2013 02 frames rev 10-06-12

Primary Primary Framing Framing SystemsSystems

VP UniversityVP University

SCSCSCSCSCSCSCSCSC

DE

Scale Legend

Mile(s)

0 200 400

INIL

ID

IA

GA

FL

CT

CO

CA

AZ

AR

AL

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MD

MA

LA

KYKS

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

PA

OR

OK

OH

NY

NV

NM

WY

WV

WI

WA

SK

QC

ON

NB

MB

AB

Visalia Visalia

St. Joseph St. Joseph Turlock

San Marcos San Marcos

Monterrey, MX Monterrey, MX

Pine Bluff

MemphisMemphis

Jackson Jackson

Rainsville Rainsville

Laurinburg Laurinburg

Greensboro

Annville Annville

BlueScope BuildingsBlueScope BuildingsManufacturing FacilityManufacturing Facility

Sales & Engineering Office

VP Headquarters

Evansville Evansville

BlueScope Buildings NA BlueScope Buildings NA – Headquarters – Headquarters Kansas City, MOKansas City, MO

Greensboro

BlueScope Manufacturing and VP

Service Centers

Service Centers / Sales Regions

WestWest

NorthernNorthern

CentralCentral EasternEastern

12/9/10

Dry Cutting PlasmaDry Cutting Plasma(St. Joseph, Missouri)(St. Joseph, Missouri)

0005.wmv

WebsWebs

Conrac (welding)Conrac (welding)

Hand WeldHand Weld

Structural Steel Beam Compared to Pre-

engineered Beam of Equivalent Strength

GeometryGeometry

1515

Roof Slope = Rise/Run

X

12

GeometryGeometry

1616

Dimension to 1/16”

GeometryGeometry

1717

Dimension to 1/16”

Eave HeightEave Height

1818

Primary FramesPrimary Frames

Clear Span(Rigid Frame)

Modular(Continuous Beam)


http://www.daconstruction.com/steel.htm - Dick Anderson Construction

Primary Primary FramesFrames

Carry loads to the foundation Shop Coat is 1 mil thick and

gray* in color (bronze and red oxide also available at additional cost).

Spans and Eave Heights in increments of 1/16”

* as of VPCommand v8.0 February 14, 2010


232323

• All Structural Connections use A325T (Full Thread) Bolts (optional A490)

• ASTM F1852 Tension Control Bolt Option still available.

• All Secondary Connections (except girt to jambs) will be A325T (T = full-thread bolts) ½” x 1½” plated bolts.

Bolts

Pre-punched Holes

VP primary frames have pre-punched holes for purlin connections


Typical Connections(“A” splice plate)


Typical Connections (“B” splice plate)


Typical ConnectionsTypical Connections

Top Bolted Face Bolted Vertical Bolting Plate

Face-bolted Face-bolted column/raftercolumn/rafter

Factory Welded Factory Welded ClipsClips

Bolted clips used mainly on all export jobs. Avoids damage to welded clips and allows for easier packing of shipping containers.

Primary FramingPrimary Framing


Open Web

Solid Web

Primary FramesPrimary FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & BenefitsWhat roof pitches are available for Primary Frames?

–Usually 1/4:12 to 4:12, steeper pitches available if needed

What is the maximum eave height allowed?

–As required by the end userVP UniversityVP University

Good Year Blimp Good Year Blimp HangarHangar

Two-piece bolted Two-piece bolted columncolumn

Exterior Column Exterior Column VariationsVariations


Tapered StraightStraightTaperedStraightTapered

TaperedStraightTaperedStraight

Straight-TaperedStraight-Tapered

Tapered-StraightTapered-Straight

Interior Column Interior Column OptionsOptions

3-PlateBuilt-up

Pipe

Tube(Square)

Wide Flange

Triangle TubeTriangle Tube


Rigid Frame Rigid Frame


Rigid FramesRigid Frames

Rigid Frames (with Rigid Frames (with crane brackets)crane brackets)

Rigid Frame Cross Rigid Frame Cross SectionSection


RF with an Offset RidgeRF with an Offset Ridge


RF Single SlopeRF Single Slope


Loads to the Foundation


Forces

LOAD

LOAD

Rigid FramesRigid FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits

Why or when should this type of frame be used?

– When CLEAR SPANS are required

How wide can a Rigid Frame be?

– VP has done them up to 300’ wide


RF (Pitt Panthers-RF (Pitt Panthers-Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Steelers)Steelers)

Baumer ConstructionFt. Laramie, Ohio

Hickory Hill Concert Pavilion


Continuous Continuous BeamBeam


Continuous Beam Continuous Beam FramesFrames



Continuous Beam Frames

CB Frame w/ Offset CB Frame w/ Offset RidgeRidge


Interior Column at Interior Column at CBCB

CB Frame with CB Frame with Unequal ModulesUnequal Modules


CB with unequal CB with unequal spacingspacing

CB with unequal CB with unequal spacingspacing

Remember: Everywhere you add an Interior Column you have more foundation and more labor.

Int.Col. Spacing less than 30’-0” usually not economical.

CB Frame Options – any building shape



Features & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits When should this type of frame be used?

– Wide Span Buildings

What does adding interior columns do to the rafter?

– Makes it lighterVP UniversityVP University


Features & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits How does this affect the price of the rafter?

– The price decreasesHow wide can a CB frame be?

– VP has done them over 800’ wide



Unibeam Frames


Unibeam FramesUnibeam Frames

RF at same Span RF at same Span as UBas UB

Rigid Frame $2053 1362 lbs.

UniBeam $2380 1582 lbs.

Unibeam Features & Unibeam Features & BenefitsBenefits


TYPICAL RIGID FRAME

Unibeam Features & Benefits

Ceiling Line

• More vertical clearance at sidewalls with UB

• Straight Column with UB vs. Tapered with RF

Truss FramesTruss Frames

Wind Bent

CT-2

Patent for Clark Patent for Clark Prudhon’s Truss Frame Prudhon’s Truss Frame

- 1959- 1959

Open Web To Open Web To ColumnColumn

Rigid Frame TrussRigid Frame Truss

Truss BeamTruss Beam


Piping and wiring can be run through an open web frame...

... It doesn’t have to go under the frame.

Crane – VP / HybridCrane – VP / Hybrid

180 x 350 x 20180 x 350 x 20

2009 IBC2009 IBC

35 psf GS35 psf GS

20 LL20 LL

90 mph Wind90 mph Wind

50 ft. bays50 ft. bays

Sample Sample ProjectProject

Frame Frame ComparisonsComparisons

(Non-discounted prices shown)


Lean-to Lean-to Frames Frames


Lean-To FramesLean-To Frames


Below Eave Lean-to

At Eave

Lean-to

Lean-ToLean-To

End FramesEnd Frames

Post & Beam End Post & Beam End FramesFrames

MaterialsMaterials


Back-to-Back Cees

Cornerpost and Endpost G30 Acrylic; Rafter is 3-plate

3-Plate Built-Up3-Plate Built-Up

MaterialsMaterials

Cornerpost and Endpost G30 Acrylic; Rafter is 3-plate

•Endposts are:•G30 acrylic coated cold formed CEEs•riveted back-to-back CEEs•Single CEE (inset girts only)•3-plate welded solution as needed•Tube and Hot Roll endwall posts are an option.

•Endposts are:•G30 acrylic coated cold formed CEEs•riveted back-to-back CEEs•Single CEE (inset girts only)•3-plate welded solution as needed•Tube and Hot Roll endwall posts are an option.

Gage Endpost ABGage Endpost AB

Rigid Frame with End Rigid Frame with End PostsPosts


End Posts can be used with any frame type

Post and Beam Post and Beam StabilityStability

Automated diaphragm check; If fails, Rods may

automatically be designed… …Initially at interior bay… …Then at endbay(s)

100100

Post and Beam Post and Beam StabilityStability

101101

Half and Full-load Half and Full-load EndframesEndframes

Endpost “clipped” to rafter for wind

No vertical support provided

Half and Full-load Half and Full-load EndframesEndframes


Soldier / Wind Soldier / Wind ColumnColumn

A Soldier Column is used to reduce the span of the sidewall girts when long bays ( 30’-0” +) are required.

Soldier ColumnsSoldier

Columns


Post and Post and BeamBeam

Applied Design Concepts and Considerations


Moment Resisting Frames

Load

P&Bs AreP&Bs AreNOTNOT Moment Moment

ResistingResisting

Load

How a Post & Beam How a Post & Beam Frame WorksFrame Works

Diaphragm is the metal panel’s ability to resist loads within its surface.

Post & Beam Post & Beam FramesFrames

Bracing or the diaphragmaction of wall panels isrequired to resist wind loadsfrom the side of the building

Ledger Angle at End Ledger Angle at End Frame LocationFrame Location

Pinned and Rigid Pinned and Rigid Connection Connection

TypesTypes


Rigid Connections at thehaunches and rafter splices

Pinned Connectionsat the base

Concrete Compression Concrete Compression StrengthStrength

Concrete Compression Concrete Compression StrengthStrength

Don’t lose the opportunity to take advantage of higher strength concrete when it’s already specified on the project.

Pinned Base Sidewall Pinned Base Sidewall ColumnsColumns

Fixed BaseFixed Base

Fixed Base ColumnFixed Base Column


CraneCrane(some may require fixed base (some may require fixed base

condition)condition)

Frame Deflection Frame Deflection ConsiderationsConsiderations


HorizontalDeflection

Vertical Deflection

Unsupported Unsupported ColumnsColumns

and Rafters and Rafters

Supported Members have Flange Braces

Unsupported Members do not have Flange Braces.(may or may not have girts)

Unsupported Unsupported ColumnsColumns

and Raftersand Rafters A column or rafter is considered

unsupported when it does not have Lateral support.

This condition occurs when there are no flange braces attached to the compression (Inside) flange.

Unsupported columns are typically more expensive than Supported.

Primary Framing Primary Framing TipsTips The more you reduce the

span of a member the more you reduce the cost (to a certain point)…

Tapered members most economical

Span frames shortest distance in building

Primary Framing TipsPrimary Framing Tips Gage Post and Beam most

economical endwall frame Reduce endbay span if possible Reduce Int. Col. Span near

sidewalls Do Not specify deflection higher

than necessary Open Web frames economical

with large spans and heavy loads

2013 02 frames rev 10-06-12

Education

wide vp university

lighter vp university

tapered straight vp

truss beam vp university

end user vp university

building shape vp university

offset ridge vp university

rf single slope vp university