassistothersinternationallytoachievefreepublicaccessviatheInternettopubliclegalinformationfromallcountries.

ToupholdtheDeclarationonFreeAccesstoLawadoptedbyAustLIIandotherLegalInformationInstituteinMontrealin2002.

3. Publicaccesslawfacilities

Tobuildcost‐effectivefreeaccesspublicfacilitiesforaccesstolawbymaximisingtheautomatedconversionandprocessingoflegalinformationandminimisingthenecessityforhandediting.

ToprovideonAustLII’sAustralasianservice(the‘AustLII’website)acomprehensivecollectionofthemostimportantdatabasesofAustralianpubliclegalinformation(legislation,caselaw,treaties,lawreformreportsandothersoflikeimportance);legalscholarshipthatisavailableforfreeaccess;andotherlegaldatabasesofstrategicimportanceinadvancingthepublicinterest,andwhichadvanceAustLII’sresearchactivities.

ToprovideoninternationalservicesoperatedbyAustLII(includingWorldLII,CommonLII,AsianLIIandLawCite),orthroughcollaborationwithotherfreeaccessprovidersoflegalinformationintheoperationofthoseinternationalservices,freeaccesstolegalinformationofvaluetoAustralianlegalresearchers,andtolegalinformationwhichcontributestoAustLIIachievingitsotherobjectives.

ToprovideonalloftheservicesoperatedbyAustLIIthemosteffectiveaccessmechanismstoonlinelegalinformation.

ToachieveahighlevelofusersatisfactionforalloftheservicesoperatedbyAustLII.

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Throughopenstandards,andthroughtoolsAustLIIprovides,toenableotherstobuildvalue‐addedlegalserviceswhichmakeappropriateuseofdatalocatedonservicesoperatedbyAustLII,butwhichalsorespectAustLII’sinterestsinthevalueitaddstoitssourcedataandwhichalsorespecttheinterestsofothersinthatdata.

4. Operational

ToadvancethemissionsofourhostLawFacultiesbypursuitofconsistentgoals. Toprovideastimulatingandsatisfyinglong‐termworkenvironmentforAustLII

staff. TomaintainfreeaccesstoservicesoperatedbyAustLII,withnoaccesschargesto

end‐users,andwiththemaintenanceofuser’sreasonableexpectationsofprivacyandfreedomfrommanipulation.

Tocooperatewithotherprovidersoflegalinformation,bothfreeaccessandcommercial,inAustraliaandinternationally,tomaximisethepublicbenefitinobtainingfreeaccesstoaswidearangeofresourcesasisfeasible.

GOVERNANCE

TheAustLIIFoundationLimitedisanincometaxexemptcharitableorganisation,incorporatedasacompanylimitedbyguarantee.TheFoundationhasobtainedDeductibleGiftRecipientstatusfromtheAustralianTaxationOffice,hencedonationsaretaxdeductible.ItisgovernedbyaBoardofDirectors.

TheAustLIIFoundationLimitedBoardasat31December2013iscomprised:

DrJeffFitzGerald(Chair)(appointedtotheBoardon22December2008)FormerRegistraroftheUniversityofTechnology,Sydney;formerDeputy‐SecretaryoftheVictorianAttorney‐General’sDepartment

ProfCarrickMartin(Chair,FinanceCommittee)(appointedtotheBoardon22December2008)FormerDeputyVice‐Chancellor,Administration,MacquarieUniversity

MrPhilipChung(ManagingDirector)(appointedtotheBoardon23June2009)SeniorLecturer,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofNewSouthWales;ExecutiveDirector,AustLIIResearchCentre

ProfGrahamGreenleaf(ExecutiveDirector)(appointedtotheBoardon22December2008)Professor,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofNewSouthWales;Co‐Director,AustLIIResearchCentre

ProfAndrewMowbray(ExecutiveDirector)(appointedtotheBoardon27April2009)Professor,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofTechnology,Sydney;Co‐Director,AustLIIResearchCentre

MrTimBugg(appointedtotheBoardon23June2009)Partner,DobsonMitchell&Allport;Chair,InternationalLegalServicesAdvisoryCouncil(ILSAC);PastpresidentoftheLawCouncilofAustralia

ProfDavidDixon(appointedtotheBoardon22December2008)Dean,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofNewSouthWales

MrIanGovey(appointedtotheBoardon23June2009)ChiefExecutiveOfficer,AustralianGovernmentSolicitor

ProfLesleyHitchens(appointedtotheBoardon18February2013)Dean,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofTechnology,Sydney

TheCompanySecretaryuntiltheendof2013wasRogerAllsep(appointed20May2009).

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AustLIIFoundationLimitedBoardofDirectors‐Frontrow(LtoR):ProfLesleyHitchens,DrJeffFitzGerald(Chair),ProfCarrickMartin.Backrow(LtoR):ProfDavidDixon,ProfGrahamGreenleaf(ExecutiveDirector),ProfAndrewMowbray(ExecutiveDirector),andMrPhilipChung(ManagingDirector).Boardmembersnotinphotograph:MrTimBuggandMrIanGovey.

TheAustLIIResearchCentreisajointfacilityoftheFacultiesofLawattheUniversityofTechnology,SydneyandtheUniversityofNewSouthWalesandisgovernedunderanMOUbetweenthetwoLawSchools.ItisgovernedbyaManagementCommitteethatcomprisedthefollowing:

MrPhilipChung(ExecutiveDirector,AustLIIResearchCentre;SeniorLecturer,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofNewSouthWales)

ProfDavidDixon(Dean,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofNewSouthWales) ProfLesleyHitchens(Dean,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofTechnology,Sydney) ProfAndrewMowbray(Professor,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofTechnology,Sydney;

Co‐Director,AustLIIResearchCentre) MrPaulHolt(FacultyManager,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofTechnology,Sydney) MsFeiWong(FacultyGeneralManager,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofNewSouthWales)

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MANAGEMENTANDSTAFF

ManagingandExecutiveDirectors

TheAustLIIResearchCentreisjointlymanagedbythreeco‐directors:

AndrewMowbray(ProfessorofLawandInformationTechnology,FacultyofLaw,UTS)(Co‐Director)

PhilipChung(SeniorLecturer,FacultyofLaw,UNSW)(ExecutiveDirector) GrahamGreenleaf(ProfessorofLawandInformationSystems,FacultyofLaw,UNSW)(Co‐

Director)

TheManagingDirectoroftheAustLIIFoundationLimitedisPhilipChung.GrahamGreenleafandAndrewMowbrayserveasExecutiveDirectorsoftheCompany.

Full‐timeStaff

GiovanniCrasto(FinanceandAdministrationManager) RichardHunter(DevelopmentManager) ChrisKenward(AustralianDatabasesManager)fromOctober2013 JonesOlatunji(SystemsAdministrator) CathyQuigley(AdministrativeOfficer) KentSoesanto(ProjectOfficer) ArminWittfoth(ProjectOfficer) CarolWong(ProjectOfficer)toJuly2013

Part‐timeStaff

ChrisConnley(ProjectOfficer)fromNovember2013 JenniferKwong(ProjectOfficer)fromDecember2013 JillMatthews(ProjectOfficer) TrevorRoydhouse(SystemsDeveloper)fromFebruary2013 ArmandaScorrano(ProjectOfficer)toOctober2013 DavidVaile(ExternalRelations/TrainingOfficer)

LtoR:KentSoesanto,AndrewMowbray,ChrisConnley,JenniferKwong,andRichardHunter

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Interns/volunteers

Anewinitiativeintroducedin2013wastheAustLIIintern/volunteerprogramme.ThiswasavailabletolawstudentsfromUNSWandUTS.Interns/volunteersparticipatedinAustLII’sprojectsincludingdigitisationofhistoricallegalmaterialsinprint(usingbothdestructiveandnon‐destructivescanningapproaches),extractionofmetadata,aswellasstakeholderengagementactivities.

Theinterns/volunteersin2013were:ChrisConnley,MadeleineHarkin,JonathanKoukoumas,JenniferKwong,YanLiu,MelissaLiu,andShetalJas.

ChrisConnleyandJenniferKwongjoinedAustLIIaspart‐timestaffmembersafterthecompletionoftheirinternships.

LtoR:GrahamGreenleaf,MelissaLiu,CarolWong,MadeleineHarkin,JonathanKoukoumas,YanLiu,RichardHunter,andPhilipChung

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AUSTRALIANDEVELOPMENTS

NEWDATABASESONAUSTLII

In2013,18newdatabasesaswellastwonewlibraries(AustralianColonialLawandFederationLaw)wereaddedtoAustLII.ThisbroughtthetotalnumberofdatabasesthatAustLIImaintainedin2013to551.

Inaddition,17existingdatabasesweresignificantlyexpandedasaresultoftheAustralianLegalHistoryprojectofback‐capturingdigitiseddatafromcolonialandfederationperiods.

ThefollowingnewAustralianlegaldatabaseswereaddedin2013:

AustralianCoalIndustryTribunal1940‐1995 AustralianTradeMarksOfficeGeographicalIndication2013‐ FairWorkCommission–EnterpriseAgreement2013‐ FairWorkCommission–FullBench2013‐ FairWorkCommission–GeneralManagerandDelegates2013‐ FairWorkCommission2013‐ FederalCircuitCourtofAustralia2013‐ ForestPracticesTribunalofTasmania2002‐ LawReports(NewSouthWales)1880‐1900 QueenslandHistoricalActs1867‐1951 SouthAustralianLawReports1863‐1920 StateReports(NewSouthWales)1901‐1950 StateReports(SouthAustralia)1921‐1950 SuperiorCourtsofWesternAustralia1840‐1849 TasmanianLawReports1897‐1940 TasmanianStateReports1941‐1978 TasmanianStateReports1979‐1991 WesternAustralianLawReports1898‐1958

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LtoR:ProfGrahamGreenleaf,PhilipChung,MiriamStiel,theHonTomBathurst,ProfLesleyHitchens,andProfAndrewMowbray

ThefollowingAustralianlegaldatabaseswereupdatedandexpandedin2013:

AustralianLawReformCommissionpublications:BackgroundPapers;ConsultationPapers;DiscussionPapers;DraftRecommendationPapers;IssuesPapers

CommonwealthNumberedActs1901‐nowcompletewiththeadditionofmissing1900sActsand1950‐1973Acts

LawJournals:AustralianandNewZealandMaritimeLawJournal;MacquarieLawJournal;UniversityofNewSouthWalesLawJournal

NorthernTerritoryNumberedRegulationsexpandedtocover1961‐1988 QueenslandLawReformCommissionpublications:Reports,WorkingPapers,

MiscellaneousPapers TasmanianLawReformInstitutepublications:Reports,IssuesPapers,ResearchPapers TasmanianNumberedActsexpandedtocover1826todate

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AUSTLIIUSAGE

AUSTLII’SDATABASEUSAGEANDMARKETSHARE

Totalhitsfor2013exceeded214millionandaveraged588,663hitsperday.

ThemostpopulardatabasesonAustLIIin2013weretheCommonwealthlegislationdatabases,followedbyNSWandVictorianlegislation.Overall,accesstocaselawcollectionsinmostjurisdictionsincreasedin2013.ThefollowinggraphsshowthenumberofaccessestoAustLII’slegislationandcaselawdatabasesbyjurisdiction.

Legislationrequestsincludedpermittedaccessesbysearchenginewebspidersandincludedrequeststoaccessindividualsectionsoflegislation.

Cth, 36,825,372

NSW, 25,891,169

Vic, 13,504,613

Qld, 7,157,718

WA, 6,414,946

SA, 4,494,143 Tas, 3,060,935

ACT, 2,728,744 NT, 2,505,576

Australian legislation requests by jurisdiction in 2013

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CaselawrequestsdidnotgenerallyincludeaccessesbysearchenginewebspiderswhichAustLIIexcludesfromaccess.

AustLIImaintainedthenumberonemarketpositionintheonlinelegalcategorythroughout2013andincreaseditsmarketsharefromabout25%toover30%(accordingtoHitwise).Thiscategoryincludedwebsitesfromgovernment,publishers,courtsandtribunals,lawsocieties,legalfirmsandbarristers.Thevolumeofdatadownloadedwas14.92terabytes.

AUSTLII’SMAJORUSERS

ManyofAustLII’susersaccessAustLIIthroughlargeinternetserviceproviders,aswellasthroughUniversityservicesorthroughotherwebserversthatmaintainmultipleIPaddresses.Consequently,AustLIIisunabletoidentifyahighpercentageofitsusersbecauseAustLIIdoesnotreceiveinternetprotocoladdresses(IPaddresses)specifictothem.

Whereweareabletoidentifyuserswecanclassifythemintofoursectors:

commercial(mostlycomprisingthelegalprofession) education government generalcommunity

In2013ofthetopidentifiedusers,44%arefromthecommercialsector,29%fromthegovernmentsector,26%fromtheeducationsectorand1%fromthecommunitysector.ThisconfirmsatrendthatcommercialuseofAustLIIisincreasingasapercentageofoverallusecomparedtotheothersectors.

Cth, 12,449,848

Vic, 4,783,687

NSW, 3,561,317

SA, 1,175,988

Qld, 1,104,036

WA, 909,142

Tas, 561,702 ACT, 309,457

NT, 177,701

Australian case requests by jurisdiction in 2013

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COMMERCIALSECTOR

Identifiedusersinthecommercialsectorfalllargelyintothefollowingcategories:

barristers(identifiedthroughspecificbarinternetserviceprovidersandchambers) legalpractices(includingprivatelawfirmsandpatentandtrademarkattorneys) legalpublishers businesses

WhileusageofAustLIIbythecommercialsectorcontinuestogrowitisnotedthatthenumberofthetop50identifiablecommercialusers(30,000ormorerequestsperannum)thatcontributetoAustLII’srunningcostsfellfrom21to17.Onlyhalfofthetop10identifiablecommercialuserssupportAustLIIandcontributionsfromAustLII’slargestidentifiableusersfromthecommercialsectorcontinuetoremainbelowtheirratesofusage.WecontinuetourgeallAustLIIusersthatcanaffordtodosotocontributetowardskeepingusonline.

Barristers, 5,019,148

Legal practice, 3,788,562

Business , 569,482

Legal Publishers , 413,753

Number of requests from the top 50 identifiable commercial users in 2013

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COMMERCIALUSAGEOFAUSTLIIIN2013

CommercialCategory Numberofrequests Contributorin2013

1 Barrister‐Vic 2,193,6762 Barrister‐NSW 1,370,5963 Barrister‐NSW 1,051,275 4 LegalPractice 657,254 5 Business 472,7196 LegalPractice 409,435 7 LegalPractice 372,919 8 LegalPublisher 312,2479 LegalPractice 228,70310 LegalPractice 198,532 11 Barrister‐WA 191,405 12 LegalPractice 152,683 13 LegalPractice 136,350 14 LegalPractice 112,723 15 LegalPractice 110,608 16 Barrister‐Vic 102,99317 LegalPublisher 101,50618 LegalPractice 80,17419 LegalPractice 76,65520 LegalPractice 76,058 21 LegalPractice 75,74022 LegalPractice 74,94823 LegalPractice 72,73724 LegalPractice 64,64425 LegalPractice 64,346 26 Business 57,65627 LegalPractice 57,14628 LegalPractice 55,767 29 LegalPractice 53,081 30 LegalPractice 51,37831 LegalPractice 48,222 32 LegalPractice 47,765 33 LegalPractice 47,76234 LegalPractice 47,65235 Barrister 40,37236 LegalPractice 39,47737 Business 39,10738 LegalPractice 38,03439 LegalPractice 36,99140 Barrister 36,358 41 LegalPractice 35,72242 LegalPractice 34,67943 LegalPractice 33,92744 LegalPractice 33,84345 LegalPractice 33,19546 LegalPractice 32,94647 LegalPractice 32,59948 Barrister‐SA 32,47349 LegalPractice 32,02550 LegalPractice 31,842

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EDUCATIONSECTOR

TheeducationsectorinAustraliarepresentednearly26%ofAustLII’stopidentifiedusersin2013.AllUniversitiesinAustraliauseAustLIIandalmostallofthemprovideacontributiontowardsitsfunding.TotalusagefromtheUniversitysectorin2013wasnearlysevenmillionrequests.WearealsonoticingincreaseduseofAustLIIresourcesfromsomeinternationaluniversitiesincludingtheUniversitiesofOxford,Cambridge,Stanford,Princeton,AucklandandtheNationalUniversityofSingapore.

MostAustralianUniversitiesmakeafinancialcontributiontoAustLIIbecausetheyrecogniseAustLII’svaluetotheirteachingandresearch,andthatthecostsofitsoperationneedtobewidelyshared.WearehopefulthatinfutureyearsallAustralianuniversitieswillbeinapositiontoprovidefinancialsupport.

NSW, 2,192,088

Vic, 1,418,093

Qld, 1,066,079

ACT, 264,567

WA, 322,019

SA, 329,367

Tas, 200,799 NT, 31,367

Number of requests from Universities based on jurisdiction in 2013

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GOVERNMENTSECTOR

Thegovernmentsectorin2013represented29%ofAustLII’stopidentifiableusers.Asignificantamountofgovernmentuseisidentifiableatagencylevel,includingCommonwealth,StateandTerritorygovernmentagencies.AlsoincludedinthisfigureisthesubstantialuseofAustLIIresourcesbythevariouscourts,tribunalsandotherregulators,mostofwhosedecisionsAustLIIre‐publishes.

AustLIIreceivesfundingsupportfromthefederalandstategovernmentsthroughtheNationalJusticeCEO’sgroup.InadditionanumberofcourtsandtribunalsmakesignificantcontributionsthusrecognisingthevalueoftheservicetheAustLIIFoundationprovides.

Jurisdiction NumberofRequestsin2013FederalGovernmentUsage 4,216,625State/TerritoryGovernmentUsage 5,749,531TotalIdentifiedGovernmentUsage 9,966,156

Cth, 4,216,625

Vic, 2,289,143

NSW, 1,851,747

Qld, 244,091

WA, 634,403

SA, 668,777 ACT, 55,413 Tas, 3,349 NT, 2,608

Number of identified requests from Australian governments in 2013

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INTERNATIONALSYSTEMSANDDEVELOPMENTS

TheAustLIIResearchCentreoperatesthreemulti‐LIIsystemsforinternationalfreeaccesslegalinformation(AsianLII,CommonLIIandWorldLII)incooperationwithagroupofcollaboratingLegalInformationInstitutesbasedinothercountries(whichwecallthe‘WorldLIIConsortium’).AustLIIhasdevelopedtheonlyinternationalfreeaccesscaseandjournalarticlecitator(LawCite)andoperatesitinconjunctionwiththesamegroupofcollaboratingLIIs.TheAustLIIResearchCentrehasassistedothernationsandregionstodeveloponlineaccesstotheirlawssince1999,usingopensourcesoftwareandotherLIItoolsdevelopedbyAustLII.AllofAustLII’sdevelopmentofmulti‐LIIsystems,itsjointoperationofoverseasLIIs,andtheassistanceitgivestoothercollaboratingLIIsformaintenanceanddevelopmentoftheirsystems,isfundedbygrantsforthesepurposes(seenextsection).

DATABASESSEARCHABLETHROUGHMULTI‐LIISYSTEMS

SeventeenLIIsnowcollaborateinprovidingthedatabasessearchableviaWorldLII.ThefollowingtablesetsouttheapproximatenumbersofdatabasessearchablefromeachoftheportalsoperatedbyAustLII(AsianLII,CommonLIIandWorldLII)asat31December2013,andthenumberofdatabasesfoundoneachcooperatingLIIallowingtheirdatatobesearchedaspartofthesesystems.The‘Countries’columnindicatesthenumberofcountriesthataparticularLIIaddstothetotalnumberofcountrieswhosedatabasesaresearchableviaWorldLII.

Tableofsearchabledatabasesinmulti‐LIIsystems(asat31December2013)

Systems AsianLII CommonLII WorldLII Countries AsianLII 166 0 166 23 *AustLII 0 484 484 1 BAILII 0 89 89 4 CommonLII 36 73 73 22 *CyLaw 0 6 6 1 Droit.org 0 0 1 1 HKLII 34 34 34 1 LawPhil 16 0 16 1 LIICornell 0 0 3 1 LiberLII 0 0 8 1 *NZLII 0 80 80 1 *LIIofIndia 154 154 154 1 *PacLII 25 265 265 19 SAFLII 0 87 87 8 SamLII 0 24 24 1 *ULII 0 16 16 1 WorldLII 0 0 107 55 *2013Total 431 1312 1613 142 6122012Total 433 1279 1635 183 5952011Total 430 1204 1552 182 5552010Total 300 905 1205 164 408

During2013,thetotalnumberofdatabasesavailableforsearchingviaWorldLIIwentdownslightly,whereasthetotalnumberavailableviaCommonLIIcontinuedtoincrease.TheprincipalreasonforthechangeinrelationtoWorldLIIisthattheGlobalLegalInformationNetwork(GLIN)attheUSLibraryofCongressisnolongeroperating,so49databasespreviously

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availableviaWorldLIIarenolongeravailable.Inaddition,fiftydatabasespreviouslyavailableviaSAFLIIarenowavailableonlyonindividualLIIsinAfricancountries,butnotyetsearchableviaWorldLII.

AustLIImaintains612oftheseinternationaldatabases(anincreasefrom595in2011),inadditiontothe484AustraliandatabasesonAustLII.TheyareonsevenLIIs(marked*).

ThenumberofdatabasessearchableviaWorldLIIwasnotrecordedforitsfirstfewyearsofoperationfrom2002,butoverthepastfewyears(asrecordedinAustLIIreportstoLIImeetings,andintheseannualreviews),therateofexpansionofsearchabledatabasesisasfollows:

INTERNATIONALSYSTEMSUSAGE

Therearetwomeasuresofaccessestothemulti‐LIIsystemswithwhichAustLIIcooperates(WorldLII,CommonLIIandAsianLII):(i)accesstothedatabasesofcollaboratingLIIsresultingfromsearchesviathemulti‐LIIsystems;and(ii)accessestodatabasesmaintainedbyAustLIIlocatedonthemulti‐LIIsystems.AustLIIdoesnotholdaccessstatisticson(i),asthoseaccessesareonlyrecordedonthesystemsconcerned.BecausethenumbersofdocumentsonAustLII,BAILII,PacLIIetcarefarlargerthanthenumbersofdocumentsindatabaseslocatedonAsianLII,WorldLIIorCommonLII,itislikelythat(i)ismuchlargerthan(ii).Thestatisticsbelowrelateonlyto(ii).

In2013,therewereover31millionaccessestothenon‐AustraliandatabasesmaintainedbyAustLIIandlocatedonAsianLII,CommonLII,NZLII,LIIofIndia,LiberLII,SamLIIandWorldLIIpluscitatorrecordsonLawCiteandCatalogpages.AustLIIblocksspideringofcaselawonanyoftheseservices.

Thefollowingchartshowsthetop10mostrequesteddatabasesmaintainedbyAustLII,bycountryorgrouping(excludingdatabasesonAustLII).Themostpopularinternationaldatabasesin2013arefromNewZealand,theInternationalCourtsandTribunals(aswellasinter‐governmentorganisations),SriLanka,ChinaandIndia.TheUKaccessesrefertotheEnglishReports1220‐1873locatedonCommonLII.

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Number of databases searchable via WorldLII

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BecausethereisahighlevelofoverlapbetweendatabasesmaintainedbyAustLIIsearchableviaAsianLII,CommonLIIandWorldLII,separatestatisticsarenotgivenbelowforeachofthesemulti‐LIIsystems.

DEVELOPMENTSININDIVIDUALSYSTEMS

InadditiontomaintainingWorldLII,CommonLIIandAsianLII,AustLIIalsocooperateswithanumberofpartnerinstitutionsinindividualcountriesbyjointlymanagingontheAustLIIinfrastructurethedatabasesoftheseLIIs(NZLII,SamLII,LiberLIIandSamLII).During2013,highlightsofdevelopmentsonsomeofthesesystemsareasfollows:

During2013thesuccessfulpartnershipbetweenNZLIIandAustLIIcontinued,withthirteennewdatabasesbeingaddedtoNZLII.NZLIIDirector,AssociateProfessorDonnaBuckinghamalsogaveanAustLIIResearchSeminar,andNZLIIstaffutilisedAustLII’sdigitisationfacilitiestoaddanumberofrarematerialstoNZLIIdatabases.The13newdatabasesare:

NewZealandRealEstateAgentsLicensingBoard1984‐ NewZealandPharmacyAuthority1978‐ CourtsMartialAppealCourtofNewZealand1988‐ NewZealandLegalAidReviewPanel2001‐

0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000

Pakistan

Bermuda

Malaysia

United Kingdom

Vietnam

India

China

Sri Lanka

International Courts

New Zealand

Top ten most popular international and country databases in 2013

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NewZealandVictims'SpecialClaimsTribunal2009‐ NewZealandOnlineMediaStandardsAuthority2013‐ NewZealandAdvertisingStandardsAuthority2001‐ NewZealandRealEstateAgentsAuthority2010‐ NewZealandLostCases1842‐1882 NewZealandAlcoholRegulatoryandLicensingAuthority2013‐ NewZealandReviewAuthority2011‐ NewZealandSupremeCourtTranscripts2011‐ NewZealandLawStudents’Journal2010‐

Attheendof2013,AustLIIanditspartneracademicinstitutionsinIndiaagreedthatAustLIIwouldresumesolecontroloftheLegalInformationInstituteofIndia(LIIofIndia)<http://www.liiofindia.org/>withtheconclusionofthecurrentAusAIDandARC‐fundedphaseofLIIofIndia’sdevelopment.TheIndianacademicinstitutionshaveindicatedtheirintentiontocontinueworkingwith

AustLIItodeveloptheresourcesonLIIofIndia.

TheCommonwealthLegalInformationInstitute(CommonLII)<http://www.commonlii.org/>providesaccesstolawsfrom59Commonwealthandcommonlawjurisdictions.The2013highlightofCommonLII’sdevelopmentwastheexpansionoftheCaribbeanLawProject

<http://www.commonlii.org/caribbean/>.WithfundingassistancefromtheCommonwealthSecretariat’sLegal&ConstitutionalAffairsDivision(ComSecLCAD),thefollowingsevennewdatabaseswereaddedtotheProject,aswellasallexistingdatabasesbeingupdated,resultinginmorethan10,000searchabledocumentsintheproject’sdatabases.Thenewdatabasesare:

BermudaConsolidatedRegulations BermudaNumberedLegislation BermudaNumberedRegulations CourtofAppealforBermuda2007‐ SupremeCourtofBermuda2007‐ BahamasConsolidatedRegulations‐ AntiguaandBarbudaActs

AustLIIalsocontinuedtodevelopandmaintaintheCommonwealthCriminalLawLibrary<http://www.commonlii.org/int/special/crimlaw/>withComSecLCADsupport.

COLLABORATIONSWITHOTHERLEGALINFORMATIONINSTITUTES

AustLIIcontinuestocollaboratewithanumberofinternationalpartners.In2013,itworkedwiththePacificIslandsInformationInstitute(PacLII)toassistwiththedesign,selectionandpurchaseofreplacementITinfrastructureincludingserversandstorage.AustLIIpersonneltravelledtoVanuatutwiceduringtheyeartoparticipateinthePacLIIAdvisoryBoardandtoprovidegeneraltechnicalandotherassistance.

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LtoR:RossRayQC(Chair,SouthPacificLawyersAssoc),JohnDavidson(Minister‐Counsellor,AusAID),TuilomaNeroniSlade(SecretaryGeneral,PacificIslandsForumSecretariat),ProfRajeshChandra(Vice‐Chancellor,USP),KarenCollier(CthAGsDept),LenoreHamilton(Director,PacLII),JaindraKaran(USP),ProfAndrewMowbray(AustLII),ProfEricColvin(HeadofLaw,USP)

AustLIIalsoworkedcloselywiththeSouthernAfricanLegalInformationInstitute(SAFLII)toprovidegeneraltechnicalassistanceandinparticular,tohelpplanforthemigrationoftheSAFLIIsystemfromtheConstitutionalCourtinJohannesburgtotheUniversityofCapeTown.

LtoR:RogerGachago(CEO,SAFLII),ShirleyGilmore(UniofPretoria),AndrewMowbray(AustLII)

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AUSTLIIINVOLVEMENTINTHEFREEACCESSTOLAWMOVEMENT

AustLIIisoneofthefounders,andaveryactiveparticipantintheglobalFreeAccesstoLawMovement(FALM),whichhad54membersattheendof2013,havingaddedfivenewmembersduringtheyear.AlistofmembersisattheFALMwebsite<http://www.fatlm.org>,asistheDeclarationofFreeAccesstoLaw(2002,asamended)towhichAustLIIandothermemberssubscribe.ThelogosofthemembersofFALMareshownbelow.

AustLIIpresentedpapersatthe2013‘LawviaInternet’Conference,hostedbytheJerseyLegalInformationBoard.BeforeandduringtheConference,AustLIIDirectorsassistedindevelopingthetermsofreferenceforanewSecretariatforFALM,whichwasestablishedbytheFALMMeetingheldonthedaypriortotheLawviaInternetConference.AustLIIcontinuestohostandmaintaintheFALMmemberspagefortheSecretariat.AustLII’sproposaltohostthe2015LawviaInternetConferencehasbeenwelcomedbytheFALMmembership,andwillbethesubjectofaformalhostingproposalduring2014.AustLIIFoundationLtdsupportstheAustLIIResearchCentreinhostingthe2015Conference.TheLawviaInternetConferencesoriginatedwithAustLII,andwerehostedbyAustLIIin1997,1999,2001and2003.

FALMmembersattheLawviatheInternetConference2013inJersey,ChannelIslandsincludingAustLIICo‐DirectorsProfGrahamGreenleaf,ProfAndrewMowbrayandPhilipChung

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RESEARCH

OneofthetwomainfunctionsoftheAustLIIResearchCentreistocarryoutresearchinthefieldoflegalinformationsystems,whichcanusuallybecharacterisedas‘appliedresearch’.Fundingforthisresearchcomesfromvarioussources,includingconventionalresearchgrants(suchasAustralianResearchCouncilLinkagegrants),butresearchisalsoveryoftengeneratedbyresearchinfrastructuregrants(ARCLIEForotherwise)orinternationaldevelopmentgrants(includingAusAID,ComSec)wherethegoalsofinfrastructuredevelopmentposeresearchissueswhichmustberesolved.AustLIIisa‘researchinaction’organisation.

RESEARCHANDRESEARCHINFRASTRUCTUREGRANTS

AustLIIappliesforcompetitivegrantsforresearchandresearchinfrastructuredevelopmentofnewdatabasesandservices.In2013,AustLIIworkedontwoexistingAustralianResearchCouncil(ARC)researchgrantsandreceivedfundingfortwonewARCgrants.

THEAUSTRALASIANLEGALSCHOLARSHIPLIBRARY

In2013,AustLIIcompletedtheworkinYear1oftheAustralasianLegalScholarshipLibraryproject.ThisworkisfundedunderanARCLinkageInfrastructure,EquipmentFacilities(LIEF)grantentitled“TheAustralasianLegalScholarshipLibrary:Newcontentandsophisticationforaworld‐leadinglegalscholarshiprepositoryandcitator”.ThegrantfromtheARCisfor$290,000with10partnercontributionstotalinganadditional$400,000.

TheInvestigatorsofthisprojectare:ProfGrahamGreenleaf(UNSW),ProfAndrewMowbray(UTS),ProfAndrewKenyon(Melbourne),ProfBrianFitzgerald(ACU),ProfMichaelBlakeney(UWA),ProfAnneTwomey(Sydney),ProfPeterCane(ANU),ProfDanSvantesson(Bond),ProfArieFreiberg(Monash),A/ProfLeightonMcDonald(ANU),A/ProfDavidRolph(Sydney),MrAndrewWells(UNSW),ProfAndrewByrnes(UNSW),ProfRossGrantham(UQ),ProfAnitaStuhmcke(UTS),andProfJanetChan(UNSW).

Workcompletedin2013includedupdatingofexistingAustralianlawjournals;updatingthelawreformcollections;additionofnewsecondarymaterialsdatabases;andconductingnegotiationsfornewcontent.

ParticipantsattheMeetingoftheChiefInvestigatorsoftheARCLIEFgrantentitled‘TheAustralasianLegalScholarshipLibrary’projectincludingAustLII’sCo‐DirectorsProfGrahamGreenleaf,ProfAndrewMowbray,andPhilipChung.

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Investigator OrganisationProfAndrewMowbray UTSProfGrahamGreenleaf UNSWDrLisaFord UNSWProfAmandaNettelbeck UniversityofAdelaideProfRossGrantham UniversityofQueenslandA/ProfAnneTwomey UniversityofSydneyProfMarkFinnane GriffithUniversityProfJohnWilliams UniversityofAdelaideProfAndrewBuck MacquarieUniversityEm/ProfBruceKercher MacquarieUniversityProfMichaelAdams UniversityofWesternSydneyA/ProfRobertFoster UniversityofAdelaideA/ProfStefanPetrow UniversityofTasmaniaDrCatherineBond UNSWProfShaunnaghDorsett UTSProfMarkLunney AustralianNationalUniversityA/ProfPeterMcDermott UniversityofQueenslandEm/ProfWilfridPrest UniversityofAdelaideMsJudithJones AustralianNationalUniversityProfHelenIrving UniversityofSydneyProfMargaretOtlowski UniversityofTasmaniaMrNaishPeterson AustralianLawLibrariansAssociation

AUSTRALASIANLEGALHISTORYLIBRARY

In2011,AustLII(viaitshostuniversitiesUTSandUNSW)collaboratedwithtenUniversitiestoobtainanAustralianResearchCouncil(ARC)LIEF(Linkage,Infrastructure,EquipmentandFacilities)grant(commencedin2012)tobuildtheAustralasianLegalHistoryLibrary.TheARCprovided$330,000,withthepartnerinstitutionsprovidingthebalanceofthetotalprojectbudgetof$751,000.TheobjectoftheLibraryistobenefittheresearchofspecialistlegalhistorians;researchersinallaspectsofthehumanitiesbecauseoftheextenttowhichlawandlegalinstitutionspermeatetheirwork;familyandlocalhistoryresearchers;andallpractisinglawyersbecauseofthecontinuingrelevanceofhistoricalcaselawandlegislationtocurrentlegalproblems.TheAustralasianLegalHistoryLibraryprovidescomprehensivelegislationfromallcolonies(subsequentlyAustralianStates,TerritoriesorNewZealand)upto1950andinmostinstancesbeyondthisdatesuchthatthecollectionformostjurisdictionsisnowcomplete.TheLibraryalsocontainssubstantialcolonialcaselawcollectionsaswellastheauthorisedseriesofreportsfromallStates(exceptQueensland)to1950andinsomecasesbeyondthis.ThesematerialsareincludedaspartofthestandardAustLIIcollection.UsingAustLII’sautomatedcitatorLawCite,itispossibletoshowhowthesematerialshavebeenusedbycourtshistoricallyandhowtheyarestillbeingusedincurrentlegaldecisions.

“Itisdifficultformetooverstatetheimportanceofthisproject,bothasawholeandinrelationtowhatwearecelebratingtonight,namelythepublicationoftheNSWStateReports…makingthisinformationfreelyaccessiblewillbeofimmenseassistancetopractitioners,aswellastoallthoseinvolvedinlegalorhistoricalresearch…Thefreeandopendisseminationofinformationisalwaysimportant,andallthemoresowhenitrelatestotheadministrationofjustice.”

TheHonourableTomBathurst,ChiefJusticeofNewSouthWales,17June2013

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InordertoundertakethisprojectAustLIIinvestedasignificantamountoftheARCgrantfundingtoacquirenewresourcestoenablethedigitisationoflegalresourcesheldaspaperrecords.Thisequipmentincluded:

TreventusScanRobotfornon‐destructivehighqualityscanningofrarebooksandmanuscripts;and

AnadditionalhighspeedCanonImageFormuladoublesidedscannerforthedestructivescanningofstandardpapertexts.

AustLIIisnowresourcedtomakedigitalcopiesofrareandvaluablelegaltextsinanautomatedbutentirelysafeprocessthatdoesnodamagetotheitem.TheTreventusScanRobotwasdesignedinAustriaspecificallytohandlepreciousancientmanuscripts.Theprocessusesairtofanandgentlyturnthepagesofthebookyetisstillabletoproduceahighqualitydigitalscanatarateofapproximately1200pagesperhour.AustLII’sscanneriscurrentlyoneofonlythreeinAustralia.

“[T]hedigitalisationof,andgreateraccessibilityto,historicalreportsisofgreatimportance.ItisimportantfirstofallasahistoricalrecordofthechanginglegalandsocialconditionsoflifeinSouthAustralia.However,thereportsarealsoofgreatimportanceinprovidinganunderstandingofthedevelopmentofthelaw.”

TheHonourableChrisKourakis,ChiefJusticeofSouthAustralia,7August2013

LtoR:ProfAndrewMowbray,theHonChrisKourakis,ProfJohnWilliams,andPhilipChung

AsthescanningandprocessingofthehistoriclawreportseriesforeachstatewerecompletedAustLIIlaunchedeachserieswithaneventatwhichtherelevantstateChiefJusticewastheguestofhonour.LauncheswereheldinNewSouthWales,SouthAustralia,WesternAustraliaandTasmania.TheVictorianReportsandtheVictorianLawReportswerelaunchedin2012.“ThelaunchoftheWesternAustralianLawReportsdatabaseistobewelcomednotonlyasasignificantadvanceintheprovisionoffreeaccesstoWesternAustralia'slegalhistory,butalsoasafurtherstepinimprovingtheaccessibilityandtransparencyofourlegalsystemtothebroadercommunity…theonlinefacilitiesofthekindwhichwecommemoratetodayprovideanextremelyvaluableweaponinthearmourywhichisavailabletocombatthevariousbarrierstoimprovingaccesstojusticeforall.”

TheHonourableWayneMartin,ChiefJusticeofWesternAustralia,15November2013.

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On18DecembertheChiefJusticeofTasmania,theHonourableAlanBlowlaunchedtheuploadoftheTasmanianLawReports1897‐1940.Inaddition,withthesupportoftheSupremeCourtofTasmania,theCouncilofLawReportingforTasmaniaandThomsonReuters,AustLIIwasalsoabletomakeavailableSupremeCourtdecisionscontainedintheStateReportsofTasmaniafrom1941‐1978andtheTasmanianReportsfrom1979‐1991.ThismeansthatinthejurisdictionsofVictoriaandTasmaniathereisnowacompletesequentialrecordofSupremeCourtdecisionsfromtheearliesttimestothepresentday.

“[I]tisamajorachievementtohavetheauthorisedreportsofourSupremeCourtfortheyears1897to1991availableonline…AustLIIisanAustraliansuccessstory.Itisatriumphofcommonsense.Sinceitsestablishmentin1995,ithasperformedanexcellentserviceinmakinglegalinformationfreelyavailabletoall.Itsconcepthasbeencopiedinothercountries.”

TheHonourableAlanBlow,ChiefJusticeofTasmania,18December2013.

Abeneficialspin‐offofthehistoryprojectisthatAustLIInowhastheinfrastructureavailabletoundertakespecificprojectsformanyofourkeystakeholdergroupstosupporttheirparticularneeds.Thefollowingaretwoexamplesofrecentlycompletedprojectsthatutilisedournewdigitisationinfrastructureandhavestakeholderfundingsupport.TheAustralianLawLibrarians'Association,togetherwithmajorlawfirmsAllens,Mallesons,Freehills,andArnoldBlochLeiblerhaveprovidedfundingandthepapercopydatatoaddtoAustLII’sholdingsofBillsandExplanatoryMemorandafortheCommonwealth,NewSouthWalesandVictoriafortheperiodfromthemid1970’stothestartoftheonlinerecordforthesematerials.Thecoalindustry,asrepresentedbytheConstructionForestryMiningandEngineeringUnion(MiningDivision)andtheNSWMineralsCouncil,stillreliesheavilyondecisionsmadebytheCoalIndustryTribunalduringitsexistencefrom1947to1995.Howeverthepaperrecordofthesedecisionsisextremelyrare.ToimprovegeneralindustryaccesstothesedecisionstheindustryagreedtofundthecostofthedigitisationanduploadontoAustLIIofthecompletedecisionsoftheAustralianCoalIndustryTribunal.ThisturnedouttobeamorecomplextaskthanfirstthoughtasitwasnecessarytocombinevolumesobtainedfromtheCFMEUMiningDivisionandemployermembersoftheNSWMineralsCouncil.Indeed,forsomedecisionstheonlyexistingmastercopyfromtheFairWorkCommissionhadtobenon‐destructivelyscannedinordertomakeavailablethecompletesetofdecisionsofthisimportanthistoricaltribunal.OverthecomingyearsAustLIIwillactivelyseekrelevantindustrysupporttomakefreelyavailablemorehistoricalandotherlegalresourcesofinterestandrelevancetothecommunity.

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AUSTRALASIANLEGALHISTORYLIBRARYDATABASES

Commonwealth CommonwealthofAustraliaNumberedActs1901‐

CommonwealthBills1981‐ CommonwealthBillsExplanatoryMemoranda1980‐

CommonwealthLawReports1903‐1950(3422decisions)

AustralianCoalIndustryTribunal1940‐1995(4860decisions)

NewSouthWales NewSouthWalesActsAsMade1824‐ NSWBills1979‐ NSWBillsExplanatoryNotes1978‐ SuperiorCourtsofNewSouthWales1788‐1899(2329decisions)

LawReports(NewSouthWales)1880‐1900(1977decisions)

StateReports(NewSouthWales)1901‐1950(4304decisions)

Victoria VictorianHistoricalActs1851‐1995 VictorianBills1967‐ VictorianBillsExplanatoryMemoranda1967‐

VictorianLawReports1874‐1956(9157decisions)

VictorianReports1953‐1996(3792decisions)

SupremeCourtofVictoria(UnreportedJudgments)1953‐1998(19202decisions)

VictorianGovernmentGazettes1851‐1999(32942documents)

VictorianStatuteLawRevisionCommittee1949‐1965(120documents)

Queensland QueenslandHistoricalActs1867‐1951 SuperiorCourtsofNewSouthWales‐MoretonBay1851‐1859(287decisions)

WesternAustralia WesternAustralianNumberedActs1832‐

SuperiorCourtsofWesternAustralia1840‐1849(332decisions)

WesternAustralianLawReports1898‐1958(1857decisions)

SouthAustralia SouthAustralianNumberedActs1837‐ SuperiorCourtsofSouthAustralia1837‐1864(1925decisions)

SouthAustralianLawReports1863‐1920(1210decisions)

SouthAustralianStateReports1921‐1950(1794decisions)

Tasmania TasmanianNumberedActs1826‐ SuperiorCourtsofTasmania1824‐1843(563decisions)

TasmanianLawReports1897‐1940(926decisions)

TasmanianStateReports1941‐1978(639decisions)

TasmanianReports1979‐1991(310decisions)

AustralianCapitalTerritory AustralianCapitalTerritoryNumberedOrdinances1911‐

NorthernTerritory NorthernTerritoryNumberedOrdinances1960‐1978

NorthernTerritoryReprintedOrdinancesasat1January1961

NorthernTerritoryNumberedRegulations1961‐1988

NorthernTerritoryReprintedRegulationsasat1January1967

NewZealand(foundatNZLII) NewZealandActsAsEnacted1841‐1907 NewZealandLostDecisionsProject1841‐1882(4403decisions)

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AUTHORITYANDINTEGRITYOFPRIMARYLEGALMATERIALS

In2013,AustLII(viaitshostuniversitiesUTSandUNSW)andsevencollaboratingpartnerinstitutionsweresuccessfulinobtaininganARCLinkagegrantentitled“Re‐inventingauthorityandintegrityofprimarylegalsourcesfortheonlineworld,usingfreeaccesstomakethelegalsystemmoreefficientandjust”.Thisisathreeyeargrantfor$150,000fromtheARCwithanadditional$114,000frompartnerinstitutions.OurindustrypartnersinthisprojectincludetheHighCourtofAustralia,theFamilyCourtofAustralia,theFederalCircuitCourt,theSupremeCourtLibraryofVictoria,theDepartmentofForeignAffairsandTrade,theOfficeoftheQueenslandParliamentaryCounselandtheOfficeoftheChiefParliamentaryCounselofVictoria.

Theprincipalaimsofthisprojectare:

Todeterminetheroleofthehistoricalsystemofauthorisedreportsofcaselawinthecontextoftheubiquitousinternetavailabilityofallcaselawandhowthiscanbereconciledwiththeadvantageoffree‐accessinternetdistribution;

Totestandvalidatealternativemethodsofpreparinganddistributingauthorisedreports;

Todeterminehowcourtsandtribunalsoutsidetheexistingsystemofauthorisedreportscanbestensurethattheirdecisionspublishedviatheinternethaveauthorityandintegrity;and

Todeterminethebestpracticebywhichtreatiescanbeprovidedonlinewithauthorityandintegrity.

TheInvestigatorsofthisprojectare:ProfAndrewMowbray(UTS),ProfGrahamGreenleaf(UNSW),ProfDanSvantesson(Bond),ProfAnitaStuhmcke(UTS),ProfJillHunter(UNSW),MrDavidMason(DepartmentofForeignAffairsandTrade),MrJohnButera(OfficeoftheChiefParliamentaryCounselofVictoria),MsLynNewlands(FamilyCourtofAustralia),MsLaurieAtkinson(SupremeCourtofVictoria),MrAndrewPhelan(HighCourtofAustralia),JudgeGrantRiethmuller(FederalCircuitCourt),andMsStaceyTalbot(OfficeoftheQueenslandParliamentaryCounsel).

INTERNATIONALLAWLIBRARY

Attheendof2013,AustLII(viaitshostuniversitiesUTSandUNSW)and10partnerinstitutionsweresuccessfulinobtaininganotherARCgrantentitled“TheinternationallawlibraryonWorldLII:Newcontentandfacilitiesfortheleadingrepositoryandcitatorforinternationallaw”.ThisisaLIEFresearchinfrastructuregrantfor$284,000withanadditional$395,000contributionfrompartnerinstitutions.

TheInvestigatorsofthisprojectare:ProfAndrewMowbray(UTS),ProfGrahamGreenleaf(UNSW),ProfAndrewByrnes(UNSW),ProfErikaTechera(UWA),ProfDonaldRothwell(Sydney),ProfChesterBrown(Sydney),A/ProfAnthonyCassimatis(UQ),ProfDanSvantesson(Bond),ProfJaneMcAdam(UNSW),ProfRossBuckley(UNSW),ProfAnaVrdoljak(UYS),A/ProfJulieDebeljak(Monash),ProfDianneOtto(Melbourne),ProfMichaelBlakeney(UWA),A/ProfTimothyStephens(Sydney),ProfMichaelAdams(UWA),DrHitoshiNasu(ANU),A/ProfKevinHeller(Melbourne),ProfVaiIoLo(Bond),MrAndrewWells(UNSW),ProfHollyCullen(UWA),andDrRichardJoyce(Monash).

TheaimofthisprojectistoupdateandexpandtheInternationalLawLibraryonWorldLII.Itwillbecarriedoutduring2014and2015.

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OTHERGRANTSFORINTERNATIONALPROJECTS

During2013,AustLIIalsoreceivedanumberofsmallergrantsforinternationalprojects.Theseinclude:

CommonwealthSecretariatgrantfortheCommonwealthCriminalLawLibraryandCaribbeanLawonCommonLII:GBP20,000

JustisPublishingLimited(UK):AUD30,000 NewZealandMinistryofForeignAffairsandTrade:AUD7,500

RESEARCHPUBLICATIONSANDPRESENTATIONS

AustLIICo‐Directorspublishedthefollowingpapersandmadethefollowingpresentationsin2013:

GreenleafG,Mowbray,AandChungP,“Themeaningof‘freeaccesstolegalinformation’:Atwentyyearevolution”(onSSRN/LSN)(2013)JournalofOpenAccesstoLaw(JOAL),Vol1,No1

GreenleafG,Mowbray,AandChungP,‘FreeScholarship:DevelopingaNationalLegalScholarshipLibrary’–LawviaInternetConference,Jersey,September2013,[2013]UNSWLRS60

ChungP,Mowbray,AandGreenleafG,‘Linkinglegalthesauritoenablesemi‐automatedmultilingualsearching’–LawviaInternetConference,Jersey,September2013

Mowbray,A,ChungPandGreenleafG,‘Tenyearsafter:WhatWorldLIIoffersusers,andcollaboratingLIIs’–LawviaInternetConference,Jersey,September2013

AUSTLIIRESEARCHSEMINARSERIES

AustLIIoffersaseriesoflunchtimeseminarsonaspectsoflegalinformationsystemsbybothexternalpresentersandAustLIIpresenters.

AustLIIResearchSeminarSeries‐MichaelRubacki

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The2013seminarswereasfollows:

MichaelRubacki,“LegislationonlinefromAustraliangovernments:Achievementsandissues”–7May2013

GrahamGreenleaf,ProfessorofLaw&InformationSystemsatUNSWandAustLIICo‐Director,“PolicyfoundationsofAustLII:Oneapproachtofreeaccesstolaw”–4June2013

AndrewMowbray,ProfessorofLawatUTSandAustLIICo‐Director,“TheLawCitecitator–Itspotentialuses,andsomeheuristicsbehindit”–11July2013

PaulMaharg,ProfessorofLawatANU,“Convergentliteracies–legalresearch,legalinformaticsandlegaleducation”–13August2013

DanielPoulin,ProfessorofLawatUniversityofMontreal,“‘FreeAccesstoLaw’and‘OpenData’–SimilaritiesandDifferences”–19November2013

DonnaBuckingham,AssociateProfessorofLawatUniversityofOtago,“Oilyragsandonlineresolve:NZLIIandfreeaccesstolawinNewZealand”–2December2013

LtoR:ArminWittfoth,ChrisKenward,AndrewMowbray,DanielPoulin(LexUM),GrahamGreenleaf

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FOUNDATIONINCOME

TheAustLIIFoundationLimitedraisesdonationstomaintainAustLII’sAustralianinfrastructureandservices.In2013,theFoundationrevenuewas$998,645(including$915,145indonationsand$83,500ininterest).

AustLIIthanksalldonorsfortheirsupportin2013.ThesedonationsplayamajorpartinmakingAustLII’sservicessustainableandkeepingdatabasesuptodate.

LISTOFDONORSANDRESEARCHPARTNERS

Contributorsfallintotwocategories,thosethatprovidedonationstomaintainAustLII’sAustralianinfrastructureandservicesandthosethatareresearchpartnerstograntsforresearchanddevelopment.Researchpartnersaredenotedwith*.

ContributorsarepubliclyacknowledgedfortheircontributiononAustLIIsponsors’page(unlessanonymityisrequested)withtheamountsofcontributionrecorded:<http://www.austlii.edu.au/austlii/contributors/>

AustLIIthanksallits2013contributors,whicharelistedbelowbysector.

GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENTAGENCIES

AdministrationofNorfolkIslandAustralianGovernmentSolicitorAustralianTaxationOfficeCommonwealthOmbudsmanDepartmentofCommerce

DepartmentofForeignAffairsandTrade*NationalCompetitionCouncilNationalJusticeCEO'sGroupNational LegalAidCommissionNationalLibraryofAustralia

COURTS,TRIBUNALS&REGULATORS

ACTCivilandAdministrativeTribunalAdministrativeAppealsTribunalAustralianHealthPractitionerRegulationAgencyAustralianHumanRightsCommissionConsumer&TraderTenancyTribunalofNSWCouncilofAustralasianTribunalsPlanningPanelsVictoriaFairWorkAustraliaFairWorkOmbudsmanFamilyCourtofAustralia*FederalCourtofAustralia

Migration ReviewTribunal‐RefugeeReviewTribunalWAInformationCommissionerSAIndustrialRelationsCourtandCommissionSuperannuationComplaintsTribunalTakeoversPanel(DeptofTreasury)VictorianCivil&AdministrativeTribunalWAIndustrialRelationsCommissionTheHighCourtofAustralia*SupremeCourtLibrary(Vic)*FederalCircuit Court*NSWWorkersCompensationCommission

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EDUCATION

AustralianCatholicUniversity*AustralianNationalUniversity*BondUniversity*CollegeofLawCharlesDarwinUniversityCurtinUniversityEdithCowanUniversityJamesCookUniversityLaTrobeUniversityMonashUniversity*MurdochUniversityQueenslandUniversityofTechnologySouthernCrossUniversity

TheUniversityofMelbourne*TheUniversityofNewSouthWales****TheUniversityofSydney*UniversityofAdelaideUniversityofNewEnglandUniversityofNotreDameUniversityofQueensland*UniversityofSouthAustraliaUniversityofSouthernQueenslandUniversityofTasmania*UniversityofTechnology,Sydney***UniversityofWesternAustralia*VictoriaUniversity

**Inadditiontoitsfinancialcontribution,UTSprovidesphysicalpremisesfromwhichAustLIIstaffoperates.

***Inadditiontoitsfinancialcontribution,UNSWprovidesphysicalpremisesforsomeAustLIIstaffmembersandforbackupserverequipment.

COMMERCIAL

LEGALPROFESSION

(includeslawfirms,barristers’chambers,individualsolicitorsandbarristers,patent&trademarkattorneysandmigrationagents)

AboriginalLegalService(NSW/ACT)LimitedAdrianBatterbyLawyerAitkenPartnersAlecLeopoldSCAlistairPoundAllen&OveryAllensAnchorLegalAndrewSinclairArmstrongLegalArnoldBlochLeiblerAshurstAustralianWorkplaceLawyersAviationLawAssocofAustraliaandNewZealandBartierPerryBartleyCohenBellLawyersPtyLtdBillPiperBobLockeBucknerJonesButlersWillDisputeLawyersClareThompsonClaytonUtzCMMQuayLegalGroupCogillWoodsLegalServicesPtyLtdColinBiggers&PaisleyConnollySuthers

CooperGraceWardCorrsChambersWestgarthCouncilofLawReportingforTasmaniaCouncilofLawReportinginVictoriaCowellClarkeCraigColvinCurwoodsLawyersDaviesCollisonCaveDenmanChambersDever'sListDibbsBarkerDonaldsonWalshDoogueO'BrienGeorgeDSALegalCostConsultantsPtyLtdE&ALawyersEdwardGrayElsonPow&AssociatesEquipeLawyersFenwickElliottGraceForbesChambersPtyLimitedForteFamilyLawyersFrancisBurtChambersFrancisCommercialLawyersPtyLtdGadensGaryTestroGeoffHancyGeorgeGeorgiou

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GeorgeLombardConsultancyGilbert&TobinGrahamsSolicitorsGreenwoods&FreehillsHansonChambersHarryDixonSCHarwoodAndrewsLawyersHenryDavisYorkHerbertSmithFreehillsHWLEbsworthLawyersI&TSolicitorsIngmarTaylorJamesJIslesJanineGleesonJeffcottChambersJeffreyLoewensteinJMALegalPtyLtdJohnTooheyChambersJohnsonWinter&SlatteryJulianBurnsideAOQCK&LGatesKateEastmanKenBarlowSCKristineHanscombeKyrimisLawyersLawCPDLipmanKarasLynchMeyerLawyersMakinson&d'ApiceMargaretCritchlowMargaretRileyMarqueLawyersMartinWilloughby‐ThomasMaryAnneHartleySCMatthewHowardSCMauriceBlackburnMcCulloughRobertsonMichaelCoeMichaelHennessyMinterEllisonMooresLegalMurray&LyonsSolicitorsNewcastleChambersPtyLtd

NicholasSeddonNormanWaterhouseLawyersNorthsideLawNSWSocietyforComputersandtheLawOmond&CoPtyLtdOwenHodgeLaywersPaulBardPeterDowdingSCPeterHanksQCPeterVitalePeterWillisPhilipSolomonSCPhillipsOrmonde&FitzpatrickPiperAldermanProveyLegalRPEmery&AssociatesRickardsLegalRobinsonLockeLitigationLawyersRothsteinLawyerRussellKennedySanLingChanSchweizerKobrasSixthFloorStJamesHallChambersSpruson&FergusonStandleyLegalStephenWhiteStreeterlawSydneyLawyersStuartWoodTeeceHodgson&Ward,SolicitorsTressCoxLawyersTurnerFreemanTwelfthFloorChambersPtyLimitedUniversityChambersValerieHeathWalkerKissane&PlummerWellnersLawyersAnonymous(3)

BUSINESS&INDUSTRY

AMAVictoriaAustaxAccountantsAustralianManufacturingWorkers'UnionCartridgesDirectCCHAustraliaPublishingCFMEUCoalMiningIndustry(LSLFunding)Corporation

Counsel'sChambersLimitedCPDInteractiveCumpstonSarjeantPtyLtdFilamentPtyLtdIMF(Australia)LtdLegalPractitionersLiabilityCommitteeMagistratesCases

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Mercer(Australia)PtyLtdMeritonGroupNSWMineralsCouncilQuicksales

SingaporeAcademyofLawTheCommercialLawAssociationofAustraliaLtdZurichFinancialServicesAustLtd

LAWSOCIETIES&BARASSOCIATION

CentralQueenslandLawAssociationIncCommercialBarAssociationofVictoriaLawCouncilofAustraliaLawInstituteofVictoriaLawSocietyNorthernTerritory

LawSocietyofNewSouthWalesQueenslandBarAssociationTheLawSocietyofTasmaniaWesternAustralianBarAssociation

COMMUNITY

AmeliaFleming

AnnCunningham

AntonyComanos

FaisalZaiman

KenShiu

KevinBurges

LouiseandJohnSouthalan

MarcusColeman

MarkDreyfusQCMP

NickCheok

PaulBugler

RussellByard

Anonymous (7)

CONTRIBUTIONSFORAUSTLII’SINTERNATIONALPROJECTS

CommonwealthSecretariat(fundsforCommonLII)JustisPublishingLtd(UK)NewZealandMinistryofForeignAffairsandTrade(fundsforNewZealandTreaties)

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