2012 report card for los angeles county infrastructure: a citizen's guide

7/30/2019 2012 Report Card for Los Angeles County Infrastructure: A Citizen's Guide

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Skpasw Mdsg nas Fa} Djhfk} Ma{jwr} Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk* Wek

D]MK Skpasw Mdsg skpsk}kjw} ajk an wek la}w ~b}bcfk

djg {}dcfk majwsbc{aj} a{s ashdjbzdaj aks} wa wek

hkjksdf p{cfbm djg kfkmwkg pafbmr ldiks} dw dff fk~kf} an

ha~ksjdjmk* Web} rkds} kasw b} ja gbkskjw wedj wek

pd}w djg malk} xbwe d skjkxkg }kj}k an {shkjmr hb~kj

wek gbsk kmajalbm majgbaj} wedw ndmk a{s skhbaj djg

wek majj{kg jkkg nas ldbjwkjdjmk djg {phsdgbjh an

wek msbmdf bjnsd}ws{mw{sk a{s mall{jbwr skfbk} {paj wa fb~k djg xasi aj d

gdbfr cd}b}*

A~ks ;0 bjgb~bg{df} skpsk}kjjh p{cfbm djg psb~dwk }kmwas} ed~k }pkjw

ma{jwfk}} ea{s} mdskn{ffr sk~bkxbjh djg d}}k}}bjh wek majgbaj an wkj

gbkskjw bjnsd}ws{mw{sk mdwkhasbk}& bjmf{gbjh csbghk}& gdl}& aag majwsaf&

gsbjibjh xdwks& pasw}& }afbg xd}wk& }wskkw} . ebhexdr}& wsdj}bw& {scdj s{j,a

djg xd}wkxdwks }r}wkl}* Hsdgk} nas wek}k wkj mdwkhasbk} sdjhk nsal C) wa

G, xbwe d m{l{fd~k d~ksdhk hsdgk an M* K}ldwk} an djj{df bj~k}wlkjw}

jkkgkg wa ldbjwdbj djg dppsapsbdwkfr kupdjg a{s bjnsd}ws{mw{sk dsk bj wek

wkj} an cbffbaj} an gaffds}*

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Xedw b} Bjsd}ws{mw{sk1

bjnsd}ws{mw{sk Ybj,ns{e,}ws{ei,meks\ ja{j? wek n{jgdlkjwdf ndmbfbk}

djg }r}wkl} }ks~bjh d ma{jwsr& mbwr& as dskd& d} wsdj}paswdaj djg

mall{jbmdaj }r}wkl}& paxks pfdjw}& djg }meaaf}*

Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk sknks} wa wek n{jgdlkjwdf }r}wkl} wedw }{ppasw a{s

mall{jbwr mb~bfbzdaj* Bw kjmalpd}}k} dff wek cd}bm& {jgksfrbjh ndmbfbk}

xk skfr aj wa majg{mw a{s gdbfr c{}bjk}}& sdb}k a{s ndlbfbk} djg p{s}{k a{s

gskdl}* Bw bjmf{gk} wek sadgxdr jkwxasi wedw dffax} ra{ wa gsb~k wa xasi

djg wek hsamksr }wask& wek {jgkshsa{jg pbpk} wedw csbjh nsk}e xdwks wa

ra{s ibwmekj djg wdik xd}wk xdwks dxdr nsal ra{s cdwesaal* Bw bjmf{gk}

wek ergsakfkmwsbm gdl wedw hkjksdwk} kfkmwsbmbwr& sk}ks~abs} djg p{lp} wedw

psa~bgk gsbjidcfk xdwks& djg }kxdhk wskdwlkjw pfdjw} wedw wskdw xd}wkxdwks*

A{s kmajalr gkpkjg} aj bjnsd}ws{mw{sk wa psa~bgk paxks nas ndmwasbk}wa wsdj}pasw haag} djg }ks~bmk}& djg ~bd wkfkmall mdcfk} wa wsdj}lbw

bjnasldaj wa cdji} djg m{}walks}* A{s ekdfwe gkpkjg} aj ed~bjh mfkdj&

pawdcfk xdwks wa gsbji djg {jgkshsa{jg pbpk} wa wdik e{ldj djg bjg{}wsbdf

xd}wk dxdr wa ck wskdwkg djg }dnkfr gb}pa}kg* Fd}wfr& a{s }dnkwr gkpkjg} aj

bjnsd}ws{mw{sk wa xbwe}wdjg }wasl} djg jdw{sdf k~kjw}& ikkpbjh a{s ealk}

}dnk nsal aagbjh djg aweks gdldhk*

Xer ]ea{fg Ra{ Ck Bjwksk}wkg bj Bjsd}ws{mw {sk1

Dff an wek}k bjnsd}ws{mw{sk }r}wkl} jkkg wa ck c{bfw& ldbjwdbjkg djg {phsdgkg

aj d majj{a{} cd}b} nas a{s mall{jbwr wa wesb~k* Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk }r}wkl

ndbf{sk} mdj md{}k gb}s{paj} wa a{s gdbfr fb~k}& wsbhhks }fax,gaxj} bj

kmajalbm dm~bwr& as k~kj ck wek md{}k an bjo{sr djg gkdwe* Nas kudlpfk& d

csbghk ndbf{sk aj d ldoas ebhexdr ma{fg md{}k xbgk}pskdg wsdm odl}& gb}s{pw

dmmk}} wa ea}pbwdf}& djg sk}{fw bj ndwdf bjo{sr g{sbjh bw} maffdp}k*

Xk jkkg wa wdik mdsk an a{s mbk}& cr ldbjwdbjbjh a{s sadg}& {phsdgbjh

}wasl xdwks djg }kxks }r}wkl} wa lkkw hsaxbjh pap{fdaj}& djg ed~bjh

skh{fdsfr k~df{dwkg djg ldbjwdbjkg }r}wkl}* Wek}k bj~k}wlkjw} sk}{fw bj

fajh wksl }d~bjh} djg pa}b~k hsaxwe& ckjkjh a{s psk}kjw mall{jbwr nas

hkjksdaj} wa malk*

T [ K ] W B A J ] ! D J ] X K S ]

Xedw b} Web} Skpasw Mdsg1

Web} skpasw mdsg b} dj d}}k}}lkjw an wek kub}jh majgbaj an bjnsd}ws{mw{sk

bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr*

Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk b} gk}bhjkg djg ldbjwdbjkg cr kjhbjkks}* A{s mall{jbwr skfbk}

aj wek}k }r}wkl} wa n{jmaj djg wa ldik a{s gdbfr fb~k} ckks*

Web} skpasw mdsg hd{hk} Fa} Djhkfk} bjnsd}ws{mw{sk }wdw{} d} an 3043* Bw

malpbfk} wek xasi an a~ks ;0 bjgb~bg{df} skpsk}kjjh p{cfbm djg psb~dwk

}kmwas} xea ed~k }pkjw ma{jwfk}} ea{s} mdskn{ffr sk~bkxbjh djg d}}k}}bjh

wek majgbaj an wkj gbkskjw bjnsd}ws{mw{sk mdwkhasbk}* Web} d}}k}}lkjw

bjmf{gkg sk~bkx an skpasw} aj kub}jh per}bmdf majgbaj}& d} xkff d} sk~bkx

an p{cfbm dhkjmr pfdj} djg dkjgdjmk wa lkkjh} djg xasihsa{p}*

Wek sk}{fw an web} wkdl kasw b} psk}kjwkg bj web} gam{lkjw nas kdme

bjnsd}ws{mw{sk mdwkhasr*

D]MK} Lb}}baj ? Psa~bgk k}}kjdf ~df{k wa a{s lklcks} djg pdswjks}&

dg~djmk mb~bf kjhbjkksbjh& djg }ks~k wek p{cfbm haag*

Bj dggbaj wa d xsbkj k~df{daj& d fkks hsdgk ed} ckkj gkwkslbjkg nas

kdme mdwkhasr* Hsdgk} nas wek}k wkj mdwkhasbk} sdjhk nsal C) wa G, xbwe d

m{l{fd~k d~ksdhk hsdgk an M* D malpfkwk gb}m{}}baj an kdme bjnsd}ws{mw{sk

mdwkhasr djg bw} hsdgk b} na{jg bj wek cagr an web} skpasw*

Xer Gbgjw Fa} Djhkfk} Kdsj Djr D}1

Xebfk xk mdj dff dhskk wedw wek}k }r}wkl} dsk msbmdf wa a{s mbwr& xk ga jaw

dhskk aj wek ma}w wa bj~k}w bj wekl* Wek}k }r}wkl} }ks~k lbffbaj} an pkapfk*

Wekr dsk fdshk djg wekr dsk malpfku* Ldbjwdbjbjh a{s sadgxdr} bj pkdi

majgbaj& {phsdgbjh a{s csbghk}& djg skpfdmbjh dj dhbjh }kxks }r}wkl xbff

ma}w d faw an lajkr* Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk ma}w} dsk {}{dffr pdbg nas cr wdu sk~kj{k}

djg nkk}* Wek}k sk~kj{k }a{smk} ga jaw ikkp pdmk xbwe wek {phsdgbjh djg

ldbjwkjdjmk kupkj}k} wek}k }r}wkl} skt{bsk* Wa malpa{jg ldks}& wek

skmk}}baj an 3005,3002 gsdbjkg ldjr p{cfbm maks} djg md{}kg }{c}wdjdf

skg{maj} bj wdu sk~kj{k}* Bj }easw& a{s bjnsd}ws{mw{sk xd} dfskdgr bj hskdw

jkkg an dkjaj djg wek skmkjw kmajalbm msb}b} k}mdfdwkg wek psacfkl* G{k

T [ K ] W B A J ] ! D J ] X K S ]


4/28


>;

wa wek}k ndmwas}& bw b} blpa}}bcfk nas bjnsd}ws{mw{sk wa ck dw ebhe fk~kf* D} d

sk}{fw& wek}k }r}wkl} skmkb~k dj d~ksdhk hsdgk an M }eaxbjh dj bjmskd}k bj

bj~k}wlkjw b} skt{bskg*

Eax L{me Gak} bw Ma}w1K}ldwk} an djj{df bj~k}wlkjw} jkkgkg wa ldbjwdbj djg dppsapsbdwkfr

kupdjg a{s bjnsd}ws{mw{sk dsk bj wek wkj} an cbffbaj} an gaffds}* Weksk

dsk ldjr }a{smk} an bj~k}wlkjw}* [}ks nkk}& b}}{djmk an p{cfbm cajg

lkd}{sk}& psapkswr djg gk~kfaplkjw wduk} dsk jaw mallaj* Wek}k

gkmb}baj} l{}w ck ldgk cr pafbmbdj} djg pafbmr ldiks} xbwe p{cfbm

}{ppasw* Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk b}}{k} blpdmw} dff an {}& skhdsgfk}} an pafbmdf

dfbdaj& fk~kf an kg{mdaj as }amba,kmajalbm }wdw{}* Web} Skpasw

Mdsg mdj ck {fbzkg cr pafbmbdj} djg pafbmr ldiks} wa ldik bjnaslkg

meabmk} djg {}kg cr wek p{cfbm wa dg~amdwk nas bj~k}wlkjw bj wek msbmdf

bjnsd}ws{mw{sk wedw ikkp} a{s ma{jwr wesb~bjh*

Eax Mdj Ra{ Ekfp1

Mdff ra{s famdf mbwr ma{jmbf as ma{jwr mallb}}bajks}* D}i nas majj{a{}

djg lkfr ldbjwkjdjmk an wek}k }r}wkl}* Oabj d famdf pfdjjbjh

mallb}}baj} as cadsg}* Bjnasl ra{s nsbkjg}& ndlbfr djg jkbhecas}* Ekfp

wekl {jgks}wdjg wek nds,skdmebjh blpfbmdaj} an bjnsd}ws{mw{sk* D} ra{

fkdsj lask dca{w wek}k ndmbfbk}& webji fajh,wksl* Wek}k }r}wkl} dsk fdshk

bj }mdfk djg skt{bsk fajh, wksl }af{aj}*

Weksk dsk df}a webjh} ra{ mdj ga bj ra{s gdbfr fbnk* Skg{mk ra{s xdwks {}dhk

wa kd}k gkldjg} aj a{s xdwks }r}wkl}* Wdik ld}} wsdj}bw wa skg{mk ra{s

blpdmw aj wsdj}paswdaj }r}wkl}* Ldik dj kasw wa skmrmfk djg skg{mk wek

gkldjg} aj a{s }afbg xd}wk }r}wkl}*

Csbghk}? M

Weksk dsk =&;;3 csbghk} bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr* Kdme csbghk b} bj}pkmwkgk~ksr nkx rkds}* Bj dmmasgdjmk xbwe Jdajdf Csbghk Bj}pkmaj ]wdjgdsg}&

kdme csbghk skmkb~kg dj k~df{daj djg d fkks hsdgk9 4&;54 skmkb~kg

d hsdgk an M as faxks& bjgbmdjh a~ks 77+ an }w{gr dskd csbghk} dsk

}ws{mw{sdffr gkmbkjw as n{jmajdffr ac}afkwk* Csbjhbjh dff Fa} Djhkfk}

Ma{jwr csbghk} a{w an wek}k }{c}wdjgdsg majgbaj}& cr {phsdgk} as

skpfdmklkjw}& b} k}ldwkg wa ma}w '44*2 cbffbaj* Skmallkjgdaj} bjmf{gk

}{ppasw an bjmskd}kg n{jgbjh nas wek Nkgksdf Ebhexdr Csbghk Psahsdl djg

majj{kg n{jgbjh nas wek Csbghk Psk~kjwd~k Ldbjwkjdjmk Psahsdl*

Gdl}? C,Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr ed} 2; gdl}& xebme xksk k~df{dwkg xbwe sk}pkmw wa

ndmbfbwr majgbaj& mdpdmbwr wa lkkw gkldjg} djg ndmbfbwr dhk ~ks}{} {}kn{f

fbnk* Dff gdl} xksk hb~kj d fkks hsdgk xbwe sk}pkmw wa wek}k ndmwas} djg

dj a~ksdff hsdgk an C, xd} d}}bhjkg* Ldjr an wek}k gdl} dsk a~ks ;0 rkds}

afg djg jkdsbjh wek kjg an wekbs {}kn{f fb~k}& djg ldjr skt{bsk }{c}wdjdf

ldbjwkjdjmk& skedcbfbwdaj as ldoas {phsdgk} bj wek malbjh rkds}* Ma}w}

nas web} xasi dsk k}ldwkg wa kumkkg '300 lbffbaj* Skmallkjgdaj}

bjmf{gk }{ppasjh dggbajdf ]wdwk djg Nkgksdf n{jgbjh nas skt{bskg }kb}lbm

skedcbfbwdaj djg {phsdgk} wa ldoas gdl} bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr wa sk}wask

as bjmskd}k wekbs aag majwsaf djg xdwks maj}ks~daj mdpdcbfbk} djg

n{jgbjh wa ikkp wek Ma{jwr} gdl} bj haag apksdjh majgbaj*

Gsbjibjh Xdwks? M

Ldjr }kpdsdwk xdwks }r}wkl}& nsal skfd~kfr }ldff wa ~ksr fdshk& }ks~k wek

40 lbffbaj sk}bgkjw} xbwebj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr* Wek}k ~dsba{} }r}wkl} xksk

k~df{dwkg djg wekj hsdgkg xbwe sk}pkmw wa weskk ldoas ndmwas}? majgbaj

%M,"& mdpdmbwr %C" djg apksdaj} %C,"* Xebfk mdpdmbwr djg apksdaj} cawe

skmkb~kg C hsdgk}& wek majgbaj an wek }r}wkl} skmkb~kg d M,& psbldsbfr g{k

wa wek dhk an ldjr an wek}k }r}wkl} djg wekbs jkkg nas skpfdmklkjw bj wek

jkds n{w{sk* Skmallkjgdaj} bjmf{gk skpfdmklkjw as skedcbfbwdaj

SkpaSw MdSg ]{lldSr

T [ K ] W B A J ] ! D J ] X K S ]


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8 5

an gkwksbasdwkg }r}wkl}& bgkjmdaj djg blpfklkjwdaj an lkd}{sk}

wa blpsa~k xdwks }r}wkl skfbdcbfbwr& blpfklkjwdaj an dggbajdf xdwks

maj}ks~daj lkd}{sk}& bjmskd}kg {}k an skmrmfkg xdwks& djg bjmskd}k} bj

p{cfbm djg psb~dwk bj~k}wlkjw bj xdwks }{ppfr djg gb}wsbc{aj }r}wkl}*

Nfaag Majwsaf? C)

Wek Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr Nfaag Majwsaf Gb}wsbmw %FDMNMG" djg wek mbk}

xbwebj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr ed~k maj}ws{mwkg d malpskekj}b~k djg kkm~k

aag majwsaf }r}wkl wa psawkmw mbzkj} djg psapkswr nsal aag gdldhk*

]bjmk dhk b} wek psbldsr ndmwas gkwkslbjbjh majgbaj djg kkm~kjk}}

an aag majwsaf }r}wkl}& wek dhk an wek }r}wkl} psa~bgkg wek cd}kfbjk

nas hsdgbjh& xbwe jkxks }r}wkl} hkjh d ebheks hsdgk* Wek a~ksdff hsdgk

xd} gkwkslbjkg wa ck d C)* Bw xd} k}ldwkg wedw dj djj{df bj~k}wlkjw an

'75 lbffbaj b} jkkgkg wa ikkp Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr} aag majwsaf }r}wkl}

apksdjh bj haag majgbaj* Skmallkjgdaj} bjmf{gkg }{ppasw nas n{jgbjhwa ikkp wek}k }r}wkl} bj haag majgbaj djg wa kupdjg wek ~bkx an aag

majwsaf wa bjmf{gk blpsa~bjh xdwks t{dfbwr djg skg{mbjh paff{aj*

Pasw}? C

Wek Pasw an Fajh Ckdme djg Pasw an Fa} Djhkfk} skpsk}kjw wek e c{}bk}w

}ebppbjh wkslbjdf malpfku bj wek xasfg* Dj bjnsd}ws{mw{sk d}}k}}lkjw an wek

kjsk Edscas Gb}wsbmw maj}b}wkg an k~df{djh kbhew gbkskjw malpajkjw} an

wek Pasw} bjnsd}ws{mw{sk& bjmf{gbjh xeds~k}& sdbfsadg}& sadgxdr}& {fbk}&

medjjkf} djg ckswe}& majwdbjks wkslbjdf}& aweks ldsbjk wkslbjdf}& djg

hdjwsr msdjk}* Wek a~ksdff hsdgk nas wek ]dj Pkgsa Cdr Pasw} cd}kg aj dj

kt{df bjp{w an kdme an wek kbhew malpajkjw} b} C* Wek Pasw} dsk faaibjh wa

majj{k ldoas blpsa~klkjw} xbwe d psaokmwkg wawdf bj~k}wlkjw an '=*;

cbffbaj a~ks wek jkuw ~k rkds}*

]afbg Xd}wk? C)

Bj 3044& wek Ma{jwr gb}pa}kg an dj d~ksdhk an 35&000 waj} an }afbg xd}wk pks

gdr djg bj 3002& o{sb}gbmaj} ma{jwrxbgk maffkm~kfr dmebk~kg d skmrmfbjh!

sk{}k gb~ks}baj sdwk an ;;+* Wek kmajalr& skmrmfbjh djg maj~ks}baj

wkmejafahbk} ed~k sk}{fwkg bj }wkdgr gkmfbjk} bj }afbg xd}wk gb}pa}df }bjmk

300>* Eaxk~ks& medffkjhk} ga skldbj* Gblbjb}ebjh bj,Ma{jwr fdjgff

mdpdmbk}& bjmskd}bjh gb}pa}df gkldjg} a~ks wek fajh wksl g{k wa kmajalbm

djg pap{fdaj hsaxwe& djg p{cfbm appa}baj waxdsg} k}wdcfb}ebjh

jkx ndmbfbk}* Wek a~ksdff hsdgk nas ]afbg Xd}wk Ldjdhklkjw b} C)* Bw b}

k}ldwkg wedw a~ks '7;0 lbffbaj pks rkds nas wek jkuw ~k rkds} b} jkkgkgwa apksdwk djg ldbjwdbj wek }afbg xd}wk ldjdhklkjw bjnsd}ws{mw{sk*

]wskkw} . Ebhexdr}? M,

Wek d}}k}}lkjw an Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr }wskkw} djg ebhexdr} maj}b}wkg an

k~df{daj} an pd~klkjw majgbaj djg wsdm majhk}aj* Pd~klkjw majgbaj

xd} k~df{dwkg aj pd~klkjw }khlkjw sdjh} nas 3*>; cbffbaj }t{dsk nkkw an

}wskkw djg ebhexdr pd~klkjw& djg d jdf hsdgk an M) xd} gksb~kg* Wsdm

majhk}aj xd} }maskg dmmasgbjh wa nskkxdr djg dswksbdf fk~kf,an,}ks~bmk& d

lkd}{sk an dmw{df wsdm ~af{lk xbwe sk}pkmw wa sadgxdr mdpdmbwr& djg d jdf

hsdgk an G xd} gksb~kg* Wek jdf hsdgk b} cd}kg aj d ;0+,;0+ }pfbw& sk}{fjhbj d hsdgk an M,* A~ks '= cbffbaj an bj~k}wlkjw} dsk jkkgkg bj wek jkuw ~k

rkds} wa dggsk}} o{}w pd~klkjw majgbaj dfajk& djg cbffbaj} lask wa skfbk~k

wsdm majhk}aj djg dggsk}} maj}wdjwfr bjmskd}bjh wsdm gkldjg}*

Wsdj}bw? M

A~ks ;=> lbffbaj ukg sa{wk wsdj}bw wsbp} dsk wdikj kdme rkds xbwe 83+ an

wek wsbp} psa~bgkg cr Lkwsa& 3>+ an wek wsbp} dsk psa~bgkg cr l{jbmbpdf

apksdwas}& djg 3+ an wek wsbp} dsk famdf psa~bgkg cr wek famdf mbk} ukg

sa{wk }ks~bmk}* Xebfk wsdj}bw }ks~bmk} ed~k ldgk blpsa~klkjw} an wek pd}w

nkx rkds}& djg cawe ndmbfbk} djg apksdaj} skmkb~kg ebhe ldsi}& n{jgbjh

nas majj{kg }ks~bmk b} ndmbjh wek kkmw} an wek kmajalbm msb}b} wedw xbff

fbikfr sk}{fw bj }ks~bmk m{w}& ndsk bjmskd}k}& djg ksa}baj an m{sskjw fk~kf}

an }ks~bmk* We{} wek wsdj}bw jdf hsdgk b} d M* Wek Lkwsa 3002 Fajh Sdjhk

Pfdj k}ldwk} wedw a~ks '45 cbffbaj b} skt{bskg wa n{jg skhbajdf Lkwsa djg

L{jbmbpdf Wsdj}bw blpsa~klkjw psbasbk} djj{dffr& djg skmallkjgdaj}

bjmf{gk }{ppasw nas kupdjgbjh wsdj}bw n{jgbjh dw dff fk~kf} an ha~ksjdjmk*

[scdj S{jan? G

La}w xdwks paff{aj malk} nsal wek {jwskdwkg xdwks wedw ax} asaaap}& pd~klkjw& }wskkw} djg pdsibjh faw} gbskmwfr bjwa a{s xdwksxdr}&

S K P A S W M D S G ] [ L L D S R



6/28


402

cdr} djg ckdmek}* S{ja majwdbj} j{lksa{} paff{wdjw}& bjmf{gbjh

bjg{}wsbdf }af~kjw}& pdbjw}& bjnkma{} cdmwksbd& aurhkj,meaibjh pk}mbgk}

djg nksfbzks}& lawas abf& wsd}e djg k~kj waubm ekd~r lkwdf} }{me d} fkdg&

lksm{sr& mesalb{l djg ds}kjbm* Na{s paff{wdjw} dsk {}kg d} bjgbmdwas}

nas xdwks t{dfbwr? j{wsbkjw}& cdmwksbd& lkwdf}& djg wsd}e* Wek msbwksbd

nas d}}k}}bjh xdwks t{dfbwr b} cd}kg aj? 4" sk}{fw} an xdwks t{dfbwr

blpsa~klkjw} skfd~k wa xdwks t{dfbwr }wdjgdsg}& djg 3" blpfklkjwdaj

an xdwks t{dfbwr blpsa~klkjw kasw}* Wek malpa}bwk Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr

Xdwks}ekg Hsdgk b} G* Weksk b} gkcdwk aj wek kudmw dla{jw jkkgkg wa

dmebk~k xdwks t{dfbwr malpfbdjmk9 k}ldwk} sdjhk xbgkfr nsal '7 cbffbaj

wa '48 cbffbaj nas wek jkuw ; rkds}*

Xd}wkxdwks? C)

Wek kub}jh Xd}wkxdwks Maffkmaj djg Wskdwlkjw ]r}wkl b} malpsb}kg an

weskk ldbj malpajkjw}? wek hsd~bwr ax maffkmaj }r}wkl %psbldsr djg}kmajgdsr }kxks}"& }kxdhk p{lp }wdaj}& djg xd}wkxdwks wskdwlkjw

pfdjw} %cawe fdshk djg }ldff"* Wek }kxks maffkmaj }r}wkl ed} d malcbjkg

a~ksdff majgbaj sdjh an C* Wek p{lp }wdaj} ed~k d malcbjkg a~ksdff

majgbaj sdjh an C* Wek malcbjkg majgbaj sdjh nas xd}wkxdwks

wskdwlkjw pfdjw} b} d C)* We{} wek a~ksdff hsdgk nas wek xd}wkxdwks }r}wkl

b} d C* Wek k}ldwkg ~k,rkds apksdaj djg ldbjwkjdjmk c{ghkw nas wek

xd}wkxdwks }r}wkl b} '4*2 cbff baj* Jkmk}}dsr mdpbwdf blpsa~klkjw ma}w}

a~ks wek jkuw ~k rkds} dsk k}ldwkg wa ck '3*5 cbffbaj*

Weksk dsk =&;;3 csbghk} bj Fa} Djhkfk}

Ma{jwr* Wek}k bjmf{gk csbghk} axjkg

djg!as ldbjwdbjkg cr Mdfwsdj}& Mbwr

an Fa} Djhkfk}& Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}

djg 83 aweks mbk}* Mdfwsdj} ed} 3&05>

csbghk}9 Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk} ed} =7;

csbghk}9 Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk} ed} 35;9

aweks mbk} ed~k 5439 Gkpdswlkjw an Xdwks Sk}a{smk} ed} 44 csbghk}9 djg Fa}

Djhkfk} Xasfg Dbspasw} ed} 4= csbghk}* Pkgk}wsbdj djg Sdbfsadg csbghk} xksk

jaw bjmf{gkg bj web} skpasw*

D}}k}}lkjw a Kub}wbjh Csbghk}

Wek majgbaj an csbghk} xbwebj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr xd} gkwkslbjkg cr

bj}pkmaj} djg sdjh} dmmasgbjh wa wek Jdajdf Csbghk Bj}pkmaj ]wdjgdsg}

k}wdcfb}ekg cr wek Nkgksdf Ebhexdr Dglbjb}wsdaj %NEXD"* Nkgksdf

skh{fdaj} skt{bsk csbghk} lkkjh wek}k }wdjgdsg} ck bj}pkmwkg k~ksr wxa

rkds}*

Nkgksdf n{jg} nas csbghk blpsa~klkjw} dsk d~dbfdcfk cd}kg aj wek ]{mbkjmr

Sdjh %]S"* Wek ]S b} dj a~ksdff majgbaj }mask wedw malcbjk} d j{lcks an

ndmwas} bjmf{gbjh majgbaj&

wsdm& djg hkalkwsr xebme

sdjhk} nsal 0 wa 400* D

}mask an 400 b} maj}bgkskg

wek ck}w* Wek ]S }mask

nas kdme csbghk xd}

ldwmekg wa d fkks hsdgk

djg xksk d~ksdhkg wa

acwdbj d m{l{fd~k }mask

nas dff csbghk}* Sdbfsadg

djg pkgk}wsbdj csbghk} dsk jaw bjmf{gkg bj web} skpasw ckmd{}k wekr dsk jaw

kfbhbcfk nas nkgksdf csbghk blpsa~klkjw n{jg} djg ga jaw skmkb~k ]S sdjh}*

M

M

300; 3003

C SBGHK]

M

M

Csbghk Axjks}ebp bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr

Mdfwsdj} ;5+

Aweks Mbwbk} 37+

Ma{jwr a Fa} Djhkfk}

Mbwr a Fa} Djhkfk} 40+



7/28


4344

Aweks bwkl} skt{bskg nas Ebhexdr Csbghk Psahsdl %ECP" n{jgbjh kfbhbcbfbwr

cr NEXD dsk wek ]ws{mw{sdffr Gkmbkjw %]G" djg N{jmajdffr Ac}afkwk %NA"

gk}bhjdaj}* D csbghk b} sdwkg ]G xekj d ldoas }ws{mw{sdf malpajkjw an

wek csbghk %b*k* gkmi& }{pks}ws{mw{sk& as }{c}ws{mw{sk" b} bj paas as xas}k

majgbaj* Dj NA sdjh b} {}{dffr d sk}{fw an dj afgks csbghk gk}bhj xebmeja fajhks lkkw} m{sskjw }wdjgdsg}* Wek}k csbghk} dsk jaw jkmk}}dsbfr

{j}dnk& c{w ldr jaw dmmallagdwk m{sskjw wsdm ~af{lk} as lkkw m{sskjw

hkalkwsbm gk}bhj djg xkbhew }wdjgdsg}* Wek ]G djg NA gk}bhjdaj} xksk

{}kg wa ekfp k}ldwk wek wrpk djg ma}w an blpsa~klkjw} jkkgkg*

Nbjdf Hsdgk

Cd}kg aj wek majgbaj gdwd d~dbfdcfk& a{s csbghk} sdwk d M*

Bj~k}wlkjw Jkkg}

Dks wek maffdp}k an wek B,=;X Csbghk a~ks wek Lb}}b}}bppb Sb~ks bj

Lbjjk}awd aj D{h{}w 4& 3008& weksk ed} ckkj dj bjmskd}kg bjwksk}w cr

kfkmwkg ambdf} dw wek Nkgksdf& ]wdwk& djg famdf fk~kf} wa ckks {jgks}wdjg

wek m{sskjw majgbaj djg skpfdmklkjw!skpdbs ma}w} an csbghk} wesa{hea{w

wek [jbwkg ]wdwk}* Wek }dnkwr an bj,}ks~bmk csbghk} b} kj}{skg wesa{he

ajhabjh bj}pkmaj djg ldbjwkjdjmk kasw}& eaxk~ks& weksk skldbj} dj

a~ksxekflbjh jkkg nas n{jgbjh wa skpfdmk as skedcbfbwdwk csbghk} wedw dsk

jkdsbjh wek kjg an wekbs }ks~bmk fbnk*

Nkgksdf n{jgbjh ed} ckkj psa~bgkg

nas csbghk ldbjwkjdjmk wesa{he

wek Csbghk Psk~kjaj Ldbjwkjdjmk

Psahsdl %CPLP"* Wek hadf} an wek

CPLP bjmf{gk masskmjh lbjas

}ws{mw{sdf gkmbkjmbk} kdsfr bj wek

csbghk fbnk mrmfk wa psk~kjw wek jkkg

nas lask ma}wfr blpsa~klkjw} fdwks&

kuwkjgbjh wek }ks~bmk fbnk an kub}jh

csbghk}& djg ldibjh kmbkjw {}k an fblbwkg sk}a{smk}*

Wek xasi jkkgkg wa blpsa~k wek majgbaj an wek csbghk} xbwe faxks ]S}

bjmf{gk} {phsdgbjh afgks }dnkwr sdbf& dggbjh fdjk} wa csbghk} %xbgkjbjh" djg

skpfdmbjh ldoas pdsw} as kjsk csbghk}* Wek k}ldwkg bj~k}wlkjw ma}w}

xksk cd}kg aj skmkjw ma}w djdfr}b} nas csbghk xasi pksnaslkg cr wek Ma{jwr

an Fa} Djhkfk}* Wek wawdf bjnsd}ws{mw{sk bj~k}wlkjw jkkgkg nas dff csbghk}xbwebj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr b} k}ldwkg wa ck '44*2 cbf fbaj*

Skmallkjgdwbaj}

]{ppasw bjmskd}kg n{jgbjh an wek Nkgksdf Ebhexdr Csbghk Psahsdl

%ECP"

]{ppasw lagbmdaj wa ECP skh{fdaj} wa bjmskd}k kfbhbcbfbwr nas

csbghk psaokmw} wedw kjedjmk skhbajdf wsdm ax

]{ppasw skdm~daj an ECP n{jgbjh nas csbghk }dnkwr sdbfskpfdmklkjw}

]{ppasw n{jgbjh an wek Csbghk Psk~kjwd~k Ldbjwkjdjmk Psahsdl

]a{smk}

Mdfbnasjbd Gkpdswlkjw an Wsdj}paswdaj %Mdfwsdj}"

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& C{skd{ an Kjhbjkksbjh

J{lcks an csbghk} cr hsdgk

hsdgk}

40==528

4=07

=45

0

300700>00500

400043004700

d C M G as Faxks

C S B G H K ]

C S B G H K ]


8/28


47

G D L ]

4=

C,C,

300; 3003

g dl} C,Weksk dsk 2; ndmbfbk} bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr mfd}}bkg d} gdl} cr wek

Mdfbnasjbd Gkpdswlkjw an Xdwks Sk}a{smk}& Gb~b}baj an ]dnkwr an Gdl}

%G]AG"* Wek}k ndmbfbk} dsk ldbjwdbjkg djg apksdwkg cr ~dsba{} axjks}

djg dsk famdwkg wesa{hea{w wek Ma{jwr* Ldjr }ks~k d ~bwdf safk d} pdsw

an wek ma{jwr} aag majwsaf }r}wkl& eafgbjh cdmi }wasl s{ja djg

mdpw{sbjh }kgblkjw xd}ekg nsal wek ebff}bgk}* Aweks ndmbfbk} psa~bgk xdwks

maj}ks~daj as }wasdhk wa lkkw xdwks }{ppfr jkkg}* Wek ndmbfbk} maj}b}w

an majmskwk djg kdswe klcdjilkjw gdl} bj jdw{sdf mdjraj} djg gkcsb}

cd}bj} bj jdw{sdf }wskdl}& d} xkff d} skbjnasmkg majmskwk wdji}* G]AG b}

wek o{sb}gbmajdf }wdwk dhkjmr sk}paj}bcfk nas gdl }dnkwr nas 52 an wek}k

ndmbfbk}& xebfk > dsk axjkg djg apksdwkg {jgks wek o{sb}gbmaj an wek

[jbwkg ]wdwk} Dslr Masp} an Kjhbjkks} %[]DMK"*

D}}k}}lkjw a Kub}wbjh Gdl}

D mallbkk malpsb}kg an gdl kjhbjkks} nsal G]AG& Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr

Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}& Lkwsapafbwdj Xdwks Gb}wsbmw an ]a{weksj

Mdfbnasjbd djg wek []DMK sdwkg wek gdl} bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr cd}kg aj

weskk ndmwas}? 4" Ndmbfbwr Majgbaj xebme bjmf{gk} per}bmdf majgbaj an

wek gdl& dla{jw an gknksskg

ldbjwkjdjmk& nskt{kjmr an

gdl bj}pkmaj}& majgbaj an

lajbwasbjh bj}ws{lkjwdaj&djg bgkjmdaj an djr {j}dnk

majgbaj} dw wek gdl9 3" Ndmbfbwr

Dhk ks}{} [}kn{f Fbnk xebme

sdwk} wek ndmbfbwr cd}kg aj bw} dhk&

xekweks as jaw bw ed} skmkb~kg

}bhjbmdjw skedcbfbwdaj& djg

bn bw lkkw} skfk~djw }wdjgdsg} nas bw} m{sskjw {}k9 djg =" Mdpdmbwr wa Lkkw

M{sskjw djg Psaokmwkg Gkldjg} xebme dggsk}}k} xekweks as jaw wek ndmbfbwr

lkkw} bw} asbhbjdf p{spa}k djg n{jmaj djg bn bw mdj xbwe}wdjg djmbpdwkg

per}bmdf gkldjg} }{me d} nasmk} nsal aag} djg kdswet{dik}*

Ndmbfbwr majgbaj djg mdpdmbwr wa lkkw m{sskjw djg psaokmwkg gkldjg} dsk

maj}bgkskg wek la}w blpaswdjw ndmwas} skfdwkg wa wek }dnkwr an d gdl* Wek}k

ndmwas} xksk xkbhewkg kt{dffr& xebfk wek Ndmbfbwr Dhk ks}{} [}kn{f Fbnk

Ndmwas xd} hb~kj edfn wek xkbhew bj gkwkslbjbjh dj a~ksdff sdjh*

Nbjdf Hsdgk

Wek a~ksdff hsdgk nas wek 2; gdl} bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr b} C,* Web} hsdgk b}

maj}bgkskg wa skkmw wek m{sskjw majgbaj an gdl} bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr&

eaxk~ks& wek gkwdbfkg bj}pkmaj} djg djdfr}b} wedw gkwkslbjkg wek }mask

xksk pksnaslkg bj 3040* Weksk b} majj{kg gkmfbjk bj wek majgbaj an

ldjr gdl} k~kj wea{he bj~k}wlkjw} ed~k ckkj ldgk bj gdl ldbjwkjdjmk

djg skedcbfbwdaj} }bjmk 300;*

Bj~k}wlkjw Jkkg}

Ldjr an wek gdl} bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr dsk a~ks ;0 rkds} afg djg wekbs

d{ubfbdsr malpajkjw}& }{me d} bjfkw!a{wfkw xasi} lkmedjbmdf djg kfkmwsbmdf

malpajkjw}& dsk jkdsbjh wek kjg an wekbs {}kn{f f b~k}* Web} b} bff{}wsdwkg cr

d hsdgk an M nas Ndmbfbwr Dhk ks}{} [}kn{f Fbnk* Bj asgks wa ikkp wek kub}jh

gdl} bj }dnk apksdjh majgbaj& djj{df bj~k}wlkjw b} jkkgkg* Wek djj{df

apksdaj djg ldbjwkjdjmk ma}w nas gdl} bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr b} bj

kumk}} an ';0 lbffbaj* Dggbajdffr& wek ma}w an jkmk}}dsr }kgblkjw skla~df

nsal sk}ks~abs}& }kb}lbm skedcbfbwdaj djg ldoas {phsdgk} wa gdl} bj Fa}

Djhkfk} Ma{jwr b} a~ks '30 lbffbaj nas wek jkuw ~k rkds}* Xbwea{w wek}k

bj~k}wlkjw}& wek }ws{mw{sdf djg n{jmajdf majgbaj an wek}k ndmbfbk} xbff

gkwksbasdwk& djg aag psawkmaj} djg xdwks maj}ks~daj nas wek hkjksdf

p{cfbm ldr ck okapdsgbzkg*

Skmallkjgdwbaj}

]{ppasw majj{kg n{jgbjh wa ikkp wek Ma{jwr} gdl} bj haag

apksdjh majgbaj

]{ppasw dggbajdf }wdwk djg nkgksdf n{jgbjh wesa{he hsdjw} as

aweks psahsdl} nas skt{bskg }kb}lbm skedcbfbwdaj djg {phsdgk} wa

ldoas gdl} bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr


9/28


4; 4>

M,M)

300; 3003

G SBJIBJH X DWKS MWek gsbjibjh xdwks }r}wkl bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr }ks~k} 40 lbffbaj

sk}bgkjw} djg j{lksa{} l{jbmbpdf }r}wkl}& xdwks gb}wsbmw}& djg psb~dwk

xdwks malpdjbk}* Wxa,websg} an wek Ma{jwr} xdwks b} blpaswkg nsal

wek Mafasdga Sb~ks djg Jasweksj Mdfbnasjbd* Kj}{sbjh d }dnk& skfbdcfk

xdwks }{ppfr nas dff sk}bgkjw} b} an wek {wla}w blpaswdjmk wa ldbjwdbj

a{s m{sskjw fbnk}wrfk djg psawkmw p{cfbm ekdfwe*

D}}k}}lkjw a Kub}wbjh ]r}wkl}

Wek Ma{jwr} gsbjibjh xdwks }r}wkl xd} d}}k}}kg cd}kg aj dj k~df{daj

an weskk ldoas ndmwas}? 4" majgbaj& 3" mdpdmbwr& djg =" apksdaj}*

Wek majgbaj an wek gsbjibjh xdwks ndmbfbk} b} sdwkg M,* Dj d}}k}}lkjw an

wek majgbaj an a~ks 44&000 lbfk} an xdwks ldbj} bjgbmdwk} wedw ldjr an

wek Ma{jwr} pbpkfbjk} ed~k skdmekg wek kjg an wekbs {}kn{f fbnk djg skt{bsk

skpfdmklkjw* D} wek}k pbpkfbjk} majj{k wa dhk& fkdi} gk~kfap lask

nskt{kjwfr djg wek skfbdcbfbwr an wek xdwks }ks~bmk wa wek Ma{jwr} sk}bgkjw}

b} dg~ks}kfr dkmwkg* ]ldffks xdwks dhkjmbk} xbwe fblbwkg sk}a{smk} dsk

blpdmwkg la}w }k~kskfr9 eaxk~ks& wek medffkjhk b} k~bgkjw ma{jwrxbgk*

Wek mdpdmbwr an wek Ma{jwr} xdwks }r}wkl b} sdwkg C* Wek mdpdmbwr

ndmwas bjmf{gk} dj k~df{daj an wek }{mbkjmr an xdwks }{ppfbk}&

skfbdcbfbwr an xdwks }{ppfbk}& djg wek mdpdmbwr an xdwks }r}wkl ndmbfbk}*

Dlajh wek medffkjhk} b} psa~bgbjh d skfbdcfk }{ppfr an xdwks wa wek

Ma{jwr} sk}bgkjw} g{sbjh lk} an gsa{hew as naffaxbjh d jdw{sdf

gb}d}wks }{me d} dj kdswet{dik* Skmkjw majmksj} xbwe wek kmafahbmdf

ekdfwe an wek ]dmsdlkjwa,]dj Oadt{bj Cdr Gkfwd& nsal xebme d ldoasbwr

an wek Ma{jwr} xdwks }{ppfr b} skmkb~kg& xbff majj{k wa skt{bsk xdwks

dhkjmbk} wa }kki dfwksjd~k }a{smk} nas wek xdwks }{ppfr*

Wek apksdaj} an wek Ma{jwr} xdwks }r}wkl b} sdwkg C,* Wek apksdaj}

ndmwas maj}b}w} an dj d}}k}}lkjw an xdwks t{dfbwr& xdwks,{}k kmbkjmr& djg

{fbzdaj an skmrmfkg xdwks* Ldjr jkx xdwks,{}k kmbkjmr psahsdl}

]a{smk}

Dslr Masp} an Kjhbjkks}& Fa} Djhkfk} Gb}wsbmw

Mdfbnasjbd Gkpdswlkjw an Xdwks Sk}a{smk}& Gb~b}baj an ]dnkwr an

Gdl}

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk} Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}

Lkwsapafbwdj Xdwks Gb}wsbmw an ]a{weksj Mdfbnasjbd

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& C{skd{ an Kjhbjkksbjh

G D L ]


10/28


4548

djg pafbmbk} ed~k ckkj blpfklkjwkg wesa{hea{w wek Ma{jwr& }{ppasjh

d medjhk bj dw{gk waxdsg} wek ~df{k an xdwks* Eaxk~ks& dggbajdf

maj}ks~daj lkd}{sk} dsk jkkgkg wa blpsa~k wek skfbdcbfbwr an wek Ma{jwr}

xdwks }{ppfr* Df}a& d }{c}wdjdf bjmskd}k bj wek dla{jw an skmrmfkg xdwks

{}kg bj wek Ma{jwr b} jkmk}}dsr wa a}kw pawdcfk xdwks gkldjg}*

Nbjdf Hsdgk

A~ksdff& wek Ma{jwr} gsbjibjh xdwks }r}wkl b} sdwkg M dks xkbhejh ndmwas}

nas wek }r}wkl majgbaj& mdpdmbwr& djg apksdaj}*

Bj~k}wlkjw Jkkg}

]r}wkldm djg lkfr bj~k}wlkjw} bj wek sdjhk an '=*8 cbffbaj xbwebj

wek jkuw ~k rkds} dsk jkkgkg nas maj}ws{mjh xdwks psaokmw} bjmf{gbjh

dppsapsbdjh n{jgbjh nas skedcbfbwdaj djg skpfdmklkjw an wek dhbjh

bjnsd}ws{mw{sk* Xdwks dhkjmbk} bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr ed~k wek {fldwk

sk}paj}bcbfbwr nas ikkpbjh wek gsbjibjh xdwks skfbdcfk djg }dnk dgeksbjh wa

skh{fdwasr ekdfwe }wdjgdsg} djg ldibjh jkmk}}dsr blpsa~klkjw}*

Skmallkjgdwbaj}

Skpfdmk as skedcbfbwdwk gkwksbasdwkg xdwks }r}wkl ndmbfbk} cknask

}ks~bmk bjwkss{paj} ckhbj wa dkmw wek skfbdcbfbwr an wek }r}wkl

Bgkjnr djg blpfklkjw lkd}{sk} wa blpsa~k wek }{mbkjmr djg

skfbdcbfbwr an wek xdwks }r}wkl}& pdsm{fdsfr wa pskpdsk nas gsa{hew

djg!as jdw{sdf gb}d}wks

Blpfklkjw dggbajdf xdwks maj}ks~daj lkd}{sk} djg }{ppasw

d pa}b~k dw{gk waxdsg} wek ~df{k an xdwks

Bjmskd}k wek dla{jw an skmrmfkg xdwks {}kg wa a}kw pawdcfk

xdwks gkldjg}

]{ppasw p{cfbm djg psb~dwk bj~k}wlkjw wa ldbjwdbj d }dnk& skfbdcfk

xdwks }{ppfr djg gb}wsbc{aj }r}wkl

]a{smk}

D}}k}}lkjw gdwd }{s~kr psa~bgkg cr Mbwr an Bjhfkxaag& Mbwr an Kf

Lajwk& Mbwr an C{scdji& Pdflgdfk Xdwks Gb}wsbmw& Mbwr an Fd ^ksjk&

Mbwr an Frjxaag& Mbwr an Ldjeddj Ckdme& Mbwr an Xebks& Fa}

Djhkfk} Gkpdswlkjw an Xdwks . Paxks& Mkjwsdf Cd}bj L{jbmbpdf

Xdwks Gb}wsbmw& Asmedsg Gdfk Xdwks Gb}wsbmw& Mbwr an Hfkjgasd&

Jkxedff Ma{jwr Xdwks Gb}wsbmw& Md}wdbm Fdik Xdwks Dhkjmr& Fa}

Djhkfk} Ma{jwr Xdwksxasi} Gb}wsbmw& Mbwr an Bjg{}wsr& Fd} ^bshkjk}

L{jbmbpdf Xdwks Gb}wsbmw& Mbwr an ]a{we Pd}dgkjd& Mbwr an Ma~bjd

djg Ibjjkafd Bssbhdaj Gb}wsbmw

G S B J I B J H X D W K S

G S B J I B J H X D W K S


11/28


3042

Wek Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr Nfaag Majwsaf Gb}wsbmw %FDMNMG" djg wek mbk} xbwebj

Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr ed~k maj}ws{mwkg d malpskekj}b~k djg kkm~k aag

majwsaf }r}wkl wa psawkmw mbzkj} djg psapkswr nsal aag gdldhk* Wek

}r}wkl bjmf{gk} gdl}& apkj medjjkf}& gkcsb} cd}bj}& {jgkshsa{jg }wasl

gsdbj}& djg xdwks maj}ks~daj ndmbfbk}* Wek Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr Nfaag

Majwsaf Gb}wsbmw %FDMNMG" djg wek mbk} xbwebj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr ed~k

maj}ws{mwkg d malpskekj}b~k djg kkm~k aag majwsaf }r}wkl wa psawkmw

mbzkj} djg psapkswr nsal aag gdldhk* ]bjmk dhk b} wek psbldsr ndmwas

gkwkslbjbjh majgbaj} djg kkm~kjk}} an aag majwsaf }r}wkl}& wek

dhk an wek }r}wkl} psa~bgkg wek cd}kfbjk nas hsdgbjh& xbwe jkxks }r}wkl}

hkjh d ebheks hsdgk* Wek a~ksdff hsdgk xd} gkwkslbjkg wa ck d C)* Web}

Skpasw Mdsg {pgdwk psa~bgk} d majgbaj d}}k}}lkjw nas wek Ma{jwr}

medjjkf} djg }wasl gsdbj }r}wkl} {}bjh gdwd nsal wek FDMNMG ajfr*

D}}k}}lkjw a Kub}wbjh Nfaag Majwsaf Ndmbfbwbk}

Dhk b} wek psbldsr ndmwas dkmjh wek majgbaj an aag majwsaf ndmbfbk}*

FDMNMG Ldbjwkjdjmk Gdwdcd}k} xksk {}kg wa acwdbj wek dhk} an medjjkf}

djg }wasl gsdbj}* D }masbjh }r}wkl xd} dppfbkg wa wek =&7;7 lbfk} an

medjjkf} djg }wasl gsdbj}* Dj D xd} hb~kj wa ndmbfbk} c{bfw bj wek fd}w 30

rkds}& d C bn c{bfw 30 wa ;0 rkds} dha& d M bn c{bfw ;0 wa 50 rkds} dha& d G bn

c{bfw 50 wa 400 rkds} dha& djg dj N nas ndmbfbk} c{bfw a~ks 400 rkds} dha* Wekd~ksdhk hsdgk hb~kj b} d C*

Wek nkgksdf ha~ksjlkjw gk}bhjdwk} aag edzdsg dskd} d} Nfaag _ajk D djg

skt{bsk} psapkswr axjks} wa mdssr ldjgdwasr aag bj}{sdjmk* Wesa{hea{w wek

Ma{jwr& Nfaag _ajk D dskd} ldik {p dca{w ; pksmkjw %30; }t{dsk lbfk}"* Wek

nkgksdf ha~ksjlkjw djg famdf o{sb}gbmaj} dsk df}a majg{mjh dggbajdf aag

edzdsg }w{gbk} xebme ldr dkmw wek aag zajk} bj wek malbjh rkds}*

Xbwe }{me d }ldff dskd }{cokmw wa ldjgdwasr nfaag bj}{sdjmk djg

lbjbldf gsdbjdhk malpfdbjw}& wek knnkmwb~kjk}} an wek nfaag majwsaf

}r}wkl b} sdwkg D*

N FAAG MajwSaf CCC)300; 3003

Nbjdf Hsdgk

Dppfrbjh dj kt{df xkbhew wa kdme an wek}k majgbaj}& wek a~ksdff hsdgk nas

wek aag majwsaf bjnsd}ws{mw{sk nas Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr b} d C)*

Bj~k}wlkjw Jkkg}

Bj asgks wa ikkp wek aag majwsaf ndmbfbk} an wek Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr

Nfaag Majwsaf Gb}wsbmw %FDMNMG" bj haag apksdjh majgbaj& dj k}ldwkg

dggbajdf bj~k}wlkjw an dppsaubldwkfr '75 lbffbaj djj{dffr b} skt{bskg*

Xbwea{w web} jkkgkg bj~k}wlkjw& wek Ma{jwr(} aag majwsaf }r}wkl xbff

gkwksbasdwk djg aag psawkmaj nas wek hkjksdf p{cfbm xbff ck okapdsgbzkg*

Skmallkjgdwbaj}

]{ppasw dggbajdf n{jgbjh wa ikkp wek Ma{jwr(} aag majwsaf

bjnsd}ws{mw{sk bj haag apksdjh majgbaj Majj{k wa kupdjg wek ~bkx an aag majwsaf wa bjmf{gk blpsa~bjh

xdwks t{dfbwr djg skg{mbjh paff{aj

]{ppasw famdf dhkjmbk} bj wekbs kasw} wa acwdbj dggbajdf n{jgbjh

wa gkdf xbwe wek {jn{jgkg xdwks t{dfbwr ldjgdwk}

]a{smk}

FDMNMG Ldbjwkjdjmk Ldjdhklkjw ]r}wkl %LL]" {fbzkg cr wek


Nfaag bj}{sdjmk bjnasldaj xd} psa~bgkg cr Ma{jwr an Fa}

Djhkfk} Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}& Xdwks}ekg

Ldjdhklkjw Gb~b}baj

Nfaag _ajk D dskd& Nkgksdf Klkshkjmr Ldjdhklkjw Dhkjmr(}

Nfaag Bj}{sdjmk Sdwk Ldp}

N F A A G M A J W S A F


12/28


3334

Wek ]dj Pkgsa Cdr Pasw} %Pasw}" maj}b}w an wek Pasw an Fajh Ckdme djg Pasw

an Fa} Djhkfk}& xebme skpsk}kjw wek e c{}bk}w }ebppbjh wkslbjdf malpfkubj wek xasfg* Wek Pasw} ed~k majg{mwkg dj bjnsd}ws{mw{sk d}}k}}lkjw an wek

kjsk Edscas Gb}wsbmw {}bjh kub}jh skmasg}* Wek d}}k}}lkjw maj}b}wkg an

k~df{djh kbhew gbkskjw malpajkjw} an wek Pasw} bjnsd}ws{mw{sk& bjmf{gbjh

xeds~k}& sdbfsadg}& sadgxdr}& {fbk}& medjjkf} djg ckswe}& majwdbjks

wkslbjdf}& aweks ldsbjk wkslbjdf}& djg hdjwsr msdjk}* Wahkweks wekr psa~bgk

wek cd}b} nas wek kmbkjw apksdaj an wek Pasw} }r}wkl* Wa kj}{sk d

maj}b}wkjw psamk}} wa hsdgk wek malpajkjw}& d }masbjh }r}wkl xd} oabjwfr

gk~kfapkg cr wek wxa Pasw}*

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djg }{ppfr an a{s jdaj} haag} djg ldwksbdf}* A~ksdff& bjnsd}ws{mw{sk bj wek

Pasw} b} bj haag majgbaj* Wa ldbjwdbj m{sskjw fk~kf} an }ks~bmk& wek skh{fds

d}}k}}lkjw djg {phsdgk an wek Pasw} bjnsd}ws{mw{sk b} ~bwdf wa ndmbfbwdwk wek

kumedjhk an mdsha nsal xdwks wa fdjg ~bd sdbf as ws{mi djg ~b}d ~ks}d* Bw b}

kt{dffr ~bwdf wa kj}{sk dj aj,habjh ldbjwkjdjmk psahsdl djg majj{kg

CC

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wek Edscas Gb}wsbmw wesa{he majjkmjh bjnsd}ws{mw{sk }{me d} wek Dfdlkgd

Massbgas nas wsdbj} as ws{mi sa{wk} fbik wek B,840 djg B,440 nskkxdr}*

Wek }masbjh }r}wkl xd} hkjksdffr cd}kg aj wek dhk an wek ndmbfbk} d}

malpdskg wa wekbs {}kn{f fbnk as wek per}bmdf majgbaj an wek ndmbfbk}* D

fkks hsdgk D xd} hb~kj nas wek lask skmkjwfr

maj}ws{mwkg blpsa~klkjw}& djg dj N xa{fg ck

hb~kj xekj wek {}kn{f fbnk xd} kumkkgkg* Wek

{}kn{f fb~k} {fbzkg xksk? majwdbjks xeds~k}&

;0 rkds}9 aweks xeds~k}& 8; rkds}9 sdbfsadg

wsdmidhk& ;0 rkds}9 {fbk}& ;0 rkds}9 djg msdjk}

=0 rkds}* Wek sk}{fw} nsal wek fk~kf} an }ks~bmk djdfr}b} xksk ndmwaskg

bjwa wek }masbjh nas sadgxdr}9 xdwks gkpwe djg }{mbkjw wkslbjdf dmskdhk

xksk ndmwaskg bjwa wek medjjkf} djg ckswe}& majwdbjks wkslbjdf& djg aweks

ldsbjk wkslbjdf} malpajkjw}* Sadgxdr majgbaj} dsk cd}kg aj ~kebm{fds

fk~kf} an }ks~bmk*

Nbjdf Hsdgk

Wek a~ksdff hsdgk nas wek ]dj Pkgsa Cdr Pasw} cd}kg aj dj kt{df bjp{w an

kdme an wek kbhew malpajkjw} b} C*

Bj~k}wlkjw Jkkg}

Edjgfbjh lask wedj 70+ an wek jdaj(}

xdwkscasjk mdsha& wek ]dj Pkgsa Cdr Pasw} ed~kkupksbkjmkg dj d~ksdhk bjmskd}k bj mdsha an 8+

kdme rkds }bjmk wek lbg,4250}& skg{mkg ajfr cr

wek 3005,02 skmk}}baj* D} xk malk a{w an web}

skmk}}baj& bw b} djmbpdwkg wedw wek 8+ rkdsfr

bjmskd}k bj mdsha xbff majj{k* Bj 3044& d wawdf an 47*0 lbffbaj wxkjwr,

naaw kt{b~dfkjw {jbw} %WK[}" xksk edjgfkg dw wek Pasw}* Bw b} psaokmwkg wedw

cr 304;& d wawdf j{lcks an 48 lbffbaj WK[} xbff ck edjgfkg cr wek Pasw}*

Bj dggbaj wa majwdbjksbzkg mdsha& wek Pasw} df}a edjgfk cskdic{fi& gsr

c{fi& djg fbt{bg c{fi mdsha& d{walacbfk}& d} xkff d} ms{b}k }ebp djg nkssr

pd}}kjhks}

P A S W ]


13/28


3= 37

P A S W ]

Wek Pasw} dsk faaibjh wa majj{k ldoas blpsa~klkjw} xbwe d psaokmwkg

wawdf bj~k}wlkjw an '=*; cbffbaj a~ks wek jkuw ~k rkds}* D ldoas pasaj an

wek}k bj~k}wlkjw} b} nas wkslbjdf gk~kfaplkjw} djg nas kj~bsajlkjwdf djg

}km{sbwr blpsa~klkjw}* Dfwea{he d fdshk pasaj an wek n{jgbjh nas wek}k

blpsa~klkjw} malk} nsal sk~kj{k hkjksdwkg cr wek }ebppbjh malpdjbk}&weksk b} d jkkg nas }wdwk djg nkgksdf d}}b}wdjmk bj wek dla{jw an '4*3 cbff baj

nas d pasaj an wek bjnsd}ws{mw{sk skfdwkg blpsa~klkjw} djg la}w jawdcfr

nas d}}b}wdjmk xbwe jkkgkg sadgxdr& sdbf& csbghk& kj~bsajlkjwdf& djg

}km{sbwr psaokmw}* '4=0 lbffbaj ed} dfskdgr ckkj bj~k}wkg bj mfkdj dbs& xdwks

t{dfbwr& djg }km{sbwr skfdwkg psaokmw} bj wek pd}w rkds* Bw b} kt{dffr blpaswdjw

wedw wek dgoabjbjh sadgxdr}& nskkxdr}& csbghk}& djg sdbfxdr} bj wek

}{ssa{jgbjh skhbaj df}a skmkb~k blpsa~klkjw} nas wek kmbkjw la~klkjw

an haag} wesa{he web} hfacdf hdwkxdr*

Skmallkjgdwbaj}]{ppasw nkgksdf djg }wdwk n{jgbjh nas wek naffaxbjh ]dj Pkgsa Cdr Pasw}

bjnsd}ws{mw{sk bwkl} a~ks wek jkuw ~k rkds}* Wek}k bwkl} ed~k skmkb~kg

}blbfds n{jgbjh bj wek pd}w djg majj{k wa skt{bsk a{w}bgk }wdwk djg!as

nkgksdf n{jgbjh*

Wek Csbghk} dla{jw& }eaxj aj wek wdcfk ckfax& bjmf{gk} n{jgbjh nas

wek skpfdmklkjw an wek Hksdfg Gk}lajg Csbghk* Xedsn Mafg Bsajbjh& as

Gskghbjh '430 lbffbaj '480 lbffbaj

Sadgxdr} '>0 lbffbaj '80 lbffbaj

Xedsn Mafg Bsajbjh '50 lbffbaj '=30 lbffbaj

Csbghk} '700 lbffbaj '84; lbffbaj

Sdbfsadg} '470 lbffbaj '730 lbffbaj

]km{sbwr '400 lbffbaj '440 lbffbaj

Ldsbjk . Xdwksnsajw Gk~kfaplkjw '300 lbffbaj '4&=50 lbffbaj

Kj~bsajlkjwdf ]wkxdsg '400 lbffbaj '=30 lbffbaj

Wawdf? '4*3 cbffbaj '=*; cbffbaj

MDWKHASR NKGKSDF!]WDWK

]EDSK

; RKDS WAWDF

P A S W ]

sknks} wa wek Pasw} }eask,wa,}ebp kfkmwsbmdf paxks psahsdl}* Web} xbff

kjdcfk }ebp} wa w{sj a wekbs axj paxks djg pf{h bjwa fdjg cd}kg paxks&

xebme gsd}mdffr skg{mk} klb}}baj an paff{wdjw} bjwa wek skhbaj} dbs*

]a{smk}

Pasw an Fa} Djhkfk} Nb~k Rkds Md}e Kupkjgbw{sk MBP& Odj{dsr

3040

Pasw an Fa} Djhkfk} Edjgcaai& 3002

Pasw an Fajh Ckdme 3002 ]wsdwkhbm Pfdj& Djj{df Skpasw djg

Ndmbfbk} H{bgk

Pasw} an Fajh Ckdme!Fa} Djhkfk} Wsdj}paswdaj ]w{gr& O{jk

3004 ! ]dj Pkgsa Cdr Sdbf ]w{gr& 300>

Ldsbjk Wsdj}paswdaj ]r}wkl& ]a{weksj Mdfbnasjbd Nskbhew

La~klkjw Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk Jkkg} ]{lldsr& 3003

Pasw} an Fa} Djhkfk} Cd}kfbjk Wsdj}paswdaj ]w{gr& Dpsbf 3007*Pasw an Fa} Djhkfk} Sdbf ]rjap}b}& O{fr 3007

Pasw an Fajh Ckdme Pd~klkjw Ldjdhklkjw ]r}wkl& O{jk 3044


14/28


3; 3>

D,C)

300; 3003

] AFBG X D]WK C)

Wek Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk} ed} wek fdshk}w djg la}w malpfku }afbg xd}wkldjdhklkjw }r}wkl bj Mdfbnasjbd* Bw b} malpsb}kg an 52 o{sb}gbmaj}& kdme

sk}paj}bcfk nas ldjdhbjh bw} axj xd}wk }wskdl djg skg{mbjh bw} gb}pa}df

sdwk* Bj 3044& wek Ma{jwr gb}pa}kg an dj d~ksdhk an 35&000 waj} an }afbg

xd}wk pks gdr* Maj}bgksbjh wek d~ksdhk gb}pa}df sdwk b} djmbpdwkg wa

bjmskd}k wa 74&>00 waj} pks gdr cr 3037& cawe maj~kjajdf djg bjja~d~k

dppsadmek} dsk ckbjh kupfaskg wa kkm~kfr ldjdhk }afbg xd}wk bj wek

Ma{jwr*

D}}k}}lkjw a wek M{sskjw ]afbg Xd}wk Ldjdhklkjw ]r}wkl

Wek Ma{jwr ed} d sac{}w }afbg xd}wk ldjdhklkjw bjnsd}ws{mw{sk maj}b}jhan dj kuwkj}b~k jkwxasi an p{cfbm djg psb~dwk apksdaj}* ]afbg xd}wk b}

maffkmwkg cr lask wedj 400 pkslbkg xd}wk maffkmwas}* Dks l{me an wek

skmrmfdcfk djg sk{}dcfk ldwksbdf} dsk kuwsdmwkg nsal wek xd}wk }wskdl

kbweks cr }a{smk }kpdsdaj as wesa{he ldwksbdf} skma~ksr ndmbfbk}& wek

sk}bg{df xd}wk b} gb}pa}kg an dw 8 ldoas djg 7 }ldff l{jbmbpdf }afbg xd}wk

fdjgff}& djg 3 xd}wk,wa,kjkshr ndmbfbk} xbwebj wek Ma{jwr* Dca{w 30+ an

wek sk}bg{df }afbg xd}wk b} kupaswkg wa a{w,an,Ma{jwr fdjgff} nas gb}pa}df*

Bj 3044& wek Ma{jwr }km{skg dj dggbajdf 43 lbffbaj waj} an gb}pa}df mdpdmbwr

cr hsdjjh d =0,rkds pkslbw wa wek Fdjmd}wks Fdjgff famdwkg bj wek Djwkfapk^dffkr* Wa n{sweks kj}{sk fajh,wksl gb}pa}df mdpdmbwr& wek Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr

]djbwdaj Gb}wsbmw} dsk gk~kfapbjh d xd}wk,cr,sdbf }r}wkl wa wsdj}pasw skn{}k

cr wsdbj} wa wek Lk}t{bwk Skhbajdf Fdjgff bj Blpksbdf Ma{jwr bj pskpdsdaj

nas wek mfa}{sk an ajk an wek jdaj} fdshk}w fdjgff}& P{kjwk Ebff} Fdjgff& bj

Amwacks 304=* Xebfk wek }r}wkl b} djmbpdwkg wa ck malpfkwkg bj 304=& d}

dj bjwkhsdf malpajkjw an wek Ma{jwr} a~ksdff xd}wk ldjdhklkjw }r}wkl& bw

ldr jaw ck {fbzkg {jf dks 3047& majjhkjw {paj ndmwas} }{me d} ldsikw

ma}w} nas gb}pa}df djg wsdj}paswdaj& d} xkff d} wek ~bdcbfbwr an famdf fdjgff}*

Dggbajdffr& dmmalpfb}elkjw} }{me d} wek Ma{jwr} kuwkj}b~k ea{}keafg

edzdsga{} xd}wk djg kfkmwsajbm xd}wk maffkmaj psahsdl& wsdj}baj

waxdsg} mfkdjks n{kf maffkmaj ~kebmfk}& djg xbgk}pskdg skmrmfbjh djg

xd}wk skg{maj a{wskdme dsk m{l{fd~kfr skkm~k an wek Ma{jwr}

kasw} waxdsg} }{}wdbjdcfk xd}wk ldjdhklkjw psdmmk}*

Gk}pbwk wek}k dmebk~klkjw} weksk dsk ldjr medffkjhk} blpdmjh wek }afbg

xd}wk ldjdhklkjw bjg{}wsr& }{me d}?

Wek mfa}{sk an wek P{kjwk Ebff} Fdjgff aj Ja~klcks 4& 304=& xbff

dkmw wek Ma{jwr} gb}pa}df mdpdmbwr d} xkff d} hskkj xd}wk

ldjdhklkjw appasw{jbk}

Mbwr djg Ma{jwr o{sb}gbmaj} }wsb~bjh wa ldbjwdbj wek }wdwk

ldjgdwkg gb~ks}baj sdwk xbff fbikfr ndmk ebheks ppbjh nkk} g{k wa

wsdj}pasjh hskkj ldwksbdf} wa a{w,an,ma{jwr ndmbfbk}

Gblbjb}ebjh bj,Ma{jwr fdjgff mdpdmbk}& bjmskd}bjh gb}pa}dfgkldjg} a~ks wek fajh wksl g{k wa kmajalbm djg pap{fdaj

hsaxwe djg p{cfbm appa}baj waxdsg} k}wdcfb}ebjh jkx ndmbfbk}

Bjmskd}bjh lkshks} dlajh }ldff djg fdshk ed{fks} md{}bjh d

hsaxbjh wskjg waxdsg} wsdj}pasjh xd}wk wa psb~dwkfr axjkg

fdjgff} nas kmajalbm ckjkw& k~kj xekj ed{fbjh gb}wdjmk}

dsk hskdwks

EB]WASBMDF GB]PA]DF WSKJG NAS FA] DJHKFK] MA[JWR NSAL 3004,3044

] A F B G X D ] W K


15/28


38 35

Skmkjw kmajalbm gaxjwaxj xkdikjbjh maj}{lks gkldjg

nas skmrmfdcfk ldwksbdf} djg }faxbjh wek maj}ws{maj bjg{}wsr

djg ldj{ndmw{sbjh an haag}* D} d sk}{fw& wek sdwk an }afbg xd}wk

hkjksdwkg cr c{}bjk}}k} djg wek p{cfbm ed} gkmskd}kg gsdldmdffr

}bjmk 300>*

Skmrmfbjh djg Sk{}k

Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr ed} ckkj aj wek nasknsajw an bjja~daj djg

kj~bsajlkjwdf }wkxdsg}ebp nas ldjr rkds}* Bj 3002& o{sb}gbmaj}

ma{jwrxbgk maffkm~kfr dmebk~kg d gb~ks}baj sdwk an ;;+& kumkkgbjh wek

}wdwk ldjgdwk an ;0+* D} d sk}{fw an blpfklkjjh d ~dsbkwr an xd}wk

skg{maj& malpa}jh& djg skmrmfbjh psahsdl}& }{me d} =,mdsw m{sc}bgk

maffkmaj psahsdl}& bw b} k}ldwkg wedw jkdsfr 44 lbffbaj waj} an }afbg xd}wk

xksk gb~kswkg bj 3044 nsal fdjgff gb}pa}df bj wek Ma{jwr* Dggbajdffr& wek

pks mdpbwd gb}pa}df sdwk xd} skg{mkg nsal 3&700 fc}!pks}aj!rkds bj wek fdwk4220} wa 4&800 fc}!pks}aj!rkds bj 3044*

Wek }wdwk fkhb}fdw{sk ed} sa{jkfr

maj}bgkskg cbff} wa sdb}k wek }wdwk

gb~ks}baj ldjgdwk dca~k wek m{sskjw

;0+* Wek la}w skmkjw dklpw xd}

D}}klcfr Cbff =74& kjdmwkg bj 3044*

DC =74 k}wdcfb}ekg d }wdwk pafbmr

hadf wedw dw fkd}w 8;+ an }afbg xd}wk

hkjksdwkg l{}w ck }a{smk skg{mkg&skmrmfkg& as malpa}wkg cr rkds 3030& djg n{sweks skt{bsk} mallksmbdf djg

p{cfbm kjk} d} xkff d} l{fndlbfr sk}bgkjdf gxkffbjh} wa dssdjhk nas

skmrmfbjh }ks~bmk} }wdsjh O{fr 4& 3043* D} d sk}{fw& kdme o{sb}gbmaj ckhdj

blpfklkjjh bw} axj mallksmbdf skmrmfbjh psahsdl skt{bsbjh ebhe,t{dfbwr

xd}wk maffkmaj djg skmrmfbjh }ks~bmk}*

Wek Ma{jwr majj{k} wa }{ppasw wek gk~kfaplkjw an famdf ldsikw} nas

skldj{ndmw{sbjh skmrmfdcfk} djg kupdjgbjh ldsikw} nas skmrmfkg psag{mw}*

D} pdsw an web} kasw& skmrmfbjh ldsikw gk~kfaplkjw zajk} majj{k wa

kupdjg ma{jwrxbgk wa bjmf{gk dggbajdf mbk}* Ajk an wek }dfbkjw b}}{k} b}

] A F B G X D ] W K

sk}{fwkg bj wek Ma{jwr} skfbdjmk aj naskbhj ldsikw}* Web} xd} pdsm{fdsfr

k~bgkjw bj fbhew an wek skmkjw gkmfbjk bj wek a~ks}kd} ldsikw ~df{k an

skmrmfdcfk ldwksbdf}* Xbwe wek blpkjgbjh mfa}{sk} an famdf fdjgff}& skmkjwfr

kjdmwkg ldjgdwasr mallksmbdf skmrmfbjh& djg wek pawkjdf nas wek }wdwk wa

bjmskd}k wek ldjgdwasr gb~ks}baj sdwk nas o{sb}gbmaj}& gk~kfapbjh }wsajhks}wdwkxbgk djg famdf ldsikw} nas skmrmfdcfk} b} k~kj lask msbmdf*

Wek Ma{jwr b} m{sskjwfr bj jkhadaj} xbwe wek Pdbjw ]wkxdsg}ebp

Ashdjbzdaj wa blpfklkjw d pdbjw skma~ksr psahsdl d} d sk}{fw an wek

kjdmwlkjw an DC 4=7= bj 3040& xebme skt{bsk} pdbjw ldj{ndmw{sks} wa

gk~kfap djg blpfklkjw d psahsdl wa maffkmw wsdj}pasw& djg psamk}} pa}w

maj}{lks pdbjw* Wek Ma{jwr dm~kfr }{ppasw} fkhb}fd~k bjbd~k} wedw }eb

wek c{sgkj an psag{mw} kjg,an,fbnk ldjdhklkjw nsal famdf ha~ksjlkjw}

wa ldj{ndmw{sks} djg dw wek }dlk lk kjma{sdhbjh wek ldsikwpfdmk wa

gk~kfap psag{mw} xbwe lbjbldf waubm blpdmw} bj d ma}w,kkm~k ldjjks*

Maj~ks}baj Wkmejafahbk} djg Aweks Dfwksjdwb~k} wa Fdjgff}

Maj~ks}baj wkmejafahbk} dsk psamk}}k} mdpdcfk an maj~ksjh pa}w,skmrmfkg

sk}bg{df }afbg xd}wk bjwa {}kn{f psag{mw} djg mfkdj& skjkxdcfk kjkshr*

^dsba{} weksldf& meklbmdf djg!as cbafahbmdf maj~ks}baj wkmejafahbk}

apksdwk }{mmk}}n{ffr bj a~ks 35 ma{jwsbk}* Ldjdhklkjw an }afbg xd}wk

wesa{he wek}k wkmejafahbk}& sdweks wedj wesa{he fdjgff gb}pa}df& xa{fg

gkmskd}k jkw dbs paff{wdjw klb}}baj} djg hskkjea{}k hd}k}9 {fbzk ldwksbdf}

wedw dsk aweksxb}k jaw skmrmfdcfk as sk{}dcfk9 psag{mk skjkxdcfk kjkshr

djg hskkj n{kf}9 skg{mk gkpkjgkjmk aj naskbhj abf9 djg psk}ks~k fdjgffmdpdmbk} djg na}}bf n{kf} xebfk malpfklkjjh Mdfbnasjbd} skmrmfbjh

bjnsd}ws{mw{sk djg malpfrbjh xbwe }wsbmw kj~bsajlkjwdf }dnkh{dsg}*

Wek Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk} Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}& wek Fa} Djhkfk}

Ma{jwr Bjwkhsdwkg Xd}wk Ldjdhklkjw Wd}i Nasmk& wek Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk}&

wek Ma{jwr ]djbwdaj Gb}wsbmw}& j{lksa{} aweks mbk} xbwebj wek Ma{jwr&

djg aweks }wdikeafgks} dsk maffdcasdjh wa k~df{dwk djg gk~kfap maj~ks}baj

wkmejafahbk} bj ]a{weksj Mdfbnasjbd* Dks }k~ksdf rkds} an kuwkj}b~k }w{gr

] A F B G X D ] W K


16/28


=032

] A F B G X D ] W K

djg k~df{daj an }{me wkmejafahbk}& wek}k dhkjmbk} dsk la~bjh nasxdsg wa

gk~kfap gklaj}wsdaj djg mallksmbdf,}mdfk ndmbfbk} bj wek skhbaj* ]{me

ndmbfbk} ma{fg ck wek s}w an wekbs ibjg bj wek ma{jwsr& djg xbff pd~k wek xdr

nas dggbajdf psaokmw} cr d}}k}}bjh wek fahb}mdf djg kmajalbm nkd}bcbfbwr an

}{me ndmbfbk}& djg malpbfbjh gdwd wa ekfp nasl{fdwk p{cfbm pafbmbk} nas }{megk~kfaplkjw} bj wek n{w{sk* Psaokmw} dsk df}a ckbjh p{s}{kg cr wek mbk} an

Hfkjgdfk djg ]dj Oa}k& wek Ma{jwr an ]djwd Cdscdsd& djg wek ]dfbjd} ^dffkr

]afbg Xd}wk D{weasbwr*

M{sskjwfr& weksk dsk wxa xd}wk,wa,kjkshr ndmbfbk} bj wek Ma{jwr wedw

wsdj}nasl skn{}k bjwa kfkmwsbmbwr wesa{he d malc{}aj psamk}}k}* ]k~ksdf

o{sb}gbmaj} bj wek Ma{jwr skfr aj wek gb~ks}baj mskgbw nsal wek}k ndmbfbk}

wa malpfr xbwe wek }wdwk} xd}wk skg{maj ldjgdwk* Wek Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk}

b} k~df{djh 3 }easw,fb}wkg psapa}df} nas wek gk~kfaplkjw an d mallksmbdf

}mdfk xd}wk,wa,kjkshr ndmbfbwr mdpdcfk an psamk}}bjh {p wa 4&000 waj} pks gdr

an l{jbmbpdf }afbg xd}wk

Nbjdf Hsdgk

Wek a~ksdff hsdgk nas ]afbg Xd}wk Ldjdhklkjw b} C)*

Bj~k}wlkjw Jkkg}

Bw b} k}ldwkg wedw a~ks '7;0 lbffbaj pks rkds nas wek jkuw ~k rkds} b}

jkkgkg wa apksdwk djg ldbjwdbj wek }afbg xd}wk ldjdhklkjw bjnsd}ws{mw{sk

bjmf{gbjh blpfklkjjh wek skmallkjgdaj} ckfax* Dggbajdf

bj~k}wlkjw} xa{fg ck jkmk}}dsr nas jkx djg skpfdmklkjw psaokmw}*

Skmallkjgdwbaj}

Psa~bgbjh sk}a{smk} wa kjedjmk }a{smk skg{maj djg skmrmfbjh

psahsdl} bj cawe wek sk}bgkjdf djg mallksmbdf }kmwas} bjmf{gbjh

p{cfbm kg{mdaj

P{s}{bjh fkhb}fdaj wedw xa{fg pfdmk sk}paj}bcbfbwr aj psag{mks}!

ldj{ndmw{sks} wa ldjdhk psag{mw} dw wek kjg an wekbs {}kn{f fbnk

Gk~kfapbjh dggbajdf ndmbfbk} dw }wsdwkhbm famdaj} nas psamk}}bjh

] A F B G X D ] W K

hskkj xd}wk djg mallbjhfkg ldwksbdf} wa skma~ks lask

skmrmfdcfk}& ashdjbm} djg!as naag xd}wk

]l{fdjh famdf ldsikw} nas skmrmfdcfk ldwksbdf}

Gk~kfapbjh dfwksjd~k xd}wk ldjdhklkjw wkmejafahr ndmbfbk}&

}{me d} maj~ks}baj wkmejafahbk}& cr }{ppasjh pafbmbk}& psa~bgbjhsk}a{smk}& djg ndmbfbwdjh maasgbjdaj dlajh }wdikeafgks}

]{ppasjh kasw} wa bjmskd}k mdpdmbk} dw wsdj}nks }wdaj} djg

fdjgff}

]a{smk}


Ma{jwr ]djbwdaj Gb}wsbmw} an Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk} C{skd{ an ]djbwdaj

Mbwr an C{scdji

EGS Kjhbjkksbjh& Bjm*


17/28


=3=4

Wek d}}k}}lkjw an Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr }wskkw} djg ebhexdr} maj}b}wkg

an pd~klkjw majgbaj djg wsdm majhk}aj* Wek pd~klkjw majgbajmalpajkjw xd} }maskg cd}kg aj ldbjwkjdjmk skmasg} nsal Mdfwsdj}& wek

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& djg dff mbk} xbwebj wek Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}* Wsdm

majhk}aj xd} }maskg cd}kg aj mdpdmbwr gdwd nsal ~dsba{} mbk} xbwebj

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk} %Ma~bjd& Gaxjkr& Pdflgdfk& Pd}dgkjd& Palajd& djg

Wassdjmk"& Mdfwsdj}& wek Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& djg wek Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}*

D}}k}}lkjw a ]wskkw} djg Ebhexdr}

Wek Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& wek Mbwr an Fajh Ckdme& djg wek Mbwr an Fa}

Djhkfk} {}k malp{wksbzkg pd~klkjw ldjdhklkjw }r}wkl} wa sdwk pd~klkjw

bj~kjwasbk}* Bjgb~bg{df pd~klkjw }khlkjw} dsk sdwkg aj d }mdfk an ^ksr Haag

wa Paas* Hsdgk} an D wesa{he N xksk d}}bhjkg cd}kg aj pd~klkjw }khlkjw

sdjh}* Mdfwsdj} {}k} pd~klkjw gb}wsk}} wa sdwk bw} pd~klkjw xbwe ja gb}wsk}}

kt{b~dfkjw wa hsdgk D djg ldoas gb}wsk}} kt{b~dfkjw wa hsdgk N* D wawdf an 3*>;

cbffbaj }t{dsk nkkw an }wskkw djg ebhexdr pd~klkjw xd} }w{gbkg*

Hb~kj wek kub}jh n{jgbjh fk~kf}& Fa}

Djhkfk} Ma{jwr} }wskkw} djg sadg}

mdj ck kupkmwkg wa gkwksbasdwk sdpbgfr

xbwebj wek jkuw 40 rkds}* Bj dggbaj&

ma}w} an djr gknksskg ldbjwkjdjmk

xbff ajfr majj{k wa hsax*

Wa ldbjwdbj wek kub}jh

wsdj}paswdaj jkwxasi& xk xbff jkkg '42; lbffbaj pks rkds nas jkuw ~k

rkds}* Mdfwsdj} jkkg} '3;0 lbffbaj pks rkds wa ldbjwdbj bw} sadgxdr jkwxasi

wa kub}jh majgbaj}*

C,C,

300; 3003

]WSKK W] . E BHEXDR] M,

MAJGBWBAJ M

Sadg} bj ndbs majgbwbaj xbwe lagksdwk msdmibjhas }{sndmk gkwksbasdwbaj

Wsdm Majhk}wbaj

Wsdm majhk}aj xd} }maskg

aj nskkxdr djg dswksbdf Fk~kf an

]ks~bmk %FA]" gdwd malpbfkg nsal

~dsba{} mbk} xbwebj wek Ma{jwran Fa} Djhkfk} %Ma~bjd& Gaxjkr&

Pdflgdfk& Pd}dgkjd& Palajd& djg

Wassdjmk"& Mdfwsdj}& djg wek Mbwr an

Fa} Djhkfk}& djg wek Ma{jwr an Fa}

Djhkfk}* Nskkxdr FA] b} d sda an

~kebmfk} ma{jwkg a~ks mdpdmbwr*

Dswksbdf FA] {}k} d sda an ~kebmfk}

ma{jwkg a~ks bjwks}kmaj mdpdmbwr* FA] gdwd nas nskkxdr} djg dswksbdf}

xd} lkd}{skg g{sbjh cawe DL djg PL pkdi wsdm majgbaj}* Wek }w{gr

bjmf{gk} 5= dswksbdf lajbwasbjh }wdaj} djg 54 nskkxdr lajbwasbjh }wdaj}*

Fkks hsdgk} d}}bhjkg wa FA] }mask} dsk cd}kg aj dj D wa N hsdgbjh }mdfk*

Wek malcbjkg nskkxdr djg dswksbdf hsdgk b} G*

Gdwd }eaxkg wedw edfn an wek

nskkxdr }r}wkl apksdwk} dw wek

la}w majhk}wkg fk~kf} bj wek

lasjbjh djg dksjaaj s{}e ea{s}*

Ldjr nskkxdr }khlkjw} kupksbkjmk

majhk}aj bj cawe gbskmaj}g{sbjh wek}k lk}& dj {jnasw{jdwk

kupdj}baj an wek wsdgbajdf }{c{sc,

wa,gaxjwaxj mall{wk pdksj* ]blbfdsfr& 70+ an dswksbdf bjwks}kmaj} bj

wek lasjbjh s{}e ea{s djg ;0+ an wek bjwks}kmaj} bj wek dksjaaj s{}e

ea{s apksdwk dw wek}k gblbjb}ekg FA] fk~kf}*

Nbjdf Hsdgk

Bj hkjksdf& pd~klkjw majgbaj djg wsdm majhk}aj dsk kt{dffr blpaswdjw

xekj maj}bgksbjh wek a~ksdff hsdgk nas }wskkw} djg ebhexdr}* Wek jdf hsdgk

MAJGBWBAJ G

Sadg} bj paas majgbwbaj xbwe kuwkj}b~k msdmibjh&

pdwmebjh& as aweks ~b}bcfk gkwksbasdwbaj

] W S K K W ] . E B H E X D R ]


18/28


=7==

] W S K K W ] . E B H E X D R ]

b} cd}kg ;0+ aj pd~klkjw majgbaj djg ;0+ aj wsdm majhk}aj nas d

hsdgk an M,*

Bj~k}wlkjw Jkkg}

Dj bj~k}wlkjw an dppsaubldwkfr '42; lbffbaj b} skt{bskg wa ldbjwdbj wekkub}jh majgbaj} djg dppsaubldwkfr '7=0 lbffbaj b} skt{bskg wa blpsa~k

wek majgbaj} an sadgxdr pd~klkjw wa dj dmmkpwdcfk }wdwk an skpdbs*

]wdwk ebhexdr} djg nskkxdr} skt{bsk dj dggbajdf '3*; cbffbaj bj sadgxdr

majgbajbjh djg ldbjwkjdjmk a~ks wek jkuw ~k rkds}*

Xbwea{w web} dggbajdf ldbjwkjdjmk&

wek a~ksdff majgbaj an pd~klkjw bj Fa}

Djhkfk} Ma{jwr xbff majj{k wa gkmfbjk

kdme rkds* Web} gkmfbjk xa{fg sk}{fw bj

bjmskd}k} bj ~kebmfk skpdbs ma}w}& wsdmgkfdr}& n{kf maj}{lpaj& djg ~kebmfk

klb}}baj}*

Bj asgks wa skfbk~k majhk}aj& wek LWD k}ldwk} wedw dppsaubldwkfr '=00

cbffbaj b} skt{bskg wa bj~k}w bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr} wsdj}paswdaj }r}wkl

wesa{he 3070* Wek webswr,rkds pfdj xbff nam{} aj blpsa~bjh dswksbdf wsdm ax

cr blpfklkjjh mdpbwdf blpsa~klkjw} djg ckks {}k an dg~djmkg wkmejafahr*

Dggbajdffr& wek ]a{weksj Mdbnasjbd D}}ambdaj an Ha~ksjlkjw} %]MDH"

k}ldwk} wedw wsdm aj famdf }wskkw} b} psaokmwkg wa bjmskd}k =0+ cr 30=0*

Weksk dsk ldjr fbikfr skd}aj}& bjmf{gbjh majj{kg hsaxwe bj pap{fdaj djg

oac}& }pbffa~ks nsal bjmskd}bjh nskkxdr majhk}aj& djg lask haag} la~klkjw,

skfdwkg ws{mi wsdm* Xbwea{w dggbajdf bj~k}wlkjw}& pkdi ea{s }pkkg} djg wek

kmbkjmr an wek sadgxdr jkwxasi xbff majj{k wa gkmfbjk*

Skmallkjgdwbaj}

Wa blpsa~k FD Ma{jwr ]wskkw} djg Ebhexdr}& D]MK skmallkjg} wek

p{cfbm wa ?

Kjgas}k cawe wek }wdwk djg Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr LWD Maj}kj}{}

Psbjmbpfk} nas Sk,d{weasbzdaj an wek Nkgksdf Wsdj}paswdaj Kt{bwr

] W S K K W ] . E B H E X D R ]

Dmw nas wek 34}w Mkjw{sr %LDP,34" d} wekr skfdwk wa ebhexdr psahsdl}

]{ppasw Bjmskd}k Majhk}aj Lbhdaj djg Dbs T{dfbwr Blpsa~klkjw

%MLDT" n{jgbjh djg ]{sndmk Wsdj}paswdaj Psahsdl %]WP"& djg EAPP

n{jgbjh nas Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr xbwea{w dg~ks}kfr blpdmjh aweks

wsdj}paswdaj n{jgbjh psahsdl} Kjgas}k gk~kfaplkjw djg blpfklkjwdaj an blpsa~klkjw} wa bj

mskd}k dswksbdf djg nskkxdr }r}wkl mdpdmbwr djg kmbkjmr

Kjgas}k wek Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr Lacbfbwr,34 sk}af{aj} wedw }kki

dggbajdf sk~kj{k} wa lkkw Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr} }wskkw djg ebhe

xdr jkkg}

]a{smk}

Mdfwsdj}& Mdfbnasjbd Gkpdswlkjw an Wsdj}paswdaj

Mbwr an Ma~bjd

Mbwr an Gaxjkr Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk}

Mbwr an Pdflgdfk

Mbwr an Pd}dgkjd

Mbwr an Palajd

Mbwr an Wassdjmk

Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}& Sadg

Ldbjwkjdjmk Gb~b}baj

3040 Lkwsapafbwdj Wsdj}paswdaj D{weasbwr %LWD" Wsdm

Ldjdhklkjw Psahsdl Skpasw


19/28


=; =>

Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr b} d ebhefr {scdjbzkg ma{jwr maj}b}jh an a~ks 7&000

}t{dsk lbfk} xbwe 55 famdf mbk} djg fdshk {jbjmaspasdwkg dskd}& djg dpap{fdaj an a~ks 40 lbffbaj* P{cfbm wsdj}paswdaj bjmf{gk} sdbf }ks~bmk}&

c{}k}& djg pdsdwsdj}bw* Lkwsa fbji sdbf psa~bgk} }ks~bmk aj 8 sa{wk} xbwe ;;

}wdaj} bj wek ma{jk} an Fa} Djhkfk}& Asdjhk Sb~ks}bgk& ]dj Cksjdsgbja&

^kjw{sd djg Jasweksj ]dj Gbkha* Wek Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr Lkwsapafbwdj

Wsdj}paswdaj D{weasbwr apksdwk} > sdbf djg }{cxdr fbjk} psa~bgbjh

wsdj}paswdaj wa gaxjwaxj nsal a{wfrbjh dskd}*

D}}k}}lkjw a Wsdj}bw ]r}wkl

Lkwsa b} wek pskgalbjdjw skhbajdf wsdj}paswdaj

apksdwas xbwe a~ks 300 c{} sa{wk}* Bj dggbaj&weksk dsk 4> l{jbmbpdf apksdwas} wedw psa~bgk famdf

djg skhbajdf wsdj}paswdaj bj ~dsba{} o{sb}gbmaj}

wesa{hea{w wek Ma{jwr* A~ks 50 famdf mbk} apksdwk

d websg ks an ukg sa{wk }ks~bmk} djg pdsdwsdj}bw

}ks~bmk} xbwebj wekbs mall{jbk} wedw fbji wa wek skhbajdf wsdj}bw }r}wkl}&

akj wdshkwkg wa lkkw wek jkkg} an wek wsdj}bw gkpkjgkjw }kjbas& gb}dcfkg

djg hkjksdf p{cfbm xbwebj wekbs mall{jbk}* Dmmk}} ]ks~bmk}& Bjm* %D]B"

apksdwk} Dlksbmdj Gb}dcbfbk} Dmw %DGD" pdsdwsdj}bw }ks~bmk} nas dff kfbhbcfk Fa}

Djhkfk} Ma{jwr sk}bgkjw}*

A~ks ;=> lbffbaj ukg sa{wk wsdj}bw wsbp} dsk wdikj kdme rkds xbwe 83+ an wek

wsbp} psa~bgkg cr Lkwsa& 3>+ an wek wsbp} dsk psa~bgkg cr l{jbmbpdf apksdwas}&

djg 3+ an wek wsbp} dsk famdf psa~bgkg cr wek famdf mbk} ukg sa{wk }ks~bmk}*

]{cwawdf ;3;&000&000 25+

Famdf Mbwbk} 44&300&000 3+

Wawf Nbukg Sa{wk ;=>&300&000

Lkwsafbji 44&852&05>

Lkwsa Sdbf >=&800&000

M)M)

300; 3003

W SDJ]BW M

WSBP] PKSMKJWDHK

Wsdj}paswdwbaj Lagk Hsdgk}?

Sdbf? LkwsafbjI? C

Sdbf? Lkwsa Sdbf? C)

Lkwsa djg L{jbmbpdf Wsdj}bw? C)

Famdf Nbukg Sa{wk Wsdj}bw . Pdsdwsdj}bw? CDGD Skhbajdf Pdsdwsdj}bw? C)

Wsdj}paswdaj N{jgbjh ]a{smk}? G

]wdwk n{jgbjh }easdff} ed~k md{}kg }bhjbmdjw blpdmw} wa }ks~bmk

Famdf }dfk} wdu wsdj}paswdaj n{jgbjh }easdff} nasmk skg{maj} bj

}ks~bmk fk~kf}

Wsdm majj{k} wa xas}kj& xebme }fax} c{}k}& kkmjh aj,lk

pksnasldjmk

Wa ldbjwdbj ekdgxdr} an wxa rkds} dha& wsbp} dsk dggkg wa

malpkj}dwk nas gkfdr} g{k wa wsdm

Apksdjh c{ghkw} majj{k wa hsax g{k wa wek}k skg{maj} bj

wsd~kf lk }pkkg}

Wek bjmskd}k bj n{kf ma}w} xbff majj{k wa psaebcbw hsaxwe djg

blpsa~klkjw} bj }ks~bmk

Nbjdf Hsdgk

Wek jdf hsdgk nas wek wsdj}bw }r}wkl bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr b} M*

Bj~k}wlkjw Jkkg}

A~ksdff& Wsdj}bw }ks~bmk} ed~k blpsa~kg a~ks wek pd}w }k~kj rkds}* Eaxk~ks&weksk b} d }mdf wsdj}paswdaj n{jgbjh msb}b} wedw b} kupkmwkg wa majj{k& xebme

xbff sk}{fw bj }ks~bmk m{w}& ndsk bjmskd}k}& djg ksa}baj an m{sskjw fk~kf} an }ks~bmk*

Wsdj}bw bjnsd}ws{mw{sk nas Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr b} {jgksn{jgkg* Wek Lkwsa

3002 Fajh Sdjhk Pfdj k}ldwk} wedw a~ks '45 cbffbaj b} skt{bskg wa n{jg

skhbajdf Lkwsa djg L{jbmbpdf Wsdj}bw blpsa~klkjw psbasbk} djj{dffr*

Bj~k}wlkjw jkkg} skpaswkg nsal wek Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk ]{s~kr bjgbmdwk} d

lbjbl{l bj~k}wlkjw jkkg an '>00 lbffbaj nas wsdj}bw mdpbwdf& wsdj}bw

wkmejafahr djg apksdjh kupkj}k} a~ks wek jkuw nkx rkds}*

W S D J ] B W


20/28


=5=8

W S D J ] B W

Skmallkjgdwbaj}

N{jgbjh wsdj}bw psaokmw} djg psahsdl} bgkjkg bj wek Fa} Djhkfk}

Ma{jwr LWD} Fajh,Sdjhk Wsdj}paswdaj Pfdj djg bjmskd}k n{jgbjh

nas jkx }r}wkl} djg kupdj}baj}& c{}k} djg c{} ndmbfbk}& wsdj}bw

mdpbwdf djg psk~kjwd~k ldbjwkjdjmk& djg pdsdwsdj}bw mdpbwdf jkkg}

nas }ks~bmk} psa~bgkg cr skhbajdf& l{jbmbpdf& ma{jwr djg Famdf

ha~ksjlkjwdf dhkjmbk}

N{jgbjh wsdj}bw psahsdl} djg majj{k wek kupdj}baj an Sdpbg C{}

Sa{wk}

Majj{bjh wa bjmaspasdwk Sdpbg C{} dlkjbk}& Fblbwkg ]wap

Apksdaj} djg kjedjmkg Wsdj}bw ]wdaj} wesa{hea{w wek Ma{jwr

Majj{bjh wa gk~kfap djg n{jg psahsdl} wa bjmskd}k Fa} Djhkfk}

dxdskjk}} an bllkgbdwk wsdj}bw jkkg} djg fajh,wksl ckjkw}

bjmf{gbjh blpsa~kg dbs t{dfbwr& hskdwks dmmk}} djg wek hskdwks

kmajalr an wsdj}bw {}k

Majj{bjh wa gk~kfap maj}b}wkjw djg skfbdcfk }a{smk} an n{jgbjh nas

p{cfbm wsdj}paswdaj bj Mdfbnasjbd djg bj Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr

Psawkmjh kub}jh }wdwk djg nkgksdf wsdj}paswdaj n{jgbjh }a{smk}

]a{smk}

[pgdwkg Lkwsa Fajh Sdjhk Wsdj}paswdaj Pfdj nas Fa} Djhkfk}

Ma{jwr

Dmmk}} ]ks~bmk} Pdsdwsdj}bw Djj{df ]wd}m} 3002

Lkwsa Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr JWG Skpasjh 3005 djg 3002 Skmkjw Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk ]{s~kr}

Skmkjw Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk} Wsdj}paswdaj Psafk

]MSSD %Lkwsafbji" NR 3044 JWG Skpasw

Sb~ks}& fdik}& mskki}& }wskdl}& ckdmek} djg mad}wdf xdwks} bj wek Fa}

Djhkfk} dskd ed~k ckkj na{jg wa ck majwdlbjdwkg xbwe waubj} djg ekdfwe,

weskdwkjbjh paff{wdjw}* Majwdlbjdaj b} d weskdw wa e{ldj} djg xbfgfbnk*

La}w xdwks paff{aj malk} nsal wek {jwskdwkg xdwks wedw ax} a

saaap}& pd~klkjw& }wskkw} djg pdsibjh faw} gbskmwfr bjwa a{s xdwksxdr}&

cdr} djg ckdmek}* S{ja majwdbj} j{lksa{} paff{wdjw}& bjmf{gbjh

bjg{}wsbdf }af~kjw}& pdbjw}& bjnkma{} cdmwksbd& aurhkj,meaibjh pk}mbgk}

djg nksfbzks}& lawas abf& wsd}e djg k~kj waubm ekd~r lkwdf} }{me d} fkdg&

lksm{sr& mesalb{l djg ds}kjbm*

Cdmihsa{jg

Xdwks T{dfbwr ]wdjgdsg} %XT]" dsk

wek na{jgdaj an wek xdwks t{dfbwr,

cd}kg paff{aj majwsaf psahsdl

ldjgdwkg cr wek jdajdf Mfkdj

Xdwks Dmw* Xdwks T{dfbwr ]wdjgdsg}

gkjk wek hadf} nas d xdwkscagr cr

gk}bhjdjh bw} {}k}& }kjh msbwksbd

wa psawkmw wea}k {}k}& djg k}wdcfb}ebjh psa~b}baj} wa psawkmw xdwkscagbk}

nsal paff{wdjw}*

Wek Mfkdj Xdwks Dmw skt{bsk} }wdwk}& wkssbwasbk}& djg d{weasbzkg wsbck} wa

gk~kfap fb}w} an xdwks} wedw dsk waa paff{wkg as aweksxb}k gkhsdgkg wa lkkw

wek xdwks t{dfbwr }wdjgdsg}*

Wek fdx skt{bsk} wedw kdme o{sb}gbmaj k}wdcfb}e psbasbwr sdjibjh} nas wek

fb}wkg xdwks} djg bjmf{gk Wawdf Ldubl{l Gdbfr Fadg} %WLGF}"* WLGF b} d

mdfm{fdaj an wek ldubl{l dla{jw an d paff{wdjw wedw d xdwkscagr mdj

skmkb~k djg }ff }dnkfr lkkw xdwks t{dfbwr }wdjgdsg}*

GG

300; 3003

G[ SCDJ S [ J , A N N


21/28


=2 70

D}}k}}lkjw a [scdj S{j,an

Wek lkweagafahr bj~af~k} d xdwks}ekg,cr,xdwks}ekg d}}k}}lkjw xbwe

d skhbaj,xbgk hsdgk ckbjh wek malpa}bwk an dff xdwks}ekg k~df{daj}*

Na{s paff{wdjw} dsk {}kg d} bjgbmdwas} nas xdwks t{dfbwr& kdme an xebme

b} xkbhewkg kt{dffr* Wek}k bjgbmdwas paff{wdjw} dsk j{wsbkjw}& cdmwksbd&lkwdf}& djg wsd}e*

Wek msbwksbd nas d}}k}}bjh kdme

xdwks}ekg dsk cd}kg aj? 4" Sk}{fw} an

xdwks t{dfbwr blpsa~klkjw} skfd~k

wa xdwks t{dfbwr }wdjgdsg}& djg 3"

Blpfklkjwdaj an xdwks t{dfbwr

blpsa~klkjw kasw}* Nas 3043& dj

D as C xa{fg ajfr ck dxdsgkg bn

blpfklkjwdaj kasw} dsk }{mmk}}n{fkja{he wa skkmw }bhjbmdjw

blpsa~klkjw bj xdwks t{dfbwr& fkdgbjh wa malpfbdjmk xbwe XT] djg WLGF}*

D hsdgk an M as G bjgbmdwk} kasw} dsk {jgksxdr& djg weksk b} }alk xdwks

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jaw ajfr paas xdwks t{dfbwr& c{w df}a ndbf{sk wa bjbdwk }bhjbmdjw xdwks

t{dfbwr blpsa~klkjw kasw}*

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djg& we{}& ja dmwbaj b} ckbjh wdikj xebme lkdj} wedw paas hsdgk} sk}{fw*

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wek mfkdj {p nas wek paff{wdjw*

Wek naffaxbjh }{lldsbzk} wek hkjksdf h{bgkfbjk} {}kg nas kdme

xdwks}ekg k~df{dwbaj* Nas p{spa}k} an web} skpasw mdsg& gsr,xkdweks

%wrpbmdffr jaj,sdbjr }kd}aj s{jann" djg xkw,xkdweks %sdbjr }kd}aj

s{jann" majgbwbaj} xksk malcbjkg*

Nas kdme xdwks}ekg djg pdsdlkwks& hsdgk} xksk k}wdcfb}ekg djg

xkbhewkg %kt{dffr" nas d malpa}bwk wawdf* Dj dmdgklbm }mdfk an D


22/28


7374

[ S C D J S [ J , A N N

kjgbjh {p dw wek ckdme* Psaokmw} ed~k ckkj c{bfw wedw dmw{dffr ibff cdmwksbd

psbas wa ckbjh gb}medshkg bjwa xdwks xdr}* Aweks mskd~k psaokmw} ed~k ckkj

c{bfw& djg jkx ajk} dsk ckbjh maj}bgkskg wedw eds~k}w s{ja djg dffax bw wa

pksmafdwk bjwa wek hsa{jg& as ck {}kg nas jaj,pawdcfk p{spa}k}* Wek naslks

psamk}} b} d jdw{sdf xdr wa wskdw s{ja djg psa~bgk wek dggkg ckjkw anbjmskd}bjh wek }{ppfr an hsa{jgxdwks nas fdwks {}k d} pawdcfk xdwks* [}bjh sdbj

xdwks nas jaj,pawdcfk p{spa}k} d~abg} wek {}k an fblbwkg pawdcfk xdwks*

Mbk} dsk df}a ckhbjjbjh wa dggsk}} ldsbjk gkcsb} skg{maj wesa{he wek

bj}wdffdaj an n{ff,mdpw{sk gk~bmk} wa lkkw wek pfdjjkg 3040 Wsd}e WLGF nas

]djwd Lajbmd Cdr*

Wek}k haag l{jbmbpdf kudlpfk} gklaj}wsdwk xasibjh wahkweks djg ckbjh

mskd~k wa wsr wa dggsk}} d psacfkl wedw dkmw} dff mall{jbk} djg wek

ekdfwe an a{s jdw{sdf }r}wkl}*

Skmallkjgdwbaj}

Majj{k sk}kdsme wa bgkjnr ddbjdcfk hadf} djg }wsdwkhbk} wedw

dsk cd}kg aj }a{jg }mbkjmk

Majj{k wek maffdcasd~k kasw} cr l{jbmbpdfbk} wa blpfklkjw

ma}w,kkm~k blpsa~klkjw }af{aj}

]kki }wdcfk djg fajh,wksl n{jgbjh wa blpfklkjw ma}w,kkm~k

}af{aj} wedw sk}{fw bj lkd}{sdcfk blpsa~klkjw} wa {scdj

djg }waslxdwks s{ja t{dfbwr

Majj{k kg{mdaj djg a{wskdme kasw} wa mall{jbk} aj wek

ckjkw} an blpsa~bjh {scdj djg }waslxdwks s{ja t{dfbwr

]a{smk}


Gk~bjjr& Oa}kpe& ]ekfgaj Idlbkjbkmib& djg Lbmedkf ]wkj}wsal*

%Gk~bjjr kw* df*" 3007* Dfwksjd~k Dppsadmek} wa ]waslxdwks

T{dfbwr Majwsaf* Pskpdskg nas wek Fa} Djhkfk} Skhbajdf Xdwks T{dfbwr

Majwsaf Cadsg* []M Mkjwks nas ]{}wdbjdcfk Mbk}

Mdfbnasjbd ]wdwk [jb~ks}bwr& ]dmsdlkjwa %M][]"* 300;* JPGK] ]wasl

xdwks Ma}w ]{s~kr* Pskpdskg nas Mdfbnasjbd ]wdwk Xdwks Sk}a{smk}

[ S C D J S [ J , A N N

Majwsaf Cadsg* Amk an Xdwks Psahsdl} M][ ]dmsdlkjwa& Odj{dsr

Hasgaj& Pkwks& Oaej I{pskjd}& Obbj,Okj Fkk& Odlk} K* Laask& Edssr

Sbmedsg}aj& Mesb}wapeks Xbffbdl}aj* %Hasgaj kw* df*" 3003* Dj

Kmajalbm Blpdmw K~df{daj an Psapa}kg ]wasl Xdwks Wskdwlkjw nas

Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr* ]meaaf an Kjhbjkksbjh djg ]meaaf an Pafbmr&Pfdjjbjh& djg Gk~kfaplkjw* [jb~ks}bwr an ]a{weksj Mdfbnasjbd&

Ja~klcks

Mdfbnasjbd Gkpdswlkjw an Wsdj}paswdaj %Mdfwsdj}" 4225* Nbjdjmbdf

djg Kmajalbm Blpdmw} an ]wasl Xdwks Wskdwlkjw& Fa} Djhkfk}

Ma{jwr JPGK] Pkslbw Dskd* Psk}kjwkg wa Mdfbnasjbd Gkpdswlkjw an

Wsdj}paswdaj Kj~bsajlkjwdf Psahsdl Skpasw B*G* -MW]XSW,25,83&

Ja~klcks


23/28


7= 77

Wek Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr xd}wkxdwks maffkmaj djg wskdwlkjw }r}wkl

maj}b}w} an j{lksa{} }kpdsdwk }r}wkl} sdjhbjh bj }bzk nsal ~ksr }ldff wa

~ksr fdshk* Wek Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk} apksdwk} djg ldbjwdbj} >&;=4 lbfk} an

psbldsr djg }kmajgdsr }kxks}& ;3 p{lp }wdaj}& djg 7 ldoas xd}wkxdwks

wskdwlkjw pfdjw}* Wek Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}& aj

ckedfn an wek Ma{jwr Maj}afbgdwkg ]kxks Ldbjwkjdjmk Gb}wsbmw& apksdwk}

djg ldbjwdbj} 7&>00 lbfk} an }kmajgdsr

}kxks}& 4;= p{lp }wdaj}& djg 7

xd}wkxdwks wskdwlkjw pfdjw}* Wek

Ma{jwr ]djbwdaj Gb}wsbmw} an Fa}

Djhkfk} Ma{jwr apksdwk} djg ldbjwdbj}

4&=30 lbfk} an psbldsr djg }kmajgdsr

}kxks}& ;4 p{lp }wdaj}& djg 43 ldoas

xd}wkxdwks wskdwlkjw pfdjw}* Bjmf{gkg

bj web} rkds} }{s~kr b} d}}k}}lkjw bjnasldaj nsal 45 }ldffks l{jbmbpdf

}r}wkl} kjmalpd}}bjh 3&>33 lbfk} an psbldsr djg }kmajgdsr }kxks} djg ;3

p{lp }wdaj}*

D}}k}}lkjw a M{sskjw Xd}wkxdwks Maffkmwbaj djg Wskdwlkjw ]r}wkl

Wek kub}jh Xd}wkxdwks Maffkmaj djg Wskdwlkjw ]r}wkl b} malpsb}kg an

weskk ldbj malpajkjw}? wek hsd~bwr ax maffkmaj }r}wkl& }kxdhk p{lp}wdaj}& djg xd}wkxdwks wskdwlkjw pfdjw}*

Maffkmwbaj ]r}wkl

Wek maffkmaj }r}wkl maj}b}w} an 4&>82 lbfk} an psbldsr }kxks} %4> bjmek}

bj gbdlkwks djg fdshks" djg 4=&=27 lbfk} an }kmajgdsr }kxks} %fk}} wedj 4>

bjmek} bj gbdlkwks"* Wek maffkmaj }r}wkl xd} sdwkg {}bjh dj D wesa{he N

hsdgbjh }r}wkl* ]kxks} bj kumkffkjw majgbaj& xbwe ja msdmi}& hew,jh

oabjw}& djg }{mbkjw mdpdmbwr wa dmmallagdwk n{w{sk hsaxwe djg xkw

xkdweks ax} xksk sdwkg dj D* ]kxks} wedw edg maffdp}kg majgbaj} djg

xksk bj jkkg an bllkgbdwk skpdbs xksk sdwkg N*

CC

300; 3003

X D]WKXDWKS C)Wek }kxks maffkmaj }r}wkl bj wek Ma{jwr ed} d malcbjkg a~ksdff majgbaj

sdjh an C)* Wek a~ksdff xkbhewkg d~ksdhk }mask nas wek maffkmaj }r}wkl

b} =*7; aj d }mdfk an 4 wa 7* Web} a~ksdff sdjh xd} mdfm{fdwkg {}bjh wek

fbjkds naawdhk an wek maffkmaj }r}wkl d} wek cd}b} an wek xkbhewkg d~ksdhk

nasl{fd* Eaxk~ks& 4=*7 pksmkjw an wek maffkmaj }r}wkl& xebme skpsk}kjw}

3&030 lbfk} an }kxks}& ed} skdmekg d pabjw xeksk skpdbs} djg skedcbfbwdaj

dsk jkkgkg wa ikkp wek }r}wkl n{jmajbjh psapksfr* Bj malpdsb}aj xbwe wek

psk~ba{} skpasw& weksk ed} ckkj d gkmskd}k bj wek lbfk} an gkmbkjw }kxks}

psbldsbfr g{k wa wek j{lcks an mbk} xebme sk}pajgkg wa wek }afbmbwdaj nas

bjnasldaj* Bj 3040& 33 mbk} skpsk}kjjh >&04; lbfk} an }kxks} psa~bgkg

skfk~djw bjnasldaj& d} malpdskg wa wek 45 mbk} skpsk}kjjh ajfr 3&>33

lbfk} an }kxks} xebme sk}pajgkg nas web} skpasw*

P{lp ]wdwbaj}

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bj kumkffkjw majgbaj& xbwe }{mbkjw mdpdmbwr nas n{w{sk xkw,xkdweks

ax} skmkb~kg dj D hsdgk* P{lp ]wdaj} bj d ~ksr gkwksbasdwkg majgbaj&

jaw lkkjh gk}bhj }wdjgdsg}& djg fdmibjh mdpdmbwr nas gsr xkdweks ax}

skmkb~kg dj N hsdgk*

Wek p{lp }wdaj} bj wek Ma{jwr ed~k d malcbjkg a~ksdff majgbaj sdjh

an C* Wek a~ksdff xkbhewkg d~ksdhk }mask nas wek p{lp }wdaj} b} =*00 aj

d }mdfk an 4 wa 7* Web} a~ksdff sdjh xd} mdfm{fdwkg {}bjh wek j{lcks an

p{lp }wdaj {jbw} d} wek cd}b} an wek xkbhewkg d~ksdhk nasl{fd* Eaxk~ks&35*; pksmkjw an wek p{lp }wdaj} skt{bsk }bhjbmdjw blpsa~klkjw} wa

sk}wask mdpdmbwr as {phsdgk gkwksbasdwkg majgbaj} wa ikkp wek }wdaj}

n{jmajbjh psapksfr* A~ks wek jkuw ~k rkds} dff G as fk}} sdwkg p{lp

}wdaj} }ea{fg ck skedcbfbwdwkg* Bj malpdsb}aj xbwe wek 300; Skpasw Mdsg&

weksk ed} ckkj d gkmskd}k bj wek j{lcks an gkmbkjw p{lp }wdaj}* Web}

gbkskjmk mdj ck dsbc{wkg wa wek sk,k~df{daj an psk~ba{} d}}k}}lkjw

msbwksbd xebme psa~bgkg d lask skdfb}m k~df{daj an wek ekdfwe djg

}{}wdbjdcbfbwr an wek}k ndmbfbk}*

X D ] W K X D W K S


24/28


7>7;

X D ] W K X D W K SX D ] W K X D W K S

Wskdwlkjw Pfdjw}

Xd}wkxdwks maffkmwkg wesa{hea{w wek Ma{jwr b} wskdwkg dw ajk an 30 wskdwlkjw

pfdjw}* Wek wskdwlkjw pfdjw} xksk sdwkg {}bjh dj D wesa{he G hsdgbjh }r}wkl*

Wskdwlkjw pfdjw} wedw edg }{mbkjw mdpdmbwr wa lkkw m{sskjw djg n{w{sk xkw

xkdweks ax}& skt{bskg ajfr sa{jk ldbjwkjdjmk& djg xksk bj n{ff pkslbwmalpfbdjmk skmkb~kg dj D hsdgk* Pfdjw} wedw edg mdpdmbwr nas ajfr gsr xkdweks

ax}& skt{bskg kuwkj}b~k ldbjwkjdjmk djg blpsa~klkjw}& djg ma{fg jaw

maj}b}wkjwfr lkkw dff pkslbw skt{bsklkjw} skmkb~kg d G*

Wek malcbjkg majgbaj sdjh nas

wek xd}wkxdwks wskdwlkjw pfdjw} b}

d C)* Wek a~ksdff xkbhewkg d~ksdhk

}mask b} =*;5 aj d }mdfk an 4 wa 7*

Web} a~ksdff sdjh xd} mdfm{fdwkg

{}bjh wek gdbfr d~ksdhk ax ankdme wskdwlkjw pfdjw d} wek cd}b}

an wek xkbhewkg d~ksdhk nasl{fd*

Eaxk~ks& k~ks medjhbjh skh{fdwasr

skt{bsklkjw}& }{me d} hskkjea{}k hd} klb}}baj}& xbff skt{bsk lagbmdaj} wa

wek kub}jh xd}wkxdwks wskdwlkjw pfdjw}& k~kj wea}k skmkb~bjh d ebhe hsdgk an

C as ckks*

Nbjdf Hsdgk

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bw} Skpasw Mdsg nas Dlksbmd} Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk*

Bj~k}wlkjw Jkkg}

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dmmalpfb}e web} hadf a~ks wek jkuw ~k rkds} dsk k}ldwkg wa ck '3*5 cbffbaj*

Skmallkjgdwbaj}

Wa ldbjwdbj djg blpsa~k FD Ma{jwr} Xd}wkxdwks Wskdwlkjw Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk&

xk skmallkjg wek p{cfbm ?

]{ppasw n{jgbjh nas dj dmmkfksdwkg mdpbwdf blpsa~klkjw psahsdl wa

psawkmw p{cfbm ekdfwe djg }dnkwr

]{ppasw n{jgbjh nas mfa}kg mbsm{bw wkfk~b}baj bj}pkmaj an wek

maffkmaj }r}wkl wa gkwkslbjk wek }ws{mw{sdf bjwkhsbwr

]a{smk}

Wek Maj}afbgdwkg ]kxks Ldbjwkjdjmk Gb}wsbmw} Ldbjwkjdjmk

Ldjdhklkjw ]r}wkl djg aweks gdwdcd}k} {fbzkg cr wek Ma{jwr an

Fa} Djhkfk} Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk} Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk D}}k}}lkjw Skpasw}

Ma{jwr ]djbwdaj Gb}wsbmw} an Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr ]kxksdhk djgAmk Kjhbjkksbjh Gkpdswlkjw}

]{s~kr Bjnasldaj acwdbjkg nsal wek Mbk} an Ckff& Mkssbwa}& Kf

Lajwk& Kf ]kh{jga& Hdsgkjd& Eksla}d Ckdme& Bjhfkxaag& Fdjmd}wks&

Fa} Djhkfk}& Lajsa~bd& Pdflgdfk& Pd}dgkjd& Palajd& Skgajga

Ckdme& ]dj Ldsbja& ]a{we Hdwk& ]a{we Pd}dgkjd& ksjaj& Xk}w

Eaffrxaag& djg Xebks

X D ] W K X D W K S


25/28


26/28


;072

D M I J A X F K G H K L K J W ]

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbmXasi} Xdwksxasi} Gb~b}baj]kjbas Mb~bf Kjhbjkks

CajWkssd Maj}{fjh

PsbjmbpdfCajWkssd Maj}{fjh

Xdwks Sk}a{smk} Ldjdhklkjw& LkwsapafbwdjXdwks Gb}wsbmw an ]a{weksj Mdfbnasjbd

Wskdwlkjw Pfdjw PL Wkdl& Lkwsapafbwdj XdwksGb}wsbmw an ]a{weksj Mdfbnasjbd

Mkjwsdf djg Xk}w Cd}bj L{jbmbpdf Xdwks Gb}wsbmwLdjdhks an Kjhbjkksbjh

Pds}aj}

Psaokmw Ldjdhks

Gbdjd Ha{fg

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Pasw an Fajh CkdmeLdjdhks an Sdbf Wsdj}paswdaj

Pasw an Fajh Ckdme

Skskg Gkp{wr Mebkn Edscas Kjhbjkks

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbmXasi}& Nfaag Ldbjwkjdjmk Gb~b}bajD}}b}wdjw Gkp{wr Gbskmwas

Mbwr an Fajh Ckdme& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}Mbwr Kjhbjkks!Gkp{wr Gbskmwas an P{cfbm Xasi}

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& C{skd{ an Kjhbjkksbjh&]wskkw Blpsa~klkjw djg ]waslxdwks Gb~b}bajMb~bf Kjhbjkksbjh& D}}ambdwk B^

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& C{skd{ an Kjhbjkksbjh&]wskkw Blpsa~klkjw djg ]waslxdwks Gb~b}baj]kjbas Mb~bf Kjhbjkks

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}

Gkp{wr Gbskmwas

Nfaag Majwsaf

Pe{am Fk& PK

Sacksw Sbkjc{she& PK

S{gr Fkk , Medbs

Mdsfa F{zzb , Ma,Medbs

WO Ibl& PK& PeG

Wal ]lbwe& DBMP& N]LP]&

Ldsi Mesb}wakf}& PK

Gbkha Mdgkjd& PK

Pasw


Mbwr an C{scdji& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}Gbskmwas


]afbg Xd}wk C{}bjk}} Mfd}} Fkdgks!^bmk Psk}bgkjw

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&Kj~bsajlkjwdf Psahsdl} Gb~b}baj]kjbas Mb~bf Kjhbjkks

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&Kj~bsajlkjwdf Psahsdl} Gb~b}bajPsbjmbpdf Kjhbjkks

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk},C{skd{ an ]djbwdaj& ]afbg

Sk}a{smk} ]{ppasw ]ks~bmk} Gb~b}bajKj~bsajlkjwdf Kjhbjkks

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&Kj~bsajlkjwdf Psahsdl Gb~b}baj

]kjbas Mb~bf Kjhbjkks

Mdsfa} S{bz

Cksjdgkk Edf~ks}aj& PK

Klbia Wealp}aj

Pd{f Df~d& PK

Lbmekffk Fkajdsg

Cajjbk Wkdnasg& PK

]afbg X}wk

Mdsfa} M* Cdfgkjkhsa& PK

]{k Fdb& PK , Ma,Medbs Pasw an Fa} Djhkfk},Kjhbjkksbjh Gb~b}baj]kjbas Wsdj}paswdaj Ldjdhks

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk},Edscas Gkpdswlkjw& Pasw an Fa}Djhkfk} Kjhbjkksbjh Gb~b}bajMb~bf Kjhbjkksbjh D}}ambdwk BBB

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk},Edscas Gkpdswlkjw& Pasw an Fa}Djhkfk} Kjhbjkksbjh Gb~b}bajMb~bf Kjhbjkksbjh D}}ambdwk BBB

Dgsbkjjk Nkgsbmi

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}Gkp{wr Gbskmwas

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&Wsdm djg Fbhejh Gb~b}baj

D}}b}wdjw Gkp{wr Gbskmwas


Gb}wsbmw 08& P{cfbm Wsdj}paswdaj Pfdjjbjh

Gkp{wr Gb}wsbmw Gbskmwas

Pdw GkMekffb}& PK , Medbs

Odlk} LmMdswer

Gkdj Fkeldj

]wskkw} . Ebhexr}


27/28


;3;4


Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&]kxks Ldbjwkjdjmk Gb~b}bajPsbjmbpdf Kjhbjkks

Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr ]djbwdaj Gb}wsbmw& Oabjw Xdwks

Paff{aj Majwsaf Pfdjw %OXPMP"

Psaokmw Kjhbjkks

Fa} Djhkfk} Ma{jwr ]djbwdaj Gb}wsbmw& Oabjw Xdwks

Paff{aj Majwsaf Pfdjw %OXPMP"

]{pks~b}bjh Apksdaj} Kjhbjkks

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk},CAK& Kj~bsajlkjwdf KjhbjkksbjhGb~b}bajKj~bsajlkjwdf Kjhbjkks

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk},C{skd{ an ]djbwdaj& Xd}wkxdwks

Kjhbjkksbjh ]ks~bmk} Gb~b}baj

Kj~bsajlkjwdf Kjhbjkks

Eksc M{gbdldw& PK

]wk~k Isdb& PK& CMKK

Sbmedsg Ldrks& PK

Ikbwe Fkewa& PK , Medbs

X}wk Xwks ]r}wkl

Sacksw ^khd& PK

Ldsi Mesb}wakf}& PK

Jkdf ]edpbsa

Pebfbp Cdflka& PK

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&Xdwks}ekg Ldjdhklkjw Gb~b}bajD}}b}wdjw Gkp{wr Gbskmwas

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&Nfaag Ldbjwkjdjmk Gb~b}bajPsbjmbpdf Kjhbjkks

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk},C{skd{ an ]djbwdaj& Xdwks}ekg

Psawkmaj Gb~b}baj

]kjbas Kj~bsajlkjwdf Kjhbjkks

Dfdlkgd Massbgas Kd}w,Maj}ws{maj D{weasbwr

Gkp{wr MKA!Mebkn Kjhbjkks%naslksfr Mbwr Kjhbjkks,Mbwr an Fajh Ckdme"


]kjbas Psaokmw Ldjdhks

%naslksfr D}}b}wdjw Mbwr Kjhbjkks,Mbwr an Fajh Ckdme"

Mbwr an ]djwd Lajbmd& Xdwks Kmbkjmr ]kmaj

]kjbas Kj~bsajlkjwdf Djdfr}w![scdj S{j,aLdjdhklkjw Maasgbjdwas

Hdsr EbfgkCsdjg , Medbs

Ekmwas Casgd}& PK

[scj S{j,an

D M I J A X F K G H K L K J W ]D M I J A X F K G H K L K J W ]

Xkjgr C{b

Idwk Nsakllbjh

Idskj ]diagd

Mbwr an Skgajga Ckdme& Wsdj}bw Apksdaj} djgWsdj}paswdaj

Ndmbfbk} Ldjdhks

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&

Psahsdl} Gk~kfaplkjw Gb~b}bajMb~bf Kjhbjkks

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&Psahsdl} Gk~kfaplkjw Gb~b}baj

]kjbas Mb~bf Kjhbjkks

]a{weksj Mdfbnasjbd Skhbajdf Sdbf D{weasbwr %]MSSD"LkwsafbjiHsdjw} Skpasjh . Malpfbdjmk Maasgbjdwas

]a{weksj Mdfbnasjbd Skhbajdf Sdbf D{weasbwr %]MSSD"Lkwsafbji]wsdwkhr Gkpdswlkjw

Djdckf G{cab}& PK

Wsj}bw

Oarmk Saajkr , 3040,Medbs

Ekmwas L* Ack}a& PK Mdfbnasjbd Gkpdswlkjw an Wsdj}paswdaj %Mdfwsdj}"

Gb}wsbmw 08, Amk an Ldbjwkjdjmk Kjhbjkksbjh

Amk Mebkn


Gb}wsbmw 08, Amk an Ldbjwkjdjmk ]{ppaswGkp{wr Gb}wsbmw Gbskmwas Ldbjwkjdjmk


Gkp{wr MKA!Mebkn Kjhbjkks%naslksfr Mbwr Kjhbjkks,Mbwr an Fajh Ckdme"


]kjbas Psaokmw Ldjdhks%naslksfr D}}b}wdjw Mbwr Kjhbjkks,Mbwr an Fajh Ckdme"

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk},C{skd{ an ]wskkw ]ks~bmk}&Kjhbjkksbjh Gb~b}bajGb~b}baj Ldjdhks

EGS Kjhbjkksbjh& Bjm*Psaokmw Ldjdhks

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&Sadg Ldbjwkjdjmk Gb~b}bajMb~bf Kjhbjkks

Djgr H* G{ajh& PK

E{he ]kwa Fkk& ]K& MM]

Ldsi Mesb}wakf}& PK

]edbfk}e Pdwkf

Gdjbkf O* Nskkldj& PK

Pebfbp Cdflka& PK


28/28

;=


Nksjdjga bffdf{jd

Saxkjgd Fd{

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}& Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}&]kxks Ldbjwkjdjmk Gb~b}baj

Mb~bf Kjhbjkks

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk},C{skd{ an ]djbwdaj& Xd}wkxdwks

Kjhbjkksbjh ]ks~bmk} Gb~b}baj

Kj~bsajlkjwdf Kjhbjkksbjh D}}ambdwk

Psk}bgkjw

Pd}w,Psk}bgkjw

Psk}bgkjw,Kfkmw

^bmk Psk}bgkjw

Wskd}{sks

]kmskwdsr

Bjnsd}ws{mw{sk Skpasw Mdsg Mallbkk,^bmk Medbs

Ldsfaj Mdfgksaj& PKMbwr an Fa} Djhkfk}

C{skd{ an Kjhbjkksbjh

Mbwr an Fa} Djhkfk}

C{skd{ an Kjhbjkksbjh

Ma{jwr an Fa} Djhkfk}

Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}


Ealdj Ldjdhklkjw .Maj}ws{maj& Bjm*

Mdfbnasjbd Gkpdswlkjw an

Wsdj}paswdaj Gb}wsbmw 08

Mbwr an Mdldsbffa

Gkpdswlkjw an P{cfbm Xasi}!Fdjg

Gk~kfaplkjw

Djgr H* G{ajh& PK

O{fbd Lark& PK

Ksbi Eanldj& PK

Gdsxbj ^dshd}

Ldsbd Lbsdjgd

Djgskx Jh{lcd& PK& WK

3044,3043 d]MK Lkwsapafbwj Fa} djhkfk} Csjme %LFdC"

FA] DJHKFK]

Lkwsapafbwdj Fa} Djhkfk}Csdjme

]KMWBAJ

2012 report card for los angeles county infrastructure: a citizen's guide

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