2013 a c one hundred years of geochronology

1
One Hundred Years of Geochronology Guest Editors: Daniel J. Condon and Mark D. Schmitz 15 19 Sapropel Marl 2 Ma 6.8 7.0 7.2 FC28 FC32 FC24 Turbidite Crete Faneromeni 100km approx. location 35.2˚N, 26.2˚E 25 8 16 180 16 U O/ Hf O 31 39 45 53 One Hundred Years of Isotope Geochronology, and Counting Daniel J. Condon and Mark D. Schmitz Precision and Accuracy in Geochronology Blair Schoene, Daniel J. Condon, Leah Morgan, and Noah McLean High-Precision Geochronology Mark D. Schmitz and Klaudia F. Kuiper High-Spatial-Resolution Geochronology Alexander A. Nemchin, Matthew S. A. Horstwood, and Martin J. Whitehouse Dating the Oldest Rocks and Minerals in the Solar System Yuri Amelin and Trevor R. Ireland Time Constraints and Tie-Points in the Quaternary Period David A. Richards and Morten B. Andersen DEPARTMENTS Editorial – The Age of the Earth ....................... 3 From the Editors – Introducing Patricia Dove ............. 4 People in the News – Berner, Schopf, AGU Fellows ......... 6 Elements Toolkit – Field-Portable XRF .................. 7 Meet the Authors ............................... 12 Society News Association of Applied Geochemists ................... 58 The Clay Minerals Society ........................... 59 International Association of GeoChemistry .............. 60 International Association of Geoanalysts ................ 61 Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences ............. 62 Meteoritical Society ................................ 63 Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland ......... 64 Mineralogical Society of America ...................... 66 Geochemical Society ............................... 68 Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie .... 69 Mineralogical Association of Canada ................... 70 European Association of Geochemistry ................. 72 Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia .............. 74 Association Internationale pour l’Étude des Argiles ........ 75 Book Review Quantitative Mineralogy and Microanalysis in Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks .................. 76 Calendar ...................................... 77 Parting Shots A Record Brimful of Promise ............ 79 Advertisers in This Issue ......................... 80 ABOUT THE COVER: Zircon is among the premier geochronometers described in this issue. Illustrated is a Nomarski contrast image of an acid-etched zircon from a 4.03 Ga tonalite of the Acasta gneiss complex, Canada, with ion probe analysis craters labeled in millions of years (IMAGE COURTESY OF SAMUEL A. BOWRING AND IAN S. WILLIAMS). The background image shows zircon crystals on matrix from the Kola Peninsula (© MORGENSTJERNE | DREAMSTIME.COM). Revolution and Evolution: 100 Years of U–Pb Geochronology James M. Mattinson 1 Elements is published jointly by the Mineralogical Society of America, the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Mineralogical Association of Canada, the Geochemical Society, The Clay Minerals Society, the European Association of Geochemistry, the International Association of GeoChemistry, the Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, the Association of Applied Geochemists, the Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, the Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, the International Association of Geoanalysts, the Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne (Mineralogical Society of Poland), the Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, the Swiss Society of Mineralogy and Petrology, the Meteoritical Society, and the Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences. It is provided as a benefit to members of these societies. Elements is published six times a year. Individuals are encouraged to join any one of the partici- pating societies to receive Elements. Institutional subscribers to any of the following journals— American Mineralogist, Clay Minerals, Clays and Clay Minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, and The Canadian Mineralogist—also receive one copy of Elements as part of their 2013 subscription. Institutional subscriptions are available for US$160 (US$175 non-US addresses) a year in 2013. Contact the managing editor (tremblpi@ ete.inrs.ca) for information. Copyright 2013 by the Mineralogical Society of America All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form, including translation to other languages, or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission from the copyright holder is strictly prohibited. Publications mail agreement no. 40037944 Printed in USA ISSN 1811-5209 (print) ISSN 1811-5217 (online) www.elementsmagazine.org www.elements. geoscienceworld.org Volume 9, Number 1 • February 2013

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Page 1: 2013 A C One Hundred Years of Geochronology

One Hundred Years of Geochronology Guest Editors: Daniel J. Condon and Mark D. Schmitz

15

19

SapropelMarl

2

0 m

FaneromeniLa2004(1,1)

PrecessionInsolation

Ma

min max

6.6

6.8

7.0

7.2

3 ka

3 ka

A1

FC28

FC32

FC36

FC40

FC24

min max

Turbidite

FC28

CreteFaneromeni

100kmapprox. location35.2˚N, 26.2˚E

25

0

7

10 µm

a

238

1618

016

UO

/H

fO

10 µm

b

206

180

16P

b/H

fO

2.111

00.5

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.4

10 µm

207

206

Pb/

Pb

31

39

45

53

One Hundred Years of Isotope Geochronology, and CountingDaniel J. Condon and Mark D. Schmitz

Precision and Accuracy in Geochronology Blair Schoene, Daniel J. Condon, Leah Morgan, and Noah McLean

High-Precision GeochronologyMark D. Schmitz and Klaudia F. Kuiper

High-Spatial-Resolution Geochronology Alexander A. Nemchin, Matthew S. A. Horstwood, and Martin J. Whitehouse

Dating the Oldest Rocks and Minerals in the Solar SystemYuri Amelin and Trevor R. Ireland

Time Constraints and Tie-Points in the Quaternary PeriodDavid A. Richards and Morten B. Andersen

D e p a r t m e n t s

Editorial – The Age of the Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3From the Editors – Introducing Patricia Dove . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4People in the News – Berner, Schopf, AGU Fellows . . . . . . . . . 6Elements Toolkit – Field-Portable XRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Meet the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Society News

Association of Applied Geochemists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58The Clay Minerals Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59International Association of GeoChemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 International Association of Geoanalysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Meteoritical Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland . . . . . . . . .64Mineralogical Society of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66Geochemical Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie . . . .69Mineralogical Association of Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70European Association of Geochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Association Internationale pour l’Étude des Argiles . . . . . . . .75

Book Review – Quantitative Mineralogy and Microanalysis in Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Parting Shots – A Record Brimful of Promise . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Advertisers in This Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

About the Cover: Zircon is among the

premier geochronometers described in this issue.

Illustrated is a Nomarski contrast image of an

acid-etched zircon from a 4.03 Ga tonalite

of the Acasta gneiss complex, Canada, with

ion probe analysis craters labeled in millions of years (ImAge Courtesy of sAmuel A. bowrIng

And IAn s. wIllIAms). The background image

shows zircon crystals on matrix from the Kola

Peninsula (© morgenstjerne | dreAmstIme.Com).

Revolution and Evolution: 100 Years of U–Pb GeochronologyJames M. Mattinson

1

Elements is published jointly by the Mineralogical Society of America, the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Mineralogical Association of Canada, the Geochemical Society, The Clay Minerals Society, the European Association of Geochemistry, the Inter national Association of GeoChemistry, the Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, the Association of Applied Geochemists, the Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, the Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, the International Association of Geoanalysts, the Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne (Mineralogical Society of Poland), the Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, the Swiss Society of Mineralogy and Petrology, the Meteoritical Society, and the Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences. It is provided as a benefit to members of these societies.

Elements is published six times a year. Individuals are encouraged to join any one of the partici-pating societies to receive Elements. Institutional subscribers to any of the following journals— American Mineralogist, Clay Minerals, Clays and Clay Minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, and The Canadian Miner alogist—also receive one copy of Elements as part of their 2013 subscription. Institu tional subscriptions are available for US$160 (US$175 non-US addresses) a year in 2013. Contact the managing editor ([email protected]) for information.

Copyright 2013 by the Mineralogical Society of America

All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form, including translation to other languages, or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission from the copyright holder is strictly prohibited.

Publications mail agreement no. 40037944

Printed in USA

ISSN 1811-5209 (print) ISSN 1811-5217 (online)

www.elementsmagazine.orgwww.elements.geoscienceworld.org

Volume 9, Number 1 • February 2013